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3-5 Symmetry
Therefore, the figure has four lines of symmetry.
State whether the figure appears to have line ANSWER:
symmetry. Write yes or no. If so, copy the yes; 4
figure, draw all lines of symmetry, and state
their number.
1.
SOLUTION:
A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.

The figure has reflectional symmetry. 2.

In order for the figure to map onto itself, the line of SOLUTION:
reflection must go through the center point. A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can

Two lines of reflection go through the sides of the
The given figure does not have reflectional
figure. symmetry. There is no way to fold or reflect it onto
itself.
ANSWER:
no

Two lines of reflection go through the vertices of the
figure. 3.
SOLUTION:

The given figure has reflectional symmetry.

The figure has a vertical line of symmetry.
Thus, there are four possible lines that go through
the center and are lines of reflections.

It does not have a horizontal line of symmetry.

Therefore, the figure has four lines of symmetry.
ANSWER:
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yes; 4 The figure does not have a line of symmetry through
the vertices.
symmetry. There is no way to fold or reflect it onto
itself.
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry
no
State whether the figure has rotational

symmetry. Write yes or no. If so, copy the
figure, locate the center of symmetry, and state
the order and magnitude of symmetry.
3.
SOLUTION:
4.

The given figure has reflectional symmetry. SOLUTION:
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the
The figure has a vertical line of symmetry. figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.

For the given figure, there is no rotation between 0°
and 360° that maps the figure onto itself. If the figure
were a regular pentagon, it would have rotational
symmetry.
ANSWER:
It does not have a horizontal line of symmetry. no

The figure does not have a line of symmetry through 5.
the vertices.
SOLUTION:
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation

The given figure has rotational symmetry.

Thus, the figure has only one line of symmetry.
ANSWER:
yes; 1

The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it
rotates form 0° and 360° is called the order of
symmetry.
symmetry. Write yes or no. If so, copy the The given figure has order of symmetry of 2, since
the figure can be rotated twice in 360°.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest anglePage 2
through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
onto itself.
were a regular pentagon, it would have rotational
symmetry.
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry
no
5. 6.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.

The given figure has rotational symmetry. The given figure has rotational symmetry.

rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of
The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it symmetry.
rotates form 0° and 360° is called the order of
Since the figure can be rotated 4 times within 360° ,
symmetry.
it has order 4 rotational symmetry

The given figure has order of symmetry of 2, since The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
the figure can be rotated twice in 360°. through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
onto itself.
The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps The figure has magnitude of symmetry of
onto itself. .

Since the figure has order 2 rotational symmetry, the ANSWER:
magnitude of the symmetry is . yes; 4; 90°
ANSWER:
yes; 2; 180°
State whether the figure has line symmetry

and/or rotational symmetry. If so, describe the
reflections and/or rotations that map the figure
onto itself.
6.
SOLUTION:
figure
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between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. 7.

SOLUTION:
the line x = 0, the reflection in the line y = -1, the
reflection in the line y = x - 1, and the reflection in
the line y = -x - 1 map the square onto itself; the
rotations of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around the point
3-5 Symmetry (0, -1) map the square onto itself.

onto itself.
8.
SOLUTION:
This figure does not have line symmetry, because
7. adjacent sides are not congruent.

SOLUTION: It does have rotational symmetry for each half turn
Vertical and horizontal lines through the center and around its center, so a rotation of 180 degrees around
diagonal lines through two opposite vertices are all the point (1, 1) maps the parallelogram onto itself.
lines of symmetry for a square oriented this way.
ANSWER:
The equations of those lines in this figure are x = 0, rotational symmetry; the rotation of 180 degrees
y = -1, y = x - 1, and y = -x - 1. around the point (1, 1) maps the parallelogram onto
itself.
Each quarter turn also maps the square onto itself.
So the rotations of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around REGULARITY State whether the figure
the point (0, -1) map the square onto itself. appears to have line symmetry. Write yes or no.
If so, copy the figure, draw all lines of
ANSWER: symmetry, and state their number.
line symmetry; rotational symmetry; the reflection in
the line x = 0, the reflection in the line y = -1, the
reflection in the line y = x - 1, and the reflection in
the line y = -x - 1 map the square onto itself; the
rotations of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around the point 9.
(0, -1) map the square onto itself. SOLUTION:

For the given figure, there are no lines of reflection
where the figure can map onto itself. Thus, the figure
does not have any lines of of symmetry.
ANSWER:
8.
no
SOLUTION:
This figure does not have line symmetry, because
adjacent sides are not congruent.

