BRIDGE ELEMENTS

BRIDGE ELEMENTS

• Also known as DIAGONAL ELEMENTS

• First member of the family can be quite unlike the other members
• It more closely resembles the 2nd member of the adjacent group
to the right
 GROUP 1B ELEMENTS

“COINAGE METALS”
 PROPERTIES

• Occur free in the metallic state

• Easy to recover from ores
• Very malleable
• also known as the COINAGE METALS
 PROPERTIES

• HEAVY METALS
• High Density
• Precipitate Protein
 • Toxic
• Essential trace element
• Small quantity enhance the
COPPER physiological utilization of Fe

• Fungicide, insecticide, algaecide

• Only reddish colored metal
• 3rd most malleable
• 3rd best conductor of
electricity
• Protein precipitant
• Occurs in the respiratory
pigment hemocyanin and
Cytochrome oxidase
 WILSON’S DISEASE

• Copper poisoning

• Antidote: PENICILLAMINE
 COPPER SULFATE

• (CuSO4· 5H2O)
• “Blue vitriol, Blue Stone”
• basis for Fehling’s, Barfoed’s, and Benedict’s Solution
(the classic test solutions for reducing sugars)
• A – contain CuSO4
• B – cont. NaOH, KNaC4H4O6
• Antidote for Phosphorus poisoning
• Component of BORDEAUX MIXTURE
• an algaecide/ fungicide in swimming pools
• Contains CuSO4 and CaO
 COPPER ACETOARSENATE

• “Paris Green”
• Insecticide
 ALLOYS OF COPPER

• Bronze – Cu + Sn
• Brass – Cu + Zn
  Oligodynamic action
 Provide local germicidal action
SILVER
 AgNO3 → ability of Ag to ppt
CHON & Cl- in the affected
tissue

• 2nd most malleable metal

• 2nd best conductor of electricity
 ARGYRIA

• Ag poisoning
• Darkening of the skin due to chronic use of
Ag
 SILVER SULFADIAZINE

 topically as germicide
 Mild Ag CHON – ophthalmology
 Toughened AgNO3 → cast into sticks
and used as styptics
 SILVER NITRATE

• AgNO3
• “Lunar Caustic, Lapiz Infernulariz, Soluble Salt, Caustic Salt, Indelible Ink”

• Removal of warts
• Eyewash for newly born babies of mother with gonorrhea
 AMMONIATED SILVER NITRATE

• Ag(NH3)2NO3
• “Howe’s Solution”

• Dental protective
• Ingredient of Tollen’s Reagent
 SILVER IODIDE

• AgI
• Germicide
 SILVER PROTEINATES

• Mild Silver Protein (ARGYROL)

• 19 – 23/25%
• Antiseptic for the eyes

• Strong Silver Protein (PROTARGOL)

• 7.5 – 8.5%
• Antiseptic for the eyes

• Colloidal Silver Protein (COLLARGOL)

• 18 -22%
• General germicide
 • Autooxidation

• Treatment of Lupus
GOLD Erythematosus and Rheumatoid
Arthritis

• DIMERCAPROL (BAL) –
Antidote for Au toxicity
 PROPERTIES

• “Aurum”
• “King of all metals”
• – Very soft metal

• Most malleable
• Best conductor of electricity
• S/E: Contact Dermatitis
 COMPOUNDS OF GOLD

• Gold Sodium Thiomalate

• Auronofin (Oral)
 USED TO DISSOLVE GOLD

• Selenic Acid
• Aqua Regia or Royal Water
• 3 HCl + 1 HNO
 PURPLE OF CASSIUS

•Pigment containing Gold and

Stannic Acid