Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering

Class Test 2 Memorandum

Copyright reserved
Module EIR 211
3 June 2021
Assessment ID
2021EIR211C02

Test information
Full marks: 27 Maximum marks: 27
Duration of paper: 50 minutes Open/closed book: Open book
Total number of pages (including this page): 9

IMPORTANT
1. The departmental rules relevant to electronically graded assessments apply.
2. Answer all questions in the Excel template provided on AMS and upload the completed Excel
submission to AMS. The question numbering in ( ) corresponds to the Excel template number-
ing.
3. Unless the answer is an integer, round all answers to three significant figures, e.g., if the
absolute value for an answer is 1.538 + j14.686 Ω, the answer to 3 significant figures would be
1.54 + j14.7 Ω, if the absolute value for an answer is 6.394∠21.54° Ω, the answer to 3 significant
figures would be 6.39∠21.5° Ω.
4. Answers which are complex numbers can be entered in either rectangular or polar format.
5. Answers without units or with the incorrect units will be marked incorrect.
6. For multiple choice questions, write down the number corresponding to the correct answer on
your answer sheet.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The University of Pretoria commits itself to produce academic work of integrity. I affirm that I am
aware of and have read the Rules and Policies of the University, more specifically the Disciplinary
Procedure and the Tests and Examinations Rules, which prohibit any unethical, dishonest or im-
proper conduct during tests, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
I am aware that no student or any other person may assist or attempt to assist another student,
or obtain help, or attempt to obtain help from another student or any other person during tests,
assessments, assignments, examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
Internal examiners: Dr. F. Palunčić and Mr. Z. Olinga

2021EIR211C02 Page 1 of 9 3 June 2021

All voltages and currents are given in RMS. Enter your answers as
RMS values as well.

Dr. Palunčić’s section

Question 1 (12)
Refer to the circuit below.
Vs and A are student-specific parameters whose values are to be
found in the Excel template a2021EIR211C02.xlsx.

−j10 Ω 5 + j15 Ω
a
+
+
Vs ∠0° V − AV0 V0 ZL

−
b

If the load impedance ZL is removed from the above circuit, find the
Thevenin equivalent circuit of the remaining circuit between termi-
nals a and b:
(1) Thevenin equivalent voltage VTh . (2)
(2) Thevenin equivalent impedance ZTh . (2)

(3) What load impedance ZL will result in maximum average power

transfer to the load? (1)
(4) What is the maximum average power delivered to the load? (1)

At the maximum average power transfer to the load impedance

ZL :
(5) What is the average power of the reactive part of the load impedance
ZL ? (1)
(6) What is the power factor of the load impedance ZL ? (Specify
leading or lagging in the units field.) (1)
(7) What is the complex power of the load impedance ZL ? (2)
(8) What is the apparent power of the load impedance ZL ? (1)

2021EIR211C02 Page 2 of 9 3 June 2021

 (9) If the power factor of the load were to be improved to unity by
connecting a capacitor in parallel with it, would the maximum
power transfer to the load be maintained? (Enter the number of
the option corresponding to your answer.) (1)
1. Yes
2. No

Solution:
(1) VTh :
−j10 Ω 5 + j15 Ω
a
+
+
Vs ∠0° V − AV0 V0 = VTh

−
b
By KVL
Vs ∠0° − j10(AV0 ) = VTh
Vs ∠0° − j10(AVTh ) = VTh
Vs ∠0° = (1 + j10A)VTh
Vs ∠0°
VTh = V
1 + j10A
(2) ZTh : The circuit contains a dependent source, so we need to
add a voltage/current source of any value between terminals
a and b. We elect to use a current source Is = 1∠0° A as the
circuit contains a dependent current source. Then
Vs
ZTh =
Is

−j10 Ω 5 + j15 Ω
a
+

AV0 V0 = Vs Is = 1∠0° A

−
b

2021EIR211C02 Page 3 of 9 3 June 2021

 Applying KVL

V0 = (5 + j15)Is − j10(AV0 + Is )
= 5 + j15 − j10AV0 − j10
= 5 + j5 − j10AV0
(1 + j10A)V0 = 5 + j5
5 + j5
V0 =
1 + j10A

Therefore
Vs
ZTh =
Is
V0
=
Is
= V0
5 + j5
=
1 + j10A
5 + j5 1 − j10A
= ·
1 + j10A 1 − j10A
5 + 50A + j(5 − 50A)
=
12 + (10A)2
5 + 50A + j(5 − 50A)
= Ω
1 + 100A2

Therefore the Thevenin equivalent circuit with the load is

ZTh
a
+ IL
+
VTh − VL ZL

−
b

(3)

ZL = Z∗Th
5 + 50A − j(5 − 50A)
= Ω
1 + 100A2
2021EIR211C02 Page 4 of 9 3 June 2021
 (4)

|VTh |2
Pmax =
8RTh
Vs2 1 + 100A2
= ·
1 + 100A2 8(5 + 50A)
Vs2
= W
40 + 400A

(5) Preact = 0 W as the reactive part of the load impedance, due

to capacitor(s) and/or inductor(s), has zero average power.

