PDF Science8 q1 Mod3 Potential and Kinetic Energy Final07282020 Compress

8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module
Module 3:
Potential Energy
and Kinetic Energy
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Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Energy
First Edition, 2020
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Science
Quarter 1 – Module
Module 3:
Potential
and KineticEnergy
Energy
Energy

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 8 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy!
Energy!
This module was collaboratively

collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Science 8 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy!
Energy!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has

has the following
following parts and
and corresponding
corresponding icons:
icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or
o r review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
This website stores data such as story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
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What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
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What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following
following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before
before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master potential and kinetic energy. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module contains:

contains:
 Lesson 1
1 –
– Potential
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.
(MELC Week 2-3)

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What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. An object from a certain height falls freely. Which of the following happens to PE
and KE when the object is half on its way down?
A. loses PE and gains KE
B. gains PE and loses KE
C. loses both PE and KE
D. gains both PE and KE
2. How do you compare the PE of the moving object at the highest point compared
to its KE?
A.PE is greater than KE
B. PE is equal to KE
C. PE is lesser than KE
D.KE is greater than PE
3. Which of the following quantities has the greatest influence on the amount of
kinetic energy of a car while traveling on a highway?
A. mass
B. size
C. speed
D. weight
4. Which of the following pair of quantities are the factors that affect kinetic
energy?
A. force and distance
B. mass and height
C. mass and speed
D. time and height
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For Questions 5-6. Refer to the illustration below.
5. Which point has increasing kinetic energy?

A. Point C
B. Point B
C. Point A
D. Point A & C
6. Which point has the greatest potential energy?

A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point A & C
7. Which of the following statements

statements is TRUE about potential energy?
A. It is dependent on the speed of an object.
o bject.
B. It does not depend on the mass of the object.
C. It does not depend on the strength of gravity.
D. It is affected by the mass and location of an object with respect to the
ground.
8.
Which of the following does not affect the amount of potential energy of an
object?
A. mass
B. speed
C. height or location
D. strength of gravity
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9. The following applies the concept of potential energy EXCEPT:

A. water in a dam
B. a person playing the guitar
C. a rock sitting at the edge of a cliff
D. tree branches high up in a tree
10. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if its speed is doubled?
A. twice as much
much
B. thrice as much
C. increases four times
D. decreases four times

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4
Lesson
Potential Energy and
1 Kinetic Energy
The word energy is used very often in our daily life. In science, there are
many forms of energy however; this module shall only focus on Potential Energy
and Kinetic Energy.
Energy.
What’s In
Energy: The ability to do work
Let us consider the following situations: A fast-moving softball hit a

stationary, open door which caused it to move. An object lifted to a certain height
using a rope, elevated the object from the ground. A hammer struck on a nail that
was placed on a piece of wood, pushed the nail into the wood. A toy car ’s key was
twisted, placed on the floor and started to move. In all these situations, forces
acting on the objects are doing work.
An object requires energy to do work. Consider two objects A and B that are
about to interact with each other. When object A is pushed, an applied force is
doing work on it. Object A possesses kinetic energy while moving towards a
stationary object B. In this situation, object A loses energy while object B gains
energy. When this happens, energy is transferred from object A to object B. This
indicates that any object that has energy can do work.

Energy
cookies to enable essential is the ability or capacity to do work. Its unit is the same as the unit
site
functionality,ofaswork,
well as expressed
marketing, in joule (J) in the SI system. One (1) J is the energy needed to
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accomplish oneYou(1) joule of work. A larger unit of energy called kilojoule (kJ) is
sometimes used. One (1) kJ is equal to1000 J.
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What’s New
Activity 1. Energy Crossword Puzzle
Objective:: Familiarize the words that are associated to the concept of energy.
Objective
Complete the crossword puzzle below.
Across: Down:
1. The product of force and 2. _________ energy

