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COLLEGE OF CRIMININAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

NSTP – CWTS 1

MODULE 5 – WEEK 4

Prepared by: ALBERT B. GALORA

Instructor

Checked by: ANGELO D. VILLANUEVA

NSTP Coordinator

Noted by: MARK P. CIANO, MSCRIM

Dean, Criminology Dept.

Approved by: JOSSETTE Y. PEREZ-DAES, RN

President
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NSTP – CWTS 1
MODULE 5 - WEEK 4

Chapter 4: Leadership Training

Virtuous Cycle of Leadership Control

There has to be awareness of the framework though which transformational leadership

must operate, emphasizing that an active and informed membership is critical to effective
leadership.

A leader has wholehearted faith and belief in the rightness of a cause. A leader who shows
his/her full support to an organization indirectly tell the members to do the same.
1. A leader should be energetic, sympathetic, friendly and understanding to ensure the
enthusiastic cooperation of followers.
2. He/she should have confidence in knowing and doing his/her job to gain the
confidence of followers.
3. He/she should be an example to followers.

Seven Habits of Highly Effective People

Adopted from Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey (2007)
1. Be proactive.
Proactive means being able to take responsibility for your life. You have the freedom to
choose your behavior and response to stimuli. Use your creativity and have some initiative. You
are the one in charge.

2. Begin with the end in mind.

Know where you want to go. When making plans and decisions, see to it that the time and
effort that will be spent conform to what you want to achieve. Envision your goal and make it
happen.
3. Put things first.
Practice self-management. Know your priorities.

4. Think win-win.
Look at life as a cooperative arena, not a competitive one. Enter agreements or make
solutions that are mutually beneficial and satisfying to both parties.

5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood.

As the saying goes, “The best way to understand is to listen.” The practice of empathy
governs this habit. It is about putting yourself in someone else’s shoes. By listening to a person’s
explanation, only then can you evaluate, probe, give advice, and interpret his/her feelings.

6. Synergize.
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The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. More tasks can be done if all things within
reach is maximized and utilized. Synergize is the habit of creative cooperation. Better results can
be produced as a group than as individuals.

7. Sharpen the saw.

What you have learned a couple of years back will have become outdated. Many things evolve
and develop so fast that you need to update through various food-for-the brain resources. A
sense of humor is vital to relieve tension and boredom as well as to defuse hostility. Effective
leaders know how to use humor to energize his/her followers. Humor is a form of power that
provides some control over the work environment even as it fosters camaraderie.

Teamwork

Teamwork is the process of working collaboratively with a group of people in order to

achieve a goal. It is often a crucial part of a business as it is often necessary for colleagues to
work well together and try their best in any circumstance. Teamwork means that people will try to
cooperate by using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any
personal conflict between individuals. Teamwork brings people together for a common purpose
or goal and subordinates the needs of individuals to the needs of the group. Many management
gurus define team as a group of individuals passionately committed to their end goal. When
groups have common goals, teamwork is vital to success. Teachers expect teamwork among
students; employers expect employees to function effectively as a team; and most organizations
convene teams to handle problems or projects. Therefore, it is important to learn teamwork skills
even if you prefer to work independently.

What does teamwork look like in action? Basically, group members focus on the goal.
They put aside individual differences and petty grievances to get the job done. They show passion
for the project and each contributes to its success.

Time Management
The succeeding sections have been adopted from the writing of Paulla Estes edited by
Niki Foster (May 28, 2012).

Time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and budgeting one’s
time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. There is an abundance
of books, classes, workshops, day-planners, and seminars on time management, which teach
individuals and corporations how to be more organized and productive. Time management has
become crucial in recent years, thanks to the 24/7, busy world in which we live.
Time management is important for everyone. While time management books and
seminars often place their focus on business leaders and corporations, time management is also
necessary for students, teachers, factory workers, professionals, and homemakers. Time
management is perhaps most essential for the person who runs a business of his/ her own or not.
Managing work and home responsibilities under the same roof takes a special type of time
management.

