Media and Information Literacy1 q1 m2 Media Department v3

*AReED EDUCATION
Media and Information Literacy

Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Media Department
°i
Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Media
First Edition, 2020
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Senior High School
Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Media
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Table of Contents
What This Module is About.................................................................................................I

What I Need to Know.........................................................................................................II
How to Learn from this Module.........................................................................................III
Icons of this Module..........................................................................................................IV
What I Know..................................................................................................................... IV
Lesson 1:
The Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media....................1
What’s In.....................................................................................................1
What’s New.................................................................................................2
What Is It.....................................................................................................2
What Is It.....................................................................................................7
What’s More................................................................................................9
What I Have Learned....................................................................................11
What I Can Do.............................................................................................11
Lesson 2:
Types of Media...........................................................................12
What’s In...................................................................................................12
What’s New...............................................................................................13
What Is It...................................................................................................14
What’s More..............................................................................................19
What I Have Learned................................................................................20
What I Can Do..........................................................................................21
Lesson 2:
Media and Information Sources...............................................22
What’s In...................................................................................................23
What’s New...............................................................................................23
What Is It...................................................................................................24
What’s More..............................................................................................27
What I Have Learned................................................................................28
What I Can Do..........................................................................................28
Summary......................................................................................................................... 29
Key to Answers................................................................................................................ 33
References...................................................................................................................... 38
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines
our choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and
the ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by
citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is a second part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which
will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This aimed in
introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners, as
solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as
we go along the module.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School
student to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as
well as responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. But before that, let me first
present to you our learning goals for this module.
The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. The Evolution of Traditional to New Media
2. Types of Media
3. Media and Information Sources
I
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the device used by people communicate with each other, store information
and broadcast Information across the different ages. (Identifies traditional media and
new media and their relationships MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-5);
2. Differentiate between traditional media and new media. (Editorializes the roles and
functions of media in democratic society MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6);
3. Discuss the Normative Theories of the Press. (Editorializes the roles and functions of
media in democratic society MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6);
4. Identify the functions of communication and media. (Searches latest theory on
information and media MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-7);
5. Identify the different types of media. (Classifies contents of different media types
MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
6. Classify contents of different media types. (Classifies contents of different media types
MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
7. Analyze and evaluate the effects of new media to the youth. (Classifies contents of
different media types MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
8. Explain the need to be aware and understand propaganda materials (Classifies
contents of different media types MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
9. Define media convergence through current example MIL11/12TYM-IIId-11) ;
10. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different sources information
(Discusses to class on how a particular individual/ or society is portrayed in public
using different type of media MIL11/12TYM-IIId-12);
11. identify and explain basic criteria for evaluating information(Compares potential
sources of media and information MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-13);
12. Interviews an elder from the community regarding indigenous media and information
resource MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-14;
13. discuss the importance of being able to evaluate information from the internet
(Evaluates everyday media and information with regard to with codes, convention,
and messages; in regards with audience, producers, and other stakeholders
MIL11/12MILA-IIIf-15;
14. Produces and assesses the codes, convention, and messages of a group presentation
MILI11/12MILA-IIIf-16.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.
1. What year were Facebook online social networking services is being introduce to the
internet world?
A. 2000 B. 1995
C. 2004 D. 2020
2. In the evolution of Electronic Age, what year is being started and

introduce? A. 1930–1980 B. 2001- 2005
C. 1995-2000 D. All of the above
3. Before 1700s or during the Prehistoric age, what was there way of communication as
they’re painting in the wall as they will represent dancing and hunting people?
A. Cave painting B. Email
C. Mobile phone D. All of the above
4. In the aspect of media and government under the normative theories of the press,
what theory that describe that all forms of communications are under the control of
the governing elite.
A. Social responsibility B. Authoritarian
C. Libertarian D. All of the above
5. What type of media is Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper?

A. Print media B. Broadcast media
C. Film D. New media
6. GMA 24 Oras aired on channel 7?

A. Broadcast media B. Print media
C. New media D. All of the above
7. A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials can be found that are
kept for use.
A. Internet B. Library
C. Indigenous knowledge D. None of the above
8. Types of information, provide very current information about event, people, or places
as the time they are published.
A. Newspaper B. Magazines
C. Books D. All of the above
9. An electronic communications network that connect computer networks and

organizational computer facilities around the world.
A. Book B. Magazines
C. Internet D. None of the above
10. Ways to consider in evaluating information EXCEPT.

A. Accuracy B. Fairness
C. Relevance D. Copying
Lesson
The Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media
1
What’s In
In reference to the previous module, consider the figure below. Answer the following
questions based on your own understanding.
Activity 1: Venn Diagram
Guide Questions:
1. What is Media Literacy?
2. What is Information Literacy?
3. What is Technology (Digital) Literacy?
4. What are the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy?
1
What’s New
Activity 2: Throwback
What famous world event happened on April 14, 1912?
Source: Source:
https://sputniknews.com/asia/201709221057600450- https://www.livescience.com/19635-titanic-disaster-
titanic-documentary-unearth-chinese-survivors/ happen.html
Process Questions:
1. If the Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean, how did the news reach the people in
England and New York at that time?
2. If the Titanic sank today, in what format will people receive or read the news?
What Is It
Traditional media, or as some check with as previous media, has been employed in
the marketing/advertising world for years. Once associated with advertising, ancient media
encompasses that of TV, newspaper, radio and magazine ads. These sorts of
communication area unit the steadfast ways in which businesses have reached each
customers and alternative firms for many years.
New media is that the way forward for advertising. Additional and additional
customers and businesses accept new media to seek out their info. Ultimately, new media
refers to content that’s simply accessible via many various sorts of digital media. Once
associated with advertising, some samples of new media embody on-line advertising
(retargeting, banner ads, etc.), on-line streaming (radio and television) and social media
advertising.
PREHISTORIC AGE (Before 1700s)
People discovered fire, developed paper from plants and cast instrumentality or
weapon through stone, bronze, copper and iron.
in the north-western portion of the country. Its cave walls square measure adorned by prehistoric cave paintings that go back around
4f03db2cd
Early Writing Tablet recording the allocation of beer, 3100-3000 B.C.E,

