Research Database for the UBSHS

12-Follosco

A Research Proposal Presented to the

University of Baguio

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for CONRES2
And CONEAPP1

Antonio, Agnes
Apse, Billie Marino
Bañares, Christelle
Bomogao, Jay-r
Bumahit, Sonielli
Camillo, Karl
Carreon, John Vincent
Dalang, Rasheed Kobe
De Jesus, Stephanie
Deveraturda, Yuan
Enmodias, Kurt Jensen
Gano, Brando
Gusingan, Aldwin
Laita, Joel Calsie
Lauriano, Ryan
Macabeo, Kurt Anthony
Naniong, Dionisio
Palomique, Petterson
Perez, John Daniel
Rivera, Sean
Sanchez, Maron Harvey
Santos, Jovel Eisen
Tao-at, Jaynard
Vista, John Philip

December 9, 2020
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

According to Techopedia (2020), a database management system is a software package

designed to define, manipulate, retrieve, and manage data in a database. A database management
system generally operates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure, and file
structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. Database management
systems are settled on specific data handling concepts as the practice of administrating a database
evolves. The earliest databases only managed single individual pieces of specially formatted
data. Today’s more developed systems can handle different kinds of less formatted data and tie
them together in more elaborate ways.

According to Prince George’s Community College, research databases are organized

collections of computerized information or data such as periodical articles, books, graphics and
multimedia that can be searched to retrieve information. In the study of Prachi Juneja (2001-
2015), she points out that the database is a collection of data and it is for securing for your files
when somebody will intervene. She identifies the use of database and according to him it is for
collection of programs which facilitate in access, retrieval, security, creation and sharing of
database among its users or other applications. These will be useful in securing files and data
from unknown and unauthorized users. However, our aim is to share files or information with
students and teachers of the University of Baguio.

A database is a data structure that stores organized information. Most databases contain
multiple tables, which may each include several different fields. For example, a company
database may include tables for products, employees, and financial records. Each of these tables
would have different fields that are relevant to the information stored in the table. Nearly all e-
commerce sites use databases to store product inventory and customer information. These sites
use a database management system (or DBMS), such as Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, or
MySQL as the "back end" to the website. By storing website data in a database, the data can be
easily searched, sorted, and updated. This flexibility is important for e-commerce sites and other
types of dynamic websites. (Christensson, 2009)
The study also made use of SQL DBMS. According to SQLite (2020), SQL is a domain-
specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational
database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management
system. SQL lets you access and manipulate databases. SQL is the standard and most widely
used programming language for relational databases. It is used to manage and organize data in all
sorts of systems in which various data relationships exist. SQL is use to retrieve data or
otherwise interface with a relational database. Relational database are set up with a particular
structure --- each record has a series of keys that are linked to one another in consistent ways,
and placed in a table represented visually in grid.
 According to SQLite (2020), SQLite is an embedded SQL database engine. Unlike most
other SQL databases, SQLite does not have a separate server process. SQLite reads and writes
directly to ordinary disk files. A complete SQL database with multiple tables, indices, triggers,
and views, is contained in a single disk file. The database file format is cross-platform - you can
freely copy a database between 32-bit and 64-bit systems or between big-endian and little-
endian architectures. These features make SQLite a popular choice as an Application File
Format. SQLite database files are a recommended storage format by the US Library of Congress.
Think of SQLite not as a replacement for Oracle but as a replacement for Fope.

Data sharing and data security would be improved for the students. File access can be
monitored and managed by the updater/author. If allowed by the former researchers the students
may further continue and develop the research, with the authority from the University admin.
The file could be passed on to college level which, if the majority of the members from the
research allow it. Authorized persons such as faculty members can access the management
system and the data base for plagiarism issues. This can be used or referenced by other grade
levels for them to study for their future researches.

Significance of the Study

The researchers aim to have both security and file access easier for students and teachers.
In Glenn Fowle’s study of CQL (1994) he stated that “cql is an attractive scripting tool for
database queries, Because it is an interpreted query language it supports rapid prototyping;
because it is fast it allows prototypes to become production code”. However it is far
outdated since most people today use other scripting languages and C language was upgraded to
C++ which most people use and far more malleable or manageable. SQL on the other hand is
more modern and easier to manage, as it uses ASP and PHP languages, variations of c++ for
server side scripting. Server side scripting means managing and creating database and accounts
from admin, however the coder wants. Sql uses RDBMS, stands for Relational Database
Management System, basis for sql. . HTML is be used to style the page.
Conceptual Framework

The Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) model database is very flexible for creating

transaction-oriented systems for data entry and browsing of individual forms but is unsuitable for
direct analytical processing, which is the focus of data marts (Abrandt et. al, 2002). Entity-
Attribute-Value model can be used in our database study and can instead be Entity (name)
(date)-Attribute (research paper)-Value (score) model when encoded in the database.

Research Paper:
Name and Date (Entity)

Research Database
Research Paper (Attribute) Organized and to be accessed by
Authorized People
Score (Value)

Objectives of the Study

The proponents aim to produce a research database that will provide teachers easy access
to the researches of Senior High School students. The research database is organized where
sections as one table and inside those tables contain name, grade and section, and date as entity,
the research file as the attribute, and the score of the research as the value. Specifically the study
aims to:

1. Provide a safe and secure database for the researches of Senior High School students.

2. Put data to corresponding section for easy access.

3. Avoid data loss.

4. Manage data overload.

Scope and Limitation

The researchers would design a research database exclusive for Senior High Schools
only. The database only involved the use of MS access and SQL DBMS. The database does not
have a website GUI, instead it is a simple compiler template like MS excel which teachers can
input the name, date passed, research title and file, and score of the researches of the students.
The researchers made use of computers that have Windows 7 and above as the operating systems
instead of other operating systems.
METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study is an Action Research that intends to address the concern of research
department to organize and come up with a place online to save all researches done in the Senior
High School. This makes the research useful for those who plan to create database for next
generation learners of UB Senior High School.

