Introduction

This research paper aims at translating a 10 minutes motivational video “Nobody Wins” from
English into Arabic. It also aims at identifying the difficulties encountered in the translation
process as well as finding resolutions for such problems.

Validation of Video
We chose a video entitled “Nobody wins” for one of the best motivational speakers “Simon
Sinek”. In this presentation, Sinek outlines his fundamentally different views on leadership and
how the modern workplace can be transformed by empowering others to do what they are best
at. He also documented his words with real stories that were very helpful. This video is
considered in all the websites as one of the best motivational videos, this is one of the reasons for
its selection. Also, we found the topic very interesting for all ages especially for my age because
we are graduating and we will start entering the work zone.
Simon Sinek, one of the best motivational speakers, described as “a visionary thinker with a rare
intellect,” he teaches leaders and organizations how to inspire people. With a bold goal to help
build a world in which the vast majority of people wake up every single day feeling inspired,
feeling safe at work, and feeling fulfilled at the end of the day. Simon is leading a movement to
inspire people to do the things that inspire them. He is also the author of multiple best-selling
books including Start with Why, Leaders Eat Last, together is Better, and Find Your Why. His
new book, The Infinite Game, will be released in 2019.

Hindrance encountered in the coursework of translating this video:

 The difficulty of listening to every word clearly
The speaker speaks spontaneously, which leads him to make many incidents of assimilation and
linking or sometimes the microphone is turned away making it difficult to hear his voice.
Accordingly, the researcher had to listen to the text several times, implement online software that
converts speech to text.

This research paper consists of four parts. The first part is the introduction including the
objectives of research, a rationale for the selection of the video, technical obstacles encountered
and finally a summary of the research. The methodology section entails the script and the
translation together with the difficulties encountered and their resolutions and the last part is the
Leadership glossary of terms.

4
 Methodology section:
Script and translation:
So, I'm embarrassed
‫أنا محرج‬
that I have a career
‫أن لدي عمل‬
I talk about things
‫يتمحور حول مناقشة عدة أمور‬
like trust and cooperation
‫مثل الثقة والتعاون‬
and there should be no demand for my work.
‫ومن المفترض أال يكون هناك حاجة لذلك العمل‬
But the fact of the matter is
‫ولكن حقيقة األمر هو‬
there is demand for my work
‫وجود الطلب على عملي‬
which means that there's an opportunity.
‫مما يعني أن هناك فرصة‬
It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations
‫هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا‬
and yet they should be and we know that
‫لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدًا‬
which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to our organizations.
‫وبالتالي فإننا نبحث عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا‬
So, I thought I would do something a little different today
‫لذلك فكرت أن أقدم لكم شيئًا مختلفًا اليوم‬
You know when you're speaking to tens of thousands of people
‫عندما تتحدث إلى عشرات اآلالف من األشخاص‬

5
and you have the opportunity to share a message
‫ولديك الفرصة لمشاركة تجاربك مع الجمهور‬
of course, most rational people would say let's go
‫بالطبع معظم الناس العقالنيين يتجهون الي‬
with something I've talked about lots of times and I'm really good at
‫تناول مواضيع قاموا بالتحدث عنها مرارًا وتكرارًا وقد برعت فيها‬
but I'm not normal
‫ولكن أنا لست تقليديًا‬
so, I'm going to do something completely new and I hope this works out.
‫لذا سأقدم محتوي جديد تما ًما وآمل أن ينجح هذا‬
There are two things that I think that great leaders need to have
‫ توافرهما في القادة العظماء‬Š‫هناك أمرين أعتقد أنه يتعين‬
empathy and perspective
‫التعاطف والرؤية‬
and I think these things are very often forgotten.
‫وأعتقد أن غالباً ما تهمل هذه األشياء‬
Leaders are so often so concerned about their status of their position and organization
‫غالبًا ما يشعر القادة بالقلق الشديد إزاء مركزهم وهيئتهم‬
they actually forget their real job.
‫مما ينسيهم عملهم الحقيقي‬
And the real job of a leader is not about being in charge
‫والمهمة الحقيقية لقائد ال تتعلق بإمتالك النفوذ‬
it's about taking care of those in our charge
‫بل باالهتمام بمن يخضع لمسئولياتنا‬
and I don't think people realize this
‫وال أعتقد أن الناس يدركون ذلك وال يتدربون على ذلك‬
When we're junior our only responsibility is to be good at our jobs
‫ فإن مسؤوليتنا الوحيدة هي أن نكون ماهرين في عملنا‬،‫عندما نكون مبتدئين‬

