Using Gauss Seidel method, find the bus voltage at the end of first iteration for the following

three-
bus system. Per unit values of line reactance is mentioned in Fig. 4.1. Neglect the resistance and line
charging. Assume initial voltages at all buses to be 1.0. Use the acceleration factor as 1.0. Assume
voltage limits as ±5%. The bus data is given in the table as given below:

Bus Specified P Injections Q (p.u.) Specified voltage (p.u.)

1 ------- ---------- 1.0
2 0.3 ---------- 1.0
3 -0.5 -0.2 ----------

z12=z23=z31=j0.1

(all values are in per unit and all angles re in degrees)

Step 1: Assemble Y bus

y12=y23=y31=1/j0.1=-j10

−𝑗20 𝑗10 𝑗10

𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 𝑗10 −𝑗20 𝑗10 ]
𝑗10 𝑗10 −𝑗20

Step 2: Identify the buses and initialise the unknown voltages and phase angles, if any

(𝑠𝑝)
Bus 1 : Slack Bus , 𝑉1 = 1.0 𝑝𝑢, 𝛿1 = 0

(𝑠𝑝)
Bus 2: PV bus : 𝑉2 = 1.0 𝑝𝑢, 𝑃2 = 0.3 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑉 𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝛿20 = 0, ,

Bus 3: PQ bus : 𝑃3 = −0.5, 𝑄3 = −0.2, 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑃𝑄 𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉30 = 1.0 𝑝𝑢, 𝛿30 = 0

(All the unknown voltages at various buses are taken a 1.0pu . This means flat voltage profile is
assumed for the network.

Step 3: Iteration count r=1

For Load bus (PQ bus) i=3

(𝑟+1) 1 ([𝑃3 − 𝑗𝑄3 )] (𝑟+1) (𝑟+1)

𝑉3 = [ ∗ − 𝑌31 𝑉1 − 𝑌32 𝑉2 ]
𝑌33 (𝑟)
(𝑉 )3

(𝑟+1) 1 ([𝑃3 − 𝑗𝑄3 )] (𝑠𝑝) (𝑠𝑝)

𝑉3 = [ − 𝑌31 𝑉1 − 𝑌32 𝑉2 ]
𝑌33 (𝑟) ∗
(𝑉 ) 3

(𝑟+1) 1 ([−0.5 + 𝑗0.2)]

𝑉3 = [ − (𝑗10)(1.0∠0) − (𝑗10)(1.0∠0)]
−𝑗20 (1.0 + 𝑗0.0)∗

(𝑟+1)
𝑉3 = 0.99 − 𝑗0.025 = 0.9903∠ − 1.447

Step 4: Calculate accelerated value of voltage

 (𝑟+1) (𝑟) (𝑟+1) (𝑟)
𝑉3 = 𝑉3 + 𝛼(𝑉3 − 𝑉3 )

(𝑟+1) (0) (0+1)

𝑉3 = 𝑉3 + 𝛼(𝑉3 − 𝑉30 )

(1)
𝑉3 = 1.0∠0 + 1.0(0.9903∠ − 1.447 − 1.0∠0) = 1.01 − 𝑗0.025 = 1.0103∠ − 1.418

Step 5: Check the limits of voltage magnitude (not given so ignore it)

(1)
For limits of ±5%, 𝑉3 = 1.0103 is within max limits (1.05 per unit)

Step 6: For PV bus i=2

𝑄2 = |𝑉2 |{|𝑉1||𝐺21|(sin(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 ) − |𝐵21|(cos(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉2 ||𝐵22 | + |𝑉3||𝐺23|(sin(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 )

− |𝐵23|(cos(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 )}