Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nairy Dib
Simultaneous translation
2019-2020
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Table of Contents
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...p.4
Difficulties of Translation……………………………………………………………………...p.18
Translation procedures…………………………………………………………………………p.21
Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………..p.24
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..p.26
Citography……………………………………………………………………………………...p.27
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Abstract
The following research paper gravitates around a motivational video we’ve chosen for our final
project, entitled “Nobody wins” by one of the best and most inspiring motivational speakers,
Simon Sinek. This particular speech was done at a conference where he outlined his different
point of views regarding leadership and how any workplace could be transformed and the work
quality could be improved by empowering others to do what they’re best at. He’s backed up his
words with real inspiring stories.
The process of working on our project began with the transcription and translation of Sinek’s
words. This double process was a little challenging seeing that first, the speaker would at some
point talk fast and the words are sometimes a tad unclear. On the other hand, we’ve also
encountered many translation difficulties manly due to hoe spontaneous the speaker was, and
also due to the huge grammatical, syntactical, and linguistic differences between English and
Arabic. the solutions to such problems as well as the processes used to translate are all from
Mona Baker’s theories and all other theories and tips learned throughout the coursework of
college.
Furthermore, we’ve done many translation method related researches, as well as how to adapt
sentences from English to Arabic. we’ve used many beneficial sites that are somehow crucial,
including GLOSBE, ALMAANY, or REVERSO context for instance.
Lastly, in order to accomplish our work, we had to look for more translation theories and
especially translation tips and tricks that are adapted for a simultaneous translation. In that case
for instance, the translation needs to be brief and concise so that we’d be able to keep up with the
speaker.
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This research paper aims at translating a 10 minutes motivational video “Nobody Wins” from
English into Arabic. It also aims at identifying the difficulties encountered in the translation
process as well as finding resolutions for such problems.
Validation of Video
We chose a video entitled “Nobody wins” for one of the best motivational speakers “Simon
Sinek”. In this presentation, Sinek outlines his fundamentally different views on leadership and
how the modern workplace can be transformed by empowering others to do what they are best
at. He also documented his words with real stories that were very helpful. This video is
considered in all the websites as one of the best motivational videos, this is one of the reasons for
its selection. Also, we found the topic very interesting for all ages especially for my age because
we are graduating and we will start entering the work zone.
Simon Sinek, one of the best motivational speakers, described as “a visionary thinker with a rare
intellect,” he teaches leaders and organizations how to inspire people. With a bold goal to help
build a world in which the vast majority of people wake up every single day feeling inspired,
feeling safe at work, and feeling fulfilled at the end of the day. Simon is leading a movement to
inspire people to do the things that inspire them. He is also the author of multiple best-selling
books including Start with Why, Leaders Eat Last, together is Better, and Find Your Why. His
new book, The Infinite Game, will be released in 2019.
This research paper consists of four parts. The first part is the introduction including the
objectives of research, a rationale for the selection of the video, technical obstacles encountered
and finally a summary of the research. The methodology section entails the script and the
the Leadership glossary of terms.
The following research paper gravitates around a motivational video we’ve chosen for our final
project, entitled “Nobody wins” by one of the best and most inspiring motivational speakers,
Simon Sinek. This particular speech was done at a conference where he outlined his different
point of views regarding leadership and how any workplace could be transformed and the work
4
quality could be improved by empowering others to do what they’re best at. He’s backed up his
words with real inspiring stories.
The process of working on our project began with the transcription and translation of Sinek’s
words. This double process was a little challenging seeing that first, the speaker would at some
point talk fast and the words are sometimes a tad unclear. On the other hand, we’ve also
encountered many translation difficulties manly due to hoe spontaneous the speaker was, and
also due to the huge grammatical, syntactical, and linguistic differences between English and
Arabic. the solutions to such problems as well as the processes used to translate are all from
Mona Baker’s theories and all other theories and tips learned throughout the coursework of
college.
Furthermore, we’ve done many translations method related researches, as well as how to adapt
sentences from English to Arabic. we’ve used many beneficial sites that are somehow crucial,
including GLOSBE, ALMAANY, or REVERSO context for instance.
Lastly, in order to accomplish our work, we had to look for more translation theories and
especially translation tips and tricks that are adapted for a simultaneous translation. In that case
for instance, the translation needs to be brief and concise so that we’d be able to keep up with the
speaker.
Methodology section:
Script and translation:
So, I'm embarrassed
أنا محرج
that I have a career
أن لدي عمل
I talk about things
يتمحور حول مناقشة عدة أمور
like trust and cooperation
مثل الثقة والتعاون
and there should be no demand for my work.
