Module 1: The World and the Philippines of Rizal’s Time

THE THREE GREAT REVOLUTIONS

1. Industrial Revolution
o Economic revolution which started with the invention of steam engine and resulted to the use of machinery in
the manufacturing sector in the cities of Europe
o People are being replaced by machines
o Led to the inventions of more concepts (trains, ships, telephones, cars)
2. The French Revolution
o Started a Political Revolution in Europe and in some pats of the world
o First revolution that sent a message that people are able to overthrow despotic government/autocratic leader
3. The American Revolution
o The colonies first rejected the authority British Parliament to govern without representation, and formed self-
governing independent states.
4. The Rise of Social Sciences: Period of Enlightenment
o Reliance on human reason rather on faith ad religion
5. The Opening of the Suez Canal
o The distance of travel between Europe and Philippines was significantly shortened and brought the country
closer to Spain

THE PHILIPPINES OF RIZAL TIMES

 During the times of Rizal, the sinister shadows of Spain's decadence darkened the Philippine skies
 We suffered from the rules of the Spanish colonizers

Evils of Spain in the Philippines

1. Instability of administration
o Spain has a lot of constitutions(4), parliaments(28), ministers(29), and revolutions which led to being
unstable. Conflicting rules and such.
o Suffering from incompetency of rulers
2. Corrupt Colonial Officials
o Jobs are being given to rich ones or if you have influence to others
3. No Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
o Our voices cannot be heard and the mother country, us being a subject country, cannot help us with our needs
and our problem.
4. Human rights denied
o More priority to spanish people
o Racial Discrimination
 "Indio" dark black skin, big nose. Treated as inferiors
5. No equality before the law
o Court and law favors the Spaniards
6. Maladministration of justice
o Court and law prefers the Spaniards
o Costs a lot for you to be in court
7. Frailocracy
o Friars acts like the government because they own big lands, rent it to Filipinos, and earn taxes.
o No separation between the church and the state
8. Forced Labor
o Ages 16-60 forced to work
o You have to pay to be exempted
9. Guardia civil
o Spanish guards acts superior and are oppressors
10. Hacienda owned by friars
o Titles given by the Kingdom
o Family of Rizal were also tenants of friars by paying tax
 o Rizal born into a middle class family kasi his family was earning through the cops they rented from the friars
11. Racial discrimination

 "Indio" dark black skin, big nose. Treated as inferiors

RELATIONSHIP

 Rizal born into a middle class family kasi his family was earning through the cops they rented from the friars
 Rizal was sent to Europe for his education
 He arrived to Europe and realized the difference of a free independent country and a colonized country
 His fellow Filipinos abroad realized that the Philippines needed help and were oppressed. What can they do?
 Rizal was a product and molded of the 19th century and realized all the things people can do, how they can work
together and be united for a common goal. The idea of independence was a byproduct of a situation he was in.
 For us to understand na Rizal was exposed to this social realities and he dared to stop this cruelness by writing it
charannn
 The freedom we have today s because of people like Rizal. Someone must fight for independence and nation building.

Module 1.2: The World and the Philippines of Rizal’s Time

What made Rizal a national hero?

 Definition of a "Hero"
o A prominent person or central personage taking an admirable part or and remarkable action or event.
 La Liga Filipina, Honorary pres. of La Solaridad, Chief if Indios BravosWriting El Filibusterismo
and Noli me Tangere , encouraging illustrados to take part in revolution, saying that men and
women should be equal.
o A person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, fortitude in suffering
o Presentations or communication tools to be used as lectures, speeches and more.

Who made Rizal our national hero?

There is no law that made him our national hero. No single person or groups of person were responsible for making
him a hero. It is:

1. Himself
2. His own fellow people
3. The Foreigners