1. What are the signs of a failing injector pump?

Signs of a failing air injector pump would be, If the engine is running rough, reduced horse power and check engine light
is on. Miss fires can also occur in some cases if the air pump is making the O2 sensor give a false reading.

2. What tests can be done to diagnose a failing injector pump?

To test the air pump, you can energize the pump using a scan tool if it’s an electric pump. In the blet-driven
pump, you would need to accelerate the engine to 1500rpm and check for airflow. Listen and see if there is
excessive noise from the pump which can indicate that there is a bearing issue, contaminated pump, improper
mounted or bolt torque. You can also check the air filter to see if there is a fresh air restriction. You can also test
for circuit failure by using a test light.

3. What types of air injector pumps are there?

There are three types of air pumps. There is the Pulse air pump which makes use of a low-pressure pulse that occurs at
the exhaust ports. Then there's is the belt-driven air pump which uses a belt to pump air whenever the engine is running.
There's also the Electric air pump which is controlled by the PCM that uses other sensors to monitor and control the air
pump like the CTS to know when the engine is cold to put on the pump.

4. What type of valves are there in the air injection system, and how do they work?
There are 5 types of valves in the air injection system. Air Management Valves direct the airflow from the pump
to a number of different locations depending on the operating conditions of the engine. The Diverter valve
prevents backfire by dumping the air from the air pump to the atmosphere. Then there's the Relief valve that
dumps excess pressure to the atmosphere that the system doesn't need. The switching valve switches airflow
either to the exhaust ports or the catalytic converter depending on engine condition. Then there's the check
valve that ensures air only flows in one direction. if air flows back to the air pump or other components it can
cause damage to components.

5. Under what conditions do the valves direct air to the exhaust?

During cold conditions, the valves would direct air to the exhaust manifold until the CTS tells the PCM that the engine is
warm to shut off the pump.

6. Under what condition do the valves direct air to the catalyst?

When the engine reaches its operating temperature, the valves would switch the air to the catalytic converter.
This happens when the CTS tells the PCM that the engine is at it operating temperature.

7. During rich air fuel conditions if the divert valve continues to direct air to the catalyst explain how the
catalyst will be affected.
If the air is directed to the catalytic converter during rich condition the catalytic converter would burn or get extremely
hot that it can damage.