6
that's all we really have to do
‫وهذا كل ما يتعين علينا فعله حقًا‬
and some people actually go get advanced education
‫ يتلقى بعض األشخاص تعليم‬،‫وفي الواقع‬
on so that they can be really good at their jobs
‫حتى يؤدوا وظائفهم بشكل جيد‬
accountants or whatever
‫محاسبين أوغيرهم‬
and you show up and you work hard
‫وتتألق في العمل وتكدح‬

and the company will give us tons and tons of training how to do our jobs
‫وتستمر الشركات بإلحاقنا بالمئات من التدريبات عن كيفية القيام بوظائفنا‬
They'll shows how to use the software.
‫سيعلمونك كيفية استخدام برامج الكمبيوتر‬
They'll send us away for a few days to get trained in whatever it is that we're doing for the
company
‫سوف يرسلوننا لبضعة أيام بعيد حتى تتدرب على كل ما نفعله من أجل الشركة‬
and then they expect us to go be good at our jobs
‫ومن ثم يتوقعون منا أن نكون بارعين في وظائفنا‬
and that's what we do we work very hard.
‫وهذا حقًا ما نفعله العمل بكل جدية‬
And if you're good at your job
‫وإذا كنت ماهرًا في وظيفتك‬
they’ll promote you
‫فسوف يمنحونك ترقية‬
And at some point
‫وفي مرحلة ما‬
you'll get promoted to position where we're now responsible for the people
7
 ‫ستتم ترقيتك إلى منصب أصبحنا فيه مسؤولين اآلن عن األشخاص‬
who do the job we used to do?
‫الذين يؤدون مهماتنا السابقة‬
but nobody shows us how to do that
‫ولكن ال أحد يوضح لنا كيفية القيام بذلك‬
and that's why we get managers and not leaders.
‫ وليس قادة‬Š‫وهذا هو السبب في أننا نحصل على مديرين‬
Because the reason our managers are micromanaging
‫السبب الحقيقي الذي يجعل مديرينا يقومون باإلشراف علينا‬
Is because they actually do know how to do the job better than us
‫كيفية القيام بالوظيفة بشكل أفضل‬
that's got them promoted
‫مما أكسبهم الترقية‬
Really what we have to do is go through a transition
‫يتعين علينا أن نمر بمرحلة انتقالية‬
some people make it quickly
‫بعض األشخاص يمرون بها بسرعة‬
some people make it slowly
‫وبعضهم ببطء‬
and unfortunately, some people will never make that transition at all
‫ولألسف لن يقوم بعض األشخاص بهذه الخطوة أبًدا‬
Which is we have to go this through this transition of being responsible for the job
‫هذه المرحلة االنتقالية ستحولنا من كوننا مسئولون عن وظيفة ما‬
and then turning it to somebody who's now responsible for the people who are responsible for
the job
‫إلي أشخاص مسئولين عن عمال تقوم بهذه الوظيفة‬
And as I said before
‫وكما قلت من قبل‬
one of the great things that is lacking in most of our companies
8
 ‫فإن واحدة من أهم العناصر التي تفتقدها معظم شركاتنا‬
is that they are not teaching us how to lead.
‫هي عدم تلقين الموظفين فن القيادة‬
And leadership is a skill like any other is a practicable learnable skill
‫والقيادة هي مهارة مثلها مثل أي مهارة أخرى‬
and it is something that you work on it
‫قابلة للتعلم ويمكن تنميتها‬
it's like a muscle if you practice it all the days
‫وكأنها عضلة إذا مرنتها طوال األيام‬
you will get good at it and you will get to become a strong leader
‫ستصبح ماهرًا وقائدًا قويا‬
if you stop practicing you will become a weak leader
‫أما إذا أهملتها ستصبح قائدًا ضعيفًا‬
Like parenting
‫مثل األبوة‬
everyone has the capacity to be a parent
‫كل شخص لديه القابلية علي أن يكون أبًا‬
doesn't mean everybody wants to be a parent
‫ولكن هذا ال يعني أن الجميع يسعي لذلك‬
and doesn't mean everybody shouldn't be a parent.
‫وعلي العكس فمن حق كل شخص أن يكون أبًا‬
Leadership is the same
‫ويسري األمر ذاته مع القيادة‬
we all have the capacity to be a leader
‫فلدينا جميعًا القابلية علي أن نصبح قادة‬
doesn't mean everybody should be a leader
‫ولكن هذا اليعني أنها فرض علي الجميع‬
and it doesn't mean everybody wants to be a leader