energy is associated
associated
4. displacement
displacemen
__________ tisisthe
__________.
unit of with motion.
3. The total __________
__________ energy is
energy in SI system. the sum of kinetic and
6. __________ energy is stored potential energy.
due
functionality, as well as to the object ’s position.
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personalization, and analytics. You __________.
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What is It
Potential Energy
In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting the box is doing
work on it.
Figure 1. A man lifting a box
Source: Pia C. Campo, et. Al., A man lifting a box, Science 8 Learner’s Material, Philippines, FEP
Printing Corporation, 2016
Which or who is doing work in Figure 1? Is it the table, the box, or the man?
Yes, you are correct! The man is doing work on the box. Specifically, the force he
applied while lifting is doing work on the box. What is the direction of the force
exerted by the man on the box? What is the direction of the motion of the box? Yes,
both are directed upward. Work, as discussed earlier, is a way to transmit energy.
Hence, when the man exerted force in lifting
li fting the box, he loses energy. Work is done
on the box, and the box gains energy.
You have learned that force of gravity is the force exerted by the Earth on all
things. It is always directed downward or towards the center of the Earth.
Consequently, when an object is raised from the Earth, the force exerted in lifting
the object is equal to its
i ts weight,
cookies to enable essential site F = Weight = mg
The work donedone in lifting the object is:
W = Fd
Privacy Policy where, the displacement (d) is the height (h) the object is raised. Thus, the
work done in lifting the object against the gravitational force is given by
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W=mgh
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The work performed in lifting an object is equals to the potential energy the
object gains. An object absorbs energy when lifted from the ground and when
allowed to fall, it loses energy. The energy that the body gains or llosses
osses with respect
to its position is called potential energy (PE) and is given by
PE=mgh
where: PE is
is the potential energy in joules (J);
m is
is the object's mass in kilograms (kg);
g is
is the acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s²; and
h is the height of the object from the reference point (e.g., ground) in
meters (m).
(m).
Kinetic Energy
What is common in the following situations? A running athlete on the track,

a flowing water on the ground, a falling coconut from its tree, a rolling rock on the
seashore, and a soaring airplane into the air. They are all moving and are acted
upon by forces.
forces. Any object that
that moves possesses
possesses energ
energyy and can do work.
work. An
object that moves quicker can do more work than an identical object that moves
slowly. How much energy does a moving object possess? We say that the kinetic
energy of an object moving at a certain speed is equal to the work done to make it
acquire that speed.
The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy

(KE). The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which
which means moving.
Kinetic energy measures the amount of work the object can do because of its
motion.
This can be
be computed using
using the formula:
formula:
KE = ½ mv²
cookies to enable essential
where:site KE is
is the kinetic energy in joule (J),
personalization, and analytics. You m is
is the object's mass in kilogram (kg), and
v is
is the object's speed in meter per second (m/s).
Privacy Policy From the formula, the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and
speed. What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the speed
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remains the same? The KE of an object is also doubled. How about if the speed is
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doubled but the mass remains the same? The KE of an object increases four
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times.This means that t he greater the mass, the greater the kinetic energy; and the
faster the speed the higher the kinetic energy as well.
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8
What’s More
Activity 2. Kinetic Energy
Objective::
Objective
After performing this activity, you should be able to investigate that
increasing or reducing the mass and/or speed affect/s the kinetic energy of the
object. The situations and explanations below are introduced to guide and help you
answer the questions that follow.
Situation A:
A: Two vehicles of different mass moving at same speed.
The kinetic energy of a 10,000-kg
vehicle
kinetic isenergy
twice as
of much as the
a 5,000-kg
vehicle when both are travelling at
the same speed.
Why is this so?
The 10,000-kg vehicle has twice

as much the mass of the 5,000-kg
car. Since they are travelling at
the same speed, using the
formula of kinetic energy,
KE = ½mv²
= ½(2m)v²
Therefore, KE = 2(½mv²). The

