CivE 372 Winter 2023

CivE 372 Assignment 8: Indeterminate Structures – Slope-Deflection Method and

Modelling Realistic Structures SOLUTIONS
General:
- Due date/time is provided on eClass.
- State units used in diagrams.
- For BMD, clearly indicate which side of the member is in tension due to the moment at that location. For instance, you may
include a label that your BMD is drawn on the tension side similar to what is done in class examples.
-
Q8.1 6 MARKS
Use the slope deflection method to find the rotation at B and the bending moment diagram for the frame
shown in the following figure. Indicate moments at each lettered location, halfway along span AB, and at
the location of the 80 kN force in span BC. Self-weight is negligible. The frame members have the same
𝐸𝐼 of 40000 kNm2.
30 kN/m
A
B
80 kN
5m
3m
C

8m

Solution:
1. Identify unknown displacements: 𝜃
2. Find fixed end moments (all in kNm)
𝑀 = = =160 𝑀 =− =− = −160
( ) ( ) ( )
𝑀 = = = 57.6 𝑀 =− = = −38.4
3. Apply slope deflection equations and get kinematic moments
For these expressions, Δ = 0 for all members. 𝜃 = 𝜃 = 0. Expression simplifies to:
𝑀 = 𝜃 𝑀 = 𝜃
𝑀 = 𝜃 𝑀 = 𝜃
4. Total end moments (substitute values of L into expressions)
𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = 160 + 𝜃
4
𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = −160 + 𝜃
2
4𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = 57.6 + 𝜃
5
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = −38.4 + 𝜃
5
5. Apply compatibility expressions, solve for unknown rotations. At joint B, 𝑀 +𝑀 =0
𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
−160 + 𝜃 + 57.6 + 𝜃 =0
2 5
.
1.3𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 102.4 → 𝜃 =
Sub in 𝐸𝐼 = 40000 kNm2, convert to rad× 10 :
.
𝜃 = = 1.969 rad × 10 (positive so 𝜃 rotates counterclockwise)
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

6. Find moments at joints:

𝑀 = 160 + (1.969 × 10 ) = 180 kNm (acts counterclockwise on member)
𝑀 = −160 + (1.969 × 10 ) = −121 kNm (acts clockwise on member)
( )
𝑀 = 57.6 + (1.969 × 10 ) = 121kNm (acts counterclockwise on member)
( )
𝑀 = −38.4 + (1.969 × 10 ) = −6.90 kNm (acts clockwise on member)

7. Plot BMD, moments at key points. First determine moments at points along the lengths of AB and

Moment halfway between A and B,

30 kN/m 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 121
A −180 − 121 30(8
2
)
B 𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑 =
2
+
8
= 89.5

𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 121 (positive means tension on bottom)

𝑀 = 180
Moment at location of 80 kN point load,
80 kN
−121 + 6.9 80(2)(3)
3m 𝑀 = −121 − 2 + = 20.7
5 5
(positive means tension on left side)
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 6.9
C

180
121
B
A
121

89.5 (midspan)
BMD, kNm 20.7 50.
Drawn on tension
side

C 6.9
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

Q8.2 10 MARKS
Use the slope deflection method to find rotations at B and D and then draw the overall bending moment
diagram for the frame shown in the following figure. State if rotations are clockwise or counterclockwise.
Label moments at each lettered location and at the location of the 150 kN point load. Self-weight is
negligible. The value of 𝐸𝐼 is 30000 kNm2.

