‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬

‫‪-‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻮاص اﻻﻋﺪاد‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺲ واﻟﺠﺬور ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺴﻮر )ﺟﻤﻊ وطﺮح وﺿﺮب وﻗﺴﻤﺔ ( ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫‪-‬اﻻﻗﻮاس اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﻌﯿﺔ وﻣﻔﻜﻮك اﻻﻗﻮاس واﻛﻤﺎل ﺗﺮﺑﯿﻊ اﻟﻘﻮس ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻻﺷﻜﺎل واﺣﺠﺎﻣﮫﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت واﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﺨﺮوط واﻟﻜﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬

‫!‬
‫𝒎𝒙‬ ‫𝒙𝒄 ‪𝒙𝟐 ±‬‬ ‫‪𝒙$‬‬
‫𝒄‪#‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫‪a‬‬

‫𝟏‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫𝒉 𝟑𝒓𝝅 𝟑 = ‪V‬‬
 ‫_ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ اﻟدﻣﺞ‬
‫‪X+(Y+Z)=(X+Y)+Z‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬ ‫‪X(YZ) = (XY)Z‬‬
‫_ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ‬
‫‪4(3+5) = 4*3 + 4*5 X (Y+Z) = XY+XZ‬‬
‫_ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻛوس اﻟﺟﻣﻌﻲ‬
‫‪X + (- X ) = 0 X+(-x)= 0‬‬ ‫ﻛل ﻋدد ‪ X‬ﻟﮫ ﻣﻌﻛوس ﺟﻣﻌﻲ ‪ –x‬ﺣﯾث‬
‫_ ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻛوس اﻟﺿرﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻛل ﻋدد ‪ X‬ﻟﮫ ﻣﻌﻛوس ﺿرﺑﻲ‪ X -1‬ﺣﯾث ‪X ( X -1 ) = 1‬‬
‫𝟏‪$‬‬ ‫𝒙‬
‫𝒙⋅𝒙‬ ‫𝟏= =‬
‫𝒙‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺲ واﻟﺠﺬور‬
‫𝟐𝟑 = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐 ⋅ 𝟐𝟐‬
‫‪2#‬‬ ‫‪$‬‬ ‫‪= 2% = 64‬‬

‫‪2⋅3‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪= 2# ⋅ 3#‬‬

‫‪&#‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫=‪= #‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪$%‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2$% 3% 9‬‬
‫= ‪= $% = %‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫𝟐𝟐‬ ‫𝟑‪𝟐$‬‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫=‬ ‫𝟐‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫𝟑𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‪𝟐𝟑$‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟑𝟐‬
‫𝟑‬
‫𝟏 = 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟑‪= 𝟐𝟑$‬‬
‫𝟐‬

‫'‬ ‫' (‬ ‫(‬

‫‪2%‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2%‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫'‬
‫‪2 %‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺲ واﻟﺠﺬور‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟑‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐‬
‫=𝟐‬ ‫𝟐𝟐‬ ‫∷‬ ‫𝟐𝟐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟑𝟐‬

‫𝟑‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟔‬
‫=𝟐‬ ‫≡𝟐‬ ‫𝟔𝟐‬

‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬

‫=𝟑⋅𝟐‬ ‫𝟑 𝟐‬

‫𝟐‬
‫𝟑‬ ‫𝟑‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬

‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐𝟑‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟐𝟑‬ ‫𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑 =‬

‫𝟒 𝒊 = 𝟒 𝟏‪−𝟒 = −‬‬
 ‫‪ -3‬ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛﺳور‬
‫‪4 3 4+3 7‬‬
‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4 3 4−3 7‬‬
‫= ‪−‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4 3 4⋅3‬‬
‫𝟑 𝟒‬ ‫𝟔 ‪𝟒 ⋅ 𝟓 𝟑 ⋅ 𝟐 𝟐𝟎 +‬‬ ‫= ⋅‬
‫‪2 5 2⋅5‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫𝟓 𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬

‫𝟑 𝟒‬ ‫𝟔 ‪𝟒 ⋅ 𝟓 𝟑 ⋅ 𝟐 𝟐𝟎 −‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬
‫𝟓 𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬ ‫𝟓𝟐‬

‫𝟐‪𝟒 𝟑 𝟒:‬‬ ‫𝟎𝟐 𝟒 ‪𝟓.‬‬

‫= ÷‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫𝟐 ⋅ 𝟑 𝟓‪𝟐 𝟓 𝟑⁄‬‬ ‫𝟔‬
 ‫‪ -4‬ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗواس‬

‫𝟕 = 𝟗 ‪𝟒𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟒 + 𝟑 𝟒 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟎 −‬‬

‫‪3+4‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪= 3% + 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 + 4% = 9 + 24 + 16 = 49‬‬

‫‪3−4‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪= 3% − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 + 4% = 9 − 24 + 16 = 1‬‬