This website stores data such as kinetic energy is doubled.
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Situation B: Two
B: Two vehicles of the same
same mass moving
moving at different
different speed.
The kinetic energy of a car

travelling at 10 m/s is four times
the kinetic energy of a car
travelling at 5 ms/s.
Why is this so?
Car travelling at 10 m/s has twice

as much the speed of the other
car. Since the mass is the same
for both vehicles, using the
formula of kinetic energy.
KE = ½ mv²
= ½ m(2v)²
= ½ m (4v²)
Therefore, KE = 4(½mv²). The

kinetic energy is increased four
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Procedures:
1. Complete the table below. Refer to the situations and explanations above to
guide and help you determine what happens to kinetic energy of an object
when either mass or speed is changed. Use directly the formula of kinetic
energy, KE=½mv².
KE=½mv². Number 1 is done for you.
Table 1. Effects of mass and speed to kinetic energy
Kinetic Energy (KE) Mass Speed

1. doubled doubled constant
This website stores2. data such as constant tripled
3.
doubled doubled
4. analytics. You
personalization, and reduced to ½ reduced to ½
may change your5. settings
at any time tripled tripled
6. reduced to ½ doubled
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1. Which of the numbers above is KE largest? ___________________
___________________
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2. Which of the numbers above is KE smallest? ___________________
___________________
Save
3. Rank the KE of the numbers above from smallest to largest. _______________
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_________________
__
10
Activity 3. Potential Energy
Objective::
Objective
After performing this activity, you should be able to investigate that

increasing or reducing the mass and/or height affect/s the potential energy of the
object. The situations and explanations below are introduced to guide and help you
answer the questions that follow.
Situation A:
A: Two objects of different mass are situated at the same height.
The potential energy of 20-kg box

is twice as much as the potential
energy of a 10-kg box when both
boxes are of the same height from
the ground.
Why is this so?
The 20-kg box has twice as much

the mass of the 10-kg box. Since
they are of the

the ground, same
using theheight from
formula of
potential energy, PE = mgh
= (2m)gh
Therefore, PE = 2mgh. The

potential energy is doubled.
Situation B: Two
B: Two objects of the same mass are situated
situated at differ
different
ent height.
The potential energy of the box

that is 10 m from the ground is
twice as much the potential
energy of the box that is 5 m from
the ground when both boxes are
of the same mass.
cookies to enable essential site Why is this so?
personalization, and analytics. You The box that is 10 m from the
may change your settings at any time ground has twice as much height
or accept the default settings. of the other box. Since mass is the
same for both boxes, using the
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formula of potential energy,
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nt=
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Analytics 460da293277163ddce
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nt= 0515073_1280.png?attachme
ng?attachme Therefore, PE = 2mgh. The
potential energy is doubled.
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Procedure:
1. Complete the table below. Refer to the situations and explanations above to
guide and help you determine what happens to potential energy of an object
when either mass or height is changed given a constant value of acceleration
due to gravity, g = 9.8m/s². Use directly the formula of potential energy,
PE = mgh. Number 1 is done for you.
Table 2. Effects of mass and height to potential energy
Potential Energy (PE) Mass Height
1. doubled doubled constant
2. constant tripled
3. doubled doubled
4. reduced to ½ reduced to ½
5. tripled tripled
6. reduced to ½ doubled
Questions:
1. Which of the numbers above is PE largest? ___________________

___________________
2. Which of the numbers above is PE smallest? ___________________

___________________
3. Rank the PE of the numbers above from largest to smallest. __________________

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What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers to complete the statements. Write
your answers
answers on a separate
separate sheet of paper.
1. The ____________of
____________of the object increases when elevated
elevated from the
the ground to a
certain height.
2. An object's potential energy can be computed using the formula____________.
3. Any moving object possesses energy called ____________ and can be computed
using the formula ____________.
4. ____________ is the
the ability or capacity to do
do work.
5. When an object’ s speed doubles, its kinetic energy ____________.
6. When an object’ s mass doubles, its kinetic energy also ____________.
7. The more mass
mass an object has
has when lifted to a certain height,
height, the ____________
____________
potential energy.
What I Can Do
Activity 4: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Identify whether the objects in the given situations possess Potential Energy
or Kinetic Energy . Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
paper.
This website stores