9
 ‫أو أن كل شخص يريد أن يكون قائدًا‬
and the reason is because it comes at great personal sacrifice.
‫والسبب هو أنها تحتاج تضحيات كبيرة‬
Remember you're not in charge
‫تذكر دائ ًما أنك لست صاحب نفوذ‬
you're responsible for those in your charge
‫بل راع لرعيتك‬
that means things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit
‫مما يعني أن في حالة النجاح لن تمنح أي تقدير‬
and when everything goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility
‫وفي حالة الفشل تتحمل العواقب المرئية للفشل‬
that sucks
‫شئ مزري‬
Right its things like staying late to show somebody what to do.
‫مثل البقاء لوقت متأخر لترشد أحد الموظفين كيفية القيام بمهامه‬
Its things like when something does actually break when something goes wrong
‫مثال عند تحطم شئ أو عند ارتكاب خطأ ما‬
instead of yelling and screaming and taking over you say try again.
‫فيتعين عليك ان تحثهم علي المحاولة مرة أخري بداًل من الصراخ في وجوههم‬
When the overwhelming pressures are not on them
‫عندما ال تكون أغلبية الضغوط عليهم‬
the overwhelming pressures are on us
‫فإنها تتراكم علينا‬
At the end of the day
‫في نهاية المطاف‬
great leaders are not responsible for the job
‫ال يكون القادة العظماء مسؤولين عن الوظيفة‬
they're responsible for the people who are responsible for the job

10
 ‫بل هم مسؤولون عن األشخاص المكلفين بالقيام بالعمل‬
they're not even responsible for the results
‫فهم غير مسئولون حتي عن النتائج‬
I love talking to CEOs and say what's your priority
‫ وأسألهم عن أولوياتهم‬Š‫أحب التحدث إلى الرؤساء التنفيذيين‬
and they put their hands on their hips old proud and say my priority is my customer.
‫فيجيبوني بفخر وأيديهم علي خصرهم ويقولون إن أولويتي هي العمالء‬
I'm like really even talk to a customer in 15 years.
‫انا اعلم انهم لم يتعاملوا مع العمالء في الخمس عشرة عاما االخيرة‬
There’s no CEO on the planet responsible for the customer
‫ال يوجد مدير تنفيذي على هذا الكوكب مسؤول عن العميل‬
they're just not they're responsible for the people who responsible for the people who responsible
for the customer
‫وإنما ملزم باألشخاص المسؤولين عن العميل‬
I'll tell you a true story.
‫سأروي لكم قصة حقيقية‬
A few months ago,
‫قبل بضعة أشهر‬
I stayed at the Four Seasons in Las Vegas
‫مكثت في فندق فورسيزونز في الس فيجاس‬
It is a wonderful hotel.
‫إنه فندق رائع‬
And the reason it's a wonderful hotel is not because of the fancy beds
‫والسبب في أنه فندق رائع ليس األسرة الفاخرة‬
any hotel can go and buy a fancy bed.
‫التي يمكن ألي فندق شرائها‬
The reason it's a wonderful hotel is because of the people who work there.
‫السبب وراء روعة الفندق هو األشخاص الذين يعملون هناك‬
If you walk past somebody at the Four Seasons than this and they say hello to you
11
 ‫اذا الحظت شخص ما في فور سيزونز ووجدته يرحب بك‬
you get the feeling that they actually wanted to say hello to you
‫فستشعر حقًا أنه يريد ذلك‬
it's not that somebody told them that you have to say hello to all the customers say hello to all the
guests right
‫ليس ألن أحدهم أمرهم بالترحيب بجميع العمالء والضيوف‬
you actually feel that they care.
‫فتشعر أنهم حقًا يهتمون‬
Now in their Lobby they have a coffee stand
‫لديهم ركن للقهوة في الردهة‬
and I one afternoon I went to buy a cup of coffee
‫وبعد ظهر أحد األيام ذهبت لشراء كوب من القهوة‬
and there was a barista by the name of Noah who was serving me.
‫وكان يخدمني نادال يدعي نوح‬
Noah was fantastic
‫كان نوح رائعًا‬
he was friendly and fun
‫كان ودودا وفرحًا‬
and he was engaging with me
‫وكان يتفاعل معي‬
and I had so much fun buying a cup of coffee
‫استمتعت كثي ًرا عند شراء فنجان من القهوة‬
I actually think I gave a hundred percent tip
‫واعتقد أنني منحته ضعف ثمن القهوة بقشيش‬
right he was wonderful
‫فقد كان مده ًشا‬
So as is my nature I asked Noah do you like your job.
‫ومثل عادتي سألت نوح هل يحب وظيفته‬
And without skipping a beat Noah says I love my job
12
 ‫ودون تردد قال نوح أنه يحب وظيفته‬
And so, I followed up I said what is it that the four seasons is doing
‫لذلك تابعت وسألته ما الذي يفعله‬

