8

SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Via V. Desabille

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
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Illustrator(s): Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II

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Members: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

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 8
Science
Quarter 1 - Module 3
Potential and Kinetic Energy
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About …………………………………….…………………i

What I Need to Know ………………………………………………………………….……….i
How to Learn from this Module …………………………………...…………………………ii
Icons of this Module ………………………………………………………………………...…ii
What I Know …………………………………………………………………………...………iii

Lesson 1
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy …………………………….........…1
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………..…..….1
What’s New: Activity 1: Potential Vs. Kinetic Energy ……………………...……….1
Activity 2: Roll Over……………………………………………….…….2
What Is It …...………………………………………………………………...….……..3
What’s More: Activity 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy Problems …....…………...5
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Apply It .……………………….……………….....5
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Name Game ……………………………………………..5

Lesson 2
How Speed and Position of Object Affect
the Amount of Energy ……………….………………….…6
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………………...6
What I Need To Know ………………………………………………………………….6
What’s New:
Activity 1: How Speed and Position Affect the Energy of an Object……..…6
Activity 2: Gravitational and Elastic Energy………………………………...…7
What Is It ……………………………………………………………………………..….8
What’s More: Activity 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy within a System ……9
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………………….10
What I Can Do: Activity 4: Application of Energy …………………………………..10

Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………11
Assessment (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………12
Key to Answers ………………………………………………………………………………14
References ……………………………………………………………………………………15
This page is intentionally blank.
What This Module All About

In the previous module you have learned about work, power and energy. Work is done
if the object you push moves a distance in the direction towards which you are pushing it. No
work is done if the force exerted does not make the object move and if the direction of the
force and motion of the object is not the same. You also learned that power is directly
proportional to work but inversely to time that even though they have the same work output
but differs in time to finish the work, power may vary.
Energy does lot of things. In fact, it is really common to hear comments like these, “You
feel tired because you do not have energy” or “You could not raise your hand because you do
not have energy”. You already encountered the concept about energy but you still have more
to go. Come On! Let’s Go and Learn Together!

Energy may exist in variety of forms. These forms could either be relative to its motion
or position of an object. Also, energy is related to work and power of an object. However,
oftentimes we get confused in identifying the forms of energy especially if the object changes
its position. At the same time, we also perceived that energy is affected by the speed alone.
In this module, you will learn more on the various forms of energy and how it is affected by the
speed and position of the object.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.

2. Relate speed and position of object to the amount of energy possessed by a
body.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

i
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you.

What Is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns
and situations.

ii
 What I Know

I. Matching Type

Instruction: Match column A and column B. Write the letter of a correct answer in the space
provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

________1. Gravity A. is energy being used.

________2. Gravitational energy B. depends on mass and position
________3. Kinetic energy C. is the mutual attraction between
objects
________4. Potential energy D. is stored energy, energy waiting to be
used.
________5. Elastic energy E. is energy resulting from compressing or
stretching.
II. Classify the following as a type of potential or kinetic energy. Write P if the energy present
in the example is Potential energy and K if its kinetic energy.

1. A moving toy car _____

2. A stretched rubber band _____
3. Untied balloon _____
4. A ball thrown horizontally _____
5. Standing on the stage _____

III. Multiple Choice

Supply the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer.

1. At what point does the ball have the greatest

kinetic energy? __________

2. Which point displays the marble when it has the

highest potential energy? __________

3. Which point displays the marble when it has the

lowest potential energy? ___________
4. Which point displays the marble when it has the lowest kinetic energy? ________
5. Which point displays greater kinetic energy of the balls, is it letter A or G? ____
6. Which point displays greater potential energy of the ball, is it letter C or F? ______
7. Which point displays lesser potential energy, is it letter F or B? ______
8. Which order correctly displays decreasing in potential energy?
A. C, D, E, F B. B, F, E, C
C. F, E, D, C D. A, G, F, C
9. Which order correctly displays increasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, B, F D. A, B, C, D
10. Which order correctly displays decreasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, F, G D. A, G,
iii
 Lesson Potential vs. Kinetic Energy
1
What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

 Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.

What’s New

Activity 1 – Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy

Objective:

 Identify situations as kinetic or potential energy.

 Determine the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
Procedure:
Read and analyze each situation if it exhibits kinetic or potential energy. Write each
situation on the indicated table below. If it exhibits potential energy write it under Potential
Energy column and if it displays kinetic write it under Kinetic Energy column. The table is on
the next page.