ومن المفترض اال يكون هناك حاجة لذلك العمل
But the fact of the matter is
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ولكن حقيقة األمر هو
there is demand for my work
وجود الطلب على عملي
which means that there's an opportunity.
مما يعني أن هناك فرصة
It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations
هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا
and yet they should be and we know that
لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدا
which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to our organizations.
وبالتالي فاننا نبحث عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا
So, I thought I would do something a little different today
لذلك فكرت أن أقدم لكم شيئا مختلفا اليوم
You know when you're speaking to tens of thousands of people
عندما تتحدث إلى عشرات اآلالف من األشخاص
and you have the opportunity to share a message
ولديك الفرصة لمشاركة تجاربك مع الجمهور
of course, most rational people would say let's go
بالطبع معظم الناس العقالنيين يتجهون الي
with something I've talked about lots of times and I'm really good at
تناول مواضيع قاموا بالتحدث عنها مرارا وتكرارا وقد برعت فيها
but I'm not normal
ولكن أنا لست تقليديا
so, I'm going to do something completely new and I hope this works out.
لذا سأقدم محتوي جديد تماما وآمل أن ينجح هذا
There are two things that I think that great leaders need to have
توافرهما في القادة العظماءœهناك أمرين أعتقد أنه يتعين
empathy and perspective
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التعاطف والرؤية
and I think these things are very often forgotten.
وأعتقد أن غالباً ما تهمل هذه األشياء
Leaders are so often so concerned about their status of their position and organization
غالبا ما يشعر القادة بالقلق الشديد إزاء مركزهم وهيئتهم
they actually forget their real job.
مما ينسيهم عملهم الحقيقي
And the real job of a leader is not about being in charge
والمهمة الحقيقية لقائد ال تتعلق بامتالك النفوذ
it's about taking care of those in our charge
بل باالهتمام بمن يخضع لمسئولياتنا
and I don't think people realize this
وال أعتقد أن الناس يدركون ذلك وال يتدربون على ذلك
When we're junior our only responsibility is to be good at our jobs
فإن مسؤوليتنا الوحيدة هي أن نكون ماهرين في عملنا،عندما نكون مبتدئين
that's all we really have to do
وهذا كل ما يتعين علينا فعله حقا
and some people actually go get advanced education
يتلقى ا متقدما ً بعض األشخاص تعليم،وفي الواقع
on so that they can be really good at their jobs
حتى يؤدوا وظائفهم بشكل جيد
accountants or whatever
محاسبين أوغيرهم
and you show up and you work hard
وتتألق في العمل وتكدح
and the company will give us tons and tons of training how to do our jobs
وتستمر الشركات بالحاقنا بالمئات من التدريبات عن كيفية القيام بوظائفنا
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They'll shows how to use the software.
سيعلمونك كيفية استخدام برامج الكمبيوتر
They'll send us away for a few days to get trained in whatever it is that we're doing for the
company
سوف يرسلوننا ا لبضعة أيام ً بعيد حتى تتدرب على كل ما نفعله من أجل الشركة
and then they expect us to go be good at our jobs
ومن ثم يتوقعون منا أن نكون بارعين في وظائفنا
and that's what we do we work very hard.
وهذا حقا ما نفعله العمل بكل جدية
And if you're good at your job
وإذا كنت ماهرا في وظيفتك
they’ll promote you
فسوف يمنحونك ترقية
And at some point
وفي مرحلة ما
you'll get promoted to position where we're now responsible for the people
ستتم ترقيتك إلى منصب أصبحنا فيه مسؤولين اآلن عن األشخاص
who do the job we used to do?
الذين يؤدون مهماتنا السابقة
but nobody shows us how to do that
ولكن ال أحد يوضح لنا كيفية القيام بذلك
and that's why we get managers and not leaders.
