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Relationship Between Maritime Students' Attitude towards School Related

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Article · June 2017

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 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Relationship Between Maritime Students’ Asia Pacific Journal of
Maritime Education
Attitude towards School Related Factors and Vol. 3 No. 1, 31-37
June 2017
Academic Performance P-ISSN: 2423-2033
E-ISSN: 2467-513X
Abner A. Atienza, Joselito P. Flores, Pascual Manalo, apjme@lpubatangas.edu.ph
Teresa E. Bacay, Ma. Rosario B. Tamayo, Jake M. Laguador www.apjme.apjmr.com
Lyceum International Maritime Academy, Lyceum of the Philippines
University, Batangas City, Philippines

Abstract - Academic performance is considered one of the important measures of student progress in
educational institutions. Therefore, identifying to some extent the factors that might affect this performance
was explored on this study using the school-related variables. The study aims to determine the correlation
between the academic performance of Maritime students and attitude towards school-related factors in
terms of teachers, other students, the way classes are handled, instructional materials and facilities.
Descriptive type of research method was utilized in the study with 165 Maritime students as respondents.
Results revealed that the Maritime students have high positive attitude primarily in the school facilities
followed by Instructional materials and other students while the least variables towards teachers and the
way classes are handled. The variables related to teaching and learning process are positively correlated
with the academic performance which signifies that those Maritime students with higher positive attitude
towards teachers, the way classes are handled and instructional materials have also higher academic
performance.
Keywords: academic performance, maritime students, instructional materials

INTRODUCTION classmates, state-of-the-art facilities and which is free

Academic performance is one of the measures of
student achievement that quantify the capability of the
learner to do the activities or tasks as requirements for
the fulfillment of a certain degree or course. Marine
Transportation requires specific skills and competency
in seamanship, navigation and among others where
academic performance is considered an important
gauge to determine the academic growth and
attainment of student outcomes. There are some factors
that may influence the performance of future seafarers
that this study would like to explore. The attitude of the
students as emphasized in most studies are considered
contributory factor to the performance that which
provides a driving force for a behavioral intention to act
based on the cognitive response coming from the
environment (Salmela-Aro et al., 2008; Velasco et al.,
2015; Mendoza et al., 2014; Bacay, Dotong &
Laguador, 2015; Laguador, 2013). Attitude is one
important building block of a person particularly the
students to achieve their aspirations successfully or
sometimes experience hopelessness and dejection.
Possessing the right attitude towards something would
mean an exceptional end result and vice-versa.
The environment really affects the attitude of the
person. If a certain student works and occupies an
atmosphere which has excellent teachers, friendly
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from negative influence and peer-pressure, he is
expected to perform very well in school and obtain high
grades as measures of having a first-class school
environment. Agena et al. (2015) mentioned that social
interaction of the students within the classroom
environment involves the teachers and their classmates
where teaching and learning activities are being
facilitated which need to be improved and addressed
some factors that may somehow influence the learning
process. The University provides school facilities,
relevant curriculum and training that will prepare the
students for future employment (Orence & Laguador,
2013; Dotong, 2014; Chavez et al., 2016; Dotong et al.,
2016). Maristela Jr, (2015) and Dacuray et al., (2015)
emphasized that the physical plant and facilities are
major considerations in developing the proficiency of
the students to handle equipment and machines needed
for their respective fields of specialization. This is the
reason why do the researchers need to pursue this study
because it attempts to determine whether if there is a
significant relationship between the academic
performance of Maritime students from one Higher
Education Institution in the Philippines.
Attitudes of Maritime students towards some
selected variables will be given emphasis to determine
the factors that influence their academic performance
 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
through examining some school – related variables.
When a student fails to submit his assignment/project
on-time or absolutely fails the subject, most people
blame the teachers to this end. Teacher is not the only
factor must consider to the academic performance of
the students. Through the implementation of the
Outcomes-based education (OBE), teachers serve as
facilitators of learning while the students at the center
of the process. Akınoğlu and Tandoğan (2007) noted
that the student-centered active learning process within
which teacher is merely a guide is the focal point of
contemporary education systems. Student-centered
teaching and learning is the recommended approach to
modern day pedagogy especially in the Outcomes-
based Education where the teachers served as the
facilitator of learning activities rather than performing
the traditional lecture method (Laguador, 2014;
Laguador & Dotong, 2014; Caguimbal et al., 2013;
Guico & Dolor, 2013).
