Name: Edralin, Rio Geline A.

Section: BI6A
AZO 3204 – Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates
LABORATORY ACTIVITY: Directional Terms
I. Write the correct directional term. There may be more than one answer; but provide only
one answer for each number. Answers should be underlined.
1. The lungs are lateral to the heart.
2. The popliteal region is posterior to the knee.
3. The nails are distal to the fingers.
4. The cheek is lateral to the nose.
5. The abdomen is inferior to the thorax.
6. The head is superior to the neck.
7. The sternum is anterior to the heart.
8. The skeletal muscles are deep to the integument.
9. The ankle is inferior to the knee.
10. The thigh is superior to the leg.
11. The hair shaft is distal to the hair root.
12. The adrenal gland is superior to the kidney.
13. The lumbar region is inferior to the cervical region.
14. Dorsal refers to the posterior of the human body
15. Ventral refers to the anterior of the human body.
16. Posterior is also dorsal in human anatomy.
17. Midsagittal section divides the body into two equal right and left parts.
18. Frontal section divides the human body into dorsal and ventral parts.
19. Proximal refers to the part near the main mass of the body.
20. Caudal pertains to the parts near the tail end of the body.
II.
A. Provide the directional term relative to the figure.
1. Incus is distal to the stirrup.
2. The pharyngotympanic tube is inferior to the vestibule.
3. The eardrum is proximal to the auditory canal.
4. The semicircular canals are distal to the cochlea.
5. The ear ossicles are deep to the bone.
B. Write 5 statements using directional terms of the anatomical structures of the image
provided.
1. The malleus is distal to the stirrup.
2. The inner ear is deep to the external ear.
3. The auditory canal is distal to auditory tube.
4. The oval window is superior to round window.
5. The ossicle is distal to vestibulocochlear nerve.
III.
A. Provide the directional term relative to the figure above.
1. Floating ribs are distal to the lumbar vertebra.
2. The manubrium of sternum is distal xiphoid process.
3. False ribs are inferior to the true ribs.
4. The thoracic vertebrae are posterior to the sternum.
5. Costal cartilages are medial to the true ribs.
B. Write 5 statements using directional terms of the anatomical structures of the image
provided.
1. The true ribs are superior to the false ribs.
2. The sternum is medial to the costal cartilages.
3. The clavicular notch is inferior to the jugular notch.
4. The xiphoid process is distal to the jugular notch.
5. The sternum is anterior to the thoracic vertebrae.
IV. Write 10 statements using directional terms of the anatomical structures of the image
above.
1. The latissimus dorsi is anterior to elector spinae.
2. The occipital bone is superior to sternocleidomastoid.
3. The trapezius is inferior to occipital bone.
4. The triceps brachii is superficial to the humerus.
5. The triceps brachii is inferior to deltoid.
6. The iliocostalis is lateral to spinalis.
7. The humerus is deep to triceps brachii.
8. The trapezius is superficial to the spine of scapula.
9. The latissimus dorsi is inferior to trapezius.
10. The olecranon process of ulna is proximal to humerus.