that would make you say to me I love my job

‫الفور سيزونز ليجعلك تحب وظيفتك‬
and without skipping a beat Noah said
‫وبدون تردد قال نوح‬
said throughout the day managers will walk past me and ask me how I'm doing if there's
anything
‫ يطمئنون عليه طوال اليوم‬Š‫أن المديرين‬
that I need to do my job better
‫ويسألونه إذا كان هناك أي شيء يحتاجه ليؤدي وظيفته بشكل أفضل‬
He said not just my manager any manager.
‫وقال أنه ليس فقط مديره مثل أي مدير‬
And then he said something
‫ثم أضاف شيئًا غريبًا‬
he says I also work at Caesars Palace
‫فقال أنه يعمل أيضا في فندق سيزرز باالس‬
And Caesars Palace the managers are trying to make sure we're doing everything right
‫ويحاول المديرون في سيزرز باالس التأكد من أن الموظفون يفعلون كل شيء بشكل صحيح‬
they catch us when we do things wrong.
‫عندما يوقعون بهم عند ارتكابهم خطأ‬
He says when I go to work
‫ويقول عندما أذهب الي العمل‬
I like to keep my head under the radar and just get through the day
‫أفضل أال يالحظ أحد لكي يمر اليوم‬
so, I can get my paycheck
‫وأحصل علي مرتبي‬
13
He says here at the four seasons
‫يقول هنا في الفور سيزونز‬
I feel I can be myself.
‫أشعر أنني علي طبيعتي‬
Same person
‫هو نفس الشخص‬
entirely a different experience from the customer who will engage with Noah.
‫ولكن تجربة التعامل مع العمالء مختلفة تما ًما‬
So, we in leadership are always criticizing the people
‫لذلك نحن في موضع القيادة دائما ننتقد االّخرين‬
We’re always saying we've got to get the right people on the bus
‫نحن نسعي دائما أن ننتقي أفضل الكفاءات لفريقنا‬
I got to fill my team
‫أود أن أكون فريقي‬
My team I got to get the right people
‫وأن أنتقي أفضل الكفاءات‬
but the reality is it's not the people it's the leadership.
‫ولكن في الواقع ما يهم هي القيادة وليست األشخاص‬
If we create the right environment
‫إذا خلقنا الجو المناسب‬
we will get people like Noah at the Four Seasons.
‫سنكشف وجود شخصيات مثل نوح في الفور سيزونز‬
If we create the wrong environment
‫إذا خلقنا الجو الغير مناسب‬
we will get people like Noah at Caesar's Palace.
‫سنجد شخصيات مثل نوح في السيزر باالس‬
It’s not the people.
‫بالرغم أن المشكلة ال تكمن في األشخاص‬

