PLACENTA

FETAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Respiratory System

2. Renal System
3. Gastrointestinal System
OUTLINE 4. Endocrine System
• Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) -
I. Umbilical Cord Maintain the corpus luteum to keep producing
II. Amniotic Fluid
estrogen and progesterone
III. Amniotic Membrane
IV. Placenta • Human Placental Lactogen/ Human Chronic
V. Fetal Development Somatomammotropin – Promotes mammary
gland necessary for lactation
• Estrogen - Promote the development of the
mammary gland.
UMBILICAL CORD • Progesterone/ Hormone of pregnancy -
• 21 inches long from the mother to the placenta Maintains the endometrium lining of the uterus to
• 2 arteries and 1 vein (AVA) hold the fetus inside.
• Wharton’s Jelly- White substance that protects the two
veins and the artery from any compression Additional notes:
• Transport oxygen, nutrient, minerals, and waste
products ➢ If the production of Progesterone is
less, thus, there is a tendency that the
AMNIOTIC FLUID fetus will draw out inside the mother’s
• 500-1000 ml inside the amniotic sac (BOW) womb especially if it is not full term.
• Produced by the amniotic membrane ➢ Helps in the contraction of the uterus
• Shields fetus from pressure or blow during labor and delivery
• Protects fetus from sudden change in temperature
• Aids in muscular development 5. Protective function - It inhibits the Passage of
• Aids in decent bacteria as well as the large molecule to the fetus.
• Protects umbilical cord from pressure Additional notes:
• Protects fetus from infection
➢ Teratogens - Toxic subs such as
ROH drugs, and certain placental
membrane and can cause severe
birth defects
➢ The critical time for brain
development 16 weeks of AOG.

FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Zygote (1st 14 Days)

Embryo - 1st 15 days

(3rd to 8th Week) - Major organs of the

Fig 1. Amniotic membrane embryo are formed during the first 8 weeks

Additional notes:

➢ The Pregnancy duration has a three Fetus

trimester that has 38 weeks or 266
days each. (8th week to birth)-The fetus has a sufficient
development inside the mother’s womb.

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 Additional notes:

➢ Abortion - The fetus is delivered

before 9 months or 20 to 22 weeks
➢ Preterm/ Premature Delivery - The
fetus is delivered in more than 20 to 22
weeks but less than 38 weeks. The
fetus is not fully developed

Different types of abortion

1. Spontaneous Abortion - Nothing is done to the
pregnant mother it just occurs naturally without any
artificial interferences that cause some fetal Fig 4. The two arteries and the vein inside the Wharton’s
abnormalities Jelly are visible and the formation of the fetus is improving in
2. Induced Abortion - Any abortion that are Cause by which its head is developing and some of its features are
some mechanical or artificial means to remove the already visible
baby and this is true to any unwanted pregnancy.
3. Therapeutic Abortion - This is performed by a
physician or a doctor as a form of treatment to the
mother

Fig 5. The external feature of the fetus is already in

position
Fig 2. Bean like Structure
• During this week the liver is already formed and is a
major site of RBC production but after the succeeding
months it is already the bone marrow that will produce
the RBC
• For 9-12 weeks there is already urine production

Fig 3. During the 4th week of the fetus, some organs are
forming and there is an increase in fetal size

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 • The baby produces Vernix carseosa (a white cheesy
like substance that is found all over the body to
maintain temp.)

Fig 6. Rapid Growth of the Fetus and has a coordinated

movement

• During this week external Reproduction is already

visible thus in this week we can already determine the
gender of the fetus
Fig 9. There is already weight gain in the fetus and the skin
becomes pinkish or reddish. Eye movement and growth of
fingernails happens in this week

Fig 7. There is already osification of the skeleton

Fig 10. During this time the lungs of the baby is starting to
produce surfactant/ lung surfactant (Substance that
decreases the surface tension of alveoli in the lungs which is
necessary for survival on the outside world)

• By this week the bone marrow will take over the

production of RBC/ Erethropoiesis (by the spleen)

Fig 8. During this week the Growth of the baby is slowing

down also in this week there is already quickening (1st
movement felt by the mother) as well as some fine hair called
lanugo (Fine hair that can be found all over the body except
palm, sole and lips)

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Fig 11. The baby already have capillary reflex to light Fig 13. Fullterm baby, the head and the body of the baby
is fully proportionate as well as its features.

• The weight of the baby should be 7.5 pounds which is

equal to 3000- 3800 grams and the legnth is about 45-
50 cm

Additional notes:

➢ if the baby is delivered during his

32 weeks it is called post term
baby
➢ The baby should be 40-42 weeks
inside the mother’s womb
➢ When the Placenta starts to
regress its function, the baby will
be delivered

Fig 12. The body of the fetus is already proporional to the

head and the subcutaous fats are already deposited in some
parts that helps to maintain the temp of the baby after birth
REFERENCES
Additional notes:
I. PowerPoint Presentation
➢ For 35 weeks, the baby’s hand is II. Notes from: Mrs. Atillo’s PPT
already strong for gripping and
has a strong orientation towards
light

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