TABAMO, KEMUEL A. ENGR.

JOEVANNIE EMMANUEL LUMAGAS

BSCE – 3 OCTOBER 1, 2021

PLATE NO. 1: INTRODUCTION OF FLUID MECHANICS

1.) WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS?

 KINEMATIC PROPERTIES – These properties help in understanding the fluid motion.
Examples;
 VELOCITY
 ACCELERATION

 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES – These properties help in understanding the thermodynamic

state of the fluid.
 Examples;
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑠
a. DENSITY - ρ =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑠

b. TEMPERATURE - Kelvin or Celsius

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
c. PRESSURE - 𝑝 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
d. SPECIFIC WEIGHT – 𝑤 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - These properties help in understanding the physical state of the fluid.
Examples;
a. COLOR
b. ODOR

2.) WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF FLUIDS?

A.) IDEAL FLUID (LAMINAR FLOW)

 Fluids that have viscosity (μ > 0) and their motion known as viscous flow. All the fluids in
actual practice are real fluids.
 Incompressible – the density is constant
 Irrotational – the flow is smooth, no turbulence
 No viscous – (Inviscid) fluid has no internal friction (η = 0)
 Do not actually exist in nature, but sometimes used for fluid flow problems.
B.) IDEAL PLASTIC FLUID

 When the shear stress becomes proportional to the velocity gradient and more than the
yield value, the fluid is said to be the ideal plastic fluid.

C.) REAL FLUID (TURBULENT FLOW)

 Fluids having viscosity are real fluids.

 Can be defined as the fluid which deforms continuously for certain amount of shear
stress.

D.) NEWTONIAN FLUID

 A fluid obeying Newton’s law of viscosity is known as a Newtonian fluid.

 It remains constant, no matter the amount of shear applied for a constant temperature.
These fluids have a linear relationship between viscosity and shear stress.

Examples;

 Water
 Mineral oil
 Gasoline
 Alcohol

E.) NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

 A fluid not obeying Newton’s law of viscosity is said to be a non-Newtonian fluid.

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF NON – NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

 DILATANT OR SHEAR THICKENING

 Viscosity decreases with stress over time.

 SHEAR THINNING
 Viscosity decreases with increased stress.

 RHEOPECTIC
 Viscosity increases with stress over time.

 THIXOTROPIC
 Viscosity decreases with stress over time.
 F.) INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID

 When the density of the fluid remains invariant with the application of external force, it
is said to be incompressible fluid.

G.) COMPRESSIBLE FLUID

 When the density of the fluid varies with the application of external force.

3.) WHAT IS FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS?

A. FLUID MECHANICS
 Science concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon
them. It is a branch of classical physics with applications of great
importance in hydraulic and aeronautical engineering, chemical
engineering, meteorology, and zoology. It can be divided into fluid
statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the
effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics.
B. HYDRAULICS
 Branch of science concerned with the practical applications of fluids,
primarily liquids, in motion. It is related to fluid mechanics, which in large
part provides its theoretical foundation. Hydraulics deals with such
matters as the flow of liquids in pipes, rivers, and channels and their
confinement by dams and tanks. Some of its principles apply also to
gases, usually in cases in which variations in density are relatively small.
Consequently, the scope of hydraulics extends to such mechanical
devices as fans and gas turbines and to pneumatic control systems.