14
And yet we're so quick to hire and fire.
‫فغالبًا ما نتهور في عملية التوظيف والفصل‬
You can't hire and fire your children.
‫ليس لديك الحق في التخلص من أطفالك واستبدالهم‬
If there's if your kids are struggling
‫إذا كان أطفالك يعانون من مشكلة ما‬
we don't say you got to see at school
‫فأنت ال تسارع باإلتجاه الي المدرسة‬
you're up for adoption
‫لتتبني طفل اخر‬
So why is it that when somebody has performance problems at work
‫فلماذا عندما يكون لدى شخص ما مشاكل في أداء العمل‬
why is it that our instinct is to say you're out?
‫توجهنا غريزتنا أن نطرده‬
We do not practice empathy.
‫نحن ال نمارس التعاطف‬
What does empathy look like?
‫كيف يبدو التعاطف؟‬
here's the lack of empathy
‫إليكم مثال لعدم وجود التعاطف‬
this is normal in our business world
‫هذا أمر طبيعي في مجال العمل‬
you walk into someone's office someone walks into our office
‫حيث تدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل أحدهم مكتبك‬
and says your numbers have been down for the third quarter in a row
‫وتواجهه بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التوالي‬
row you have to pick up your numbers
‫وعليك أن ترفع من مستواك‬

15
otherwise I can't guarantee what the future
‫وإال ال يمكنني أن أضمن لك وظيفتك‬
how inspired you think that person is to come to work the next day?
‫فما مدى تخيلك لحالة هذا الشخص في العمل اليوم التالي؟‬
Here’s what empathy looks like
‫إليك االن معني التعاطف‬
you walk into someone's office someone walks into your office
Š‫تدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل أحدهم مكتبك‬
and says your numbers are down for the third quarter in a row
‫وتوضح له بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التوالي‬
are you okay?
‫وتبدأ أن تسأله عن حاله‬
I'm worried about you, what's going on?
‫وعن ما يحدث معه وتظهر له قلقك عليه‬
We all have performance issues
‫لدينا جميعا تخبطات في األداء ً لدينا جميع‬
maybe someone's kid is sick
‫أو ربما يكون أحد أطفاله مريض‬
maybe they having problems in their marriage
‫وربما يواجه مشاكل في زواجه‬
maybe one of their parents is dying
‫وربما يموت أحد والديه‬
we don't know what's going on in their lives
‫فنحن ال نعرف ما الذي يحدث في حياتهم‬
and of course, it will affect performance at work
‫وبالطبع سيؤثر ذلك على األداء في العمل‬
Empathy is being concerned about the human being
‫يكون التعاطف إزاء الكائن البشري‬

16
not just their output
‫وليس فقط ناتجهم‬
We have for some reason our work world has changed
‫لسبب ما هناك تغير في محيط العمل في العالم‬
changed in over the past 20 and 30 years.
‫ سنة الماضية‬Š‫خالل العشرين و الثالثين‬
We are suffering the side effects of business theories
‫نحن نعاني من اآلثار الجانبية لنظريات العمل‬
left over from the 80s and 90s
‫التي خلفتها الثمانينات والتسعينات من القرن الماضي‬
and they are bad for people
‫وهي غير فعالة لألفراد‬

and they are bad for business

‫وغير فعالة لألعمال‬

17
 Difficulties
During translation, the translator faces several difficulties that he must overcome or solve in
order to deliver meaning to the reader. Below, we highlight some problems, their definitions and
examples to justify them. These problems are classified into six types of difficulties:
grammatical, lexical-semantic, syntactical, rhetorical, cultural, textual and pragmatic problems.

Lexical-semantic problems Lexical-semantic problems can be resolved by consulting

dictionaries, glossaries, terminology banks and experts. These problems include terminology
alternatives, neologisms, semantic gaps, contextual synonyms and antonyms (these affect
polysemic units: synonyms and antonyms are only aimed at an acceptance which depends on the
context to determine which meaning is correct), semantic contiguity (a consistency procedure
which works by identifying semantic features common to two or more terms) and lexical
networks.

