Sample Problems

Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A.
Dionisio, RCE
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Structural Engineer
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
CE 015
Principles of Reinforced/
Prestressed Concrete
Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A. Dionisio, RCE
Sample Problem
Calculate:
a. The balanced steel reinforcement
b. The maximum reinforcement area allowed by the ACI Code for a tension-controlled section
c. The position of the neutral axis and the depth of the equivalent compressive stress block for the tension-
controlled section in b.
Given: fc′ = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi. 𝑏𝑦 𝑅&𝑃:
0.003 0.003 + 𝜖𝑡
𝑓𝑦
0.003 0.003 +
𝐸𝑠
𝑎 𝑐𝑏 =
𝑐𝑏 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 0.003𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦
0.003 +
𝐸𝑠
𝐸𝑠 = 29,000 𝑘𝑠𝑖
0.003𝑑𝑡 29,000 87𝑑𝑡
𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑏 = 𝑐𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦 29,000 87 + 𝑓𝑦
𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 +
𝐸𝑠 29,000
Sample Problem
Calculate:
Given: fc′ = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
𝑎
𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑎)(𝑏) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 𝑏 87𝑑𝑡
= 𝐴𝑠𝑏
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 𝑓𝑦 87 + 𝑓𝑦
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 )(𝑏) = 𝐴𝑠𝑏 𝑓𝑦 0.85(4) 0.85 16 87(25.5)
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠𝑏
𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 𝑏 60 87 + 60
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑏
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑏 = 11.63 𝑖𝑛2
Sample Problem
Calculate:
𝐹𝑜𝑟 max 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓. :
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑎 𝐴𝑠 𝑏𝑑
𝜌= 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑏𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑏 0.0179 =
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝜌𝑏 = 16(25.5)
𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑏 = 11.63 𝑖𝑛2 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.30 𝑖𝑛2
60
0.003 + 11.63
29,000
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
60 16(25.5)
𝑇 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.006 +
𝑓𝑦 = 29,000
𝐴𝑠 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0179
Sample Problem
Calculate:
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.30 𝑖𝑛2
𝐶=𝑇
𝑎 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑎)(𝑏) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
′
0.85𝑓 𝑐 (𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 )(𝑏) = 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑦
8.05 = 0.85𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.85(4)(𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 )(16) = 7.30(60)
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.47 𝑖𝑛
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 8.05 𝑖𝑛
𝑇
𝑓𝑦 =
𝐴𝑠
Problem Set
If your student number is 10123= abcde
Calculate:
Given: fc′ = (5+3*c) ksi and fy = (40+2*dc) ksi.
(10 + 𝑏)′′
(20 + 𝑎𝑏)′′
(15 + 𝑒𝑑)′′
Sample Problem
Determine the design moment strength and the position of the neutral axis of the rectangular section shown in
the figure if the reinforcement used is three no. 9 bars (1 𝑖𝑛2 each). Given: fc′ = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
𝑎
𝐶=𝑇 =𝑐
𝛽1
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
5.88
0.85(3)(𝑎)(12) = (3)(1)(60) 𝑐= = 6.92 𝑖𝑛
0.85
𝑎 = 5.88 𝑖𝑛2
Sample Problem
𝑏𝑦 𝑅&𝑃:
0.003 0.003 + 𝜖𝑡
0.003 0.003 + 𝜖𝑡
𝑐 =
𝑐 𝑑𝑡
0.003𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 = 0.003 + 𝜖𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑐
0.003𝑑𝑡
𝜖𝑡 = − 0.003
𝑐
𝑑𝑡
𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 −1
𝑐
𝜖𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑐 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐
𝐶=𝑇 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 − 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 5.88
21 −
0.85(3)(𝑎)(12) = (3)(1)(60) 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 0.85 = 0.0061
2
5.88
𝑎 = 5.88 𝑖𝑛 0.85
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇 𝐹𝑜𝑟 Φ: 𝑓𝑦
𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = + 0.003
𝜀𝑡 = 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 𝐸𝑠
60
0.85(3)(𝑎)(12) = (3)(1)(60) 𝜀𝑡 = 0.0061 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = + 0.003
29,000
𝑎 = 5.88 𝑖𝑛2 0.00507 < 0.0061
𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = 0.00507
Φ = 0.9
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇 𝐹𝑜𝑟 Φ: 0.003 0.003