(6)
pf = cos ∠ZL lagging

where
−5 + 50A
∠ZL = tan−1
5 + 50A
The power factor is lagging for all student-specific parame-
ters.

(7)

VTh
IL =
ZTh + ZL
Vs 1
= ·
1 + j10A 2RTh
Vs 1 + 100A2
= ·
1 + j10A 10 + 100A

and so

Vs 1 + 100A2
|IL | = √
1√+ 100A2 10 + 100A
Vs 1 + 100A2
=
10 + 100A
2 Vs (1 + 100A2 )
2
|IL | =
(10 + 100A)2

2021EIR211C02 Page 5 of 9 3 June 2021

 SL = VL I∗L
= ZL IL I∗L
= |IL |2 ZL
Vs2 (1 + 100A2 ) 5 + 50A − j(5 − 50A)
= ·
(10 + 100A)2 1 + 100A2
Vs2
= [5 + 50A − j(5 − 50A)] VA
(10 + 100A)2

(8)

SL = |SL |
Vs2 p
= 2
(5 + 50A)2 + (5 − 50A)2
(10 + 100A)
Vs2 p
= 2
50 + 5000A2 VA
(10 + 100A)

(9) No, because adding a capacitor in parallel with the load impedance
will alter the load impedance and it will no longer be the com-
plex conjugate of the Thevenin equivalent impedance ZTh .
Therefore, option 2.

Mr. Z. Olinga’s section

Question 2 (7)
A balanced Y -connected source with phase voltage Van = Vp ∠θ is
connected to a ∆-connected load of ZL = RL + jXL . Assuming a
negative acb sequence, determine the following:
Vp , θ, RL and XL are student-specific parameters whose values are
to be found in the Excel template a2021EIR211C02.xlsx.
(10) Determine the line voltage VAB . (1)
(11) Determine the phase current IAB . (1)
(12) Determine the phase current ICA . (1)
(13) Determine the phase current IBC . (1)
(14) Determine the line current Ia . (1)
2021EIR211C02 Page 6 of 9 3 June 2021
 (15) Determine the line current Ic . (1)
(16) Determine the line current Ib . (1)

Solution:

(10) VAB :

Van = Vp ∠θ
√
VAB = 3Vp ∠(θ − 30°) V

(11) IAB :
VAB
IAB =
Z
√∆
3Vp ∠(θ − 30°)
IAB =
Z∆

(12) ICA :

ICA = IAB (1∠ − 120°)

(13) IBC :

IBC = IAB (1∠120°)

(14) Ia :
√
Ia = IAB ( 3∠30°)

(15) Ic :

Ic = Ia (1∠ − 120°)

(16) Ib :

Ib = Ia (1∠120°)

Question 3 (8)
Refer to the figure below. Shown in the figure below are two bal-
anced loads supplied by a 60-Hz line from a source with phase
voltage Vsc = Vp ∠θ volts. Load 1 is Y-connected with impedance
Z1 = R1 + jX1 per phase and load 2 is a balanced three-phase motor
2021EIR211C02 Page 7 of 9 3 June 2021
 drawing P2 kW at power factors pf2 lagging. Assuming a abc se-
quence, determine the following:
Vp , θ, R1 , X1 , P2 and pf2 are student-specific parameters whose val-
ues are to be found in the Excel template a2021EIR211C02.xlsx.

Load 1 Load 2

a)

c
c c

Combined Load

b)

(17) The complex power S1 absorbed by load 1 (2)

(18) The complex power S2 absorbed by load 2 (2)
(19) The complex power S absorbed by the combined load (1)
(20) The kVAR rating Qc0 of each of the 3 capacitors ∆-connected in
parallel with the load to raise the power factor to unity (2)
(21) The current IL (magnitude) drawn from the supply at unity power
factor (1)

Solution:

(17) S1 :
Note that the phase voltage has been given instead of the line

2021EIR211C02 Page 8 of 9 3 June 2021

 voltage

Vsc = Vp ∠θ
Z1 = Z ∠β
3Vp2 3Vp2
S1 = ∗ =
Z1 Z∠ − β
3Vp2
S1 = ∠β = P1 + jQ1 kVA
Z
(18) S2 :
P2 P2
|S2 | = =
cos θ pf2
Q2 = |S2 | sin θ, θ = arccos pf2
S2 = P2 + jQ2 kVA

(19) S:

S = S 1 + S2
S = (P1 + P2 ) + j(Q1 + Q2 )
S = P + jQ = S∠θpow kVA

(20) Qc0 :
First solve for the reactance of the combined capacitors

Qc = P(tan θold − tan θnew )

θold = θpow
θnew = arccos 1 = 0
Qc
Qc0 = kVAR
3
(21) IL :
√
P= 3|VL ||IL |
P
IL = √
3|VL |
√
VL = 3Vp
P P
∴ IL = √ √ = ,A
3 3 ∗ Vp 3 ∗ Vp

2021EIR211C02 Page 9 of 9 3 June 2021