➢ Paraphrase Definition: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using

other words.
Example: It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations and yet
they should be and we know that which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to
our organizations.
‫ لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدا وبالتالي فإننا نبحث‬، ‫هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا‬
.‫عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا‬

Standard: The definition of “standard” in English dictionaries as oxford dictionary is something

used or accepted as normal or average. But in the bilingual dictionaries as ALMAANY the word
“standard” is ‫رائد‬-‫ اعتياد ي‬and with some documentary research, we discovered ‫ سائد‬that matches
my context.

➢ Descriptive equivalent: A descriptive equivalent consists in translating a source language/text

word using a description of the concept it refers to in the target language.
Example: Because the reason our managers are micromanaging us is because they actually do
know how to do the job better than us that's got them promoted
‫ السبب الحقيقي الذي يجعل مديرينا يقومون باإلشراف علينا أنهم يعرفون في الواقع كيفية القيام بالوظيفة بشكل أفضل مما‬.
.‫أكسبهم الترقية‬

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Micromanaging: Oxford dictionary defines it to control every part, however small, of (an
enterprise or activity). It was hard to find it in Arabic dictionaries like ALMAANY, it showed up
only in the example as ‫ادارة‬. I understood the English definition and I chose to explain it as a
translation to match it with my context.

2. Grammatical problems:
Grammatical problems include, for example, questions of temporality, asexuality (the
appearance indicates how the process is represented or the state expressed by the verb from the
point of view of its development, as opposed to time itself), pronouns, and whether to make
explicit the subject pronoun or not.
Example: We all have performance issues maybe someone's kid is sick maybe they having
problems in their marriage maybe one of their parents is dying we don't know what's going on in
their lives and of course it will affect performance at work.
‫ فنحن‬،‫ وربما يموت أحد والديه‬،‫ وربما يواجه مشاكل في زواجه‬،‫ضا‬
ً ‫ ربما يكون أحد أطفاله مري‬،‫لدينا جميعًا تخبطات في األداء‬
‫ما الذي يحدث في حياتهم وبالطبع سيؤثر ذلك على األداء في العمل‬
Rhetorical problems

➢ Functional equivalent
A translation method in which the translator attempts to reflect the thought of the writer in the
source language rather than the words and forms. The translator will read a sentence or other unit
of thought, try to understand it as well as possible, and then write that thought in the target
language.
Example: What does empathy look like? here's the lack of empathy this is normal in our business
world you walk into someone's office someone walks into our office and says your numbers have
been down for the third quarter in a row you have to pick up your numbers otherwise I can't
guarantee what the future will look like how inspired you think that person is to come to work
the next day.
‫ حيث تدخل مكتب شخص ما أو يدخل‬، ‫ هذا أمر طبيعي في مجال العمل‬، ‫كيف يبدو التعاطف؟ إليكم مثال لعدم وجود التعاطف‬
‫ أن‬Š‫ وعليك أن ترفع من مستواك وإال ال يمكنني‬، ‫ وتواجهه بأن مستواه قد انخفض للمرة الثالثة علي التوالي‬Š‫أحدهم مكتبك‬
‫ فما مدى تخيلك لحالة هذا الشخص في العمل اليوم التالي؟‬,‫أضمن لك وظيفتك‬

 Pick up your numbers: It refers to improve your work and do more effort on it.

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Syntactical problems
 Syntactical problems may originate in syntactic parallels, the direction of the passive
voice, the focus (the point of view from which a story is organized), or even rhetorical
figures of speech, such as a hyperbaton (the inversion of the natural order of speech) or
an anaphora (repetition of a word or segment at the beginning of a line or a phrase).

➢ Paraphrase: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other

words.
Example: It’s not the people. And yet we're so quick to hire and fire. You can't hire and fire
your children.
‫ ليس لديك الحق في التخلص من‬.‫بالرغم أن المشكلة ال تكمن في األشخاص فغالبًا ما نتهور في عملية التوظيف والفصل‬
.‫أطفالك واستبدالهم‬

Textual problems
When there is a difficult sentence with a clear meaning but hard to transfer it with the target
language.

