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- These 3 provinces known as the number 1

COVERAGE: producers of rice
- When Corazon Aquino become the president,
1. Marcos Era people from the Bulacan sell their farm and make
2. 5th Republic it subdivisions. Including the rivers. Kaya
3. Intellectual Revolution palaging bumabaha un bulacan.
4. Mesoamerican Civilizations
Angat Multipurpose Power
and Irrigation Project
SCIENCE AND TECCHNOLOGY DURING - Angat, Bulacan
MARCOS ERA - Number 1 nagbibigay
satin ng tubig at
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. kuryente sa buong Bulacan at metro manila.
- He was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who - Sya din yun nagsusuply ng tubig sa La Mesa Dam.
was the 10th president of the Philippines from
1965 to 1986. Magat River Project
- He ruled as dictator under martial law from 1972
- It originates in the
until 1981. His regime was infamous for its
Nueva Vizcaya
corruption, extravagance, and brutality.
municipality of Aritao
- Father of Bongbong Marcos
- Nagsusupply ng tubig sa
- Dictator sya kasi 21 years syang naging president.
Luzon at Metro Manila.
- Bago sya maging president, isa syang abogado.
- Nagsusuply din ng kuryente na ibinebenta ng
- Cum laude sa UP.
Meralco.
- Siya yun pinakamataas na average sa Bar exam,
98.01 sa Pilipinas. Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
- d sya topnotcher. Pangalawa sya. 92.8% nakuha Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
nya - Established with the
presidential decree
Infrastractures no.78,s. 1972)
San Juanico Bridge - Monitors the weather
- Construction commenced in 1969 and finish on system in the entire of
1973. Philippines.
- Regalo nya sa asawa nya - Dumating si Noynoy Aquino (2015), nakipagusap
- Pinakamahabang bridge sa pinas. sya sa Japan para gumawa ng satellite.
- At yun pangalan ng satellite na yon “Diwata-1”
Light Rail Transit Authority
- July 12, 1980 president Marcos creates the light Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
rail transit authority. - Nagsususply ng kuryente.
- Monumento to Baclaran - President Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973
announced the decision to build a nuclear power
Luzon Major Irrigation System and plant.
Hydroelectric Power Plant - Construction began in 1976.
Upper Pampanga River Project
- flood water coming Cultural Tourism and Heritage Site
from Nueva Vizcaya, - Naisip ni marcos kapag gagawa sila ng ganyan,
Nueva Ecija and kikita ang pilipinas.
Bulacan to Pampanga - Pagkumita ang pilipinas, magkakatrabaho ang
river. mga tao. Kaya noong 1970s, ang Pilipinas ay
pinakamayaman sa southeast asia.

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Cultural Center of The Philippines People’s Park in the Sky

- Established through executive
order no. 30, 1966 by
president Ferdinand Marcos
- Gumuho daw dati yan, kaya
maramingnamatay na construction workers.
- Nasa Metro Manila, ang katapat nya ay Bangko
Sentral ng Pilipinas.
- Dito nagaganap yun mga film showing.
Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas
- Designed by Leandro Locsin
in 1974.
- It was built in just 90 days (3
months)
- It started construction in April 1974.
- Opened on July 7, 1974.
- Also called as “Folk Arts Theater”
- Dito gaganapin yun Miss Pageant/concerts ng
mga singer.
Philippine International Convention Center
- The complex was
inaugurated on Sept 5, 1976
- Likod ng CCP
- Lahat ng leaders sa buong
mundo pumupunta dito para
magkaroon ng convention
of seminar.
- Built in 1981 during the
Marcos regime.
- Tourist spot.
Hospitals
Lung Center of The Philippines
- Established on January 16,
1981.
- Quezon city, katabi ng Quezon
city hall.
The National Kidney and Transplant Institute
- Established on January 16,
1981.
Philippine Heart Center
- Inaugurated on Feb. 14, 1975.
- Ito un nasa gitna ng dalawang
hospital.
- Pinaka high-tech sa buong Asia
noong 1975.
- Dito dapat magpapaopera si Ninoy Aquino, kaso
ayaw nya kasi gawa ni Marcos. Sabi nya doon
nlng sya sa America magpapaoopera.