The changing landscape of the education puts the
mindset of the HEIs on the perspective of successfully
achieving the learning outcomes as measure of quality
instruction and delivery of educational services to the
students. Therefore, considering other factors rather
than teachers could help the system enhance the
deployment of all services. In this research, the
students’ attitude towards their classmates, the way
classes are handled, facilities and instructional
materials will be included as variables to be looked
into.
In this way, the LIMA faculty members in general
will be given insights on how the students feel about
their presence inside the classroom and the way they
handled the class. Administrators will also be provided
an idea on how to make the class schedules more
appropriate to the kind of students they have. The
students themselves will also be oriented regarding
their attitudes towards one another. This will also serve
as a reference guide to the future researchers who
would like to delve in the same study but in different
time and setting.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
It is the major purpose of this study to determine
the relationship between the academic performance of
Maritime students at Lyceum International Maritime
Academy and their attitudes towards some school-
related factors.
Specifically, it aims to determine the academic
performance of 1st Year Maritime students during 2nd
Semester of Academic Year 2015-2016; determine the
attitude manifested by the students along the following
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school-related factors: teachers; other students; class
schedule; the way classes are handled; facilities; and
instructional materials; test the significant relationship
between the academic performance of maritime
students and their attitude towards some school –
related factors.
METHODS
The normative survey under the descriptive type of
research will be utilized in the study. Descriptive
survey method is appropriate for data derived from
simple observational situations, whether these are
actually physically observed or observed through the
use of a questionnaire or poll techniques (Zulueta &
Costales, 2006).
Respondents
The respondents of the study are the 165 selected
First Year Marine Engineering and Marine
Transportation students enrolled during 2nd Semester
A.Y. 2015-2016.
Instrument
The survey questionnaire for determining the
attitude of the students towards some school-related
variables was used to collect data and information. This
instrument was adapted from the study of Flores et al.
(2015). It was already modified by the researchers and
content-validated by one guidance counselor, the
Department Chair of Marine Transportation and by the
Research Director. The reliability of the instrument was
also tested which obtained a Cronbach Alpha value of
0.819 which implies that the instrument was reliable
with “Good” internal consistency.
A documentary analysis was also utilized where
the academic performance of the 1st Year Marine
Engineering and Marine Transportation students
during 1st semester of AY 2015-2016 was obtained
from the Registrar’s Office.
Procedure
The questionnaires were personally distributed by
the researchers to the students. The identified
respondents were given an informed consent to ask
whether they are willing to participate in the study. The
objective of the research was also discussed and all
students who agreed to participate were invited in one
session to answer the questionnaires. The researchers
also explained that the data will be gathered from the
study will be treated with strict confidentiality.
 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Data Analysis Table 2 presents the attitude of the Maritime
Frequency count, weighted mean and percentage students towards any teacher. The composite mean
were the statistical tools used to describe the academic score of 3.22 implies that the students have high
performance and the attitude of the respondents positive attitude in general towards any teacher in the
towards some selected school related variables while University. The Maritime students strongly agree that
Pearson-Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was the teachers use vocabulary best suited to the average
used to test the significant relationship between the students (3.52). Language use in the classroom to
academic performance and attitude. The given scale discuss or demonstrate the lessons is an important
was used to interpret the result of the study: 3.50-4.00: aspect of teaching and learning process that enables the
Strongly Agree/Very High; 2.50-3.49: Agree/High; students to understand easily some abstract concepts.
1.50-2.49: Disagree/ Low; 1.00-1.4: Strongly Meanwhile, they agreed that their teachers grade fairly
Disagree/Very Low. (3.37), natural leaders (3.29), know the subject (3.23)
and give individual help willingly (3.21). Maritime
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION teachers are considerate in giving lectures where they
Table 1. Academic Performance of the Surveyed utilize actual experiences on board ship to relate the
Student-Respondents topics to the duties of deck cadets. They also express
General Weighted Average F % fairness in treating all the students as equal in giving
grades which is one of the characteristics of good
High (1.00 – 1.75) 8 5
leaders.
