Graph:

A.) Dipoles of Unlike Charges.

DIPOLES OF UNLIKE CHARGES

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

15

10

0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

-5

-10

-15

B.) Point Source and Guard Ring.

Point Source and Guard Ring

20

15

10

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
-5

-10

-15
Guide Question:
1.) Is it possible for equipotential lines to intersect each other? Justify your answer.
- It is not possible for the equipotential lines to intersect each other. It is due to the law of
conservation of charge which states that “electric charge can neither be created nor
destroyed. The net quantity of electric charge, the amount of positive charge minus the
amount of negative charge in the universe, is always conserved.” In which they must trade
their charge to attain a new one. They don’t intersect because there is a difference between
the electrical field energy in the area.

2.) Refer to your electric field pattern and affirm what relationship is observed between the
regions of close spacing of the lines of force and the regions of close spacing of the
equipotential lines.
- The direction of the electric field is always perpendicular to its line of action. Since
equipotential lines are constant height, moving along in line at all do not achieve the
objective of the body. Work done on an object changes its potential, so it can take no work
to move along the electric field. The electric field magnitude to the spacing of field lines is
always perpendicular to each other. The spacing of the field lines and the electric field
magnitude is directly proportional to each other.

3.) What relation can be derived between the distance of the equipotential line to the center
of the point source?
- The distances of the equipotential lines are proportional to its distance to the point source.
The closer the equipotential lines are to the source, the closer they are to each other.

4.) Draw and label the electric field between two positively charged bodies.
Error Analysis:
Even though the activity doesn’t require a percentage error since it doesn’t have values to
compare with, it doesn’t mean that all we did during the experiment were all correct. Base from my
observation during the experiment, committing an error is prone due to defective digital multimeter.
In addition to, following the instruction being told by the professor is critical in order to attain
precision and accuracy and to finish ahead of time.

Analysis:
The experiment 305 is all about electric fields and equipotential lines which is time
consuming and need a lot of focus to attain good results. With the use of digital multimeter, we
mapped the equipotential lines on the given conductive paper and carefully analyzed what is electric
fields truly is.
From the experiment we’ve conducted, it almost took the full period of the laboratory before
we finish. Mapping using the multi-meter gave us a hard time due to its nature that gave numbers
which are not constant. The perception of electric fields by vibrating body hair, spark discharges and
current discharges as well as the perception of magnetic fields by visual flicker manifestations is
occasionally felt as a burden and impediment of the general feeling of wellbeing. Conducting the
experiment gave us a hard time because a minimal movement using the digital multi-meter will give
a big change on the reading, so we’re slow and careful in getting the data.

Conclusion:
Electric field is the measure of particle’s ability to attract or repel other charged particles.
Electric force of attraction or repulsion between two particles is the consequence of electric field of
each particle. Meaning, whether a particle is near other particles or not its electric field is still present.
Equipotential lines are like parallel lines. It would and will never meet or intersect due to the
conservation of charge which is the principle is the same as conservation of energy which states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form.
During the second experiment, we’ve able to produce a circle in our conductive paper which
means that the electric lines are trapped inside the guard ring. With this, we can assume that as we
increase the distance from point source, the voltage decreases. Base from my observation,
equipotential lines generated are proportional in tenacity with respect to their distances from the point
source. We can assume that tenacity of the electric charge is proportional to its distance. The longer
the distance being travelled, we can say that it is a high tenacity. Also, it is observed that the potential
difference along an equipotential line is zero because the force component is zero. For a dipole, the
potential difference of a positive test charge is at maximum at the end of the electric field line which
is positive charge. The small movement of the tester on the conductive paper will have a big
movement on the reading of multi-meter made the experiment slower and difficult. As a
recommendation, one must have a complete focus on the experiment because any small movement
may cause a lot of changes in the reading. In addition, always ask the professor about your work for
you group and the teacher would be on the same page.

Application:
I as a computer engineer the application that can I apply for E305 laboratory is about the
Static electric fields of TV sets and computer screens. Computer screens and television sets work on
similar principles. Both produce static electric fields and alternating electric and magnetic fields at
various frequencies. However, screens with liquid crystal displays used in some laptop computers
and desktop units do not give rise to significant electric and magnetic fields. Modern computers
have conductive screens which reduce the static field from the screen to a level like that of the
normal background in the home or workplace. At the position of operators (30 to 50 cm from the
screen), alternating magnetic fields are typically below 0.7 µT in flux density (at power
frequencies). Alternating electric field strengths at operator positions range from below 1 V/m up to
10 V/m."

Reference:
https://www.greenfacts.org/en/static-fields/toolboxes/vdu-footnote.htm