1. data
Birdsuch as
flying
2. Log in a fireplace
3. Watermelon on a desk
may change your Car travelling
4.settings at any time on the highway
5. Car
sitting in a driveway
6. Bunch of coconut stick on a table
7. Ball bouncing on the floor
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8. Child jumping on his bed
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9. Child sleeping on the crib
10. Marble
Marble rolling down the ramp
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Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The following situations demonstrate potential energy EXCEPT:

A. a bullet fired from a gun
B. a child at the top of a slide
C. a car parked at the top of a hill
D. river water at the top of a waterfall
2. The potential energy is the energy an object has due to its __________.
A. mass
B. motion
C. position
D. weight
3. The following conditions exhibits kinetic energy EXCEPT:

A. water inside a glass
B. rolling stone from the hill
C. running athlete on the field
D. dancing kids in the living room of the house
4. Which of the following quantities, when doubled, has the greatest effect on the
amount of kinetic energy?
A. mass
B. size
C. speed
D. weight
5. If a green ball is higher from the ground than a yellow ball and both have the
This website stores
same data such as
mass, which ball has more potential energy?
A. green
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may change your settingsB. at yellow
any timeball
C. both has the same PE
D. both has the same KE
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6. Which of the following factors does not affect the amount of potential energy
energy of
an object?
A. gravity
B. height
C. mass
D. speed
7. Which happens to kinetic energy if mass is doubled?

A. doubled
B. the same
C. tripled
D. quadrupled
8. Potential energy is the energy of an object based on its ___________.

A. height and mass
B. mass and speed
C. speed and height
D. weight and speed
9. Where does a car on a hill have the greatest potential energy?

A. top of the hill
hill
B. bottom of the hill
C. halfway down the hill
D. it has the same potential energy at all points
10. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possessed due to its ___________.
A. mass
B. motion
C. position
D. weight

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Additional Activities
Activity 5:
5: More About PE and KE
KE
Given the pictures below, answer the corresponding questions that follow.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A ball bounces on the ground. At what

position (A, B, C ) does the ball have the
greatest potential energy? Kinetic
energy? Explain your answer.
Which bird on the wire has the more

potential energy? Prove your answer
using the formula of potential energy.
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Rubric for Scoring
This website storesPoints

data such as Description
functionality, as well as2marketing, Discussion is complete with no misconception.
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion is incomplete with minor misconception.
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0 No discussion
discussion
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Answer Key

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References
Books
Campo, Pia C., et.al.Science

et.al.Science Learner's Module 8.
8. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2016.
Website
“Kinetic and Potential Energy Activities”. Access May 28,

2020https://dcmp.org/guides/TID7457.pdf
2020 https://dcmp.org/guides/TID7457.pdf
“Work and Energy”. Access May 28,

2020http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iesc111.pdf
2020http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iesc111.pdf
“Kinetic and Potential Energy”. Access June 5, 2020

http://phasesofmatter.weebly.com/kinetic--potential-energy.html

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Republic Act 8293, section 176

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

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Welcome to the Science 8 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

This module was collaboratively

Notes to the Teacher

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

This module has

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

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What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

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What I Need to Know

This module contains:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

(MELC Week 2-3)

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For Questions 5-6. Refer to the illustration below.

5. Which point has increasing kinetic energy?

6. Which point has the greatest potential energy?

7. Which of the following statements

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9. The following applies the concept of potential energy EXCEPT:

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Energy: The ability to do work

Let us consider the following situations: A fast-moving softball hit a

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Activity 1. Energy Crossword Puzzle

Complete the crossword puzzle below.

1. The product of force and 2. _________ energy

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Figure 1. A man lifting a box

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What is common in the following situations? A running athlete on the track,

The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy

Activity 2. Kinetic Energy

The kinetic energy of a 10,000-kg

Why is this so?

The 10,000-kg vehicle has twice

Therefore, KE = 2(½mv²). The