Average (1.76-2.50) 85 52
Low (2.51 and below) 72 44 Likewise, they agreed that their teachers give test
questions which are clearly understood (3.19), can talk
Total 165 100
well on many subjects (3.16) and make the subject
matter interesting (3.11). Since majority of the teachers
There are 85 or 52 percent of the surveyed
have onboard ship experience, they can share their
Maritime students have an average level of General
practices and technical know-how to the Maritime
Weighted Average (GWA) followed by the group of 72
students which directly connects the theories and
or 44 percent with Low GWA from 2.51 and below
principles to the actual scenario and conditions. On that
while the least group of 8 or 5 percent with high GWA
note, students can raise their motivation to believe on
from 1.75 and above.
how things are being done onboard vessels. Tella
(2007) emphasized that the issues of motivation of
Table 2. Attitude Towards Any Teacher
students in education and the impact on academic
Attitude Towards Any
Teacher
WM VI Rank performance are considered as an important aspect of
1. Know the subject. 3.23 Agree 4
effective learning.
2. Grade fairly. However, understanding young people (3.06) and
3.37 Agree 2
3. Give individual help
inspiring the students with confidence in their own
3.21 Agree 5 abilities (3.04) obtained the least weighted mean
willingly.
4. Give test questions scores. Maritime teachers are professional deck officers
which are clearly 3.19 Agree 6 and some of them do not have units in education as
understood. orientation course before they were given their first
5. Understand young
3.06 Agree 9
teaching load. Therefore, some teaching pedagogies
people. that would somehow help them understand the needs of
6. Are natural leader. 3.29 Agree 3 the students are not yet acquired from their previous
7. Can talk well on many experience. Developing the potentials of the students
3.16 Agree 7
subjects. from delivering quality instructions is one thing that
8. Inspire the students with should be considered by the Maritime teachers to hone
confidence in their own 3.04 Agree 10
and equip the students with the proper knowledge,
abilities.
9. Make the subject matter
skills and attitude.
3.11 Agree 8 Table 3 presents the attitude of the Maritime
interesting.
10. Use vocabulary best students towards other students. The composite mean
Strongly score of 3.34 implies that the Maritime students have
suited to the average 3.52 1
Agree
students. high positive attitude towards other students in the
Composite Mean 3.22 Agree University.
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 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 3. Attitude Towards Other Students character and personality of each and everyone they
Attitudes Toward WM VI Rank meet in the University.
Other Students
1. I find it easy to take Table 4. Attitude Towards the Way Classes are
a genuine interest in Handled
Strongly
the activities of 3.55 2 Attitudes toward the Way
Agree WM VI Rank
some of my Classes are Handled
classmates 1. I like to participate in the
2. Some of my discussion with my 2.41 Disagree 3
friends/classmates teacher.
consistently do 3.37 Agree 3 2. I like to do practical
things of which I 2.54 Agree 2
exercises and seat works.
approved. 3. I like it when teacher
3. Maritime students always asked questions to 2.32 Disagree 4
are matured socially 3.18 Agree 4 students.
and emotionally. 4. I like laboratory classes to
4. Some people whom Strongly
enhance my hands-on 3.62 1
I know are humble Agree
3.03 Agree 5 experience
and or easy to live
Composite Mean 2.72 Agree
with.