It does have rotational symmetry for each half turn
around its center, so a rotation of 180 degrees around 10.
the point (1, 1) maps the parallelogram onto itself.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: A figure has reflectional line symmetry if the figure
rotational symmetry; the rotation of 180 degrees can be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.
around the point (1, 1) maps the parallelogram onto
itself. The given figure has reflectional symmetry.
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REGULARITY State whether the figure
In order for the figure to map onto itself, the line of
appears to have line symmetry. Write yes or no.
reflection must go through the center point.
10.
SOLUTION:
11.
A figure has reflectional line symmetry if the figure
3-5 Symmetry
can be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. SOLUTION:
The given figure has reflectional symmetry. be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.

In order for the figure to map onto itself, the line of The given hexagon has reflectional symmetry.
In order for the hexagon to map onto itself, the line
The figure has a vertical and horizontal line of of reflection must go through the center point.
reflection.
There are three lines of reflection that go though
opposites edges.

It is also possible to have reflection over the
diagonal lines.
There are three lines of reflection that go though
opposites vertices.

Therefore, the figure has four lines of symmetry

There are six possible lines that go through the center
and are lines of reflections. Thus, the hexagon has
six lines of symmetry.
ANSWER:
yes; 4
ANSWER:
yes; 6
11.
SOLUTION:
be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. 12.
SOLUTION:
The given hexagon has reflectional symmetry. A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
yes; 1
3-5 Symmetry
12.
14.
SOLUTION:
A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can SOLUTION:
be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
The figure has reflectional symmetry.
The given figure does not have reflectional
There is only one line of symmetry, a horizontal line symmetry. It is not possible to draw a line of
through the middle of the figure. reflection where the figure can map onto itself.
ANSWER:
no
FLAGS State whether each flag design appears to

Thus, the figure has one line of symmetry. have line symmetry. Write yes or no. If so, copy the
flag, draw all lines of symmetry, and state their
ANSWER: number.
yes; 1 15. Refer to page 262.
SOLUTION:

The flag does not have any reflectional symmetry. If
the red lines in the diagonals were in the same
location above and below the center horizontal line,
13. the flag would have three lines of symmetry.
SOLUTION: ANSWER:
A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can no

The figure has reflectional symmetry. 16. Refer to the flag on page 262.
SOLUTION:
There is only one possible line of reflection, A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
horizontally though the middle of the figure. be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.


Thus, the figure has one line of symmetry. In order for the figure to map onto itself, the line of
ANSWER:
yes; 1 A horizontal and vertical lines of reflection are
possible.

14.
SOLUTION:

In order for the figure to map onto itself, the line of

3-5 Symmetry
A horizontal and vertical lines of reflection are
possible.
17. Refer to page 262.
SOLUTION:


A horizontal line is a line of reflections for this flag.
Two diagonal lines of reflection are possible.
It is not possible to reflect over a vertical or line

through the diagonals.

Thus, the figure has one line of symmetry.
ANSWER:
yes; 1
There are a total of four possible lines that go
through the center and are lines of reflections. Thus,
the flag has four lines of symmetry.

ANSWER: 18.
yes; 4 SOLUTION:

The figure has rotational symmetry.

SOLUTION: rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero symmetry. Page 7
This figure has order 2 rotational symmetry, since
3-5 Symmetry yes; 2; 180°

the order and magnitude of symmetry. 19.
SOLUTION:
18. figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
SOLUTION:
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the The triangle has rotational symmetry.

The figure has rotational symmetry. The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it
symmetry. The figure has order 3 rotational symmetry.

This figure has order 2 rotational symmetry, since The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
you have to rotate 180° to get the figure to map onto through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
itself. onto itself.

The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle The figure has magnitude of symmetry of
through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps .
onto itself.
ANSWER:
The figure has a magnitude of symmetry of
.
ANSWER:
yes; 3; 120°
yes; 2; 180°
20.
SOLUTION:
19. figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
SOLUTION:
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the The isosceles trapezoid has no rotational symmetry.
There is no way to rotate it such that it can be Page 8
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. mapped onto itself.

The triangle has rotational symmetry.
mapped onto itself.

3-5 Symmetry ANSWER:

yes; 3; 120° no
20. 21.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The isosceles trapezoid has no rotational symmetry. The crescent shaped figure has no rotational
There is no way to rotate it such that it can be symmetry. There is no way to rotate it such that it
mapped onto itself. can be mapped onto itself.

