To study the renewable energy

consumption scenario in Nepal

St. Xavier’s College

Maitighar, Kathmandu

Nabin Dhakal
Class: 11”C”
Roll No: 115
Submitted to:
Ajay Kumar Karn
(Lecturer, St. Xavier’s College)
(Physics Department)
Introduction
The source of energy that can be used multiple times without no any harm
in return is called renewable energy sources. Such energy can be used again
and again as they are continuously produced in the nature. No energy can
sustain for every period of time except the perpetual energy sources. In
modern days we are facing huge energy crisis as our energy source at the
present and past 1 century was only non-renewable energy sources. Today
as, of the dire need of new energy source the renewable energy sources of
energy is being sought after. For example: Solar energy, Biomass energy,
wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy, biogas, geothermal energy. Our
country Nepal is a small landlocked agricultural based country which has no
access to tidal energy and has long been depending upon the biomass
energy and hydropower energy, with the solar energy gaining popularity in
present scenario as major renewable energy sources as of grave trouble
caused by energy crisis. It’s also because of the difficult topographic
condition many people are dependent on the renewable sources of energy a
plus point to Nepalese.

Objectives
The major objectives of the project are as follows:

 To study the renewable energy consumption scenario in Nepal

 To suggest the new renewable energy sources in context of
Nepal
 To find out the scope of renewable sources of energies in future
in the country

Scientific principle used

 The scientific principles used in the project work is about the
study of the negative consequences which can be resulted due to non-
renewable sources of energy like pollution and about the study of the
mechanism of energy production from hydroelectricity, feasibility of
production of hydroelectricity, biogas power plant etc.

Methodology and materials used

The materials and methodologies used to accomplish the objectives are:

 Study of the reference materials

In order to have the detailed information regarding the
renewable energy consumption on Nepal a thorough study
is done form various reference materials like books,
booklets, research papers, etc.
 Internet and various websites
As without the help of internet, this project report would
never be completed, so, internet is sought after for all the
required data, facts and figures. Moreover research papers
are too obtained from the internet.

Results and Discussion

Fulfilling all the objectives it’s found that following are the main
renewable energy sources of Nepal in present 5 years scenario, i.e.

Biogas and biomass

 Biomass comprises wood, agricultural residues and dung.95
% of the biomass is predominantly and traditionally used for
household purpose. The estimated wood consumption is
about 17 million tons per year. 40 % of the firewood comes
from the sustainable supply. As our country is an agricultural
country it’s the major renewable source of energy. According
to the Alternative Energy Promotion Center, as of July 2011,
241,920 biogas plants were installed in more than 2,800
Village Development Committees and in all 75 Districts under
their Biogas Support Program. In addition, 2,907 biogas
plants were installed under the Gold Standard Biogas Project
(GSP).
Solar energy
Nepal has great potential for at least three types of solar
energy technology: solar water heaters, solar lanterns and
solar home systems. Nepal receives 3.6 to 6.2 kWh of solar
radiation per square meter per day, with roughly 300 days of
sun a year, making it ideal for solar energy. DoED has
approved survey licenses for 21 locations with combined
capacity of 317.14 MW. So, Nepal is a good market for solar
energy consumption.
Hydroelectricity
There are about 6000 rivers and rivulets in Nepal with the
potential of generating about 83000 MW of electricity out of
which only 44370 MW electricity production is feasible in
context of Nepal. The basic way to generate electricity in
Nepal is to supply water from dam situated at the height and
rotating the turbine of the generator which helps to produce
 electricity which is stored and delivered to various power
stations. Although it has high potential only 2% of it is the
present output. Access to electricity (% of population)
in Nepal was reported at 93.92 % in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled
from officially recognized sources. So, this data reflects that
hydroelectricity consumption is increasing rapidly in modern
days.

So, the aforementioned renewable sources are the main renewable

energy source. Although Nepal’s high hills and mountains have high
potential for wind energy generation, it’s not been able to used as of the
difficult topographic and adverse climatic condition. Also, the people in
urban areas are fascinated towards non-renewable energy sources which
has caused Nepal a huge trade deficit in purchasing the non- renewable
energy sources. Also on the other hand pollution has been a trouble to all
due to same non-renewable sources.However it’s also seen that in this
time of pandemic hydroelectricity and the non renewable sources of
energy were consumed very much.
Conclusion
 So, in a nutshell it can be known that Nepal is highly dependent
on the renewable energy sources. But due to lack of modern tools,
euipments and skilled human resource it’s lagging behind in getting full
potential from the resources which is resulting in hugh trade deficit as
Nepal is forced to buy even electricity at very high cost with our
neighbouring countries. If proper plans and policies come from the
governmental organization with proper immlementation of them, we can
be a country fully dependent only on our own renewable enrergy sources.

Future Scope
If we are able to use our renewable sources to its’ full capacity
then a huge dependency on the non-renewable energy sources can be
lifted and the present problem of energy crisis can be solved easily and we
too can uplift the living standard of Nepalese making the renewable source
of energy as a source of income.

Acknowledgement
I would heartily like to thank my tutor Mr. Ajay Kumar Karn sir
for providing me an opportunity to involve in project work with has helped
me look beyond the horizon of theoretical knowledge and involve in the
present scenario. Moreover I too would like to provide my sincere
gratitude towards PHYSICS DEPARTMENT-ST. XAVIER’S COLLEGE,
Maitighar, for believing in me and providing me with such a good project
work to indulge in. I too can’t forget my friends help in completion of the
very project. I am very grateful towards internet and social media which
helped me collect all the required information.

References
 https://www.aepc.gov.np/statistic
 https://www.iea.org/
 https://www.ceicdata.com/en/nepal/electricity-
consumption/electricity-consumption-total
 https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/356466/nepa
l-energy-assessment-road-map.pdf
 https://ibn.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Energy-Sector-
Profile.pdf
 https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=8dc4ef87-7282-
4488-8f0c-816b5d9d0447
 https://www.statista.com/statistics/687283/energy-consumption-
from-renewables-nepal/
 https://energypedia.info/wiki/Nepal_Energy_Situation
 https://tekut.no/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Country-
Presentation-Nepal-2019.pdf
 Modern Graded Science, Grade-10, Mishra, Shrivastav.

Thank You