6m 3m 3m
50 kN
C 150 kN
2 m EI B D E
3EI 3EI

6 m EI

Solutions:
1. Identify unknown displacements: 𝜃 , 𝜃 (Will treat cantilever BC as a concentrated moment on B
= 50(2) = 100 kNm=𝑀 (ccw on member) from slope-deflection perspective similar to Example
7.7)
2. Find fixed end moments (all in kNm)
( ) 𝑃𝐿 150(6)
𝑀 = = = 112.5 𝑀 =− =− = −112.5
8 8
𝑀 =0 𝑀 =0
𝑀 =0 𝑀 =0
3. Apply slope deflection equations and get kinematic moments
For these expressions, Δ = 0 for all members. 𝜃 = 𝜃 = 0 (do not know deflections at C but that is
okay as we are treating BC as a concentrated moment on B for this process).
𝑀 = 𝜃 = 𝜃 𝑀 = 𝜃 = 𝜃
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
𝑀 = 𝜃 + 𝜃 = 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 𝑀 = 𝜃 + 𝜃 = 𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃
( ) ( )
𝑀 = 𝜃 = 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 𝑀 = 𝜃 = 𝐸𝐼𝜃
4. Find total end moments
𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 𝜃 +𝑀 =0+
3
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 =0+ 𝜃
3
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = 0 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = 0 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = 112.5 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃
𝑀 =𝑀 +𝑀 = −112.5 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃
5. Apply compatibility expressions, solve for unknown rotations
At joint B, 𝑀 +𝑀 +𝑀 =0
2𝐸𝐼
𝜃 + 100 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 0
3
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

8𝐸𝐼
+100 + 𝜃 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 0
3
( )
𝜃 = (1)

At joint D, 𝑀 + 𝑀 =0

𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 112.5 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 0

𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 4𝐸𝐼𝜃 = −112.5 (2)
Sub (1) into (2) then simplify:
3(−𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐷−100)
𝐸𝐼 + 4𝐸𝐼𝜃 = −112.5
8𝐸𝐼
29𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐷
= −75
8
𝜃 = (3)
2
Sub in 𝐸𝐼 = 30000 kNm , convert to rad× 10 :
−600
𝜃 = = −0.6897 × 10 rad
(29)30000
Sub (3) into (2), find 𝜃
−600
𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 4𝐸𝐼 = −112.5
29𝐸𝐼
29.741
𝜃 =−
𝐸𝐼
Sub in EI = 30000 kNm2, convert to rad × 10
29.741
𝜃 =− = −0.9914 × 10 rad
30000
6. Moments at joints (all in kNm)
𝐸𝐼 30000
𝑀 = 𝜃 = (−0.9914 × 10 ) = −9.91 kNm
3 3
2𝐸𝐼 2(30000)
𝑀 = 𝜃 = (−0.9914 × 10 ) = −19.8 kNm
3 3

𝑀 = 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 2(30000)(−0.9914 × 10 ) + 30000(−0.6897 × 10 ) = −80.2 kNm

𝑀 = 𝐸𝐼𝜃 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 = (30000)(−0.9914 × 10 ) + 2(30000)(−0.6897 × 10 ) = −71.1 kNm

𝑀 = 112.5 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 112.5 + 2(30000)(−0.6897 × 10 ) = 71.1 kNm

𝑀 = −112.5 + 𝐸𝐼𝜃 = −112.5 + 30000(−0.6897 × 10 ) = −133 kNm

 CivE 372 Winter 2023

7. Bending moment diagram values

C
50 kN
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 100
150 kN
𝑀𝐵𝐷 = 80.2 D𝑀𝐷𝐸 = 71.1 E
B
𝑀𝐷𝐵 = 71.1 𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 133
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 19.8

Moment at location of 150 kN point load,

−71.1 + (−133) 150(6)

𝑀 = + = 123
𝑀 = 9.91 2 4

(positive means tension on bottom)

A

133
71.1

100
19.8

BMD, kNm 80.2

123
Drawn on tension
side

9.91
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

Q8.3 16 MARKS
Using S-Frame or another structural analysis software, model the frame in the following figure under the two load cases shown. See the following
page for a more detailed drawing of the structure. Include the following as part of your submitted PDF file for this assignment:
8.3 A sketch of the model showing dimensions of each member (including rigid links as appropriate), supports/hinges, and member properties
(E, I, A) for each member. You do not need to include loads on this sketch. See Slide 17 of structural analysis software Seminar 3 for an
idea of what this sketch will look like. 6 marks
8.3b The AFD, SFD, BMD, and deflected shape of the frame under Load Case 1. For deflections indicate the maximum vertical deflection
observed. 5 marks
8.3c The AFD, SFD, BMD, and deflected shape of the frame under Load Case 2. For deflections indicate the maximum horizontal deflection
observed. 5 marks
Notes and hints: steel member properties are given on the final page of the assignment. Guidelines for idealizing these systems and interpreting steel
member properties tables were previously presented in Structural Analysis Software Seminar 3 on March 13. See "CivE 372: Assignment Guidelines
for Structural Analysis Program Reports” for more information on what your presented diagrams should look like.
LOAD CASE 1 LOAD CASE 2
160 kN 320 kN 320 kN 160 kN
45 kN/m 45 kN/m 45 kN/m