𝑐 6.92 = = 0.37
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.33 0.006 + 𝜀𝑡𝑦 0.006 + 60
𝑑𝑡 21 29,000
0.85(3)(𝑎)(12) = (3)(1)(60)
0.33 < 0.37
𝑎 = 5.88 𝑖𝑛2 ∴ Φ = 0.9
Sample Problem
5.88
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 0.9 3 1 60 21 −
2
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 2925.72 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
𝐶=𝑇
0.85(3)(𝑎)(12) = (3)(1)(60)
𝑎 = 5.88 𝑖𝑛2
Sample Problem
the figure if the reinforcement used is three no. 10 bars (1.27 𝑖𝑛2 each). Given: fc′ = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
Sample Problem
An 8-ft-span cantilever beam has a rectangular section and reinforcement as shown in the figure. The beam
carries a dead load, including its own weight, of 1.5 k/ft and a live load of 0.9 k/ft. Using fc′ = 4 ksi and fy = 60
ksi, check if the beam is safe to carry the above loads. Use Load Combination 1.2DL +1.6LL for ultimate load
𝐶=𝑇
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 0.85(4)(𝑎)(8) = 3(0.6)(60)
𝐿𝐿 = 0.9 𝑘/𝑓𝑡 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003
𝑐 𝑎 = 3.97 𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝐿 = 1.5 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑉
𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑐 = 24 3
𝑚
𝑙𝑏
𝛾𝑐 = 150 3 3.97
𝑓𝑡 15.5 −
𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 0.85 = 0.007
𝐴𝑛𝑜.7 = 0.6 𝑖𝑛2 3.97
0.85
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 0.85(4)(𝑎)(8) = 3(0.6)(60)
𝐿𝐿 = 0.9 𝑘/𝑓𝑡 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003
𝑐 𝑎 = 3.97 𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝐿 = 1.5 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
𝑓𝑦
𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = + 0.003
𝐸𝑠
60
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑉 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = + 0.003
29,000
𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑐 = 24 3 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = 0.00507
𝑚
𝑙𝑏 0.00507 < 0.007
𝛾𝑐 = 150 3
𝑓𝑡
∴ Φ = 0.9
𝐴𝑛𝑜.7 = 0.6 𝑖𝑛2
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 0.85(4)(𝑎)(8) = 3(0.6)(60)
𝑤𝑢 = 3.24 𝑘/𝑓𝑡 𝜖𝑡 = 0.003
𝑐 𝑎 = 3.97 𝑖𝑛
3.97
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 0.9 3 0.6 60 15.5 −
2
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 1313.658 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝐿 = 0.9 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝐿 = 1.5 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
𝐿 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 1.5 + 1.6 0.9 = 3.24 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑤𝑢 𝐿 = 3.24 8 2 12𝑖𝑛
2 2 𝑀𝑢 = = 1244.16 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑛𝑜.7 = 0.6 𝑖𝑛2 2 1𝑓𝑡
Φ𝑀𝑛 > 𝑀𝑢 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!
Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam
𝐴′ 𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴′ 𝑠
𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′ 𝑠
0.003 𝜀′𝑠
=
𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑑′
′
0.003(𝑐 − 𝑑′) > 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠!
𝜀𝑠= < 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑!
𝑐
′ ′
𝑓 𝑠 = 𝜀 𝑠 𝐸𝑠
Sample Problem
A rectangular beam has a width of 12 in. and an effective depth of d = 22.5 in. to the centroid of tension steel
bars. Tension reinforcement consists of six no. 9 bars (1 𝑖𝑛2 each) in two rows; compression reinforcement
consists of two no. 7 bars (0.6 𝑖𝑛2 each) placed as shown in the figure. Calculate the design moment strength of
the beam if fc′ = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
𝐴𝑠 6(1)
𝜌= 𝜌= = 0.0222
𝑏𝑑 12(22.5)
2 0.6
𝜌′ = = 0.0044
12 22.5
4 2.5 87
𝐾 = 0.85 0.85 = 0.0172
60 22.5 87 − 60
0.0222 − 0.0044 = 0.0178 > 0.0172
Sample Problem
𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 2 0.6 = 1.2 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′ 𝑠 = 6 1 − 1.2 = 4.8 𝑖𝑛2
𝜌 − 𝜌′ ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑!
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 87
𝜌𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦 87 + 𝑓𝑦
60
0.003 +
29,000 0.85(4) 0.85 87
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.0179
60 60 87 + 60
0.006 +
29,000
0.0222 − 0.0044 = 0.0178 < 0.0179 ∴ Φ = 0.9
Sample Problem
𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 2 0.6 = 1.2 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′ 𝑠 = 6 1 − 1.2 = 4.8 𝑖𝑛2
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦
0.85(4)(𝑎)(12) = 4.8(60)
𝑎 = 7.06 𝑖𝑛
Φ𝑀𝑛 = Φ𝑀𝑛1 + Φ𝑀𝑛2
7.06
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 0.9 4.8 60 22.5 − + 0.9 1.2 60 22.5 − 2.5
2
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 6213.024 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
T-Beams
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1: 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡𝑓
𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑑 − =𝑇 𝑑−
2 2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑑 − = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
T-Beams
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2: 𝑎 > 𝑡𝑓
𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝐴𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 𝑇(𝑑 − 𝑧)
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑧)
+
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
𝐶1 = 𝑇1 𝐶2 = 𝑇2
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑡(𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 𝑎 𝑡
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
T-Beams
Sample Problem
Calculate the design moment strength of the T-section shown in the figure using fc′ = 3.5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1: 𝑎 < 𝑡𝑓
𝐶=𝑇
0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(36) = 6(1)(60)
𝑎 = 3.36 𝑖𝑛
∴ 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2! 𝑎 > 𝑡𝑓
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑡(𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦

0.85(3.5)(3)(36 − 10) = 𝐴𝑠2 (60)
𝐴𝑠2 = 3.87 𝑖𝑛2
3
𝑀𝑛2 = 3.87 60 17 − = 3599.1 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
2
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(36) = 6(1)(60)
𝑎 = 3.36 𝑖𝑛
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦

0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(10) = (6 − 3.87)(60)
𝑎 = 4.3 𝑖𝑛
4.3
𝑀𝑛1 = (6 − 3.87) 60 17 − = 1897.83 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
2
𝑀𝑛 = 1897.83 + 3599.1 = 5496.93 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(36) = 6(1)(60)
𝑎 = 3.36 𝑖𝑛
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
𝑎
=𝑐
𝛽1
4.3
𝑐= = 5.06 𝑖𝑛
0.85
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
1 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 − 𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖
2 0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(36) = 6(1)(60)
𝑑𝑡 = 20.5" − (2.5")
𝑎 = 3.36 𝑖𝑛
𝐹𝑜𝑟 Φ: 𝑓𝑦
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = + 0.003
𝜖𝑡 = 0.003 𝐸𝑠
𝑐 60
18 − 5.06 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = 29,000 + 0.003
𝜖𝑡 = 0.003
5.06 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003 = 0.00507
𝜖𝑡 = 0.0077
𝜖𝑡 > 𝜀𝑡𝑦 + 0.003
∴ 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑! Φ = 0.9
Sample Problem
𝐶=𝑇
0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(36) = 6(1)(60)
𝑎 = 3.36 𝑖𝑛
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦

0.85(3.5)(𝑎)(10) = (6 − 3.87)(60)
𝑎 = 4.3 𝑖𝑛
4.3
𝑀𝑛1 = (6 − 3.87) 60 17 − = 1897.83 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
2
𝑀𝑛 = 1897.83 + 3599.1 = 5496.93 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
0.9 5496.93 = 4947.237 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛 Φ𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢
Problem Set
Example 3.13
Flexural Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
Sample Problem
Design a simply reinforced rectangular section to resist a factored moment of 361 K⋅ft using the maximum steel
percentage 𝜌max for tension-controlled sections to determine its dimension. Given: fc′ = 3ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
Φ𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 87
𝜌𝑏 =
60
𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.003 +
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢 = Φ𝜌𝑓𝑦 1− 𝑏𝑑 2 29,000 0.85(3) 0.85 87
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.0134
1.7𝑓 ′ 𝑐 60 60 87 + 60
0.006 +
29,000
12𝑖𝑛 0.0134(60) 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠
361 = 0.9(0.0134)(60) 1 − 𝑏𝑑 2 𝜌= 0.0134 = 𝑑=
1𝑓𝑡 1.7(3) 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 0.0134𝑏
2
2
𝑏 = 10 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 12𝑖𝑛 0.0134(60) 𝐴𝑠
361 = 0.9(0.0134)(60) 1 − 𝑏
𝑏 = 12 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 1𝑓𝑡 1.7(3) 0.0134𝑏
2
𝑏 = 14 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 12𝑖𝑛 0.0134 60 1 𝐴𝑠
361 = 0.9 0.0134 60 1−
𝑏 = 16 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 1𝑓𝑡 1.7 3 𝑏 0.0134
Sample Problem
Φ𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 87
𝜌𝑏 =
60
𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.003 +
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢 = Φ𝜌𝑓𝑦 1− 𝑏𝑑 2 29,000 0.85(3) 0.85 87
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.0134
1.7𝑓 ′ 𝑐 60 60 87 + 60
0.006 +
29,000
12𝑖𝑛 0.0134(60) 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠
361 = 0.9(0.0134)(60) 1 − 𝑏𝑑 2 𝜌= 0.0134 = 𝑑 =
1𝑓𝑡 1.7(3) 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 0.0134𝑏
1
𝑏 = 10 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑛𝑜.9 = 1 𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 − 𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖
2
𝑏 = 12 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑠 1
=𝑁 ℎ = 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 + 𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖
𝑏 = 14 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑛𝑜.9 2
𝑏 = 16 𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑑 = 𝑖𝑛 ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5"
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
A beam section is limited to a width b = 10 in. and a total depth h = 22 in. and has to resist a factored moment
of 226.5 K ⋅ ft. Calculate the required reinforcement. Given: fc′ = 3 ksi and fy = 50 ksi.
10 𝑖𝑛
𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ!
𝐴′𝑠 =? 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑!
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽1 87
22 𝑖𝑛 1 𝜌𝑏 =
𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 − 𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖 𝑓𝑦 87 + 𝑓𝑦
2
50
ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5" 0.003 +
𝐴𝑠 =? 29,000 0.85(3) 0.85 87
22 = 𝑑 + 3.5" 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.0168
50 50 87 + 50
Φ𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 𝑑 = 18.5" 0.006 +
29,000
12𝑖𝑛 𝜌 50
226.5 = 0.9𝜌 50 1 − (10)(18.5)2
1𝑓𝑡 1.7 3
𝜌 = 0.0227
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑!
Sample Problem
10 𝑖𝑛
22 𝑖𝑛 1 6.1
𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 − 𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖 𝑀𝑢1 = 0.9 3.11 50 18.5 − = 2162.23 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
2 2
ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5" 𝑀𝑢 = 226.5 12 = 2718 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠 =?
22 = 𝑑 + 3.5" 𝑀𝑢2 = 2718 − 2162.23 = 555.77 𝑘 − 𝑖𝑛
𝑑 = 18.5" 𝑑′ = 2.5" 555.77 = 0.9(𝐴 )(50)(18.5 − 2.5)
𝑠2
𝜌1 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0168 𝐴𝑠2 = 0.77 𝑖𝑛2
6.1
𝐴𝑠 0.003
− 2.5
𝜌= 𝐴𝑠1 = 0.0168 10 18.5 = 3.11 𝑖𝑛2 0.003(𝑐 − 𝑑′) 𝜀 ′ = 0.85
𝑏𝑑 𝜀′𝑠 = 𝑠 = 0.00195
𝑐 6.1
0.85 3 𝑎 10 = 3.11(50) 0.85
𝑎 = 6.1 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦 = 𝜀𝑦 𝐸𝑠 50 = 𝜀𝑦 (29,000) 𝜀𝑦 = 0.00172
0.00195 > 0.00172, ∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠! 𝑦𝑒𝑦!
Sample Problem
10 𝑖𝑛
22 𝑖𝑛 1
2
ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5"
𝐴𝑠 =?
22 = 𝑑 + 3.5"
𝑑 = 18.5" 𝑑′ = 2.5"
𝐴′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 0.77 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 = 3.11 + 0.77 = 3.88 𝑖𝑛2
3.88
𝐴𝑠 𝑁𝑠 = = 4.91 ≈ 5 𝐴𝑠 0.77
=𝑁 0.79 =𝑁 𝑁′𝑠 = = 1.75 ≈ 2
𝐴𝑠𝑛𝑜.8 𝐴𝑠𝑛𝑜.6 0.44
0.77
𝑁′𝑠 = = 0.97 ≈ 1
0.79
Sample Problem
10 𝑖𝑛
𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ! 10 𝑖𝑛
22 𝑖𝑛 1
2
ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5"
𝐴𝑠 =?
22 = 𝑑 + 3.5" 22 𝑖𝑛
𝑑 = 18.5" 𝑑′ = 2.5"
10 − 2 1.5 − 2 0.75 − 5 1
𝑠= = 0.125 𝑖𝑛
4
10 − 2 1.5 − 2 0.75 − 𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 1
1=
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 1
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.25 ≈ 3
Sample Problem
10 𝑖𝑛
𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ! 10 𝑖𝑛
22 𝑖𝑛 1
2
ℎ = 𝑑 + 3.5" 1
𝐴𝑠 =? 𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 1.5 − 0.75 − (1)
22 = 𝑑 + 3.5" 2
22 𝑖𝑛 18.5 𝑖𝑛
𝑑′ = 2.5" 𝑑 𝑡 = ℎ − 2.75
𝑑 = 18.5"
10 − 2 1.5 − 2 0.75 − 5 1
𝑠= = 0.125 𝑖𝑛
4
10 − 2 1.5 − 2 0.75 − 𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 1
1=
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 1
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.25 ≈ 3
Recall (Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam)
𝐴′ 𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴′ 𝑠
𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴′ 𝑠
0.003 𝜀′𝑠
=
𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑑′
′
0.003(𝑐 − 𝑑′) > 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠!
𝜀𝑠= < 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑!
𝑐
′ ′
𝑓 𝑠 = 𝜀 𝑠 𝐸𝑠
Sample Problem
The floor system shown in Fig. 4.8 consists of 3-in. slabs supported by 9.33-ft-clear span beams spaced 10 ft on
center. The beams have a web width, b𝑤 of 14 in. and an effective depth, d, of 18.5 in. Calculate the necessary
reinforcement for a typical interior beam if the factored applied moment is 5080 K ⋅ in. Use fc′ = 3ksi and fy =
60 ksi.
Recall (T-Beams)
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1: 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡𝑓
𝐶=𝑇
𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑑 − =𝑇 𝑑−
2 2
𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑑 − = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
Recall (T-Beams)
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2: 𝑎 > 𝑡𝑓
𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝐴𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 𝑇(𝑑 − 𝑧)
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑧)
+
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
𝐶1 = 𝑇1 𝐶2 = 𝑇2
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑡(𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 𝑎 𝑡
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2 2
Recall (T-Beams)

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Technological Institute of the Philippines Prepared by: Engr. Adams Royce A.

𝐶=𝑇 𝐹𝑜𝑟 Φ: 0.003 0.003

𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 2 0.6 = 1.2 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴′ 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 2 0.6 = 1.2 𝑖𝑛2

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑡(𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦

𝐴′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 = 0.77 𝑖𝑛2

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