Anatomy and

Physiology
The Muscular System

Urip Rahayu
Type Otot
 Functions of the muscular system

• Maintains posture
• Produces movement  kontraksi
• stabilises joints
• Protection abdomen, pelvic
• Generates heat. Atp
 Anatomy skeletal muscle
• the epimysium, which is
wrapped around the
entire muscle;

• the perimysium, which

surrounds bundles of
muscle fibres known as
fascicles;

• the endomysium, which

is wrapped around each
individual muscle cell
Microanatomy of skeletal muscle
fibre
Skeletal muscle contraction and
relaxation
muscle energy
Types of muscle movement
 Medial:
Towards the midline
E.g.: The left eye is medial to the left
ear

Lateral:
Away from the midline
E.g.: The right ear is lateral to the right
eye.
Cranial:
Towards head (cranium)
E.g.: The chest is cranial to the feet.
 Caudal:
Towards the feet
E.g.: The knees are caudal to the
shoulders.
Proximal:
Towards the body. Generally used for the
limbs.
E.g.: The elbow is proximal to the hand
Distal:
Away from the body. Generally used
for the limbs.
E.g.: The tibia is distal to the hip.
A Few More Terms:

Posterior: Superficial:
Behind/towards the towards the skin
back surface

Anterior: Profundus:
In front/towards Away from (deep to)
the front of the the skin surface
body

Superior: above Inferior: below