➢ Paraphrase: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other

words.
Example: If there's if your kids are struggling, we don't say you got to see at school you're up for
adoption.
.‫إذا كان أطفالك يعانون من مشكلة ما فأنت ال تسارع باإلتجاه الي المدرسة لتتبني طفل اخر‬

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 Translation procedures
Modulation
Definition: It occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL
text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear
dissimilar in terms of perspective.
Example:
It means that trust and cooperation are not yet standard in our organizations and yet they should
be and we know that which is why we're looking for ways to bring those things to our
organizations.
Solution/modulation
‫ لكنهما يجب أن يطبقا ونحن نعلم هذا جيدا وبالتالي فاننا نبحث‬، ‫هذا يعني أن الثقة والتعاون ليسا عنصران سائدان في منظماتنا‬
.‫عن طرق لتفعيل تلك المبادئ في منظماتنا‬

Omission
Definition: Dropping a word or words from the SLT while translating without changing the
meaning.
Example:
Difficulty: Leadership is the same we all have the capacity to be a leader doesn't mean everybody
should be a leader and it doesn't mean everybody wants to be a leader and the reason is because
it comes at great personal sacrifice.
Solution/Omission
‫ويسري األمر ذاته مع القيادة فلدينا جميعا القابلية علي أن نصبح قادة ولكن هذا اليعني أنها فرض علي الجميع أو أن كل‬
‫شخص يريد أن يكون قائدا والسبب هو أنها تحتاج تضحيات كبيرة‬

Paraphrase
Definition: A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words. •
Example:
Difficulty: Which is we have to go this through this transition of being responsible for the job
and then turning it to somebody who's now responsible for the people who are responsible for
the job.
Solution/paraphrase
‫هذه المرحلة االنتقالية ستحولنا من كوننا مسئولون عن وظيفة ما الي أشخاص مسئولين عن عمال تقوم بهذه الوظيفة‬

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Example:
Difficulty: Remember you're not in charge you're responsible for those in your charge that means
things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit and when
everything goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility that sucks.
Solution/paraphrase
‫تذكر دائما انك لست صاحب نفوذ بل راع لرعيتك مما يعني ان في حالة النجاح لن تمنح اي تقدير وفي حالة الفشل تتحمل‬
‫عواقبه‬
Example:
Difficulty And so I followed up I said what is it that the four seasons is doing that would make
you say to me I love my job and without skipping a beat Noah said throughout the day managers
will walk past me and ask me how I'm doing if there's anything that I need to do my job better.
Solution/paraphrase
‫لذلك تابعت وسألته ما الذي يفعله الفور سيزونز ليجعلك تحب وظيفتك وبدون تردد قال نوح ان المديرين يطمئنون عليه طوال‬
.‫اليوم ويسألونه إذا كان هناك أي شيء يحتاجه ليؤدي وظيفته بشكل أفضل‬

Functional equivalent
Definition: It requires the use of a culture-neutral word.

Example:
Difficulty: There are two things that I think that great leaders need to have: empathy and
perspective and I think these things are very often forgotten.
Solution/Functional equivalent
‫ و أعتقد أن هذه غالبا ما تهمل‬.‫ التعاطف والرؤية‬:‫ توافرهما في القادة العظماء‬Š‫هناك أمرين أعتقد أنه يتعين‬

Descriptive equivalent
Definition: A descriptive equivalent consists in translating a source language/text word using
a description of the concept it refers to in the target language.
Example
Difficulty: Remember you're not in charge you're responsible for those in your charge that
means things like when everything goes right you have to give away all the credit and when
everything goes wrong you have to take all the responsibility that sucks.

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Solution/Descriptive equivalent
‫ل‬ŠŠ‫ل تتحم‬Š‫تذكر دائما أنك لست صاحب نفوذ بل راع لرعيتك مما يعني أن في حالة النجاح لن تمنح اي تقدير وفي حالة الفش‬
‫عواقبه‬

Example
Difficulty: And without skipping a beat Noah says I love my job.
Solution/Descriptive equivalent
‫ودون تردد قال نوح أنه يحب وظيفته‬

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 Glossary:

Achievement motivation: ‫دوافع االنجاز‬

Assertiveness: ‫تاكيد الذات‬
Attributions:  ‫ الصالحيات‬  
Autocratic leader:  ‫ استبدادي‬Š‫قائد‬/‫مدير‬