ANSWER:
no
21.
SOLUTION:

The crescent shaped figure has no rotational
symmetry. There is no way to rotate it such that it
can be mapped onto itself.
ANSWER:
no
22.
SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The figure has rotational symmetry. Page 9
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry
no yes; 8; 45°
22. 23.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The figure has rotational symmetry. The figure has rotational symmetry.

symmetry. The figure has order 8 rotational symmetry. This
means that the figure can be rotated 8 times and map
The figure has order 8 rotational symmetry. This onto itself within 360°.
implies you can rotate the figure 8 times and have it
map onto itself within 360°. The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle onto itself.
onto itself. The figure has magnitude of symmetry of
.
The figure has magnitude of symmetry of
ANSWER:
.
ANSWER:
yes; 8; 45°
WHEELS State whether each wheel cover appears

to have rotational symmetry. Write yes or no. If so,
yes; 8; 45° state the order and magnitude of symmetry.
SOLUTION:
23. between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.
SOLUTION:
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the The wheel has rotational symmetry.
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it
The figure has rotational symmetry. symmetry.
.
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry yes; 5; 72°
yes; 8; 45°
WHEELS State whether each wheel cover appears 25. Refer to page 263.
to have rotational symmetry. Write yes or no. If so,
SOLUTION:
state the order and magnitude of symmetry.
24. Refer to page 263. A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the
SOLUTION: between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation The wheel has rotational symmetry.
The wheel has rotational symmetry. rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of
symmetry.
rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of The wheel has order 8 rotational symmetry. There
symmetry. are 8 spokes, thus the wheel can be rotated 8 times
within 360° and map onto itself.
The wheel has order 5 rotational symmetry. There
are 5 large spokes and 5 small spokes. You can The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
rotate the wheel 5 times within 360° and map the through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
figure onto itself. onto itself.

The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle The wheel has order 8 rotational symmetry and
through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps magnitude .
onto itself.
ANSWER:
The wheel has magnitude of symmetry yes; 8; 45°
.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
yes; 5; 72°
25. Refer to page 263. between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.
The wheel has rotational symmetry.
SOLUTION:

A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. symmetry. The wheel has order 10 rotational
symmetry. There are 10 bolts and the tire can be
The wheel has rotational symmetry. rotated 10 times within 360° and map onto itself.

The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
rotates from 0° to 360° is called the order of through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
symmetry. onto itself. The wheel has magnitude of symmetry of
.
The wheel has order 8 rotational symmetry. There
are 8 spokes, thus the wheel can be rotated 8 times ANSWER:
within 360° and map onto itself. yes; 10; 36°

The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle State whether the figure has line symmetry
through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps and/or rotational symmetry. If so, describe the
onto itself. reflections and/or rotations that map the figure
onto itself.
The wheel has order 8 rotational symmetry and
magnitude .
onto itself. The wheel has magnitude of symmetry of the line x = 0, the reflection in the line y = 0, the
. reflection in the line y = x, and the reflection in the
line y = -x all map the square onto itself; the rotations
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around the origin map
yes; 10; 36° the square onto itself.

onto itself.

29.
SOLUTION:
The trapezoid has line symmetry, because it is
isosceles, but it does not have rotational symmetry,
27. because no trapezoid does.

SOLUTION: The reflection in the line y = 1.5 maps the trapezoid
This triangle is scalene, so it cannot have symmetry. onto itself, because that is the perpendicular bisector
to the parallel sides.
ANSWER:
no symmetry ANSWER:
line symmetry; the reflection in the line y = 1.5 maps
the trapezoid onto itself.
28.
SOLUTION:
30.
This figure is a square, because each pair of adjacent
sides is congruent and perpendicular. SOLUTION:
All squares have both line and rotational symmetry. This figure is a parallelogram, so it has rotational
The line symmetry is vertically, horizontally, and symmetry of a half turn or 180 degrees around its
diagonally through the center of the square, with lines center, which is the point (1, -1.5).
that are either parallel to the sides of the square or
that include two vertices of the square. The Since this parallelogram is not a rhombus it does not
equations of those lines are: x = 0, y = 0, y = x, and y have line symmetry.
= -x
ANSWER:
The rotational symmetry is for each quarter turn in a rotational symmetry; the rotation of 180 degrees
square, so the rotations of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around the point (1, -1.5) maps the parallelogram
around the origin map the square onto itself. onto itself.