وليس قادةœوهذا هو السبب في أننا نحصل على مديرين
Because the reason our managers are micromanaging
السبب الحقيقي الذي يجعل مديرينا يقومون باالشراف علينا
Is because they actually do know how to do the job better than us
كيفية القيام بالوظيفة بشكل أفضل
that's got them promoted
مما أكسبهم الترقية
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Really what we have to do is go through a transition
يتعين علينا أن نمر بمرحلة انتقالية
some people make it quickly
بعض األشخاص يمرون بها بسرعة
some people make it slowly
وبعضهم ببطء
and unfortunately, some people will never make that transition at all
ولألسف لن يقوم بعض األشخاص بهذه الخطوة أبدا
Which is we have to go this through this transition of being responsible for the job
هذه المرحلة االنتقالية ستحولنا من كوننا مسئولون عن وظيفة ما
and then turning it to somebody who's now responsible for the people who are responsible for
the job
الي أشخاص مسئولين عن عمال تقوم بهذه الوظيفة
And as I said before
وكما قلت من قبل
one of the great things that is lacking in most of our companies
فان واحدة من اهم العناصر التي تفتقدها معظم شركاتنا
is that they are not teaching us how to lead.
هي عدم تلقين الموظفين فن القيادة
And leadership is a skill like any other is a practicable learnable skill
والقيادة هي مهارة مثلها مثل أي مهارة أخرى
and it is something that you work on it
قابلة للتعلم ويمكن تنميتها
it's like a muscle if you practice it all the days
وكأنها عضلة اذا مرنتها طوال األيام
you will get good at it and you will get to become a strong leader
ستصبح ماهرا وقائدا قويا
if you stop practicing you will become a weak leader
أما اذا أهملتها ستصبح قائدا ضعيفا
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Like parenting
مثل األبوة
everyone has the capacity to be a parent
كل شخص عنده القابلية علي أن يكون ابا
doesn't mean everybody wants to be a parent
ولكن هذا ال يعني أن الجميع يسعي لذلك
and doesn't mean everybody shouldn't be a parent.
وعلي العكس فمن حق كل شخص ان يكون ابا
Leadership is the same
ويسري األمر ذاته مع القيادة
we all have the capacity to be a leader
فلدينا جميعا القابلية علي أن نصبح قادة
doesn't mean everybody should be a leader
ولكن هذا اليعني أنها فرض علي الجميع
and it doesn't mean everybody wants to be a leader
أو أن كل شخص يريد أن يكون قائدا
and the reason is because it comes at great personal sacrifice.
والسبب هو أنها تحتاج تضحيات كبيرة
Remember you're not in charge
تذكر دائما انك لست صاحب نفوذ
you're responsible for those in your charge
بل راع لرعيتك
that means things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit
مما يعني ان في حالة النجاح لن تمنح اي تقدير
and when everything goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility
وفي حالة الفشل تتحمل العواقب المرئية للفشل
that sucks
شئ مزري
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Right its things like staying late to show somebody what to do.
مثل البقاء لوقت متأخر لترشد احد الموظفين كيفية القيام بمهامه
Its things like when something does actually break when something goes wrong
مثال عند تحطم شئ او عند ارتكاب خطأ ما
instead of yelling and screaming and taking over you say try again.
فيتعين عليك ان تحثهم علي المحاولة مرة اخري بدال من الصراخ في وجوههم
When the overwhelming pressures are not on them
عندما ال تكون أغلبية الضغوط عليهم
the overwhelming pressures are on us
فانها تتراكم علينا
At the end of the day
في نهاية المطاف
great leaders are not responsible for the job
ال يكون القادة العظماء مسؤولين عن الوظيفة
they're responsible for the people who are responsible for the job
بل هم مسؤولون عن األشخاص المكلفين بالقيام بالعمل
they're not even responsible for the results
فهم غير مسئولون حتي عن النتائج
I love talking to CEOs and say what's your priority
وأسألهم عن أولوياتهمœأحب التحدث إلى الرؤساء التنفيذيين
and they put their hands on their hips old proud and say my priority is my customer.
فيجيبوني بفخر وأيديهم علي خصرهم ويقولون إن أولويتي هي العمالء
I'm like really even talk to a customer in 15 years.
انا اعلم انهم لم يتعاملوا مع العمالء في الخمس عشرة عاما االخيرة
There’s no CEO on the planet responsible for the customer
ال يوجد مدير تنفيذي على هذا الكوكب مسؤول عن العميل
they're just not they're responsible for the people who responsible for the people who responsible
for the customer
وإنما ملزم باألشخاص المسؤولين عن العميل
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I'll tell you a true story.
سأروي لكم قصة حقيقية
A few months ago,
قبل بضعة أشهر
I stayed at the Four Seasons in Las Vegas
مكثت في فندق فورسيزونز في الس فيجاس
It is a wonderful hotel.
إنه فندق رائع
And the reason it's a wonderful hotel is not because of the fancy beds
والسبب في أنه فندق رائع ليس األسرة الفاخرة
any hotel can go and buy a fancy bed.