Late Prehistoric period, clay, probably from southern Iraq. © Trustees of the British Museum. The symbol fo
Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
Image: ancient-near-east-an-introduction/a/cuneiform
y throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. As a method of printing
INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s-1930s)
People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production
and manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press).
ting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of t
The telegraph key used to send the famous message “What Hath God Wroght” over the prototype telegrap
D.C. in 1844 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Telegraph (1844)
A typewriter
is a mechanical or
g characters similar to those produced by printer’s movable type. A typewriter operates by means of keys that strike a ribbon to trans
Typewriter (1800)
ELECTRONIC AGE (1930 - 1980)
People harnessed the power of electricity that led to electrical telegraphy, electrical
circuits and the early large scale computers (through vacuum tubes, transistors and
integrated circuits). In this age, long distance communication became possible.
954, Texas Instruments (TI) had perfected production to the point that transistors became cheap enough for use in consumer items. TI
applicationof the new

technologyand approached
severallarge corporations
about producing the radio.
Transistor Radio (1954)
The television began its popularity in the 1940s. It was a novel item that everyone wanted to have. People
Television (1941)
e Wozniak, the computers are sold wholesale by “Steven” Jobs. To finance their manufacturing, Wozniak sells his HP-65 calculator for $
New (Information) Age (1970-Present)
People advanced the use of microelectronics in the invention of personal computers,
mobile devices and wearable technology. In this age, the Internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of the social network. Moreover, voice, image, sound and
data are digitalized.
t truly portable computer was the Osborne 1. Thai born book and software publisher Adam Osborne (1939–2003) was the founder o
Facebook, American
Chris Hughes, all of whom were students at Harvard University. Facebook became the largest social network in the world, with more t
ated with telephones such as an operating system, web browsing, and the ability to run software applications. Smartphones can be use
What Is It
The Difference Between Traditional Media and New Media

Let us try to compare this traditional media and new media, in the view of how this
Media being part in our daily lives today. As we continually interacting, listening and
exchanging ideas to each and every one. The New media is much appreciated and
completely being use in different form of communications. It allows its users to give their
opinions instantly. Take a look at the illustration below for you to come up with the total
distinction or similarity.
Media and Government
The Philippine Constitution state, in Section 4 Article III “No law shall be passed
abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or the press, or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.” This should
be a core foundation between media and government. Looking at the real situation right now
media is being use by the dirty politician for their personal interest and intentions.
I would like to introduce this normative theories of the press to take your time in
reading and reflect on it. This would somehow will give you an idea of how media and
government working in old times. Normative theories were first proposed by Fred Siebert,
Theodore Peterson and Wilbur Schramm in their book called “Four Theories of the Press”.
At first the word “Normative Theory” was pronounced in USA during the height of ‘cold
war’ with communism and soviet. Often it called as western theories of mass media.
Authoritarian Theory Margolin, translated by Jonathan Murphy and Mark Kramer,
Harvard University Press, 1999, p.3])
Authoritarian theory describe that
all forms of communications are under the
control of the governing elite or authorities
or influential bureaucrats.
Authoritarians are necessary to
control the media to protect and prevent
the people from the national threats
through any form communication
(information or news). The press is an
instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in
the country rather than any threats.
SOVIET MEDIA THEORY

The Soviet Union was restructured
with new political system based on the
Marxist-Leninist principles. The newly
formed communist party by Lenin shows
much interest in the media which serves to
the working class in the country and their
welfares. So the Soviet originates a theory
from Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist
thoughts, with mixture of Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel ideology is called “Soviet
Media Theory” is also known as “The
Communist Media Theory”. The same
theory was developed and followed by
Adolf Hitler’s Nazi in Germany and Benito
Mussolini in Italy.
Marxist Theory
The basis upon which our analysis,
perspectives, programme, and participation
in the movement are based. It is our “guide
to action” and is why the International
Marxist Tendency places so much
emphasis on political education.
Marxist Theory and Leninist Theory

The crimes we shall expose are to
be judged not by the standards of
Communist regimes, but by the unwritten
code of the natural laws of humanity.
(Source:Stéphane Courtois [The Black Book
of Communism, Crimes, Terror, Repression,
with Nicolas Werth, Jean-Jouis Panné,
Andrzej Paczkowski, Karel Bartoshek, and
Jean-Louis
theory and libertarian theory because it
gives total media freedom in one hand but
the external controls in other hand.
Stalinist Theory
The method of rule, or
policies, of Joseph Stalin, Soviet
Communist Party and state
leader from 1929 until his death
in 1953. Stalinism is associated
with a regime of terror and
totalitarian rule.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