An important aspect of time management is planning ahead. Sometimes, successful time

management involves putting in more time at the outset in order to reorganize one’s life. Though
many time management books and teachings differ in their suggestions, most agree that the first
step in efficient time management is to organize the workspace. Even if one’s schedule is well
ordered but if the office and filing systems are a disaster, time will be wasted trying to work
efficiently in a disorderly place.
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After cleaning, purging, and reorganizing the home or office, the next step in time
management is to look at all the activities one participates in during a week. Every last detail
should be written down, including the time it takes to shower, dress, commute, attend meetings,
make phone calls, clean the house, cook dinner, pick up the children from school, take them to
after-school activities, and eat meals. Also include time for entertainment or exercise, such as
driving to the gym, going for a walk, watching television, or surfing the Internet.

Often, when individuals write down every last activity, they find that there is very little time
left for sleeping. The end result is that many activities must be pared down, eliminated,
consolidated, or delegated. Prioritizing activities on a scale of one to three – one being most
important and three being the least – can help with this task.

Lastly, good time management involves keeping a schedule of the tasks and activities that
have been deemed important. Keeping a calendar or daily planner is helpful to stay on task, but
self-discipline is also required. The most efficient to-do list in the world will not help someone who
does not look at or follow his/her own daily planner.

Of course, the other side of the argument is to remember to live. Get on top of your time
management, get organized, and stay on task, but live your life. Schedule some time off every
day and at least one day off each week. Be organized, but do not be a slave to time management.

Decision-making

Decision-making is a process that involves selecting the most logical choice from among
two or more options. An example is deciding whether to move to a new apartment, to live with the
in-laws, or stay in the same apartment. Making a decision is instrumental in the survival and
prosperity of human beings. The right choice is what sets an average individual from the rest.
Although the ability of making the correct decision within a short span of time is a highly valued
trait, we cannot simply follow a set of patterns when deciding on a course of action at all points in
time. There are different types of decision-making that we do depending on the situation at hand.

Consider the following in decision-making:

1. Identification of alternative solutions;
2. Evaluation of possible options to determine which one meets the decision
objective;
3. Selection of the best option after an in-depth evaluation.

Involvement in Decision-making

Every group has to make a decision at one time or another and all the members have to
make a commitment to choose the best option available. The following are the different types of
involvement in making decisions:
1. Consensus or agreement involves compromising various possibilities after all opinions
have been heard. Disagreements and minority viewpoints are discussed fully.
Everyone feels free to express himself/herself. This method helps build understanding,
unity, cooperation, and commitment.
2. Majority voting is considered the most effective way to make a decision. However, one
may lose the interest of loyalty of the members of the minority who voted against the
decision, especially if they feel their side was not heard.
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3. The minority is not consciously organized, but a few powerful personalities dominate
the group, often unconsciously. These people later wonder why the others are
apathetic.
4. The silent consensus of some groups leads to unanimous decisions. This type of
involvement in decision-making is rarely applied when tackling important issues.
Unanimous agreement is sometimes assumed when some members do not want to
disagree and have chosen to stay silent.
5. The clique is a small group whose members plan beforehand to get their way in
decision-making. Because they are better organized than those who disagree, they
are often successful in getting/having their own way in resolving an immediate issue,
but they bring a spirit of rivalry, rather than cooperation to the group.
6. The handclasp happens when one person makes a suggestion and another
commends it. Without further discussion, the matter is decided. Resentment, however,
surfaces later on.
7. The one-person decision is quickly made, but later when the decider needs free or
voluntary support from others to implement the decision, he/she might find trouble
getting it.
8. The plop occurs when a group makes a decision by not making a decision at all,
someone makes a suggestion, but it is dropped or junked altogether and no one pays
any attention to it.

Difficulties in Decision-making
1. Fear of consequences brings division and disagreement.
2. Conflicting loyalties of one person as a member of different groups frequently leads to
divided loyalties about decisions.
3. Interpersonal conflicts and personal differences evoke various feelings among
members, which interfere with sound decision-making.
4. Hidden agenda or secret motive can hinder decision-making for reasons a member
does not share with the group.
5. Blundering methods include using rigid procedure that leaves little room for expressing
differing views, substituting personal opinions for adequate information, and
disregarding proper consultation or consensus.
6. Inadequate leadership restricts the expression of opinions and discussion on issues.
Leaders fail to provide assistance in selecting appropriate methods for decision-
making or are insensitive to the factors that cause difficulty in the group.
7. Clash of interest occurs when different groups or individuals within an organization
have opposing interests.

Reference: Human Person Gearing towards Social Development: NSTP-CWTS 1

Worktext for College Students, Second Edition
By: Herminigildo S. Villasoto, Noemi S. Villasoto