التي يمكن ألي فندق شرائها
The reason it's a wonderful hotel is because of the people who work there.
السبب وراء روعة الفندق هو األشخاص الذين يعملون هناك
If you walk past somebody at the Four Seasons than this and they say hello to you
اذا الحظت شخص ما في فور سيزونز ووجدته يرحب بك
you get the feeling that they actually wanted to say hello to you
فستشعر حقا أنه يريد ذلك
it's not that somebody told them that you have to say hello to all the customers say hello to all the
guests right
ليس ألن أحدهم أمرهم بالترحيب بجميع العمالء والضيوف
you actually feel that they care.
فتشعر أنهم حقا يهتمون
Now in their Lobby they have a coffee stand
لديهم ركن للقهوة في الردهة
and I one afternoon I went to buy a cup of coffee
وبعد ظهر أحد األيام ذهبت لشراء كوب من القهوة
and there was a barista by the name of Noah who was serving me.
وكان يخدمني نادال يدعي نوح
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Noah was fantastic
كان نوح رائعا
he was friendly and fun
ً كان ودودا وفرحا
and he was engaging with me
وكان يتفاعل معي
and I had so much fun buying a cup of coffee
استمتعت كثيرا عند شراء فنجان من القهوة
I actually think I gave a hundred percent tip
واعتقد انني منحته ضعف ثمن القهوة بقشيش
right he was wonderful
فقد كان مدهشا
So as is my nature I asked Noah do you like your job.
ومثل عادتي سألت نوح هل يحب وظيفته
And without skipping a beat Noah says I love my job
ودون تردد قال نوح أنه يحب وظيفته
And so, I followed up I said what is it that the four seasons is doing
لذلك تابعت وسألته ما الذي يفعله
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أود أن أكون فريقي
My team I got to get the right people
وأن أنتقي أفضل الكفاءات
but the reality is it's not the people it's the leadership.
ولكن في الواقع ما يهم هي القيادة وليست األشخاص
If we create the right environment
اذا خلقنا الجو المناسب
we will get people like Noah at the Four Seasons.
سنكشف وجود شخصيات مثل نوح في الفور سيزونز
If we create the wrong environment
اذا خلقنا الجو الغير مناسب
we will get people like Noah at Caesar's Palace.
سنجد شخصيات مثل نوح في السيزر باالس
It’s not the people.
بالرغم أن المشكلة ال تكمن في األشخاص
And yet we're so quick to hire and fire.
فغالبا ما نتهور في عملية التوظيف والفصل
You can't hire and fire your children.
ليس لديك الحق في التخلص من أطفالك واستبدالهم
If there's if your kids are struggling
اذا كان أطفالك يعانون من مشكلة ما
we don't say you got to see at school
فأنت ال تسارع باالتجاه الي المدرسة
you're up for adoption
لتتبني طفل اخر
So why is it that when somebody has performance problems at work
فلماذا عندما يكون لدى شخص ما مشاكل في أداء العمل
why is it that our instinct is to say you're out?
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توجهنا غريزتنا أن نطرده
We do not practice empathy.
نحن ال نمارس التعاطف
What does empathy look like?
كيف يبدو التعاطف؟
here's the lack of empathy
إليكم مثال لعدم وجود التعاطف
this is normal in our business world
هذا أمر طبيعي في مجال العمل
you walk into someone's office someone walks into our office
حيث تدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل أحدهم مكتبك
and says your numbers have been down for the third quarter in a row
وتواجهه بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التوالي
row you have to pick up your numbers
وعليك أن ترفع من مستواك
otherwise I can't guarantee what the future
واال ال يمكنني أن أضمن لك وظيفتك
how inspired you think that person is to come to work the next day?
فما مدي تخيلك لحالة هذا الشخص في العمل اليوم التالي؟
Here’s what empathy looks like
اليك االن معني التعاطف
you walk into someone's office someone walks into your office
œتدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل أحدهم مكتبك
and says your numbers are down for the third quarter in a row
وتوضح له بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التوالي
are you okay?
وتبدأ أن تسأله عن حاله
I'm worried about you, what's going on?