Behavior modification: ‫ السلوك‬Š‫تعديل‬/‫تغيير‬

Blemish: ‫وصمة‬/‫عيب‬

Cognitive factors:    ‫العوامل االدراكية‬

Compliance:     ‫التزام‬/‫امتثال‬
Congruence:  ‫تطابق‬/‫توافق‬  
Contingency approach to leadership:    ‫نهج الطوارئ في القيادة‬
Cooperation theory:     ‫نظرية التعاون‬
Crisis leadership:    ‫قيادة األزمة‬

Creativity:   ‫اإلبداع‬

Delegation: ‫التفويض‬
Democratic leader:  ‫الزعيم الديمقراطي‬

Diversity training: ‫التدريب على التنوع‬

Domains of impact: ‫مجاالت التأثير‬
Employee network group: ‫مجموعة شبكة الموظفين‬  

Empowerment: ‫التمكين‬   

Ethics: ‫األخالق‬  
Expectancy: ‫متوسط العمر المتوقع‬   
Expertise approach: ‫نهج الخبرة‬   

Farsightedness: ‫بعد النظر‬  

Flexibility: ‫المرونة‬   

Forced-association technique: Š‫ي‬Š‫ر‬Š‫س‬Š‫ق‬Š‫ل‬Š‫ ا‬Š‫ط‬Š‫ب‬Š‫ر‬Š‫ل‬Š‫ ا‬Š‫ب‬Š‫و‬Š‫ل‬Š‫س‬Š‫أ‬   

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Goal: ‫الهدف‬

Influence: ‫التأثير‬
Informality: ‫الطابع غير الرسمي‬
Initiating structure: ‫هيكل البدء‬

Innovation: ‫االبتكار‬
Integrity:  ‫النزاهة‬ 
Internal locus of control: ‫موقع الرقابة الداخلي‬

Knowledge management (KM): ‫إدارة المعارف‬

Lateral thinking: ‫التفكير الجانبي‬   

Leader-member exchange model (LMX): ‫( نموذج التبادل الرائد‬LMX)
Leadership: ‫القيادة‬   
Leadership effectiveness: ‫فعالية القيادة‬ 

Leadership polarity: ‫قطبية القيادة‬     

Micromanagement: ‫اإلدارة الجزئية‬ 
Normative decision: ‫قرار معياري‬

Organizational creativity: ‫االبتكار‬ ‫التنظيمي‬

Organizational politics: Š‫السياسة التنظيمية‬   

Self-awareness: ‫الوعي الذاتي‬  

Self-discipline: ‫االنضباط الذاتي‬   
Strategic leadership:  ‫القيادة االستراتيجية‬   

Strategic management: ‫اإلدارة االستراتيجية‬

Strategic planning: ‫التخطيط االستراتيجي‬   

Teamwork: ‫العمل الجماعي‬   
Total quality management (TQM): ‫إدارة الجودة الكلية‬

Vision: ‫رؤية‬

Whistleblower ‫تصفير‬:

25
 Conclusion

Translation gives the translator the chance to live several cultures at the same time and to
transmit a foreign language text to the target audience to a language that he understands, it is
not only a question of language but also of culture and it is this is what we tried to do during
translating this video.

As provided in the preceding pages, the video we chose for Simon Sinek “Nobody wins”,
outlines his different ideas about leadership and how to improve the modern workplace by
encouraging others to do what they are best at. He also added some real stories which was
interesting and useful.

It was a good opportunity to be looking for a different mindset that helps and encourages us
to the next stage of our life after graduating from work and dealing with people in the labor
market. We certainly faced difficulties during the translation, but we tried to deal with them
and explain them to deliver correct information to the readers.

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 Citography

“English Idom Dictionary.” IdioMeanings. www.idomeanings.com/.

“English-Arabic Dictionary.” www.en.bab.la/dictionary/English-arabic/

“English Dictionary, Translations & Thesaurus.” Cambridge Dictionary.

www.dictionarycambridge.org

“English Dictionary, Thesaurus & Grammar help / Lexico Dectionaries.” Lexico Dectionaries.
www.lexico.com/en.

“English Dictionary, Glosbe.” Glosbe. www.glosbe.com/en.

“Team, Almaany”. Almaany.com. www.almaany.com

“English Dictionary, Reverso.” ReversoEn. www.reverso.com/en.

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