31. MODELING Symmetry is an important component
ANSWER: of photography. Photographers often use reflection in
line symmetry; rotational symmetry; the reflection in water to create symmetry in photos. The photo on
the line x = 0, the reflection in the line y = 0, the page 263 is a long exposure shot of the Eiffel tower
reflection in the line y = x, and the reflection in the reflected in a pool.
line y = -x all map the square onto itself; the rotations
of 90, 180, and 270 degrees around the origin map a. Describe the two-dimensional symmetry created
the square onto itself. by the photo.
b. Is there rotational symmetry in the photo? Explain
your reasoning.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero SOLUTION: Page 12
a Sample answer: There is a horizontal line of

symmetry between the tower and its reflection.
There is a vertical line of symmetry through the
ANSWER: center of the photo.
rotational symmetry; the rotation of 180 degrees b No; sample answer: Because of how the image is
3-5 Symmetry
around the point (1, -1.5) maps the parallelogram reflected over the horizontal line, there is no
onto itself. rotational symmetry.
31. MODELING Symmetry is an important component COORDINATE GEOMETRY Determine

of photography. Photographers often use reflection in whether the figure with the given vertices has line
water to create symmetry in photos. The photo on symmetry and/or rotational symmetry.
page 263 is a long exposure shot of the Eiffel tower 32. R(–3, 3), S(–3, –3), T(3, 3)
reflected in a pool.
SOLUTION:

Draw the figure on a coordinate plane.
a. Describe the two-dimensional symmetry created
by the photo.
b. Is there rotational symmetry in the photo? Explain
your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
a Sample answer: There is a horizontal line of
symmetry between the tower and its reflection.
There is a vertical line of symmetry through the
center of the photo.
b No; sample answer: Because of how the image is A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be
reflected over the horizontal line, there is no mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.
rotational symmetry.
The given triangle has a line of symmetry through
ANSWER: points (0, 0) and (–3, 3).
a. Sample answer: There is a horizontal line of
symmetry between the tower and its reflection. A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the
There is a vertical line of symmetry through the figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
center of the photo. between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.
b No; sample answer: Because of how the image is There is not way to rotate the figure and have it map
reflected over the horizontal line, there is no onto itself.
Thus, the figure has only line symmetry.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Determine
whether the figure with the given vertices has line ANSWER:
symmetry and/or rotational symmetry.
line
32. R(–3, 3), S(–3, –3), T(3, 3)
SOLUTION: 33. A(–4, 0), B(0, 4), C(4, 0), D(0, –4)
SOLUTION:

A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line.
The given triangle has a line of symmetry through mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
points (0, 0) and (–3, 3). given figure has 4 lines of symmetry. The line of
symmetry are though the following pairs of points

{(4, 0), (–4, 0)}, {(0, 4) (0, –4)}, {(–2, 2), (–2, –2)},
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the and {(2, 2), (2, –2)}.

There is not way to rotate the figure and have it map
Thus, the figure has both line symmetry and
Thus, the figure has only line symmetry.
ANSWER:
line
line and rotational
33. A(–4, 0), B(0, 4), C(4, 0), D(0, –4) 34. F(0, –4), G(–3, –2), H(–3, 2), J(0, 4), K(3, 2), L(3, –
2)
SOLUTION:
Draw the figure on a coordinate plane. SOLUTION:

A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
given figure has 4 lines of symmetry. The line of given hexagon has 2 lines of symmetry. The lines
symmetry are though the following pairs of points pass through the following pair of points {(0, 4), (0, –
{(4, 0), (–4, 0)}, {(0, 4) (0, –4)}, {(–2, 2), (–2, –2)}, 4)}, and {(3, 0), (–3, 0)}
and {(2, 2), (2, –2)}.
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure.
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. The figure has rotational symmetry. You can rotate
The figure can be rotated from the origin and map the figure once within 360° and have it map to itself.
onto itself. The order of symmetry is 4.
Thus, the figure has both line symmetry and rotational symmetry.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
line and rotational
line and rotational
35. W(–2, 3), X(–3, –3), Y(3, –3), Z(2, 3)
34. F(0, –4), G(–3, –2), H(–3, 2), J(0, 4), K(3, 2), L(3, –
2) SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The trapezoid has a line of reflection through points (0,3)
given hexagon has 2 lines of symmetry. The lines and (0, –3).
pass through the following pair of points {(0, 4), (0, –
4)}, and {(3, 0), (–3, 0)} A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the between 0° and 360° about the center of the Page 14
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation figure. There is no way to rotate this figure and have
between 0° and 360° about the center of the figure. it map onto itself. Thus, it does not have rotational
The figure has rotational symmetry. You can rotate symmetry.
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry
line and rotational A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
35. W(–2, 3), X(–3, –3), Y(3, –3), Z(2, 3) line y = x has reflectional symmetry since any line
SOLUTION: perpendicular to y = x is a line of reflection. The
equation of the line symmetry is y = –x.