German philosopher who
developed a dialectical scheme
that emphasized the progress of
history and of ideas from thesis to
antithesis and thence to a
synthesis.
Libertarian Theory
Sees people are more
enough to find and judge good
ideas from bad. The theory says
people are rational and their
rational thoughts lead them to
find out what are good and bad.
The press should not restrict
anything even a negative content
may give knowledge and can
make better decision whilst worst
situation. The libertarian thoughts
are exactly against or opposite
to the authoritarian theory which
means the authoritarian theory
says “all forms of communication
works under the control of
government or elite like king”.
Social Responsibility Theory

Allows free press without
any censorship but at the same
time the content of the press
should be discussed in public
panel and media should accept
any obligation from public
interference or professional self-
regulations or both. The theory
lies between both authoritarian
Funtion of Communication and Media
(According to McNair communication and media function)
Monitoring Functions
Inform citizens of what is happening around them.
Example: In times of natural disasters, war, health scares, etc. Broadcast media (TV Patrol, 24Oras and etc.)
Information Function
e the audience as to the meaning and significance of the “facts”; ability of the media to teach the various norms, rules and values.
e: Watching educative or documentary shows/programs like matanglawin, Ancient X files, Super Book, Mathtinik and etc. (Broadcast M
Opinion Function
cilitating the formation of provide a platform for public political discourse, facilitating the formation of “public opinion” and feeding tha
d speeches.
What’s More
Watch Dog Role of Journalism

Give publicity to governmental and political institutions.
Example: Pork Barrel scandal (Bantay kaban, GMA special report). Bayan mo ipatrol mo (ABS-CBN election coverage)
Channel for advocacy for political viewpoints

Serve as the channel for the advocacy of political viewpoints
Example: SONA media coverage
Activity 3: The Evolution of Traditional to New Media
Provide answers and fill in the table on the Evolution of Traditional to New Media.
Ages What devices did What devices did What devices did
people use to people use to store people use to
communicate with information? share or broadcast
each other? information?
Prehistoric Age
Industrial Age
Electronic Age
New (Digital) Age
Adapted from teaching guide by CHED to DepEd, pp.22. (Teaching Guide for SHS)
Activity 4: Picture Analysis
Guide Questions:
1. What is the picture all about?
2. Why do you think these people

participated in this event?
3. If given the chance, will you join this

rally? Why or why not?
Image source: VladTchompalov, https://unsplash.com/

photos/cpAKc-G6lPg
Picture Analysis Rubric
Category 4 3 2 1
Observations Student makes Student makes Student makes Student
a complete a detailed a detailed descriptions
and detailed description of description of are not detailed
description of most of the some of the or complete.
the subject subject matter subject matter
matter and/or and/or elements and/or elements
elements seen seen the photo. seen the photo.
the photo.
Understanding Analysis of Analysis of Analysis of Analysis of
the piece the piece the piece the piece
demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Thorough considerable some little
understanding understanding understanding understanding
of principles, of principles, of principles, of principles,
concepts and concepts and concepts and concepts and
relationships. relationships. relationships. relationships.
Thinking/ Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and

Inquiry Interpretation Interpretation of Interpretation
of images is images is sound. of images is Interpretation
strong. satisfactory. of images is
weak.
Application Ability to make Ability to make Ability to make Ability to make
and express and express and express and express
judgements, judgements, judgements, judgements,
conclusions and conclusions and conclusions conclusions
predictions was predictions was and predictions and predictions
insightful and considerably was moderately was limited.
effective. effective. effective.
What I Have Learned
Activity 5: Function of Media and Government

Provide answers and fill in the table about the Function of Media and Government.
Normative Media Control Functions of Media
theories of the
press
Authoritarian
Soviet Media
Libertarian
Social
Responsibility
What I Can Do
Instructions:
1. Draw on a short bond paper a political cartoon depicting your opinion about how
Philippine media performs its roles and functions in the Philippines which is a
democratic country.
2. Explain the message of your political cartoon in not less than 3 sentences.
Category Excellent (4) Acceptable (3) Minimal (2) Unacceptable (1)

Message Key issue and Key issue and Key issue is Key issue and
cartoonist’s cartoonist’s position identifiable; cartoonist’s position
position are are identifiable. cartoonist’s are unclear.
clearly identifiable. position may be
unclear.
Visual Carton is neat and Carton is neat and Carton is Carton is messy;
presentation clean; color and clean; color and somewhat neat color and graphics
and Creativity creative graphics creative graphics and clean; color are lacking;
are used are used; and creative captions omitted
graphics are unreadable.
Exceptionally Captions are used; captions are
well; captions are readable. readable.
readable.
Content Cartoon clearly Cartoon conveys Cartoon conveys Cartoon conveys
conveys an understanding a limited little or no
understanding of the issue; understanding of understanding of
of the issue; uses appropriate the issue; attempts the issue; does not
excellent use symbolism; title is to use symbolism; use symbolism; title
of appropriate clear and relevant to title is unclear or is missing.
symbolism; title is topic. irrelevant to topic.
clear, clever, and
relevant to topic.
Source:https://assets.pearsonschool.com/asset_mgr/current/201129/govt_rubric_political_cartoon.pdf
Lesson
Types of Media
2
What’s In
Activity 1: Analyzing Infographics
Source: http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/06/01/Media-killings-journalists-Duterte-Philippines.html
Process questions:
1. What information is show in the Infographics?
2. What is the implication of media killings in the Philippines?
3. Do you agree that media killings is a danger to Philippine democracy? Why? Why not?
What’s New
Activity 2: Photo Analysis
Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/113a5fc5-c52f-4cc9-bdeb-ad9cc6deef90
Process questions:
1. Define media in your own words based from the picture shown above?
2. What possible type of media can you depict from the picture?
Category 4 3 2 1
the photo.
weak.
What Is It
Media is the term we use to