Tied Balloon Untied Balloon

Stone on the hill Stone moving down a hill

Man stretching a bow string Flying arrow

with arrow

Source: https://irp cdn.multiscreensite.com/d4114312/files/uploaded/SciGen_8.1_student.pdf

1
 Potential Energy Kinetic Energy
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Guide Question?
1. What are your bases of considering the situations as potential or kinetic energy?
Express your answer for at least three sentences only.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2 - Roll Over

Objective:
To determine how marble’s potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
Predict:
Will a marble rolling down an incline travel a shorter or greater distance if you raise
the height of the incline?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
.

Procedure:
1. Use books or cardboard or any flat surface material to make an incline.
2. Make the incline for about 12 inches as height. Record the height under Roll 1 in the
table below.
3. Place your marble at the top of the incline. Once it stops moving, use the ruler to
measure the distance travelled by the marble from the end of the incline.
4. Add about 6 inches height of your incline. Then repeat steps two and three.

2
 Incline Height Distance Traveled
Roll 1
Roll 2

Guide Questions: Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. What happened when you raised the height of the incline?
2. Did raising the incline’s height increase the potential energy of the marble? Explain
your answer.
3. Did the marble in Roll 1 and 2 end up with an increase of kinetic energy? Why?

What Is it
What is Energy?
A simple definition of energy states that it is the capacity to do work. The greater the
energy of the body, the greater is its capacity to perform any work. It also does things to make
our life easier. It moves cars, cook food, keeps ice frozen, plays our favorite music and lights
our home. It is also responsible for growth and development.
The energy may be stored by the object in a variety of forms. This work could be in a
form of light, heat, motion, sound, growth, and power to operate technology.
Kinetic energy is the energy relative to the motion of an object. For instance, as the
marble rolls down in an incline from maximum height, its energy is transformed from potential
energy to kinetic energy. At a height just above the ground, the form of energy is mostly kinetic.
It means that the energy has been transformed relative to the vertical position and motion of
an object. Examples of objects with kinetic energy include moving cars, a bullet in motion, or
revolving flywheel. The equation used to solve for kinetic energy is
1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
Where: KE= kinetic energy (joules)
m- mass (kg)
v- magnitude of velocity (m/s)
Potential energy is the stored energy relative to the position of an object. It depends
on the height of an object relative to a reference point. The higher an object is positioned, the
greater the gravitational potential energy. For instance, a pile of books on top of the table, a
stone positioned at the top of the building a car parked up on a ramp possess more ability to
do work than they had when were at ground level. It can also be stored in a stretched or
compressed elastic material, such as springs. Yet, it is computed as,
PE grav = mgh
Where: PE grav= gravitational potential energy (joules)
m= mass (kg)
g = 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity)
h = height relative to the reference point (m)
3
 Forms of Energy
Potential
Chemical Energy- the energy that holds
the particles together.
Elastic Energy- a stored energy in
objects by the application of force
Nuclear Energy- is the energy stored in
an atom specifically in the nucleus.
Gravitational Potential Energy- the
energy of position.
Kinetic
Electrical Energy- is the energy by the
movement of electrons.
Radiant Energy- an electromagnetic
energy that travels in a transverse wave.
Thermal Energy- the internal energy of
the substances.
Sound Energy- the motion of energy
through particles in mechanical
(longitudinal) waves.

What’s More

Activity 3 – Potential and Kinetic Energy Problems

Example 1: Rey serves a ping pong ball with a velocity of 30m/s. If the ball has a mass of
0.15 kg, what is the kinetic energy (KE of the ball)?

Given: Mass=0.15 kg

Velocity= 30 m/s

Unknown: Kinetic Energy

1
Solution: 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2

= 0.5 x 0.15 kg x 900 m2/s2

= 0.5 x 0.15kg x (30 m/s)2

= 67.50 kg m2/s2 or 67.50 J (round to the nearest hundredths)

Example 2: Determine the kinetic energy of a 6.10-kg racing car that is moving with a speed
of 18.0 m/s.

Given: Mass=6.3 kg

Velocity= 18.3 m/s

Unknown: Kinetic Energy

1
Solution: KE = mv 2 = 0.5 x 6.1 kg x 324 m2/s2
2

= 0.5 x 6.10 kg x (18.0 m/s)2

=988.2 kg m2/s2 or 988.2 J (round to the nearest hundredths)

4
 Potential Energy = mass x gravity x height
Example 3: Mark has an object suspended in the air. It has a mass of 30 kilograms and is 40
meters above the ground. Calculate the objects potential energy.