The line can be rotated twice within 360° and be
mapped onto itself.

symmetry. The graph has order 2 rotational
A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be symmetry.
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
trapezoid has a line of reflection through points (0,3) The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
and (0, –3). through which a figure can be rotated so that it maps
onto itself.
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the The graph has magnitude of symmetry of
figure can be mapped onto itself by a rotation .
between 0° and 360° about the center of the
figure. There is no way to rotate this figure and have Thus, the graph has both reflectional and rotational
it map onto itself. Thus, it does not have rotational
symmetry.
symmetry.
ANSWER:
Therefore, the figure has only line symmetry. rotational; 2; 180°; line symmetry; y = –x
ANSWER:
line
ALGEBRA Graph the function and determine

whether the graph has line and/or rotational
symmetry. If so, state the order and magnitude of
symmetry, and write the equations of any lines of
symmetry.
36. y = x
SOLUTION:
2
Graph the function. 37. y = x + 1
SOLUTION:
Graph the function.

line y = x has reflectional symmetry since any line A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figurePage
can 15
perpendicular to y = x is a line of reflection. The be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
equation of the line symmetry is y = –x. graph is reflected through the y-axis. Thus, the
equation of the line symmetry is x = 0.
3-5 Symmetry
2 3
37. y = x + 1 38. y = –x
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Graph the function. Graph the function.

A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can A figure has reflectional symmetry if the figure can
be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The be mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. The
graph is reflected through the y-axis. Thus, the graph does not have a line of reflections where the
equation of the line symmetry is x = 0. graph can be mapped onto itself.

between 0° and 360° about the center of the between 0° and 360° about the center of the
figure. There is no way to rotate the graph and have figure. You can rotate the graph through the origin
it map onto itself. and have it map onto itself.

Thus, the graph has only reflectional symmetry. The number of times a figure maps onto itself as it
ANSWER: symmetry. The graph has order 2 rotational
line; x = 0 symmetry.

The magnitude of symmetry is the smallest angle
onto itself. The graph has magnitude of symmetry of
.

Thus, the graph has only rotational symmetry.
ANSWER:
3 rotational; 2; 180°
38. y = –x
SOLUTION:
Graph the function.
39. Refer to the rectangle on the coordinate plane.

polygons.
a. Geometric Use The Geometer’s Sketchpad to

3-5 Symmetry draw an equilateral triangle. Use the reflection tool
under the transformation menu to investigate and
determine all possible lines of symmetry. Then record
39. Refer to the rectangle on the coordinate plane. their number.
b. Geometric Use the rotation tool under the
transformation menu to investigate the rotational
symmetry of the figure in part a. Then record its
order of symmetry.
c. Tabular Repeat the process in parts a and b for a
square, regular pentagon, and regular hexagon.
Record the number of lines of symmetry and the
order of symmetry for each polygon.
a. What are the equations of the lines of symmetry of d. Verbal Make a conjecture about the number of
the rectangle? lines of symmetry and the order of symmetry for a
b. What happens to the equations of the lines of regular polygon with n sides.
symmetry when the rectangle is rotated 90 degrees SOLUTION:
counterclockwise around its center of symmetry? a. Construct an equilateral triangle and label the
Explain. vertices A, B, and C. Draw a line through A
SOLUTION: perpendicular to . Reflect the triangle in the line.
Show the labels of the reflected image. If the image
a. The lines of symmetry are parallel to the sides of
maps to the original, then this line is a line of
the rectangles, and through the center of rotation. reflection.

