Electric Circuits 1

Lecture #5

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• The single -loop circuit
⟹ Elements are connected in series.
⟹ The same current goes through all the components .
⟹ Use single loop .

Problem: Find all voltages, current & power absorbed by

each element

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Example:
KVL : (in the only loop )
- vS1 + vR1 + vS2 + vR2 = 0
Ohm’s law:
vR1 = R1 ● I
vR2 = R2 ● I
then
- vS1 + R1 ● I + vS2 + R2 ● I = 0
𝑉𝑠1−𝑉𝑠2
I=
𝑅1+𝑅2
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Example: Find Pabs for each element in the circuit
KVL loop
vA = - 15 * I
- 120 + 30 * I +2 vA + 15 * I = 0
- 120 + 30 * I +2 (- 15 * I )+ 15 * I = 0
120
- 120 + 15 * I = 0 ⟹ I = = 8A
15
P120v = V*I =(120) *( - 8) = - 960 Watt

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Resistors:
P30Ω = I2*R = (8)2 *( 30) = 1920 Watt
P15Ω = I2*R = (8)2 *( 30) = 960 Watt
Dependent Source:
Pdep = V*I = =( 2* - 15 ) *( - 8 )*( - 8) = = - 1920 Watt

Note : ∑ Pabs = -960+1920+960-1920=0

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• The single -node circuit.
⟹ All components are connected in parallel.
⟹ 2 nodes only.
⟹ Voltage is the same on all components.

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Example: Find v
KCL at node #1
𝑣 𝑣
5- - 1- + 6 =0
10 10

2𝑣
= 5-1-6 = 10
10

2v = 100 ⟹ v =50V

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Example: Find v, Pgen by current source
KCL at node #1
𝑣
- 2ix - 24* 10-3 -ix= 0
6000
𝑣
ix = − 2000
𝑣 𝑣 -3 𝑣
+ - 24* 10 + =0
6000 2000 2000

1 1 1
24* 10 = v (
-3 + + )
6000 2000 1000
𝑣(1+3+6) 𝑣
-3
24* 10 = = ⟹ v =(600)*(0.024)= 14.4V
6000 600
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Example: (continued)
Pgen at current source:
Pgen = v . i = (14.4) * (24* 10 -3) = 0.3456 Watt
= 345.6 mWatt

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• Series & parallel sources.
⟹ Series voltage sources can be added

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• Series & parallel sources.
⟹ Parallel current sources can be added
Example:

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• Series & parallel resistors.
⟹ Resistors in series.

- vs + v1 + v2 +···+ vN = 0 ⟹ vs = I. Req
vs = v1 + v2 +···+ vN
vs = I.R1+I.R2 +···+I .RN
= I . (R1+ R2+···+ RN ) vs = I. Req
So ,Req = (R1+ R2+···+ RN ) Req = (R1+ R2+···+ RN )
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⟹ Resistors in parallel

𝑣
is = i1 + i2 +···+ iN ⟹ is =
𝑅𝑒𝑞
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
is = + +⋯ +
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑁
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 1 1 1 1
+ +⋯ + = So , = + +⋯ +
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑁 𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑁

1 1 1 1
= + +⋯ +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑁
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⟹ Resistors in parallel
- In terms of conductances:
Geq = G1 + G2 +···+ GN
- special case
Only two resistors
1 1 -1
Req = ( + )
𝑅1 𝑅2

𝑅1+𝑅2
Req = ( 𝑅1∗𝑅2
)-1

𝑅1∗𝑅2
Req = ( 𝑅1+𝑅2
)
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Example: determine the current i.
Req = (R1+ R2+···+ RN )
Req = (10+7+5+ 8 ) = 30 Ω

Ohm’s law
𝑣 90𝑉
i= 𝑅𝑒𝑞
=
30𝛺
= 3A

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Example: Calculate the power and voltage of the dependent source

We need to simplify the circuit

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Example:(continued)
KCL at top node:
𝑣 𝑣
-2A + + - 0.9 i3 = 0
3Ω 6Ω
𝑣
i3 = 3Ω
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
-2A + + - 0.9( ) =0
3Ω 6Ω 3Ω
1 1 −9
v( + + ) =2A
3 6 30

10+5 − 9
v( ) = 2A
30
2∗(30)
v= 6
= 10 𝑉
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Example:(continued)
𝑣 10
i3 = = = 3.33 A
3Ω 3Ω

Current in dependent source

0.9 i3 = 0.9 ( 3.33 ) = 3 A
Power in dependent source
P = v * i = 10*3 =30 Watt

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Example: Find ix , vb, iy, va, iz, iw .

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Example:(continued)
KVL at L1:
-5*ix - 25+ 50= 0
25
-5*ix + 25 = 0 ⟹ 𝑖𝑥 = 5 = 5𝐴

KVL at L2:
- 50 + vb + 100= 0
vb + 50= 0 ⟹ vb = - 50 V
KCL at node 1:
𝑣𝑏 10
- 1+
50
+
10
i =0
+ y
−50 10
- 1+
50
+ + y
10
i = 0 ⟹ -1 + - 1 + 1 + iy =0 ⟹ iy = 1A
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Example:(continued)
KVL at L3:
+ 10 + va - 25*iy = 0
10 + va - 25*1 = 0 ⟹ va = 25 -10 = 15 V
KCL at node 2:
50
- iz + 1 – ix – =0
50
- iz + 1 – 5 – 1 = 0 ⟹ iz = - 5 A

KCL at node 3:
20 𝑣𝑏
iz – iw + 4 + –
10 50
=0
50
- 5 – iw +4 +2 + = 0 ⟹ - 5 – iw + 4 +2 +1 =0 ⟹ iw = 2 A 21
50
Thank you

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