Makiling Center for the Arts

- Established in 1976 by first lady SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DURING 5th REPUBLIC
Imelda Marcos at UP Los Baños
- After the martial law
- Ipinatayo to para dyan magkikita
kita at magkakaroon ng Corazon Aquino
- 1986-1992
anniversary ang mga estudyante sa UP.
- The First woman President of the Philippines and
in Asian Country
Nayong Pilipino - Prominent figure in the People Power Revolution
- Build on 1969 through - Feb. 22-25, 1986 (natalo sya sa snap election
the patronage of Imelda noon)
Marcos. - Abolished Marcos dictatorship
- Nasa tabi ng airport - Restored democracy
before. Tinatawag nilang - Mother of Noynoy Aquino; wife of Ninoy
Family Park. Aquino
- Tinanggal na to noon at pinatayo yun Terminal 2 1986
NAIA. - the National Science and Technology Authority
- Nilipat ito sa Clark Pampanga. was replaced by the Department of Science and
- Makikita din dito yun replica ng Mayon Volcano. Technology, giving science and technology a
representation in the cabinet.
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August 8, 1988 Gloria Arroyo

- created the Presidential Task Force for Science - 2001-2010
and Technology which came up with the first - First to take oath outside the Philippines
Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP. - Professor of Benigno Aquino III in Ateneo de
- The goal of STMP was for the Philippines to Manila University
achieve newly industrialized country status by the - Ex-classmate of the former US President George
year 2000. Clinton
2000 - "Filipinnovation"
- encouraged scientists and inventors to bring the - R.A. 9367 or the "Biofuels" act
Philippines to its former position as second to only - Drought-free rice
Japan in the field of science and technology. - Republic Act 10601 which improves the
- One of the goals of her administration was to Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through
achieve the status as being an industrialized Mechanization (AFMech)
country by 2000.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
• Science and technology’s role in economic recovery and
sustained economic growth Ptolemaic model (Geocentric or Geocentrism)
• Reorganization of Philippine bureaucracy that - Was not seriously
Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, also challenged until the
known as the “Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.” 15th century during the
• R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Renaissance. Under
together with this was the “Science for the Masses the geocentric model,
Program” the Sun, Moon, stars,
and planets all orbited
• The Family Code was legalized
Earth.
Fidel Ramos
Heliocentric Model
- 1992-1998
- Chief of staff of the armed forces of the
Philippines before becoming the president.
- The First Non-Catholic president of the
Philippines.
- Issued licenses to Independent power procedures
(IPP) to provide additional power plants. Nicholas Copernicus
- Philippines 2000 - 1473 – 1543
- Privatized the Philippine Airlines - Rediscovered the heliocentric model
- De-monopolized Philippine Long Distance (Aristarchus)
Telephone Company - Polish priest studied in Italy returns to Poland and
works on Astronomy writes De Revolutionibus
Joseph Estrada Orbitum Coelestium (on the revolutions of
- 1998-2001 Heavenly Spheres)
- A First film actor president of the Philippines - Earth is just another planet with a 24-hour rotation
- He faced impeachment retains circular planetary motion (perfection of the
- He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010 sphere)
- The Launching of the Mobile Information
Technology Classroom Copernicus
- The Strengthening of National computer center - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
- The creation of Job Net - Proposed a sun-centered view. (helio-centric)
- Regional Food Microbiology Laboratories - Universe consisted of 8 spheres.
- Planets including earth rotated around the sun
but the moon revolved around the earth.

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- Apparent revolution of the sun and stars around De revolutionibus
the earth was due to the rotation of the earth. - Copernicus’ book
- Did not reject the Ptolemaic vision of the fixed - Was published in 1543 and
spheres. also the year Copernicus
- His views did not make a big splash either pro or died.
con, but there was growing dissatisfaction with - It included an anonymous
the Ptolemaic view.
preface that stated, that the
- He found to his dismay that it better fit the
observed facts than geometric model. new model was merely an
aid to calculation and
suggested that Copernicus
really did not believe it.

