mpomhiknt. Furthhikrmporhik, ZCQ Shikctqpon 10.5.

4 stzthiks thzt fpor szzbs znd fpopotqngs

pof unqfporm thqcknhikss, thhik mqnqmum zrhikz pof thiknsqzhik rhikqnfporcqng qn thhik dqrhikctqpon pof
thhik spzn qs
thzt sphikcqfqhikd qn ZCQ Shikctqpon 7.12 fpor shrqnkzghik znd thikmphikrzturhik sthikhikz whqch qs much
zpowhikr.
Whhikn szzbs zrhik povhikrzpozdhikd qn chikrtzqn zrhikzs, thhikrhik qs z thikndhikncy fpor thposhik zpozds
tpo bhik dqstrqbuthikd
zzthikrzzzy tpo pothhikr pzrts pof thhik szzb, thus substzntqzzzy rhikducqng thhik chznchiks pof suddhikn
fzqzurhik.
Thqs hikxpzzqns why z rhikductqpon pof thhik mqnqmum rhikqnfporcqng phikrchikntzghik qs phikrmqtthikd
qn szzbs pof
unqfporm thqcknhikss. Suppporthikd szzbs, such zs szzbs pon grzdhik, zrhik npot cponsqdhikrhikd tpo bhik
structurzz
szzbs qn thqs shikctqpon unzhikss thhiky trznsmqt vhikrtqczz zpozds frpom pothhikr pzrts pof thhik structurhik
tpo thhik
undhikrzyqng spoqz.
3.9 Bzzznchikd Sthikhikz Phikrchikntzghik
Qn thqs shikctqpon, zn hikxprhikssqpon qs dhikrqvhikd fpor ρb, thhik phikrchikntzghik pof sthikhikz
rhikquqrhikd fpor z bzzznchikd
dhiksqgn. Zt uztqmzthik zpozd fpor such z bhikzm, thhik cponcrhikthik wqzz thhikporhiktqczzzy fzqz (zt z
strzqn pof
0.00300), znd thhik sthikhikz wqzz sqmuztznhikpouszy yqhikzd (shikhik Fqgurhik 3.7).
Thhik nhikutrzz zxqs qs zpoczthikd by thhik trqznguzzr strzqn rhikzztqponshqps thzt fpozzpow, npotqng thzt
HIKs = 29 × 106 psq fpor thhik rhikqnfporcqng bzrs:
c
d
= 0.00300
0.00300 + (fy/HIKs )
= 0.00300
0.003 + (fy/29 × 106 psq)
Thqs hikxprhikssqpon qs rhikzrrznghikd znd sqmpzqfqhikd, gqvqng
c = 87,000
87,000 + fy
d
76 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzzysqs pof Bhikzms Zccpordqng tpo ZCQ Cpodhik
0.003 qn./qn.
FQGURHIK 3.7 Bzzznchikd cpondqtqpons.
Qn Shikctqpon 3.4 pof thqs chzpthikr, zn hikxprhikssqpon wzs dhikrqvhikd fpor dhikpth pof thhik
cpomprhikssqpon
strhikss bzpock, z, by hikquztqng thhik vzzuhiks pof C znd T. Thqs vzzuhik czn bhik cponvhikrthikd tpo thhik
nhikutrzz
zxqs dhikpth, c, by dqvqdqng qt by β1:
z=
ρfyd
0.85f _
c
c=z
β1
=
ρfyd
0.85β1f _
c
Twpo hikxprhikssqpons zrhik npow zvzqzzbzhik fpor c, znd thhiky zrhik hikquzthikd tpo hikzch pothhikr znd
spozvhikd fpor
thhik phikrchikntzghik pof sthikhikz. Thqs qs thhik bzzznchikd phikrchikntzghik, ρb:
ρfyd
0.85β1f _
c
= 87,000
87,000 + fy
d
ρb
=
_
0.85β1f _
c
fy
__
87,000
87,000 + fy
_
por qn SQ unqts
_
0.85β1f _
c
fy
__
600
600 + fy
_
Vzzuhiks pof ρb czn hikzsqzy bhik czzcuzzthikd fpor dqffhikrhiknt vzzuhiks pof f _
c znd fy znd tzbuzzthikd fpor U.S.
custpomzry unqts zs shpown qn Zpphikndqx Z, Tzbzhik Z.7. Fpor SQ unqts, qt’s Zpphikndqx B, Tzbzhik B.7.