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وعن ما يحدث معه وتظهر له قلقك عليه
We all have performance issues
لدينا جميعا تخبطات في األداء ً لدينا جميع
maybe someone's kid is sick
اً ربما يكون أحد أطفاله مريض
maybe they having problems in their marriage
وربما يواجه مشاكل في زواجه
maybe one of their parents is dying
وربما يموت أحد والديه
we don't know what's going on in their lives
فنحن ال نعرف ما الذي يحدث في حياتهم
and of course, it will affect performance at work
وبالطبع سيؤثر ذلك على األداء في العمل
Empathy is being concerned about the human being
يكون التعاطف إزاء الكائن البشري
not just their output
وليس فقط ناتجهم
We have for some reason our work world has changed
لسبب ما هناك تغير في محيط العمل في العالم
changed in over the past 20 and 30 years.
سنة الماضيةœخالل العشرين و الثالثين
We are suffering the side effects of business theories
نحن نعاني من اآلثار الجانبية لنظريات العمل
left over from the 80s and 90s
التي خلفتها الثمانينات والتسعينات من القرن الماضي
and they are bad for people
وهي غير فعالة لألفراد
17
and they are bad for business
وغير فعالة لألعمال
Difficulties
During translation, the translator faces several difficulties that he must overcome or solve in
order to deliver meaning to the reader. Below, we highlight some problems, their definitions and
examples to justify them. These problems are classified into six types of difficulties:
grammatical, lexical-semantic, syntactical, rhetorical, cultural, textual and pragmatic problems.
18
Example: It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations and yet
they should be and we know that which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to
our organizations.
لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدا وبالتالي فاننا نبحث، هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا
.عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا
Micromanaging: Oxford dictionary defines it to control every part, however small, of (an
enterprise or activity). It was hard to find it in Arabic dictionaries like ALMAANY, it showed up
only in the example as ادارة. I understood the English definition and I chose to explain it as a
translation to match it with my context.
2. Grammatical problems:
Grammatical problems include, for example, questions of temporality, asexuality (the
appearance indicates how the process is represented or the state expressed by the verb from the
point of view of its development, as opposed to time itself), pronouns, and whether to make
explicit the subject pronoun or not.
Example: We all have performance issues maybe someone's kid is sick maybe they having
problems in their marriage maybe one of their parents is dying we don't know what's going on in
their lives and of course it will affect performance at work.
اً أطفاله مريض وربما يموت أحد، وربما يواجه مشاكل في زواجه، ا تخبطات في األداء ً ينا جميع، لد ربما يكون أحد
. فنحن ال نعرف ما الذي يحدث في حياتهم وبالطبع سيؤثر ذلك على األداء في العمل، والديه
Rhetorical problems
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➢ Functional equivalent
A translation method in which the translator attempts to reflect the thought of the writer in the
source language rather than the words and forms. The translator will read a sentence or other unit
of thought, try to understand it as well as possible, and then write that thought in the target
language.
Example: What does empathy look like? here's the lack of empathy this is normal in our business
world you walk into someone's office someone walks into our office and says your numbers have
been down for the third quarter in a row you have to pick up your numbers otherwise I can't
guarantee what the future will look like how inspired you think that person is to come to work
the next day.
حيث تدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل، هذا أمر طبيعي في مجال العمل، كيف يبدو التعاطف؟ إليكم مثال لعدم وجود التعاطف
أنœ وعليك أن ترفع من مستواك واال ال يمكنني، وتواجهه بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التواليœأحدهم مكتبك
فما مدي تخيلك لحالة هذا الشخص في العمل اليوم التالي؟,أضمن لك وظيفتك
Pick up your numbers: It refers to improve your work and do more effort on it.
Syntactical problems
Syntactical problems may originate in syntactic parallels, the direction of the passive
voice, the focus (the point of view from which a story is organized), or even rhetorical
figures of speech, such as a hyperbaton (the inversion of the natural order of speech) or
an anaphora (repetition of a word or segment at the beginning of a line or a phrase).
Textual problems
When there is a difficult sentence with a clear meaning but hard to transfer it with the target
language.
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➢ Paraphrase: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other
words.
Example: If there's if your kids are struggling, we don't say you got to see at school you're up for
adoption.
.اذا كان أطفالك يعانون من مشكلة ما فأنت ال تسارع باالتجاه الي المدرسة لتتبني طفل اخر
Translation procedures
Modulation
Definition: It occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL
text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear
dissimilar in terms of perspective.
Example:
It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations and yet they should
be and we know that which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to our
organizations.
Solution/modulation
لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدا وبالتالي فاننا نبحث، هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا
.عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا
Omission
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Definition: Dropping a word or words from the SLT while translating without changing the
meaning.