The slopes of the sides of the rectangle are 0.5 and
-2, so the slopes of the lines of symmetry are the
same.
The center of the rectangle is (1, 1.5). Use the
point-slope formula to find equations.

b. The equations of the lines of symmetry do not
change; although the rectangle does not map onto Next, draw a line through B perpendicular to .
itself under this rotation, the lines of symmetry are Reflect the triangle in the line. Show the labels of the
mapped to each other. reflected image. If the image maps to the original,
then this line is a line of reflection.
ANSWER:
a.
b. The equations of the lines of symmetry do not
change; although the rectangle does not map onto
itself under this rotation, the lines of symmetry are
mapped to each other.
40. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this

problem, you will use dynamic geometric software to
investigate line and rotational symmetry in regular Lastly, draw a line through C perpendicular to .
polygons. Reflect the triangle in the line. Show the labels of the
reflected image. If the image maps to the original,
a. Geometric Use The Geometer’s Sketchpad to then this line is a line of reflection.
draw an equilateral triangle. Use the reflection tool
under the transformation menu to investigate and
determine all possible lines of symmetry. Then record
their number.
b. Geometric Use the rotation tool under the
transformation menu to investigate the rotational
symmetry of the figure in part a. Then record its
Lastly, draw a line through C perpendicular to . Rotate the triangle again about point D. A 240
Reflect
3-5 Symmetrythe triangle in the line. Show the labels of the degree rotation will map the image to the original.
reflected image. If the image maps to the original, Show the labels of the image
then this line is a line of reflection.
The triangle can be rotated a third time about D. A

360 degree rotation maps the image to the original.

There are 3 lines of symmetry.

b. Construct an equilateral triangle and show the
labels of the vertices. Next, find the center of the
triangle. Since this is an equilateral triangle, the
circumcenter, incenter, centroid, and orthocenter are
the same point. Construct altitudes through each
vertex and label the intersection.
Rotate the triangle about point D. A 120 degree
rotation will map the image to the original. Show the
labels of the image.
Since the figure maps onto itself 3 times as it is
rotated, the order of symmetry is 3.
c.
Square
Construct a square and then construct lines through
the midpoints of each side and diagonals. Use the
reflection tool first to find that the image maps onto
the original when reflected in each of the 4 lines
constructed. So there are 4 lines of symmetry.
Next, rotate the square about the center point. The
image maps to the original at 90, 180, 270, and 360
degree rotations. So the order of symmetry is 4.

Rotate the triangle again about point D. A 240
degree rotation will map the image to the original.
Show the labels of the image


the original when reflected in each of the 4 lines onto the original when reflected in each of the 6 lines
constructed. So there are 4 lines of symmetry. constructed. So there are 6 lines of symmetry.
Next, rotate the square about the center point. The Next, rotate the square about the center point. The
image maps to the original at 90, 180, 270, and 360
3-5 Symmetry image maps to the original at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300,
degree rotations. So the order of symmetry is 4. and 360 degree rotations. So the order of symmetry
is 6.

Regular Pentagon
Construct a regular pentagon and then construct lines
through each vertex perpendicular to the sides. Use
the reflection tool first to find that the image maps
d. Sample answer: for each figure studied, the
onto the original when reflected in each of the 5 lines
number of sides of the figure is the same as the lines
of symmetry and the order of symmetry. A regular
polygon with n sides has n lines of symmetry and
image maps to the original at 72, 144, 216, 288, and
order of symmetry n.
360 degree rotations. So the order of symmetry is 5.
ANSWER:
a. 3
b. 3
c.
d. Sample answer: A regular polygon with n sides

has n lines of symmetry and order of symmetry n.
41. ERROR ANALYSIS Jaime says that Figure A has

only has line symmetry, and Jewel says that Figure A
has only rotational symmetry. Is either of them
correct? Explain your reasoning.

Regular Hexagon
Construct a regular hexagon and then construct lines
through each vertex perpendicular to the sides. Use
the reflection tool first to find that the image maps
onto the original when reflected in each of the 6 lines
SOLUTION:
image maps to the original at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, A figure has line symmetry if the figure can be
and 360 degree rotations. So the order of symmetry mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. This
is 6. figure has 4 lines of symmetry.

both line and rotational symmetry.
ANSWER:
d. Sample answer: A regular polygon with n sides
3-5 Symmetry Neither; Figure A has both line and rotational
has n lines of symmetry and order of symmetry n. symmetry.
41. ERROR ANALYSIS Jaime says that Figure A has 42. CHALLENGE A quadrilateral in the coordinate
only has line symmetry, and Jewel says that Figure A plane has exactly two lines of symmetry, y = x – 1
has only rotational symmetry. Is either of them and y = –x + 2. Find a set of possible vertices for
correct? Explain your reasoning. the figure. Graph the figure and the lines of
symmetry.
SOLUTION:
Graph the figure and the lines of symmetry.
SOLUTION:
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. This
figure has 4 lines of symmetry.
Pick points that are the same distance a from one

line and the same distance b from the other line. In
the same answer, the quadrilateral is a rectangle with
sides which are parallel to the lines of symmetry.
This guarantees that the vertices of the quadrilateral
A figure in the plane has rotational symmetry if the are the same distance a from one line and the same
distance b from the other line. In this case, a =

and b = .