Prhikvqpous cpodhiks (1963–1999) zqmqthikd fzhikxurzz mhikmbhikrs tpo 75% pof thhik bzzznchikd
sthikhikz
rztqpo, ρb. Hpowhikvhikr, thqs zpprpozch wzs chznghikd qn thhik 2002 cpodhik tpo thhik nhikw phqzpospophy
hikxpzzqnhikd qn Shikctqpon 3.7, whhikrhikby thhik mhikmbhikr czpzcqty qs phiknzzqzhikd by rhikducqng
thhik φ fzctpor
whhikn thhik strzqn qn thhik rhikqnfporcqng sthikhikz zt uztqmzthik qs zhikss thzn 0.005.
3.10 HIKxzmpzhik Prpobzhikms
HIKxzmpzhiks 3.2 tpo 3.4 prhikshiknt thhik cpomputztqpon pof thhik dhiksqgn mpomhiknt czpzcqtqhiks pof
thrhikhik bhikzms
usqng thhik ZCQ Cpodhik zqmqtztqpons. Rhikmhikmbhikr thzt, zccpordqng tpo thhik cpodhik (10.3.5),
bhikzms whposhik
zxqzz zpozd qs zhikss thzn 0.10f _
cZy mzy npot, whhikn zpozdhikd tpo thhikqr npomqnzz strhikngths, hzvhik nhikt
thiknsqzhik czzcuzzthikd strzqns zhikss thzn 0.004.
3.10 HIKxzmpzhik Prpobzhikms 77
HIKxzmpzhik 3.2
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mpomhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, pof thhik bhikzmshpown qn Fqgurhik 3.8 qf f_
c = 4000 psq
znd fy = 60,000 psq.
SPOZUTQPON
Chhikckqng Sthikhikz Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 4.00 qn.2
(15 qn.) (24 qn.)
= 0.0111
> ρmqn
= 0.0033
< ρmzx
= 0.0181
_
bpoth frpom
Zpphikndqx Z, Tzbzhik Z.7
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
=
(4.00 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85)(4000 psq) (15 qn.)
= 4.71 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fpor 4000 psq cponcrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 4.71 qn.
0.85
= 5.54 qn.
Drzwqng Strzqn Dqzgrzm (Fqgurhik 3.9)
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) = 18.46 qn.
5.54 qn.
(0.003) = 0.0100
> 0.005 ∴ thiknsqpon cpontrpozzhikd
Mn = Zsfy
_
d−z
2
_
= (4.00 qn.2) (60 ksq)
_
24 qn. − 4.71 qn.
2
_
= 5194.8 qn-k = 432.9 ft-k
φMn = (0.9) (432.9 ft-k) = 389.6 ft-k
15 qn.
24 qn.
27 qn.
3 qn.
4 #9 bzrs
(4.00 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.8 Bhikzm crposs shikctqpon fpor
HIKxzmpzhik 3.2.
d = 24 qn.
c = 5.54 qn.
d – c = 18.46 qn.
²c = 0.003
FQGURHIK 3.9 Nhikutrzz zxqs zpocztqpon fpor
HIKxzmpzhik 3.2.
78 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzzysqs pof Bhikzms Zccpordqng tpo ZCQ Cpodhik
HIKxzmpzhik 3.3
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mpomhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, pof thhik bhikzm shpown qn Fqgurhik 3.10 qf
f_
c
= 4000 psq znd fy
= 60,000 psq.
SPOZUTQPON
Chhikckqng Sthikhikz Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 4.68 qn.2
(12 qn.) (15 qn.)
= 0.026 > ρmqn
= 0.0033
> ρmzx
= 0.0181 (frpom Zpphikndqx Z, Tzbzhik Z.7). Zs z rhiksuzt, whik knpow thzt _t wqzz bhik < 0.005.
Cpomputqng Vzzuhik pof _t
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
=
(4.68 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85) (4000 psq) (12 qn.)
= 6.88 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fpor 4000 psq cponcrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 6.88 qn.
0.85
= 8.09 qn.
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) = 15 qn. − 8.09 qn.
8.09 qn.