refer to different types of media that
provide us with important information
and knowledge. Media has always
been part of our society, even when
people used paintings and writings
to share information. As time passed,
people came up with different modes
to provide news to the public. Based
on the type of medium, their role
may be different, but they all exist to
communicate to the audience and
affect their perceptions. Today, we
don’t have to travel oceans or wait for
a pigeon to get the latest news.
Print Media
This type of news media used to be the only way of delivering information to the
public. For the generations of the 80s and 90s, print media was the only media of entertain.
People relied on newspapers and magazines to learn everything, from recipes and
entertainment news to important information about the country or the world. Print media
includes:
Newspapers. Printed and Magazines. Printed on a Books. Focused on

distributed on a daily or weekly, monthly, quarterly, a particular topic or
weekly basis. They include or annual basis. It contains subject, giving the
news related to sports, information about finance, reader a chance
politics, technology, science, food, lifestyle, fashion, to spread their
local news, national sports, etc. knowledge about their
news, international news, favorite topic.
birth notices, as well as
entertainment news related Banners. Used to advertise Billboards. Huge
to fashion, celebrities, and a company’s services and advertisements
movies. Today’s parents products, hung on easily- created with the help
grew up with this type of noticed sights to attract of computers. Their
printed media. people’s attention. goal is to attract
people passing by.
Brochures. A type of Flyers. Used mostly by (source: https://
booklet that includes small companies due to whatagraph.com/blog/
articles/different-types-of-
everything about one the low cost of advertising. media)
company – its products, They contain the basic
services, terms and information about a
conditions, contact details, company, their name, logo,
address, etc. They are service or product, and
either distributed with the contact information, and
newspapers, or hand over they are distributed in public
to people. areas.
Broadcast Media
Broadcast media describes the traditional forms of media that include television and
radio. Technically, the term ‘broadcast media’ can include the internet as well and even such
things as Bluetooth marketing and other forms of location-based transmissions.
(Source: https://www.openpr.com/wiki/broadcast-media)
This means to communicate or transmit a signal, a message, or content, such as
audio or video programming, to numerous recipients simultaneously over a communication
network. To make knows over a wide area.
(Source: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Broadcast+media)
(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)
Film / Cinema
The Term ‘Film’ is commonly applied
to movies of an artistic or educational nature
and is not expected to have broad,
commercial appeal. According to Wikipedia, a
film is created by photographing actual
scenes with a motion picture camera; by
photographing drawings or miniature models
using traditional animation techniques; by
means of computer animation; or by a
combination of some or all of these
techniques and other visual effects. It is a
series of images, which when displayed on
screen, create an illusion of moving images
by the phi phenomenon.
Video Games / Digital Games
Any of various interactive games
played using a specialized electronic gaming
device or a computer or mobile device and a
television or other display screen, along with a
means to control graphic images.
New Media
Defines “new media” as “forms of
communicating in the digital world, which
includes publishing... most significantly, over
the Internet. It implies that the user obtains
the material via desktop and laptop
computers, smartphones and tablets. Every
company in the developed world is involved
with new media.” PC Magazine
(Source: https://ddunleavy.typepad.com/new_
media/2016/03/what-is-new-media.html)
Media Convergence
Media convergence is a term that can
refer to either: 1) the merging of previously
distinct media technologies and media forms
due to digitization and computer networking;
or 2) an economic strategy in which the
media properties owned by communications
companies employ digitization and computer
networking to work together.
(Source:
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/
(Source: Gleonhard, article/media-convergence).
https://search.creativecommons.
org/photos/d509277b-ae9f-4fdf-89ca-24115df912c6)
Mass Media and Media Effects

Mass Media Refers to the various ways, especially television, radio,
newspapers, and magazines, by which information and news
are given to large numbers of people.
(Source:https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mass-media)
Media Effects Are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass
media does?
(Denis McQuail, 2010)
Media Effects
Third – party Theory
People think they are more immune to

media influence than others. Behavioral
hypothesis predicts that third-person
perception (i.e., seeing others as more
influenced) will lead to support for
restrictions on media messages.
Source: superk8nyc,
https://search.creativecommons.
org/photos/77dd5caf-ab32-4dfa-8aca-71c56715dade
Reciprocal Effect
When a person or event gets media

attention, it influences the way the person
acts or the way the event functions.
Mixer, https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/
c2ca765b-46f5-48bc-8c08-5b4cc2628b6c
Boomerang Effect
Refers to media-induced change that is

counter to the desired change.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V78_
D198_Boomerang_effect_caused_by_extreme_
arcing.png
Cultivation Theory
(George Gerbner)
It state media exposure, specifically to

television, shapes our social reality by
giving us a distorted view on the amount of
violence and risk in the world
rawpixel.com/ https://www.freepik.com/free-
vector/character-illustration-people-with-analog-
tv-icons_3425182.htm#query=Watching%20
Television&position=25
Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)
Process whereby the mass media determine

what we think and worry about.
Macrovector/ https://www.freepik.com/
free-vector/media-flat-set_2868633.
htm#page=1&query=Media&position=
2
Propaganda
Ideas or statements that
are often false or exaggerated
and that are spread in order to
help a cause, a political leader, a
government, etc.
(http://www.merriamwebster.com/
dictionary/propaganda)
Source:https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/a2052497-
0af1-4b77-915b-70f6ffd4d016
Be Aware of Propaganda
• Propaganda manipulates
and diverts you from logical
analysis of issues.
• Propaganda hides the
truth.
• By understanding
propaganda, you will
be able to protect
yourself from deceitful
tactics.
How to Spot a Propaganda

