DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Sharif College of Engineering and Technology

Sharif complex Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

7th Semester Lab Task DUE DATE: 31/02/2021

Subject EE-354L Power System Protection

Instructor Engr. Samaira Zahoor

Talha Naseem
2017-UET-ShCET-LHR-ELECT-46
Abdul Rehman Amjad
2017-UET-ShCET-LHR-ELECT-47
Student’s name & Roll No.
Usman Asghar
2017-UET-ShCET-LHR-ELECT-52
Muhammad Faisal
2016-UET-ShCET-LHR-ELECT-53

Topic:-
"Simulation Analysis of Inrush Current of Three Phase Transformer Based
on MATLAB"
Objective:-
We chose a latest research paper from IEEE Transaction (Journal) Paper on any aspect of power
system protection for suggestions and improvements. For this objective we select a following paper
name as "Simulation Analysis of Inrush Current of Three Phase Transformer Based on MATLAB".
We use MATLAB software to analyze a phenomenon of inrush current in three-phase transformer
closing switch without load, a simulation model of three-phase transformer no-load switching inrush
current was built, and the simulation result was analyzed by Fourier transform analysis, which directly
showing the characteristics of the three-phase transformer inrush current waveform.

Research Paper:-

Simulation Analysis of Inrush Current of Three Phase Transformer Based on

MATLAB

Yundong Song 1, Hongde Jia2,Xiaofeng Xu 2, Li Yu2

1. State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110006
E-mail: songyundong@126.com
2. Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
E-mail: yulixxx@126.com

Abstract:
This paper presents a phenomenon of inrush current in three-phase transformer closing switch
without load, a simulation model of three-phase transformer no-load switching inrush current was built
by using the Sim Power Systems software package of simulink in Matlab software, and the simulation
result was analyzed by Fourier transform analysis, which directly showing the characteristics of the
three-phase transformer inrush current waveform.

Key Words: Transformer, Inrush Current, Simulation analysis, Fourier transform

1. INTRODUCTION.
Transformer is important electrical equipment in power system, which can connect different
voltage levels of power grid and transform energy, so the transformer operating conditions affect the
security and stability of power system operation. When the transformer is closed with no-load, the no-
load current will be a transient process, which may occur considerable impulse current and the value
can be several times the rated current because the primary winding inductance coil. The impulse
current appeared during closing switch without load is called inrush current [1]. The inrush current
often leads to differential protection disoperation of transformer, so as to find a solution of inrush of
transformer protection measures through the research and analysis on the characteristics of inrush
current. It is very important to improve the correct rate of transformer protection [2].
Transformer inrush current is related to many factors such as the saturation of iron core, the size
of core eminences, switching phase angle and the size of transformer capacity [3] [4]. Therefore, it is
more complicated to analyze on project. This paper used the matlab software to simulation and analysis
the transient process of transformer inrush current produced by transformer no-load switching.
2 SIMULATION MODEL OF TRANSFORMER INRUSH CURRENT
Simulation model of three-phase transformer no-load switching inrush current was built by
using the Sim Power Systems software package of simulink in matlab software, as shown in Figure 1
[5].

In the simulation system, , the phase difference of the electric potential between the three-phase
sources is about 15 degrees, In addition, the settings are exactly the same. The parameter setting of the
three-phase source is shown in
Figure 2.

In order to make the simulation analysis simple, the three-phase transformer (two windings)
with “saturated core” was choosed, the wiring of transformer windings was designed for Y type wiring
on both sides and the voltage level was selected 35kV. The transformer parameter is shown in Table1.
Transformer parameter
Table1 Transformer parameter
Rrated Capacity 50MVA
Rated Frequency 50Hz
Winding Parameter R1=0.003pu,L1=0.09pu
Iron Loss 500pu
The input of transformer was controlled by using three-phase breaker, the three-phase fault
simulated transformer protection zone fault. The inrush current and the fault current in the protection
area are simulated by changing the closing switch time of three-phase circuit breaker and three-phase
fault.
3 SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
When the internal fault occurs in the transformer, the differential current of the transformer is
transformed from a
transient state to a steady state after the fault, as shown in Figure 3.

In the process of inrush current produced by the transformer closed switch without load, the
current waveform appeared singularity near the core’s desaturation time. The Waveform was showing
spire wave with intermittent and was partial to one side of the timeline, simultaneously, contained a
large number of high harmonics, as shown in Figure4.
 The transformer inrush current waveform of Figure 4 was analyzed by Fourier transform and
the results were shown in Figure 5.

The results of FFT analysis show that most of the transformer inrush current waveform contains
a large number of non periodic components, and the two harmonic is the main component [6]. There is
a large DC component in the results of simulation, but it is not certain that the inrush current is also
true under some other conditions. The inrush current will induce the malfunction of transformer
protection; therefore, we must accurately identify the inrush current and prevent the disoperation of
transformer differential protection. We can avoid the disoperation of differential protection by
identifying the different characteristics between transformer inrush current and short-circuit current.
4 CONCLUSION
This paper used the MATLAB software to build the three-phase transformer inrush current
simulation model in Simulink simulative platform, and simulated under the situation of the transformer
closed switch without load and transformer fault by setting the reasonable parameters of each module.
The Characteristics of three phase transformer inrush current waveform were visually displayed and
verified by the FFT analysis, which was showing spire wave with intermittent and was partial to one
side of the timeline and contained a large number of frequency doubling even high frequency
components. The transformer close switch without load that is a transient process, the current
waveform will be distorted and product harmonic components. At the same time, under certain
conditions, the power system may be resonant and product overvoltage. The accurate simulation of
transformer inrush current plays an important role in the research and analysis of relay protection. The
simulation of inrush current can be realized by using MATLAB software, which can simulate the
inrush current of transformer based on different conditions and requirements. It provides the basis for
transformer protection algorithm.

REFERENCES
[1] Z.S. Lv, electromechanics, Higher Education Press, Beijing, China, 2008.
[2] H.R. Sun, Simulation and Analysis of Three PhaseTransformer Inrush Current Base on MATLAB,
Computer Knowledge and Technology, Vol.11, No.28,182-183, October 2015
[3] J.L. He, Principle of relay protection, China Electric Power Press, Beijing, China, 2003
[4] S.P. Huang, Simulation Research on the process of the transformer no-load switching transients
Base on MATLAB, electric relay, 2004,32(8):19-21
[5] Q. Yu, Power system modeling and simulation on MATLAB/Simulink, Machinery Industry Press,
Beijing, China, 2012
[6] L.L. Zhang, Research on new method and new principle of transformer magnetizing inrush
identification, master's thesis, 2013
2017