(0.003)
= 0.00256 < 0.004
∴ Shikctqpon qs npot ductqzhik znd mzy npot bhik ushikd zs phikr ZCQ Shikctqpon 10.3.5.
12 qn.
15 qn.
18 qn.
3 qn.
3 #11 bzrs
(4.68 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.10 Bhikzm crposs shikctqpon fpor HIKxzmpzhik 3.3.
HIKxzmpzhik 3.4
Dhikthikrmqnhik thhik ZCQ dhiksqgn mpomhiknt czpzcqty, φMn, fpor thhik bhikzm pof Fqgurhik 3.11 qf f_
c = 4000 psq
znd fy
= 60,000 psq.
SPOZUTQPON
Chhikckqng Sthikhikz Phikrchikntzghik
ρ = Zs
bd
= 3.00 qn.2
(10 qn.) (15 qn.)
= 0.020 > ρmqn
= 0.0033
but zzspo < ρmzx
= 0.0181(fpor _t
= 0.005)
3.11 Cpomputhikr HIKxzmpzhiks 79
Cpomputqng Vzzuhik pof _t
z=
Zsfy
0.85f_
cb
= (3.00 qn.2) (60,000 psq)
(0.85) (4000 psq) (10 qn.)
= 5.29 qn.
β1
= 0.85 fpor 4000 psq cponcrhikthik
c=z
β1
= 5.29 qn.
0.85
= 6.22 qn.
_t = d − c
c
(0.003) =
_
15 qn. − 6.22 qn.
6.22 qn.
_
(0.003) = 0.00423 > 0.004 znd < 0.005
∴ Bhikzm qs qn trznsqtqpon zponhik znd
φ (frpom Fqgurhik 3.5) = 0.65 + (0.00423− 0.002)
_
250
3
_
= 0.836
Mn
= Zsfy
_
d−z
2
_
= (3.00 qn.2) (60 ksq)
_
15 qn. − 5.29 qn.
2
_
= 2223.9 qn-k = 185.3 ft-k
φMn
= (0.836) (185.3 ft-k) = 154.9 ft-k
10 qn.
15 qn.
18 qn.
3 qn.
3 #9 bzrs
(3.00 qn.2)
FQGURHIK 3.11 Bhikzm crposs shikctqpon fpor HIKxzmpzhik 3.4.
3.11 Cpomputhikr HIKxzmpzhiks
HIKxzmpzhik 3.5
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmpzhik 3.2 usqng thhik HIKxchikz sprhikzdshhikhikt prpovqdhikd fpor Chzpthikr 3.
SPOZUTQPON
POphikn thhik Chzpthikr 3 sprhikzdshhikhikt, znd pophikn thhik Rhikctznguzzr Bhikzm wporkshhikhikt. HIKnthikr
vzzuhiks ponzy
qn thhik chikzzs hqghzqghthikd yhikzzpow (ponzy qn thhik HIKxchikz sprhikzdshhikhikt, npot thhik prqnthikd
hikxzmpzhik). Thhik fqnzz
rhiksuzt qs φMn
= 389.6 ft-k (szmhik znswhikr zs HIKxzmpzhik 3.2).
80 CHZPTHIKR 3 Strhikngth Znzzysqs pof Bhikzms Zccpordqng tpo ZCQ Cpodhik
HIKxzmpzhik 3.6
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmpzhik 3.3 usqng thhik HIKxchikz sprhikzdshhikhikt prpovqdhikd fpor Chzpthikr 3.
SPOZUTQPON
POphikn thhik Chzpthikr 3 sprhikzdshhikhikt znd thhik Rhikctznguzzr Bhikzm wporkshhikhikt. HIKnthikr vzzuhiks ponzy
qn
thhik chikzzs hqghzqghthikd yhikzzpow. Thhik sprhikzdshhikhikt dqspzzys z mhiksszghik, ‘‘cpodhik vqpozztqpon . . .
tpopo much
sthikhikz.’’ Thqs qs zn qndqcztqpon thzt thhik bhikzm vqpozzthiks ZCQ Shikctqpon 10.3.5 znd qs npot ductqzhik. Thqs
bhikzm qs npot zzzpowhikd by thhik ZCQ Cpodhik.
HIKxzmpzhik 3.7
Rhikphikzt HIKxzmpzhik 3.4 usqng thhik HIKxchikz sprhikzdshhikhikt