Phase 2 Phase 2 Project planning

Susan Fernanda Mejia Bermúdez

29677719

FOOD PACKAGING
SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
NATIONAL OPEN AND DISTANCE UNIVERSITY
2021
At the collaborative level
1. Process methods for material packaging select (Principles or fundamentals of the method - Flowchart
of the process).
Glass is an inorganic solid material that is both hard and brittle, with no definite shape. It is formed by the

high-temperature melting of various mineral substances, such as carbonates or salts and varieties of sand,

which are then rapidly cooled in a mold or manipulated with tools to give it shape. (Carasteristicas , 2020)

Characteristics of glass :

Glass is characterized by being:

 A hard material, even when very thin.

 A brittle material in case of being hit lightly.

 A malleable material through different methods that allow to achieve a different finish, such as tempered glass,

annealed, thermo-acoustic, armored, laminated, among others.

 A material resulting from melting and cooling that can be softened again when exposed to temperatures higher than

800ºC.

 A material that can be recycled several times. (Carasteristicas, 2020).

Among the main properties of glass are the following:

 Optical qualities. They consist of the transmission of the visible spectrum of light that depends on the composition and

purity of the glass. Those with the highest light transmission capacity are those free of iron compounds.
 Composition. It consists of the diversity of mineral components, such as sodium carbonate, limestone, silicon dioxide,

aluminum oxide, which can be used and combined to melt and create different types and qualities of glass.

 Color. It consists of certain components that are added at the time of fusion to obtain a different finish in the coloring of

the glass. For example, a bluish red color can be achieved by adding cobalt oxide, a yellow color will be achieved by

adding ferric oxide and a bluish color will be achieved by adding ferrous oxide.

 Texture. It consists of the surface of the glass that can be perceived by sight or touch and variants can be obtained

depending on the melting process and certain components.

 Malleability. It consists of the molding methods that are performed in the melting stage prior to cooling, depending on

the use that the glass will have, such as a window or a bottle. The methods can be: pressing, blowing, spiraling and

laminating, among others.

 Thermal qualities. They consist of the ability to conduct temperature, both heat and cold. Once hardened, glass does

not have a defined softening temperature point, but it ranges between 600º C and 700º C.

 Density. This is the amount of mass contained in the glass and depends on the type of materials combined in the

melting process. In general, the density of glass is around 2500 kg/m3.

 Corrosion. It is the ability to tolerate wear that has the glass and depends on its chemical composition. There are four

main substances against which glass can break: hydrochloric acid, high concentration phosphoric acid, alkaline

concentrations at high temperatures and high temperature water. (Carasteristicas , 2020).

Properties of glass

Glass is an amorphous, inorganic material with a hard but fragile composition. Glass does not have a

defined structure or pattern, its structure is totally deformed.

Its chemical composition is based on: silica sand (SiO2), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and limestone

(CaCO3). According to the glass and its utility so can vary the chemical composition and its proportions and

the method of formation and casting. (Gonzalez, 2019)

Flow diagram
https://es.scribd.com/document/394046205/Diagrama-de-Flujo-Sobre-El-Vidrio-Ambar

Glass containers are a very complex and uniform feature, regardless of their basic material they can be

homogeneous. These containers are intended especially for use with certain foods and beverages

according to Parisi. According to the different types of containers are related to the preferences of

consumers and packagers. Glasses can be subdivided as follows:

- Bottleneck bottles (without handles).

- Food contact bottles (with handles).

- High quality liquid foods are packaged in glass bottles.

- Glass jars that are intended to contain foods such as canned foods, dried products, fish, canned

foods, jars of coffee powder. (Parisis, 2013)

2. Main applications in food and / or beverages

In alcoholic beverages it is the main use of glass packaging in 330 ml and 500 ml size, it is used in

compotes, jams, oils, some products such as coffee powder.

3. Environmental impact - Recycling methods

Glass containers have the characteristics that help the environment as they are reusable, do not have a

certain number of times to be used, can be returnable, offer impermeability and airtightness, offer various

shapes, do not alter the taste and aroma of the contents, are transparent and allow the product to be

visualized.
From the environmental point of view, glass has the most abundant raw material on the planet, which is

sand. Glass containers can be used several times.

It has some disadvantages: it is very expensive, takes up more space and is heavy, it is fragile and can

cause damage when broken.

 References

Carasteristicas . (2020). Obtenido de https://www.caracteristicas.co/vidrio/#ixzz77cVJ0Ubw

Gonzalez, R. (3 de 7 de 2019). ecologia hoy. Obtenido de

https://www.ecologiahoy.com/vidrio#Que_es_el_vidrio

Parisis, S. (2013). Food Industry and Packaging Materials : Performance-oriented Guidelines for Users.
Smithers Rapra. American Psychological Assoc.