Requirements for a Research database

To make a research database there are 2 requirements needed. These are database
software applications named Microsoft Access and SQL.

Microsoft Access is a database management system from Microsoft that combines the
relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-
development tools. Using this can allow us to add new data to the database, such as a new item
in the inventory. It also makes editing data, deleting data, and sharing data in the database
possible.

SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data
held in a relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data
stream management system. SQL lets you access and manipulate databases.

Tables

A database table is similar in appearance to a spreadsheet, in that data is stored in rows

and columns. As a result, it is usually quite easy to import a spreadsheet into a database table.
The main difference between storing your data in a spreadsheet and storing it in a database is in
how the data is organized.

Forms

Forms allow you to create a user interface in which you can enter and edit your data.
Forms often contain command buttons and other controls that perform various tasks. You can
create a database without using forms by simply editing your data in the table datasheets.
However, most database users prefer to use forms for viewing, entering, and editing data in the
tables.
Reports

Reports are what you use to format, summarize and present data. A report usually answers
a specific question, such as "How much money did we receive from each customer this year?" or
"What cities are our customers located in?" Each report can be formatted to present the
information in the most readable way possible.
A report can be run at any time, and will always reflect the current data in the database. Reports
are generally formatted to be printed out, but they can also be viewed on the screen, exported to
another program, or sent as an attachment to an e-mail message.

Queries

Queries can perform many different functions in a database. Their most common function
is to retrieve specific data from the tables. The data you want to see is usually spread across
several tables, and queries allow you to view it in a single datasheet. Also, since you usually
don't want to see all the records at once, queries let you add criteria to "filter" the data down to
just the records you want.
Certain queries are "updateable," meaning you can edit the data in the underlying tables via the
query datasheet. If you are working in an updateable query, remember that your changes are
actually being made in the tables, not just in the query datasheet.

Queries come in two basic varieties: select queries and action queries. A select query simply
retrieves the data and makes it available for use. You can view the results of the query on the
screen, print it out, or copy it to the clipboard. Or, you can use the output of the query as the
record source for a form or report.

An action query, as the name implies, performs a task with the data. Action queries can be used
to create new tables, add data to existing tables, update data, or delete data.

Macros

Macros in Access can be thought of as a simplified programming language which you can
use to add functionality to your database. For example, you can attach a macro to a command
button on a form so that the macro runs whenever the button is clicked. Macros contain actions
that perform tasks, such as opening a report, running a query, or closing the database. Most
database operations that you do manually can be automated by using macros, so they can be
great time-saving devices.
Modules

Modules, like macros, are objects you can use to add functionality to your database.
Whereas you create macros in Access by choosing from a list of macro actions, you write
modules in the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming language. A module is a
collection of declarations, statements, and procedures that are stored together as a unit. A module
can be either a class module or a standard module. Class modules are attached to forms or
reports, and usually contain procedures that are specific to the form or report they're attached to.
Standard modules contain general procedures that aren't associated with any other object.
Standard modules are listed under Modules in the Navigation Pane, whereas class modules are
not.

Materials and Methods

Study design

This research study is an action research which intends to help the research department
organize the researches of senior high school. The study made use of 2 database software
applications which are the Microsoft Access and SQL lite in khan academy. The study also made
use of computers that are able to support these applications. The study primarily made use of the
Microsoft Access for its many features and graphical user interface. The study utilized the key
features of MS Access to produce the effective database.

Data Gathering Procedures

The data collected depends on the research database design and structure. The researchers
utilized the use Microsoft Access and the SQL database management system to produce the
database.

According to Microsoft (2020), Microsoft Access is a Database Management System

(DBMS) from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a
graphical user interface and software development tools. Databases in Access are composed of
four objects: tables, queries, forms, and reports. Together, these objects allow you to enter, store,
analyze, and compile your data however you want.

In producing the database in MS Access, the application was opened. The “file” tab was
clicked and the “new” option was chosen to produce the initial configurations of the database.
Icons are displayed with the options of a blank database and also templates as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Database Templates.

The blank database option was chosen. The researchers made an option where the name,
date, and the research files would be attached in order for it to be stored in the database as shown
in figure 2. The section 1 is for a specific section and labeled with the respective section to where
the students are from. Their names and researches are stored and another table is made for
another section with the same configuration. This continues until all sections in SHS are covered.
The names and researches are organized to their respective sections and files are attached to the
database. The work was saved to complete the database.

Figure 2. MS Acess Database

Making the SQL database using SQL lite from Khan Academy uses the same configurations as
MS Access through the use of coding. SQL lite software is opened. The left side in figure 3 is
where to input the code and the right side is the result of the code.
Figure 3. SQL lite

The codes are typed to the left side. The researchers made use of SQL programming
language to code the configurations as shown in figure 4. The same options are configured as to
what the options are in MS Access Database which was the name of students, date, research title,
and research file. The information was organized to the respective column to finish the database.

Figure 4. SQL Language

References:

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https://techterms.com

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https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24361/database-management-systems-dbms

Fowler, G. (1994). cql -- A Flat File Database Query Language. Retrieved 8 December 2020, from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.94.7681

Junija, P. (2001, September 1). Amplifying Performance in Virtual Teams Optimizing

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https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Frescito17

Khan Academy (2020). Intro to SQL: Querying and managing data. Retrieved December 09,
2020, from https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-programming/sql

Microsoft Access. (2020, November 23). Wikipedia. Retrieved December8, 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access

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https://www.sqlite.org/index.html