Propaganda…
• Distorts and
oversimplify evidence
• Shows internal
inconsistency
after examining
facts.
Source: https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11174
What’s More
Activity 3: Types of Media

Direction: Key Type. Write “P” for print media, “B” for broadcast media, “F” for film, and
“N” for new media.
1. ABS- CBN TV Patrol aired on channel 2
2. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection
3. Promotional poster uploaded in Facebook
4. Media and Information Literacy textbook
5. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chain smokers in Spotify
6. 24- Oras news program uploaded on YouTube
7. One Punch-man manga uploaded in My Manga website
8. Jason Bourne movie shown in theaters
9. Philippine Daily Inquirer news paper
10. 7 Years by Lukas Graham played on 90.7 Love Radio

Guide Questions:
1. What symbolisms are

used in this Picture?
2. What is the message of

this Picture?
* Please see the

Picture Analysis
Rubric on the next
page
Source: Max , Muselmann, https://unsplash.com/

photos/9NXdr0gDKgw
Category 4 3 2 1
the photo.

weak.
What I Have Learned
Activity 5: Character Analysis

How is this person portrayed in public by different types of media?
Adapted from teaching guide by CHED to DepEd, pp.22. (Teaching Guide for SHS)
Guide Questions:
1. What do these two personalities have a common?
2. How did they become the “Queen of All Media?
What I Can Do
1. Write an essay about your analysis and evaluation of the effects of media to the
Filipino youth.
2. Your essay must have a title, an introduction, a body paragraph (1 main argument
with 2 examples), and a conclusion. Not less than 12 sentences
Needs
Very Good Good Poor
Improvement
5 4 2
0
INTRODUCTION Well-developed Introductory Introduction Introduction

Background/ introductory paragraph does not was not
Define the paragraph contains some adequately presented.
Problem contains detailed background explain the
background information background of
information, a and states the problem.
clear explanation the problem, The problem
or definition of but does not is stated, but
the problem. explain using lacks detail.
details.
BODY Argument is Argument was Argument was Argument

PARAGRAPHS well developed presented presented but was not
with supporting with some lacks examples. presented.
Main Argument
examples. supporting
examples.
CONCLUSION Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion was Conclusion

was presented. was presented presented but was not
Opinions and with some no suggestions presented.
suggestions suggestions for change and/
for change are for change are or opinions are
logical and well evident. included.
thought out.
Lesson
Media and Information
3 Sources
What’s In
Activity 1: Arrange Me
In the previous module, we learned about mass media and media effects. Mass
media talks about sharing relevant information to a large number of audience through
several ways and platforms.
Below is a list of Media types. Arrange the scrambled letters to identify the correct
media types. Write your answer on the spaces provided.
1. AEIMCN -
2. EDVIO ESGMA -
3. WNE AIDME -
4. NTPRT EIDAM -
5. TBRAOADCS DEIAM -
What’s New
Activity 2: Unlocking Difficulties
“A LIBRARY IS NOT A LUXURY BUT ONE OF THE NECESSITIES OF LIFE.”

---By Henry Ward Beecher----
Guide Questions:
1. What is the message?
2. Do you agree with the message? Why or Why not?

What Is It
Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences,
books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and
the type of information you need will change depending on the question you are trying to
answer. Look at the following sources of information. Notice the similarities between them.
Source: VirginiaTech Library (http://ufh.za.libguides.com/c.php?g=91523&p=590868)
Library
A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books,
manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale.
(Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/library)
Modern Library Interiors - Decoration Ideas in 2016

Source: http://mostpp.org/modern-library-interiors-2/
Indigenous Knowledge
Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. IK contrasts with the
international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private
firms. (Warren 1991)
This would include as follows:
• local knowledge
• knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society
• owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to
develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages
understood by the community
Characteristics of Indigenous Knowledge

• oral tradition of communication
• store information in memories
• information exchange is face to face
• information is contained within the border of the community
Types of Information
Source: http://iupui.campusguides.com/c.php?g=583319&p=4027829
Books
Cover virtually any topic, fact or
fiction Useful for the complete background
on an issue or an in-depth analysis of a
theory or person. Can take years to
publish, so may not always include the
most current information
Source: Daria, Nepriakhina, https://unsplash.com/
photos/xY55bL5mZAM
Reference Books
Include facts, figures, addresses,
statistics, definitions, dates, etc. Useful for
finding factual or statistical information or
for a brief overview of a particular topic.
Examples: dictionaries,
encyclopedias, directories
Source: James L.W, https://unsplash.com/photos/
o3sl4dhYhZE
Newspapers (News Resource)