A set of possible vertices for the figure are, (–1, 0),
(2, 3), (4, 1), and (1, 2).
ANSWER:
The figure also has rotational symmetry. Sample answer: (–1, 0), (2, 3), (4, 1), and (1, –2)

Therefore, neither of them are correct. Figure A has
both line and rotational symmetry.
ANSWER:
Neither; Figure A has both line and rotational
symmetry.
42. CHALLENGE A quadrilateral in the coordinate

plane has exactly two lines of symmetry, y = x – 1
and y = –x + 2. Find a set of possible vertices for 43. REASONING A figure has infinitely many lines of
the figure. Graph the figure and the lines of symmetry. What is the figure? Explain.
symmetry.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: circle; Every line through the center of a circle is a
Graph the figure and the lines of symmetry. line of symmetry, and there are infinitely many such
lines.
ANSWER:
circle; Every line through the center of a circle Page
is a 20
line of symmetry, and there are infinitely many such
lines.
3-5 Symmetry
43. REASONING A figure has infinitely many lines of 45. WRITING IN MATH How are line symmetry and
symmetry. What is the figure? Explain. rotational symmetry related?
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
circle; Every line through the center of a circle is a In both types of symmetries the figure is mapped
line of symmetry, and there are infinitely many such onto itself.
lines.
Rotational symmetry.
ANSWER:
circle; Every line through the center of a circle is a
line of symmetry, and there are infinitely many such
Reflectional symmetry:
lines.
44. OPEN-ENDED Draw a figure with line symmetry

but not rotational symmetry. Explain.
SOLUTION:
mapped onto itself by a reflection in a line. A figure
In some cases an object can have both rotational and
in the plane has rotational symmetry if the figure can
reflectional symmetry, such as the diamond, however
be mapped onto itself by a rotation between 0° and
some objects do not have both such as the crab.
360° about the center of the figure.

Identify a figure that has line symmetry but does not
have rotational symmetry.

An isosceles triangle has line symmetry from the
vertex angle to the base of the triangle, but it does
not have rotational symmetry because it cannot be
rotated from 0° to 360° and map onto itself.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: In both rotational and line symmetry
a figure is mapped onto itself. However, in line
symmetry the figure is mapped onto itself by a
reflection, and in rotational symmetry, a figure is
mapped onto itself by a rotation. A figure can have
ANSWER: line symmetry and rotational symmetry.
Sample answer: An isosceles triangle has line
symmetry from the vertex angle to the base of the 46. Sasha owns a tile store. For each tile in her store, she
triangle, but it does not have rotational symmetry calculates the sum of the number of lines of
because it cannot be rotated from 0° to 360° and symmetry and the order of symmetry, and then she
map onto itself. enters this value into a database. Which value should
she enter in the database for the tile shown here?

45. WRITING IN MATH How are line symmetry and

rotational symmetry related?
A2
SOLUTION: B3
In both types of symmetries the figure is mapped C4
ontoManual
eSolutions itself. - Powered by Cognero D8 Page 21

Rotational symmetry. SOLUTION:
a figure is mapped onto itself. However, in line
symmetry the figure is mapped onto itself by a
reflection, and in rotational symmetry, a figure is
C
mapped onto itself by a rotation. A figure can have
3-5 Symmetry
line symmetry and rotational symmetry.
46. Sasha owns a tile store. For each tile in her store, she D
calculates the sum of the number of lines of
symmetry and the order of symmetry, and then she
enters this value into a database. Which value should
E
she enter in the database for the tile shown here?

SOLUTION:
Option A has rotational and reflectional symmetry.

A2
B3
C4 Option B has reflectional symmetry but not rotational
D8 symmetry.
SOLUTION:
Option C has neither rotational nor reflectional

symmetry.
The tile is a rhombus and has 2 lines of symmetry.
Each connects opposite corners of the tile.

It has an order of symmetry of 2, because it has
rotational symmetry at 180 degrees, or each half turn Option D has rotational symmetry but not reflectional
around its center. symmetry.