Example:
Difficulty: Leadership is the same we all have the capacity to be a leader doesn't mean everybody
should be a leader and it doesn't mean everybody wants to be a leader and the reason is because
it comes at great personal sacrifice.
Solution/Omission
ويسري األمر ذاته مع القيادة فلدينا جميعا القابلية علي أن نصبح قادة ولكن هذا اليعني أنها فرض علي الجميع أو أن كل
شخص يريد أن يكون قائدا والسبب هو أنها تحتاج تضحيات كبيرة
Paraphrase
Definition: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words. •
Example:
Difficulty: Which is we have to go this through this transition of being responsible for the job
and then turning it to somebody who's now responsible for the people who are responsible for
the job.
Solution/paraphrase
هذه المرحلة االنتقالية ستحولنا من كوننا مسئولون عن وظيفة ما الي أشخاص مسئولين عن عمال تقوم بهذه الوظيفة
Example:
Difficulty: Remember you're not in charge you're responsible for those in your charge that means
things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit and when everything
goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility that sucks.
Solution/paraphrase
تذكر دائما انك لست صاحب نفوذ بل راع لرعيتك مما يعني ان في حالة النجاح لن تمنح اي تقدير وفي حالة الفشل تتحمل
عواقبه
Example:
Difficulty And so I followed up I said what is it that the four seasons is doing that would make
you say to me I love my job and without skipping a beat Noah said throughout the day managers
will walk past me and ask me how I'm doing if there's anything that I need to do my job better.
Solution/paraphrase
لذلك تابعت وسألته ما الذي يفعله الفور سيزونز ليجعلك تحب وظيفتك وبدون تردد قال نوح ان المديرين يطمئنون عليه طوال
.اليوم ويسألونه إذا كان هناك أي شيء يحتاجه ليؤدي وظيفته بشكل أفضل
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Functional equivalent
Definition: It requires the use of a culture-neutral word.
Example:
Difficulty: There are two things that I think that great leaders need to have: empathy and
perspective and I think these things are very often forgotten.
Solution/Functional equivalent
و أعتقد أن هذه غالبا ما تهمل. التعاطف والرؤية: توافرهما في القادة العظماءœهناك أمرين أعتقد أنه يتعين
Descriptive equivalent
Definition: A descriptive equivalent consists in translating a source language/text word using
a description of the concept it refers to in the target language.
Example
Difficulty: Remember you're not in charge you're responsible for those in your charge that
means things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit and when
everything goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility that sucks.
Solution/Descriptive equivalent
لœœتذكر دائما أنك لست صاحب نفوذ بل راع لرعيتك مما يعني أن في حالة النجاح لن تمنح اي تقدير وفي حالة الفشل تتحم
عواقبه
Example
Difficulty: And without skipping a beat Noah says I love my job.
Solution/Descriptive equivalent
ودون تردد قال نوح أنه يحب وظيفته
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Glossary:
Blemish: وصمة/عيب
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Cooperation theory: نظرية التعاون
Crisis leadership: قيادة األزمة
Creativity: اإلبداع
Delegation: التفويض
Democratic leader: الزعيم الديمقراطي
Empowerment: التمكين
Ethics: األخالق
Expectancy: متوسط العمر المتوقع
Expertise approach: نهج الخبرة
Flexibility: المرونة
Goal: الهدف
Influence: التأثير
Informality: الطابع غير الرسمي
Initiating structure: هيكل البدء
Innovation: االبتكار
Integrity: النزاهة
Internal locus of control: موقع الرقابة الداخلي
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Leadership: القيادة
Leadership effectiveness: فعالية القيادة
Vision: رؤية
Whistleblower تصفير:
Conclusion
Translation gives the translator the chance to live several cultures at the same time and to
transmit a foreign language text to the target audience to a language that he understands, it is
not only a question of language but also of culture and it is this is what we tried to do during
translating this video.
As provided in the preceding pages, the video we chose for Simon Sinek “Nobody wins”,
outlines his different ideas about leadership and how to improve the modern workplace by
encouraging others to do what they are best at. He also added some real stories which was
interesting and useful.
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It was a good opportunity to be looking for a different mindset that helps and encourages us
to the next stage of our life after graduating from work and dealing with people in the labor
market. We certainly faced difficulties during the translation, but we tried to deal with them
and explain them to deliver correct information to the readers.
Citography
“English Dictionary, Thesaurus & Grammar help / Lexico Dectionaries.” Lexico Dectionaries.
www.lexico.com/en.
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“English Dictionary, Reverso.” ReversoEn. www.reverso.com/en.
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