500 kN

 Point loads applied through the centroid of each column.  Lateral point load applied through centroid of beam between A and
 Distributed loads applied only to the beams. B (RC 600x400)
 Assume self-weight included in 45 kN/m distributed load.  Assume self-weight effects on lateral loading is included in the 500
kN point load.
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

A B C D
6000 8000 8000

RC 600x400 W460x74 W460x74

Detail 1 Detail 2
Detail 3

RC 400x400
RC 1200x400

RC 400x400
4500

W310x79
75 (column face to CL bolt line, 150 (column face to CL corbel
75 (column face to CL bolt line) both faces) support)

Bearing pad of
negligible thickness
Notes:
 Gray shaded regions are concrete (𝐸 = 25 GPa, 𝐺 = 10 GPa (if needed)). Red shaded regions are steel (𝐸 = 200 GPa, 𝐺 = 77 GPa (if
needed)
 All dimensions in mm.
 Tops of all beams are 4500 mm from the floor.
 Treat all connections between columns and floor as fixed.
 Drawing NTS (not to scale)
 All reinforced concrete members (RC) have rectangular cross-sections with dimensions given in drawing. Concrete reinforcement not
shown for clarity.
 All members (steel and concrete) bending about their strong axis (axis with the larger moment of inertia)
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

Steel properties (excerpts from CISC Steel Design Handbook, you will see these in more detail in CivE 374).
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

Q8.3a: Analysis model

Note: students may have slightly different values (dimensions in the model, results from analysis software) and still receive full marks if their
approach is reasonable. For instance, they may use a rigid link to connect RC600x400 to RC1200x400 or not include an analysis station at the
faces of the fixed supports without penalty.
All dimensions in mm. Loads not shown in drawing.

A B C D
600

275
200
5200 7495 7420

230
230

350
300 229 229
W460x74 W460x74 229
RC600x400
E=200 GPa E=200 GPa
E=25 GPa 2 2
2
A=9450 mm A=9450 mm
A=240,000 mm 6 4 6 4
6 4
I=333 ×10 mm I=333 ×10 mm
I=3,600×10 mm
4200 4042
RC1200x400 RC400x400 RC400x400
W310x79
E=25 GPa E=25 GPa E=25 GPa
E=200 GPa
A=480,000 mm2 A=160,000 mm
2
2 A=160,000 mm
2

I=57,600×106 mm4 6 4
A=10,100 mm 6 4
I=2,133×10 mm 6
I=177×10 mm
4 I=2,133×10 mm

Rigid link (assumed 𝐸 = 200 GPa, 𝐼 = 576×109 mm4, 𝐴 = 4.8×106 mm2)

Frame member (see drawing for properties)
Hinge
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

RESULTS – LOAD CASE 1

AFD, kN, tension +ve

SFD, kN, ↑ +↓
Note: for SFD, analysis software only follows the 372 convention if members drawn left to right and bottom to top. If students did not follow this approach (some or all members
drawn with other convention) you can give them this as a tip but they should not be penalized if their numbers are sensical).

BMD, kNm, tension side

Deflected shape (vertical deformation at nodes)

Inset: beam between B and C column line showing relative vertical deformation along length. Max magnitude: 28.76 mm.
 CivE 372 Winter 2023

RESULTS – LOAD CASE 2

AFD, kN, tension +ve

SFD, kN, ↑ +↓
Note: for SFD, analysis software only follows the 372 convention if members drawn left to right and bottom to top. If students did not follow this approach (some or all members
drawn with other convention) you can give them this as a tip but they should not be penalized if their numbers are sensical).

BMD, kNm, tension side

Deflected shape (horizontal node deformation)

Note: do not need inset since largest horizontal deformation at nodes (effectively). Max of 7.74 mm.