Seven points of the Copernican system:
1. The celestial spheres do not have one common
center. The Earth is not at the center of everything.
2. Earth is not the center of the universe, only the
center of gravity and the lunar orbit. Only the
Moon orbits Earth.
3. All the spheres orbit the sun. Spheres means the
planets.
4. Compared to the distance to the starts, the earth to
sun distance is almost non-existent. The stars are
very much farther away than the Sun.
5. The motion of the stars is due to the Earth rotating
on its axis.
6. The motion of the sun is the result of the Earth’s
motions. (rotating and revolution)
7. The retrograde and forward motions of planets is
caused by the earth’s motion. It is caused by the
fact that earth’s orbit is a different length than the
other planets.
Copernican Model
- Was not well accepted by scholars or the public.
- It violated the religious teaching of the time.
Charles Darwin
- 1809 – 1882 AD
- British
- Studied medicine and to be priest for the Anglican
Church
- Spent most of his time collecting beetles and
butterflies
- Went on a scientific expedition on
the Beagle voyage
- From his observations, he
developed the theory of
evolution.
- Famous evidence: the tortoises of
the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific.
“I have called this principle, by which each slight variation,
if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection.”
- CHARLES DARWIN
• Darwin was the British naturalist who became
famous for his theories of evolution and natural
selection.
• Like several scientists before him, Darwin
believed all the life on earth evolved (developed
gradually) over millions of years from a few
common ancestors.
• From 1831 to 1836 Darwin served as naturalist
aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on a British science
expedition around the world.
• In South America Darwin found fossils of extinct
animals that were similar to modern species.
• On the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean he
noticed many variations among plants and
animals of the same general type as those in
South America.
• The expedition visited places around the world,
and Darwin studied plants and animals
everywhere he went, collecting specimens for
further study.

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- Upon his return to London, Darwin conducted
through research of his notes and specimens.
Out of his study grew several related theories:
1. Evolution did occur
2. Evolutionary change was gradual, requiring
thousands to millions of years
3. The primary mechanism for evolution was a
process called natural selection.
4. The millions of species alive today arose from a
single original life from through a branching
process called Speciation.
• Darwin’s theory of evolutionary selection holds
that variation within species occurs randomly and
that the survival or extinction of each organism is
determined by that organism is determined by that
organism ability to adapt to its environment.
• He set these theories 4th of his book called, On the
Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,
or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the
struggle in Life (1859) or The Origin of Species
for short.
• Darwin’s work hard a tremendous impact on
religious thought.
• Many people strongly opposed the idea of
evolution because it conflicted with their religious
convictions.
• Darwin avoided talking about the theological and
sociological aspects of his work, but other writers
used his theories to support their own theories
about society.
• Darwin was a reserved, thorough, hardworking
scholar who concerned himself with the feelings
and emotions not only of his family, but friends
and peers as well.
• It has been supposed that Darwin renounced
evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death,
temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady
Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin at his
deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation.
• Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and
subsequently spread, Lady Hope’s story was
refuted by Darwin’s daughter Henrietta who
stated, “I was present at his deathbed… he never
recanted any of his scientific views, either then or
earlier.”
• Many people felt Darwin’s ideas clashed with the
Bible’s story of Genesis.
• Debate 1860 in Oxford: the Bishop of Oxford
made a speech attacking Darwin
• Thomas Huxley defended Darwin’s ideas
• Unfortunately, people missed the important point
od Darwin’s work that he said “young animal
inherit their features from their parents but he did
not have the evidence for it.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution challenged Christian
Ideas
Varied responses to Darwin:
- The Science vs Religion Battle over-simplifies
responses to Darwin
- Many Christians welcomed and supported
Darwin’s ideas from the start
- Some Christians abandoned their faith
a. Industrialization and Urbanization had done
much already to cut people’s links with the
churches
b. Some became Humanists; some supported
Social Darwinism
- Some Christians rejected evolution –interpreted
Genesis literally; USA Bible Belt; Monkey Trials
Many Christians welcomed and supported
evolution from the start, reinterpreting their
Christian message
Some Used Evolution as a Basis for Living: Social
Darwinism
- Some used Darwin's theory of evolution and
survival of the fittest to guide human society
- Competition weeds out the weak
- Charity, benefits or aid wrongly allow weak to
survive
Criticism:
- Misapplied DESCRIPTIVE biological theories
- Became a PRESCRIPTIVE guide to how we
should behave
Sigmund Freud
- Born 1865 in Freiberg, Moravia to Jacob, his
wool-merchant father. Mother was Jacob’s third
wife.
- Moved to Vienna in 1860 until 1938.
- Vienna exciting place of opportunity and
optimism. In 1867, Jews granted political rights
and accepted into society.
- Freud assimilated, identifying as a German.
- About the time he was 15, liberal political
atmosphere evaporated and anti-Semitism
became virulent, shattering assimilation
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- Graduated from University of Vienna medical
school with strong interest in research but quickly Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
married and realized only private practice would
STAGE FOCUS
provide needed financial support.
Oral (0-18 mos.) Pleasure centers on the
- Published well received scholarly papers on
mouth sucking, chewing,
neurological disorders.
biting
- Outbreak of WWII forced him to flee to London,
where he died a year later in 1939. Anal (18-36 mos.) Pleasure focuses on bowel
and bladder elimination;
coping with demands for
Freud’s Theory is complex because… control
- He kept modifying it as he went along Phallic (3-6 mos.) Pleasure zone is the
- He never presented a comprehensive summary of genitals; coping with
his final views incestuous sexual feelings
- His theory is more comprehensive than must since Latency (6 – puberty) Dormant sexual interest
it has a number of aspects.
- For example, he gives us: Genital (Puberty on) Maturation of sexual
interest
• A theory of motivation
• A theory of thinking (which includes
dreaming, etc.) Defense Mechanism
• A theory of personality development - Tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety in various
(psychosexual theory) ways but always by distorting reality
• A theory of mental structures (id, ego, Repression
superego)
- Repression is the psychological attempt to direct
• A theory of psychopathology and one's own desires and impulses toward
symptom formation pleasurable instincts by excluding them from
• A theory of psychotherapy one's consciousness and holding or subduing them
in the unconscious.
Reaction Formation
Personality Theory According to Freud: - A defense mechanism that pushes away
threatening impulses by overemphasizing the
Personality – our characteristic pattern of thinking,
opposite in one’s thoughts and words
feeling and acting.
Regression
- Defense mechanism where one returns to an
- Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective proposed that earlier, safer stage of one’s life to escape present
childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations threats
influence personality.
- Freud called his theory and associated techniques MESOAMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS
psychoanalysis. Olmec (1300 B.C.)
- The first civilization of Mesoamerica
Unconscious – large below the surface area which - They were located in the hot and swampy
contains thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of lowlands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico
which we are unaware. south of Veracruz.
Free association – the patient is asked to relax and say - They had large cities that were centers for
whatever comes to mind, no matter how embarrassing or religious rituals.
- They carved colossal
trivial.
stone heads
- They may have been to
represent their ancestors
or gods.