Provides very current information
about events, people, or places at the time
they are published. Useful for information
on current events or to track the
development of a story as it unfolds.
Examples: The New York Times, manila
bulletin, Philippine Star, Daily Inquirer
Source: Rishabh , Sharma ,

https://unsplash.com/ photos/R-js25Pv1LQ
Magazines
Include articles on diverse topics of
popular interest and current events. Articles
typically written by journalists or
professional writers Geared toward the
general public.
Examples: Time, Newsweek, National
Geographic
Source: Charisse ,Kenion , https://unsplash.com/photos/
cJkVMAKDYl0
Academic Journals
Include articles written by and for
specialists/experts in a particular field
.Articles must go through a peer review
process before they’re accepted for
publication. Articles tend to have a
narrower focus and more analysis of the
topic than those in other types of
publications. Include cited references or
footnotes at the end of research articles.
Examples: Journal of Communication, The
Historian, Journal of the American Medical
Association
Source: Charisse ,Kenion , https://unsplash.com/photos/
cJkVMAKDYl0
Internet
An electronic communications
network that connects computer networks
and organizational computer facilities
around the world.
(Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/
dictionary/Internet)
The Internet is by far the most

popular source of information and the
preferred choice for news ahead of
television, newspapers and radio,
according to a new poll in the United
States.
(Source: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-media-
internet-life/internet-most-popular-information-source-
poll-idUSTRE55G4XA20090617)
Examples: Google.com. Facebook.com Source: Leon, Seibert , https://unsplash.com/

photos/2m71l9fA6mg
Evaluating Information
by Eastern Kentucky University Libraries based on the work of Paul and Elder
5
What’s More
Guide Questions:
1. What is a library?
2. Why do you think every school has

a library?
Source: ?
Category 4 3 2 1
the photo.

weak.
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Answer Me
1. What are the different types of media that can be used as a source of information?
2. How can you evaluate or measure information quality?
What I Can Do
Instructions:
1. Interview two elders coming from two families. Ask about cultural beliefs or practices
in the community valued by the elders. Identify and gather information to at least two
cultural beliefs or practices.
2. Encode the information on a short bond paper, identify the source of information.
3. Interview your guardian or one of your direct family and find out if these cultural
beliefs or practices are still known and being valued by their generation. (Example 3
out of 10…)
Rubric 5 4 3 2
Preparation Before the Before the interview, Before the The student did
interview, the the student prepared interview, the not prepare any
student prepared a couple of in-depth student prepared questions before
several questions and several several factual the interview.
in-depth AND factual factual questions to questions to ask.
questions to ask. ask.
Politeness Student never Student rarely Student rarely Several times,
interrupted or interrupted or hurried interrupted or the student
*Please hurried the person the person being hurried the person interrupted or
keep in being interviewed interviewed and being interviewed, hurried the
mind while and thanked them thanked them for but forgot to thank person being
interviewing for being willing to being willing to be the person. interviewed AND
be interviewed. interviewed. forgot to thank
the person.
Formatting The student edited The student edited The student edited The student
and Editing and organized and organized and organized the did NOT edit
the transcript in a the transcript in a transcript but the or organize the
way that made the way that made the information was transcript.
information clear information clear. not as clear or as
and interesting. interesting as it
could have been.
Knowledge Student can Student can Student can Student cannot
Gained accurately answer accurately answer a accurately answer accurately
several questions few questions about a few questions answer questions
about the person the person who was about the about the
who was interviewed interviewed and can person who was person who was
and can tell how this tell how this interview interviewed. interviewed.
interview relates to relates to the material
the material being being studied in
studied in class. class.
Summary
Lesson 1: Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media
PREHISTORIC INDUSTRIAL AGE ELECTRONIC AGE NEW AGE

AGE (1700s-1930s) (1930 - 1980) (present)
(Before 1700s)
Traditional Media New Media

• Media experience is limited. • Media experience is more
• One – directional. interactive.
• Sense receptors used are very • Audiences are more involved
• Specific (i.e. print media – sense and can send feedback
of sight , radio- sense of hearing, simultaneously.
TV and Film- sight and hearing. • Integrates all the aspects of old
media.
Media and Government

Normative Theories of the Press
Authoritarian Soviet Media
All forms of communications are under Theory says the state have absolute
the control of the governing elite or power to control any media for the
authorities or influential bureaucrats. benefits of people.
Libetarian Social Responsibility
Liberalism means information is Allows free press without any
knowledge and knowledge is power. censorship but at the same time
Libertarianism is free from any the content of the press should be
authority or any control or censorship. discussed in public panel and media
The libertarianism is an idea of should accept any obligation from
individualism and limited government public interference or professional self-
which is not harmful to another. regulations or both.
Functions of Communication and Media

Channel for advocation
Opinion
Monitoring: Information and watchdog of journalism
Lesson 2: Types of Media
Types of Media Media and Media Effects

