To the good as Like - dislike

enjoyable Desire- aversion

Sensitive (concupiscible) Joy- sorrow

emotion
To the good as Hope - despair
difficult Courage - fear
(irascible) Anger
Appetition

Intellectual
(the will)
 External senses Sight, hearing

Sensitive
Coordinating
Internal senses Memory
Imagination
Knowledge Instinct

Intellectual
B. Human Tendencies:
Not all tendencies are
instincts
Activity:

Read “Man’s search for meaning” and

analyze
Instincts

● Are the vegetative functions necessary for life and

hence are called “vital”
● Self-conservation through food and nutrition and
reproduction through sex. These are the basic
animal instincts.
Three basic tendencies in living
beings:
tendency toward self-
realization, self-conservation
and self-reproduction.
In animals:
tendencies are
executed
instinctively,
mediated by
unconscious
knowledge.
In man:
it is principled by knowledge
from beginning to the end.
Conscious intelligence.
Nutrition and reproduction
in man are no longer merely
biological needs.
 Education of the tendencies

1. Nutritive tendency - through a

diet
2. Motor - dance movement
3. Sexual -exercised within marriage
4. Sight - to focus and observe
5. Auditory - attentiveness
Human tendencies are
not used simply to survive.
This is the task of forming one’s
personality and character. It happens
by our own doing and choice but
always in accord to the Ultimate
Truth & Good.
Building my personality includes my
affective side.
Because
Personality is the
entirety of habits
forged by
personal
decisions and
education.
One has
character
when a
person has a
mature
personality.
Man is capable of habits and virtues. He is
capable of work, science, technology, law,
etc. Man has culture and history. He
transcends his biological survival
instinctive needs. He is intelligent and
free.
 Freedom

breaks the S-R circuit in man. The

indetermination of man’s tendencies
require ethics or norms to guide it.
Q: How must man guide
and direct his
tendencies? Are virtues
out of fashion
(traditional)?
C. Bodily Sentient
Tendencies
 1. Another tendency derived
from bodily power:
Reproductive
a. Sexuality - manners of
being human
b. Sexuality is for the
person and not vice
versa.
Each human being
experiences himself as a
corporeal-spiritual
individual.
The manner in which I exist in the world and establish
relations with others is characterized by my corporeity
with its spatiality (my figure, my lienaments),
temporality (age and state of development), and
sexuality (femininity and masculinity).
Corporeity concerns the whole
person in the sense that our mind
and our spiritual activities also
depend upon our bodies.
It follows that sexual identity is not just an
anatomical configuration but marks the
entire existence of the male individual and
the female individual.
Sex - biological physiological fact
Sexuality -the configuration of the entire person
in accordance with a male or female identity

Sexuality is yet another expression of the unity of the

entire human person, in whom body, mind, and
spirit cannot be separated comprehensibly.
The fact that sexuality affects the entire person
means that the individual also has a very
specific duty:
that of integrating his
or her masculinity or
femininity into the
overall framework of
his or her life
1. Sexuality and person

1) Sexuality defined.

… we are conscious of our sexuality in

two ways:
1. I am conscious that it
is I who lives in the
body that is in fact
mine alone.
I am conscious that I
have a male or female
body. Being male or
female are like two
modes of being body.
2. I am conscious of the
meaning of my body, a
meaning that allows me
to orient it towards my
own ends.
2) Sex – is constitutive of the person; it is not
simply an attribute.

A person does not only have a sex but is intrinsically

and always sexed “sessuata”, as either male or female.
3) What it means to be a male or a female.

“To be” is one thing and the “manner of being” is

another.
● Being male and female are concrete manners of
being human, of being person.
● Man is a uni-duality because there is sexual
difference within a common humanity.
● There is only one human nature in the abstract. But
in reality, singular individual persons are either
male or female.
● A person is differentiated by another person. What
differentiates a male person is the female person.
4) Man and woman are different because they are two
types of persons who open themselves to each other,
reciprocally, differently, and complementarily.
What this tells us is that..

● Their sexual difference is at the ontological level, at

the level of a person, reaching the most intimate
“I”.
● Male and female reciprocally mirror each other and
in the process, discover their own sexed condition.
What this tells us is that..

● They discover that the other is not just another

person but is another manner of being person
configured by sexuality.
● The “I” of male is affirmed simultaneously by the
existence of another like him, another “I”, a you
affirmed by the “I” female.
What this tells us is that..

● Reciprocity is based on this sexual difference.

● The human person fulfills and understands him or
herself thanks to the reciprocity between man and
woman, the reciprocity between the male person
and the female person.
● The duality of the sexes implies specificity.
5) Their complementarity is relative, towards the
other.
● Male and female are
a complete person,
a total unity of body,
affectivity and spirit.
Their equality is
differentiated.
6) Sexuality – as the self-giving of male and female in
sexual love is the visible expression of an interior moral
structure of their human nature.
What this tells us is that..

● It discloses something true about the person.

● Sex and body are never outside the full dimension
of man and of the communion of persons.
● Human sexuality shares and expresses a person’s
dignity because through it, a person is capable of
giving himself in totality to another.
 7) Sexuality is human because it belongs to and is for
the person.

● The person was not made for sexuality, but sexuality

for the person.
● The person was made out of love and for love. It is a
personal giving of man and woman.
● Man is called to give him or herself to others in love.
End of Lesson 3