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Teotihuacán Mayan Kings

- was the first major city in - Ruled the Mayan
Mesoamerica Kingdom
- Arose around 250 B.C. and - They claimed they were
collapsed about 800 A.D. divine
- May have had as many as - Were assisted by nobles
200,000 inhabitants at its and a class of scribes
- Made special blood sacrifices to maintain the
height.
kingdom.
- Has a main thoroughfare,
People
known as the Avenue of - Included townspeople, skilled artisans, officials,
the Dead, had two main and merchants.
temples. - Many people were peasant farmers who worked
- The Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon. on terraced hillsides farming.
- Men did the fighting and hunting, women made
Mayan Civilization cornmeal and were responsible for homemaking
- Located in the Mexican and Central American and raising children.
rain forest Religion
- Represented by Chichén Itzá - The Maya were Polytheistic.
- Group of city-states ruled by a king - They believed that all of life
- Economy based on agriculture and trade was in the hands of a divine
- Polytheistic religion -Pyramids power.
Maya: Between 300 and 900 A.D. - They were responsible for
- Flourished during this time. We do not know why pleasing the gods.
it fell into decline. The Maya abandoned their - Their gods were ranked in
cities, we do not know why. order of importance, the Jaguar was the god of
night and was seen as evil.
Political and Social Structure
- The Maya practiced human sacrifice to appease
• Cities – Were built around a central pyramid their gods.
• Pyramid – Was topped with a shrine to the gods. - Human sacrifice was also used to mark special
• City-States – Each governed by a hereditary occasions.
ruling class - When a king ascended to the throne war captives
were tortured and beheaded to mark the occasion.

Accomplishments:
Language
- The Maya developed an
independent
- Hieroglyphic language.
- The Spanish destroyed
most of the Mayan writings.
They were not seen as having any value. Their
language was not translated until the 20th century.

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Calendar Aztec Civilization

- The Maya developed - Located in arid valley in central Mexico
a calendar that had - Represented by Tenochtitlan
two different parts. - Ruled by an emperor
- It had a solar calendar - Economy based on agriculture and tribute from
with 365 days, conquered peoples
divided into 18 - Polytheistic religion with pyramids/rituals
months with 20 days - The Aztec began c. 12th century A.D.
each with 5 extra days at the end. - Began a long migration that brought them into the
- A Lunar calendar and a Calendar based on the Valley of Mexico.
movement of the Planet Venus. - They established their capital city at Tenochtitlán.
- This was a sacred calendar with 260 days and 13 Tenochtitlán
weeks of 20 days each. - An Aztec legend said that when the people found
- The Mayan calendar says our present world was their new home, they would see an eagle perched
created in 3114 B.C. and the current world will on a cactus holding a snake. They saw this in lake
end on December 23 2012 A.D. Texcoco.
- Their city was built up on rafts made from reeds
Tikal and covered with dirt. They were called
chinampas. Present-Day Mexico-City is built on
top of this city. The original was destroyed by the
Spanish.
Lake Texcoco
- Swampy lake that was the home of the capital city.
Tenochtitlán means the Place of the Prickly Pear
Cactus.