2 + 2 = 4, so C is the correct answer.
ANSWER:
C
Option E has reflectional symmetry but not rotational
47. Patrick drew a figure that has rotational symmetry
symmetry.
but not line symmetry. Which of the following could
be the figure that Patrick drew?
A
B
The correct choice is D.
C ANSWER:
D
48. Which of the following figures may have exactly one

D
line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry?
A Equilateral triangle
B Equiangular triangle
eSolutions
E Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 22
C Isosceles triangle
D Scalene triangle
The correct choice is D.
Then, plot each option A-D to consider each figure
ANSWER:
3-5 Symmetry and its symmetry.
D Option A has both reflectional and rotational
symmetry.
48. Which of the following figures may have exactly one
line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry?
A Equilateral triangle
B Equiangular triangle
C Isosceles triangle
D Scalene triangle
SOLUTION:
An isosceles triangle has one line of symmetry and
no rotational symmetry. The correct choice is C.

ANSWER:
C
Option B has reflective symmetry but not rotational
49. Camryn plotted the points ,
symmetry. The correct choice is B.
and . Which of the following additional points
can she plot so that the resulting quadrilateral PQRS
has line symmetry but not rotational symmetry?

A
B
C
D
SOLUTION:
First, plot the points.
ANSWER:
B
50. What is the order of symmetry for the figure below?
Then, plot each option A-D to consider each figure

and its symmetry. SOLUTION:
Option A has both reflectional and rotational
symmetry.
The order of symmetry is .

ANSWER:
B 8
50. What is the order of symmetry for the figure below? 51. MULTI-STEP Roberto is a graphic designer. He is

using a coordinate plane to design a new logo for a
client. He starts by drawing the lines of symmetry
shown.

SOLUTION:

a. The logo will be based on a triangle that has the
given lines of symmetry. One of the vertices of the
rectangle is . What are the other vertices of
the rectangle?
b. What is the order of symmetry for this rectangle?
c. Suppose Roberto removes the vertex at
and decides that the logo should be based on a
square instead of a rectangle. Describe one way that
he can assign coordinates to the vertices of the
square so that the given lines are still lines of
ANSWER:
symmetry.
8
SOLUTION:
51. MULTI-STEP Roberto is a graphic designer. He is a. Use the lines of symmetry at y = 2 and x = 2, and
using a coordinate plane to design a new logo for a reflect the point (-3, 1) across each line, then reflect
client. He starts by drawing the lines of symmetry again to find the fourth point.
shown. (-3, 1) is 5 units away from x = 2, so its reflection
through that line would be (7, 1) which is also 5 units
away.
(-3, 1) is 1 unit away from y = 2, so its reflection
through that line would be (-3, 3) which is also 1 unit
away.
The fourth point reflects either of those points
through the other line to the point (7, 3).

b. All rectangles have a rotational symmetry of 180
a. The logo will be based on a triangle that has the
degrees so its order of symmetry is 2
given lines of symmetry. One of the vertices of the
c. There are infinitely many squares with these lines
rectangle is . What are the other vertices of
of symmetry, but one that has vertices that are each
the rectangle?
2 units away from lines of reflection is : (0, 4), (4, 4),
b. What is the order of symmetry for this rectangle?
(4, 0), (0, 0)
c. Suppose Roberto removes the vertex at
and decides that the logo should be based on a ANSWER:
square instead of a rectangle. Describe one way that a.
he can assign coordinates to the vertices of the b. 2
square so that the given lines are still lines of c. Sample answer: (0, 4), (4, 4), (4, 0), (0, 0)
symmetry.
SOLUTION: 52. What is the magnitude of symmetry for a regular
polygon that has 12 sides?
a. Use the lines of symmetry at y = 2 and x = 2, and
reflect
eSolutions the point
Manual (-3,by1)Cognero
- Powered across each line, then reflect SOLUTION: Page 24
again to find the fourth point. A regular polygon with n sides has magnitude of
(-3, 1) is 5 units away from x = 2, so its reflection symmetry of .
through that line would be (7, 1) which is also 5 units
ANSWER:
a.
b. 2
3-5 Symmetry
c. Sample answer: (0, 4), (4, 4), (4, 0), (0, 0)
52. What is the magnitude of symmetry for a regular

polygon that has 12 sides?
SOLUTION:
A regular polygon with n sides has magnitude of
symmetry of .

This polygon has 12 sides, so its magnitude of
symmetry is .
ANSWER:

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FLAGS State whether each flag design appears to