• Print Media • Third – party Theory
• Broadcast Media • Reciprocal Effect
• Film/Cinema • Boomerang Effect
• Video Games (Digital Games • Cultivation Theory
• New Media (George Gerbner)
• Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)
Fakes News and Propaganda
Source: 1174
Lesson 3: Types of Information Sources
Source: http://iupui.campusguides.com/c.php?g=583319&p=4027829
Evaluating Information
by Eastern Kentucky University Libraries based on the work of Paul and Elder
1
5
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer from
among the given choices.
1. What year were online social networking websites were introduce in the internet?
A. 2000 B. 1995
C. 2004 D. 2020
2. In the evolution of Electronic Age, what year is being started and
introduce? A. 1930–1980 B. 1995-2000
C. 2001- 2005 D. All of the above
3. Before 1700s or during the Prehistoric age, what was there way of communication as
they’re painting in the wall as they will represent dancing and hunting people?
A. Cave painting B. Email
C. Mobile phone D. All of the above
4. In the aspect of media and government under the normative theories of the press,
what theory that describe that all forms of communications are under the control of
the governing elite.
A. Social responsibility B. Authoritarian
C. Libertarian D. All of the above
5. What type of media is Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper?
A. Print media B. Broadcast media
C. Film D. New media
6. GMA 24 Oras aired on channel 7?
A. Broadcast media B. Print media
C. New media D. All of the above
7. A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials can be found that are
kept for use.
A. Internet B. Library
C. Indigenous knowledge D. None of the above
8. Types of information, provide very current information about event, people, or places
as the time they are published.
A. Newspaper B. Magazines
C. Books D. All of the above
9. An electronic communications network that connect computer networks and
organizational computer facilities around the world.
A. Book B. Magazines
C. Internet D. None of the above
10. Ways to consider in evaluating information EXCEPT.
A. Accuracy B. Fairness
C. Relevance D. Copying
Pre-Test Lesson 1
Activity 1: Circle Venn diagram
1. A 1. What is Media Literacy

2. A
The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce
3. A communication in a variety of media forms.
4. B
2. Information Literacy
5. A
The ability to recognize when information is needed and to
6. A
locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate
7. B information in its various formats.
8. A
3. Technology (Digital) Literacy
9. C
The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or
10. D
networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information.
4. What are the similarities and differences of media literacy,
information literacy, and technology literacy?
Media Literacy and information Literacy are the ability to
comprehend and to find the reliable sources by any means
looking to it such Books, Magazines, Articles and Internet.
Lesson 1
Activity 2: Throwback
Processed Questions
1. If the Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean, how did the news reach the people in
England and New York at that time?
Old Radio communication
2. If the Titanic sank today, in what format will people receive or read the news?
Mobile Phones, Facebook, Twitter
Lesson 1
What’s More
Ages What devices did What devices did What devices did people
people use to people use to use to share or broadcast
communicate with store information? information?
each other
Prehistoric Smoke, Fire, Traditional Paper and Traditional Paper and
Age Traditional Paper Writing Materials Writing Materials
and Writing
Cave Writings Cave Writings
Materials
Industrial Paper and Pen Printing press or books Printing press or books
Age
Type Writer
Electronic Telegraph Printing press or books
Age Printing press or books
Telegram Computers
Computers
Telephone Radio
Computers
New Personal Printing press or books Printing press or books
(Digital) computers Digital books Television
Age
Mobile phones Personal computers Radio
Smart phones Mobile phones
Digital books
Wearable technology Smart phones
Websites
Social Media Wearable
Personal computers
technology Social
Mobile phones
Media
Smart phones
Wearable technology
Social Media
Lesson 1
1. What is the picture all about?
Expression of freedom for peacefully assemble against the government
2. Why do you think these people participated in this event?
Against the new law being implemented
3. If given the chance, will you join this rally? Why or why not?
No, because the government has really doing their best for all the Filipino people
and their constituents.
Lesson 1
Activity 5: Function of Media and Government
What I Have Learned
Normative Media Control Functions of Media

theories of
the press
Authoritarian Authorities Instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in

or influential the country rather than any threats.
bureaucrats.
Soviet Media Government Provide positive thoughts to create a strong

or Leader of socialized society as well as providing
the Nation. information, education, entertainment,
motivation and mobilization.
Libertarian Fully free Reveal the real thing happening in the

without any society without any censorship or any
intervention authority blockades.
of any
authority or
government.
Social Free The total news is complete facts and

Responsibility truthful but the commission of the freedom
press stated that “No longer giving facts
truthfully rather than give a necessary
analyzed or interpretative report on facts
with clear explanations”.
Lesson 2
Activity 1: Analyzing Infographics
What’s In
1. What information is show in the infographics?
About the number of media practitioners who were killed in the Philippines.
2. What is the implication of media killings in the Philippines?
Media killings slowly kills democracy
3. Do you agree that media killings is a danger to Philippine democracy? Why? Why
not?
Yes, because it takes out the freedom of the people to speak and express their
thoughts and feelings about societal issues.
Lesson 2
Activity 2: Photo Analysis
What’s New
1. Media: any means of communication

2. Broadcast media
Lesson 2 Lesson 2
Activity 3: Types of Media Activity 4: Picture Analysis
What’s More
1. The blind fold symbolize not being able to see
1. B the truth.
2. P 2. The burnt newspaper symbolizes unreliable
3. N information.
4. P
5. N
6. N Lesson 2
7. N Activity 5: Character Analysis
8. F What I have learned
9. P
10. B 1. They are both called “Queen of All Media”
2. They are both featured in print, broadcast
and new media.
Lesson 3 Lesson 3
Activity 1: Arrange Me Activity 2: Unlock the Meaning
What’s In What I have learned
1. Cinema 1. Knowledge is vital because in a world that