‫'‬
‫‪3+4‬‬ ‫'‪= 27 + 3 ⋅ 3% ⋅ 4 + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4% + 4‬‬

‫‪= 27 + 108 + 144 + 64 = 343‬‬

‫‪3−4‬‬ ‫'‬ ‫'‪= 27 − 3 ⋅ 3% ⋅ 4 + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4% − 4‬‬

‫‪= 27 - 108 + 144 - 64 = -1‬‬

 ‫‪ -4‬ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗواس‬

‫‪4' + 3' = 4 + 3 4% − 12 + 9‬‬ ‫‪64 − 48 + 36 + 48 − 36 + 27 = 64 + 27 = 91‬‬

‫‪4' − 3' = 4 − 3 4% + 12 + 9‬‬ ‫‪64 + 48 + 36 − 48 − 36 − 27 = 64 − 27 = 37‬‬

‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐𝒄‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ 𝒙𝒄 ‪𝒙 ±‬‬ ‫_إﻛﻣﺎل اﻟﻣرﺑﻊ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒙‪𝒚+‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐𝒙 ‪= 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐 ⋅ 𝒚 ⋅ 𝒙 +‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪𝟔2‬‬
‫‪4 +4⋅𝟔 +‬‬ ‫𝟑‪𝟒+‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐𝟑 ‪= 𝟒𝟐 + 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟒 ⋅ 𝟑 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬
 ‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت واﻷﺣﺟﺎم‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫𝒃𝒂 = 𝑺‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟐 𝟏‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن ﺿﻠﻌﻲ اﻟﻣﺛﻠث ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﯾن ﻓﺎن اﻟﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻛون 𝒂‬
‫𝟐‬
‫‪b‬‬

‫𝒃𝒂 = 𝑺‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪L= 2a+2b‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﺿﻼع اﻟﻣﺳﺗطﯾل ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻛون 𝟐𝒂‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪a‬‬

‫𝒉𝒂 = 𝑺‬
‫𝒉‬
‫‪L= 2a+2b‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫𝟏‬
‫=𝑺‬ ‫𝒉 𝒃‪𝒂+‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒉‬
‫‪b‬‬
 ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪𝑐 % = 𝑎% + 𝑏 %‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫=𝑐‬ ‫‪𝑎% + 𝑏 %‬‬

‫‪b‬‬ ‫=𝑐‬ ‫‪𝑎% + 𝑎%‬‬ ‫اذا ﻛﺎن ﺿﻠﻌﻲ اﻟﻣﺛﻠث ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﯾن ﻓﺎن‬

‫=𝑐‬ ‫‪2 𝑎%‬‬

‫‪𝑐=𝑎 2‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪𝝓𝒓𝟐 /2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠزاوﯾﺔ ﻓﺎي‬ ‫𝟐 𝐫𝛑 = 𝑺‬

‫𝝓‬
‫𝒓𝝅𝟐 =‪L‬‬
‫𝑟𝜙‬ ‫طول اﻟﻘوس اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻟﻠزاوﯾﺔ ﻓﺎي‬
 𝑺=𝝅 ab
a
b
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝑳 = 𝟐𝝅
𝟐

a
𝑺 = 𝛑 (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 )
r 𝒔 = 𝝅𝒂𝟐 − 𝝅𝒓𝟐

= 𝝅 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐
 𝑎 %
𝑎% = + ℎ%
a 4
a 𝑎%
% %
h ℎ =𝑎 −
4
4𝑎% − 𝑎%
a ℎ% =
4
3𝑎% 𝑎%
ℎ= = 3
4 2%

𝑎
ℎ= 3
2

1𝑎
S= ℎ
22
1𝑎 𝑎
S= 3
22 2

𝑎%
S= 3
4
 𝟒
V = 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟑

r 𝑺 = 𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐

𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉
h 𝑺 = 2𝝅r 𝒉
r

𝟏 𝟑
h 𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓 𝒉
𝟑
r 𝑺 = 𝝅𝒓 𝒓𝟐 + 𝒉𝟐
 ‫إﯾﺟﺎد أطوال اﻷوﺗﺎر واﻷﻗطﺎر‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫𝝓‬

‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫𝟐𝒃 ‪𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 +‬‬

‫𝟐𝒄‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟐𝒂‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫𝟐𝒃‬ ‫𝝓 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ‪−‬‬ ‫‪( 𝒂𝟐 +‬‬ ‫𝟐𝒃‬ ‫)‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬

‫𝟐 𝒂=𝒒‬
‫𝟑 𝒂=𝒓‬
‫‪a‬‬
 a
r

𝒒
a q r a r

=
𝒂
𝟐
a
a
%
𝑟 % = 𝑎% + 𝑎 2
𝑟 % = 𝑎% + 2𝑎%
𝑟 % = 𝑎% (1 + 2)
𝒓=𝒂 𝟑