5. The success of most
students I know The composite mean score of 2.71 implies that the
seems primarily Strongly students have moderately high positive attitude towards
3.59 1 the way classes are handled as presented in Table 4.
from their Agree
determination and The student-respondents strongly agreed that they
motivation like laboratory classes to enhance their hands-on
Composite Mean 3.34 Agree experience (3.62) while they agreed that they like to do
practical exercises and seat works (2.54). They believe
The maritime students strongly agree that the on the constructivist theory of learning by doing where
success of most students they know seems primarily they can directly apply and enhance their knowledge
from their determination and motivation (3.59) and through actual hands-on activities and problem solving
they find it easy to take a genuine interest in the state. They were given adequate laboratory hours in the
activities of some of their classmates (3.55). It is good use of navigational facilities. Agena et al. (2015) stated
to note that the Maritime students are optimistic on how that providing proper instruction and direction would
they see other students achieved success through lead to well-informed members of the class towards a
having enthusiasm, hope and inspiration in life. They successful teaching and learning process which defines
agree that some of their friends/classmates consistently certain rules and regulations to follow by everyone for
do things of which they approved (3.37) and Maritime an orderly manner of day-to-day classroom activities.
students are matured socially and emotionally (3.18). However, they disagreed in their willingness to
Making positive and significant meaning to the participate in the discussion with their teacher (2.41)
activities of other students is a sign of appreciation, and when the teacher always asked questions to
respect and acceptance on the way people play their students (2.32). It seems that these students do not want
role in the academic community. Since majority of to actively participate in the discussion. They tend to
them are males, they have common interest that bring listen passively without any interaction or intention to
them together in harmony. Agena et al (2015) affirmed contribute in the progress of the topic or lesson. They
that collaboration among students provides healthy are common students who need more confidence and
competition and cooperation within the classroom encouragement to express their ideas and opinions.
setting. Table 5 presents the attitude towards instructional
However, some people whom they know are materials. They strongly agree that the instructional
humble and or easy to live with (3.03) obtained the least materials give better appreciation of the topics being
weighted mean score. They still need to know the discussed (3.57). Visual aids help the students figure
nature and behavior of other students within their out the abstract concepts and follow thoroughly the
sphere in order for them to fully understand the method through demonstration of actual process on

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 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
how vessel facilities and equipment work efficiently Table 6. Attitude Towards Facilities
and productively. Attitudes toward Facilities WM VI Rank
1. Adequate books are 3.18 Agree 5
Table 5. Attitude Towards Instructional Materials available at the library.
Instructional Materials WM VI Rank 2. There are adequate 3.31 Agree 4
1. Help students understand laboratories in the school.
3.36 Agree 3
the lessons. 3. Classrooms are wide 3.61 Strongly 1
2. Suitable for Maritime enough. Agree
3.46 Agree 2
students. 4. The environment is 3.52 Strongly 3
3. Enhance the learning conducive to learning Agree
3.18 Agree 5
experience. 5. The classrooms are well- 3.59 Strongly 2
4. Give better appreciation of Strongly ventilated. Agree
3.57 1
the topics being discussed Agree Composite Mean 3.44 Agree
5. Develop better
concentration on the 3.25 Agree 4
lessons. They strongly agree that classrooms are wide
Composite Mean 3.36 Agree enough (3.61), well-ventilated (3.59) and the
environment is conducive to learning (3.52). The
respondents have observed that the learning facilities
It guides the teaching and learning process to catch
and the physical plant of the University is already
the attention of the students using video simulations in
adequate to serve them effectively. The University
maritime professional courses. In the study of Garcia et
ensures that the students received the right services
al. (2015) found out that the students strongly agreed
they deserved to get from the faculty members and staff
that their course in Shops, Ship Routines and Ship
as the primary customers and stakeholder. Flores et al.
Construction (Sea 1) is relevant in developing their
(2015) from the previous study affirmed that marine
professional skills and its Intended Learning Outcomes
Engineering students believed that the university has
were also clear and relevant to the teaching and
adequate instructional facilities that are conducive for
learning activities with sufficient access to internet and
quality learning, therefore, they have high positive
electronic databases. Abdurrahman and Garba (2014)
attitude towards the instructional facilities of the
also emphasized that in making instruction interesting,
university.
there is need to use methods/strategies and
However, they agree that there are adequate
material/media which will make learning more active,
laboratories in the school (3.31) and adequate books
investigative and adventurous as much as possible.
available in the library (3.18) with the least weighted
Magtibay et al. (2015) argued that most of the
mean scores. The composite mean score of 3.44 implies
instructional materials in LIMA were able to utilize,
that they have high positive attitude towards the
though some students were not mindful of the available
facilities of the University. The University has Global
aids so they are not able to maximize the function of it.
Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) which
Furthermore, they agree that the instructional
is an important facility that equips students with
materials are suitable for Maritime students (3.46) and
knowledge about safety procedures, types of
it can help students understand the lessons (3.36).
equipment, and communication protocols used to
However, developing better concentration on the
increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed
lessons (3.25) and enhancing the learning experience
vessels (Maristela Jr., 2015).
(3.18) obtained the least weighted mean score. If the
There might be some instances that the books are
teachers will only be using the Powerpoint presentation
not readily available in the library because somebody
or they will be showing videos without any further
borrows the book and the copies would not be enough
discussion on how things work would defeat the
for many students if they will use it simultaneously.
purpose of these educational technologies to increase
The University Library has adequate collections of
the positive learning experience of the students.
books and instructional materials to support the
Overuse of any technology without any variation could
curriculum of the Maritime courses.
also make it boring and monotonous.
Table 7 presents the relationship between the
academic performance and attitude towards selected
school related factors.

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 Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2017
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7. Correlation Between the Academic CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Performance and Attitude Towards Selected
School Related Factors
School Related Factors r-
p-value Remarks
value
Teachers 0.637 0.002 Significant
Not
Other Students 0.149 0.518
Significant
The way Classes are
0.432 0.024 Significant
Handled
Instructional Materials 0.501 0.032 Significant
Not
Facilities 0.205 0.433
Significant
There is a significant positive relationship between
the academic performance of the Maritime Students
and their attitude towards teachers (0.637), the way
classes are handled (0.432) and instructional materials
(0.501). This signifies that those students with higher
academic performance have also higher positive
attitude towards these mentioned variables compared to
students with lower academic performance. Positive
attitude towards the teachers has something to do with
the achievement of the students in their studies as they
see teachers as emblem of hope and trust of their future
success. Teachers can build either strong or weak
foundation depending on how students perceived and
received the words of encouragement and the way
teachers put them into test. Due to individual
differences of the students, it would be really hard for
the teachers to address the specific needs of the students
at once; therefore, students might get affected by the
common treatment of teachers across all types of
student coming from different communities and family
background that also contribute to the totality of
students on the way they accomplish academic tasks
(Alcantara, Deligero & Laguador, 2015). Richardson et
al. (2012) emphasized that distinct strands of evidence
indicate that predictions of academic performance may
be more accurate if they are based on assessment of a
variety of individual differences, not just of past
achievement and cognitive capacity.
However, there is no significant relationship
between the academic performance of the students and
their attitude towards other students (0.149) and
facilities (0.205). This signifies that the responses of
the students are diverse in nature and they see other
students and school facilities in different perspectives.
Therefore, these variables might not have direct
influence to the academic performance of the surveyed
Maritime students.
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Majority of the surveyed Maritime students have
low to average level of academic performance. They
have high positive attitude towards facilities followed
by Instructional materials and other students while the
least variables towards teachers and the way classes are
handled. They have noted the state-of-the-art facilities
of the University where they consider the environment
as conducive to learning. The positive attitude of the
students towards teachers; the way classes are handled
and instructional materials have something to do with
their academic performance. The way they see and
perceive the important elements of teaching and
learning process could possibly generate good
outcomes on their academic performance.
Exploring on the possibility of improving the
teaching methodologies and approaches of teachers
towards handling the classes in an interactive manner
would somehow increase the interest and enthusiasm of
the students to actively participate in the class
discussion without reservation or hesitation. New
Maritime faculty members must be given proper
orientation and seminar on teaching pedagogies that
would be suitable for the nature of Maritime students.
LIMA Faculty members, administrators, Maritime
students themselves and future researchers will be
benefited to the findings of the study. The result will be
utilized to provide insights for the faculty members on
how the students feel about their presence inside the
classroom and how they handled the class. The students
may be oriented regarding their attitudes towards one
another and the result of this study will be useful for
LIMA Counseling and Testing Center so that this will
serve as one of their guidelines in planning the future
activities for Counseling of the Maritime students.
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