Chichén Itzá

Political and Social Structure

- By 1500 there were about 4 million people in the
Aztec Empire.

Aztec Emperor
- Ruled over the Aztec Empire.
- Was the supreme leader of the
people.
- He claimed that he was
divine.

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People
- Made up of commoners, indentured workers, and
slaves.
- Most people were farmers, but they also traded
with people in the surrounding areas.
- Men were to be the warriors, while a woman’s
role was to be in the home. Women were allowed
to own and inherit property and enter contracts.
Women wove textiles and raised children. They
could also be priestesses.
Religion
- Had a polytheistic religion based on warfare.
Huitzilopochtli
- Their chief god. He was the god of the sun. The
Aztec
- offered him human sacrifice to give him strength
to battle the forces of darkness each night so that
he could rise each morning. Incan civilization
Quetzalcoatl - Located in the Andes
- The feathered Serpent Mountains of South
- He believed he had left the valley of America
- Mexico and promised to return in triumph. - Represented by Machu
Human Sacrifice Picchu
- Each Aztec city contained a pyramid where they - Ruled by an emperor
- practiced human sacrifice as a way to postpone - Economy based on high-
- the end of the world. altitude agriculture
- Polytheistic religion
- Road system
Late 1300’s Inca
- The Inca started as a small group that were located
in Cuzco. They did not begin to become powerful
until after the fall of the Moche of Peru.
Pachacuti
- Unified the Inca and established the Inca Empire.
Destruction of the Aztec Organization of the Empire
- The subjugation of the people of the Aztec Empire - Incan state was built on war.
bred hatred and discontent among the people. - The conquered peoples were all taught the same
- When the Spanish arrived they did not have a language.
difficult time finding allies to fight the Aztec. - Each region was appointed a governor who
Hernán Cortés 1519 answered to the Emperor.
- Spanish Conquistador who came to the valley of Road System: 24, 800 miles of Road
Mexico in 1519 with 550 soldiers and 16 horses. - The Inca built roads to unify their people. Roads
- He was at first greeted by the Aztec Emperor made travel and communication throughout the
Montezuma (Moctezuma). empire more efficient.
- The Spanish later kidnapped the Emperor and
made him a puppet. The people rebelled and the - There were rest houses and storage depots along
Emperor was killed. The Spanish barely escaped. with bridges to span ravines and waterways.
- The Spanish returned several months later. Many
of the natives had fallen ill with Smallpox. Cortés
and his allies destroyed the Aztec capital and
subjugated the Aztec people.

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Culture
- Were required to marry from within their own
social group.
- Women were expected to live at home, the only
alternative was to be a priestess.
- Most people were farmers, they also herded
llamas and alpacas.
Quipu
- A system of knotted strings used by the Inca to
keep records.
Smallpox
- Devastated the Population
Civil War
- After the death of the Inca Emperor a civil war
broke out, Pizarro took advantage and defeated
the people.
Defeat
- Pizarro and his men established Lima as the new
capital of the Spanish Colony in 1535.
Achievements of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations
• Calendars
• Mathematics
• Writing and other record-keeping systems.

Great Builders
- They had great buildings made of stone held
without mortar. Their roads also show their
ability as great builders. Lahat ng pictures nayan galing lang sa ppt ni sir! Pero
Machu Picchu tingnan nyo pa rin yung pictures sa ppt, may d ako
- City built at 8,000 ft above sea level. nasama ee pero konti lng naman. Tsaka baka lumabas sa
Urubamba River exam yung pictures tas iidentify natin kung ano yorn.
- River below Machu Picchu Aral maigi!! Goooood luuuccck!!!!! – Aki

Defeat
- The Spanish arrived in 1531
1531: Francisco Pizarro
- Spanish Conquistador led a
band of 180 men with
superior weapons.
- The Inca, like the Aztec, were
devastated by disease.
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