full of information we should keep ourselves
2. Video Games
updated that is why learning is not just a
3. New Media luxury but a necessity.
4. Print Media 2. Yes, because knowledge create
5. Broadcast Media opportunities and bridges information gap.
Lesson 3
1. A Library is a place
where books and
other sources of
information are found.
2. Because students need
books to learn more.
Lesson 3 Post-Test
Activity 4: Answer Me
1. A
1. Books,
Magazine, 2. A
Newspaper and 3. A
other printed 4. B
materials.
5. A
2. Assessing and 6. A
evaluating
7. B
the source
of 8. A
information if it is 9. C
reliable and valid. 10. D
Glossary
NEW MEDIA – forms of communication in the digital world.
BROADCAST MEDIA - describes the traditional forms of media that

include television and radio.
MEDIA CONVERGENCE – Merging of previous distinct media technologies and

media forms due to digitization and computer networking.
MASS MEDIA – Refers to the various ways, especially television,

radio, Newspapers, and magazines.
MEDIA EFFECTS – Are the intended or unintended consequence of what the

mass media does.
References
Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd
Communicationtheory.Org,”Communication Theory.”Accessed January 13,2020,
https://www.communicationtheory.org/list-of-theories/
Tan, Lara.”Duterte blames corrupt journalism for media killings”.Accessed January
14,2020, https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/06/01/Media-killings-journalists-
Duterte-Philippines.html
Khan. R. (2006). “The Evolution of Traditional to New Media (Lec). Accessed January
14,2020. http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/teaching_guides/view/229
Syping, Ralph. “The Evolution of Traditional to New Media”. Accessed January 14,
2020. https://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/869769/The-Evolution-of-Traditional-
to-New-Media/
Khan Academy. “ Cunieform”. Accessed at January 17, 2020,
https://www.khanacademy. org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/ancient-near-
east1/the-ancient-near-east- an-introduction/a/cuneiform
Oldest.Org.” Oldest Cave Paintings in the World”. Accessed at January 17, 2020,
http:// www.oldest.org/artliterature/cave-paintings/
Jimmy Stamp. “How the Telegraph Went From Semaphore to Communication Game
Changer”. Accessed at January 17, 2020, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/ arts-
culture/how-the-telegraph-went-from-semaphore-to-communication-game-
changer-1403433/
Sutori. “The Evolution of Traditional to New Media” Accessed at January 17 ,2020,
https://www.sutori.com/item/typewriter-1800-a-typewriter-is-a-mechanical-or-
electromechanical-machine-for
Weebly. “ American Entertainment”. Accessed at January 17 , 2020, https://
americanentertainments.weebly.com/1941-1950.html
Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D.”The Marxist-Leninist Theory of History”. Accessed at January 17
,2020, https://www.friesian.com/marx.htm
Encyclopedia Britannica” Stalinism”. Accessed at January 17, 2020, https://www.
britannica.com/topic/Stalinism
BBAMANTRA. “ Media-Types of Media, Characteristics, advantages and
disadvantages. Accessed at January 17,2020, https://bbamantra.com/media-types-
characteristics/
MentalHelp.net.”Types of Media”.Accessed at January 17,2020. https://www.
mentalhelp.net/internet/types-of-media/
Wendy, Gooseberry. “What are the Different Types of Media”. Accessed at January
17,2020, https://whatagraph.com/blog/articles/different-types-of-media
OpenPR Worldwide Public Relations. “Broadcast Media definitions” Accessed at
January 17, 2020, https://www.openpr.com/wiki/broadcast-media
University of Fort Hare.”Information Literacy Guide: Types of Information Sources”.
Accessed at January 17,2020,
http://ufh.za.libguides.com/c.php?g=91523&p=590868
DS, Mirasol. “Media and Information Sources”. Accessed at January 17, 2020,
http://shsmil.blogspot.com/2018/06/media-and-information-sources.html
38
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of learning Resources

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail address: region10@deped.gov.ph
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Media and Information Literacy

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Printed in the Philippines by

Media and Information

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

What This Module is About.................................................................................................I

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Icons of this Module

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

2. In the evolution of Electronic Age, what year is being started and

5. What type of media is Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper?

6. GMA 24 Oras aired on channel 7?

9. An electronic communications network that connect computer networks and

10. Ways to consider in evaluating information EXCEPT.

Activity 1: Venn Diagram

2. What is Information Literacy?

3. What is Technology (Digital) Literacy?

Early Writing Tablet recording the allocation of beer, 3100-3000 B.C.E,

applicationof the new

Transistor Radio (1954)

The Difference Between Traditional Media and New Media

Media and Government

SOVIET MEDIA THEORY

Marxist Theory and Leninist Theory

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Social Responsibility Theory

Watch Dog Role of Journalism

Channel for advocacy for political viewpoints

New (Digital) Age

2. Why do you think these people

3. If given the chance, will you join this

Image source: VladTchompalov, https://unsplash.com/

Picture Analysis Rubric

Thinking/ Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and

Activity 5: Function of Media and Government

Category Excellent (4) Acceptable (3) Minimal (2) Unacceptable (1)

Activity 1: Analyzing Infographics

2. What is the implication of media killings in the Philippines?

Activity 2: Photo Analysis

Media is the term we use to

Newspapers. Printed and Magazines. Printed on a Books. Focused on

Mass Media and Media Effects

People think they are more immune to

When a person or event gets media

Refers to media-induced change that is

It state media exposure, specifically to

Process whereby the mass media determine

How to Spot a Propaganda

Activity 3: Types of Media

Activity 4: Picture Analysis

1. What symbolisms are

2. What is the message of

* Please see the

Source: Max , Muselmann, https://unsplash.com/