Given: Mass= 30 kg
Height = 40 m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2
Unknown: Potential Energy

Solution: PE = mgh

= 30 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 40 m

= 11,760 kg m2/s2 or 11, 760J (round to the nearest hundredths)

Example 4: A cart is filled with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane to
the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the cart is 4.0 kg and the height of the seat top is 0.50
meters, then what is the potential energy of cart at the height of the seat-top?

Given: Mass= 4.0 kg

Height = 0.50 m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2
Unknown: Potential Energy

Solution: PE = mgh

= 4.0 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 0.50 m

= 19.60 kg m2/s2 or 19.60 J (round to the nearest hundredths)

Apply your understanding of work and power to answer the following questions.
1. An 80kg man is walking at a rate of 4m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the
man.
2. Mike has an object thrown in the air. It has a mass of 10kg and is 2 meters
above the ground. Calculate the potential energy of the object.
3. A cat can run briefly with a speed of 31.0 m/s. Suppose a cat with a mass of
47.0 kg runs at this speed. What is the cat’s kinetic energy?
4. A baseball ball has a mass of about 245 grams. Suppose the player hits the
ball across the table with a speed of about 4.00 m/s. What is the ball’s KE?
5. An object has a mass of 50 kg which is located 5 meters high. What is its
potential energy?

5
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4 – Apply It
Suppose a person who has a 45-kg mass is riding along a frictionless roller coaster
track. At a particular instant, the cart is 15 m above the ground and traveling at 3 m/s. Do you
think the potential and kinetic energy of the cart that the person riding is the same? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 5 – Name Game

What can you find in your home that is an example of kinetic and potential energy?
(Name at least two each energy).
Kinetic:
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
Potential:
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________

6
 Lesson How Speed and Position of Object
Affect the Amount of Energy
2
What’s In

Understand the given situation and identify if it is Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy.
1. The apple in the tree is ________________________ energy
2. The apple falling from the tree is _________________ energy.
3. If the rubber band is stretched it is ________________ energy.
4. If the roller coaster is still, it is ____________________ energy.
5. If the roller coaster is moving, it is _________________ energy.

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

 Relate speed and position of object to the amount of energy possessed by a body.

What’s New

Activity 1 – How Speed and Position of Object Affect the Amount of Energy
Objective: Understand how speed and position of object affect the amount of energy?
Procedure

 Read and analyze the given scenario and answer the guide questions.
Scenario: Ana took a walk in the park and saw a child riding on a swing. She had these
following observations while watching the child swinging.

7
 1. The child is on her stationary position as she is sitting on the swing.
2. The child is moving back and forth as she is riding on the swing.
3. At some instant, the child is at its highest point on the swing.

Guide Questions:
1. Of these three observations, which is displaying the most kinetic energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
2. Of these three observations, which is displaying the most potential energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
3. With these following observations, how speed and position affect the amount of
energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

Activity 2 – Gravitational and Elastic Potential Energy

Objective: Explain gravitational and potential Energy.
Procedure:

 Analyze the given illustration and answer the guide questions.

Figure A. Bouncing ball Figure B. Stretched rubber band

Source:https://favpng.com/png_view/to-be-kicked-the-football- Source:https://www.shutterstock.com/search/stretched+rub
bouncing-ball-royalty-free-clip-art-png/KJG3VwH4 ber+bandpng/KJG3VwH4

Guide Questions:
1. Which of the figures illustrates elastic potential energy? Write only the letter of your
answer. __________.
2. Which of the figures illustrates kinetic potential energy? Write only the letter of your
answer. __________.
3. What energy possessed by the bouncing ball before and after it fell to the ground?
8
 ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think will happen if the rubber band is released in illustration B?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Is it

Potential energy is the energy that is stored

relative to its position.
Gravitational potential energy is a stored energy
that is directly related to the mass of an object. The
heavier the object, the greater gravitational
potential energy it has. It has also a direct
relationship to the height of an object. The higher
an object is positioned, the greater the gravitational
potential energy.
In determining the gravitational potential energy of an object, a position of zero-height
must first be randomly assigned. Since the gravitational potential energy of an object is directly
proportional to its height above the zero position, if you double the height then the gravitational
potential energy will also be doubled.
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in materials that are stretched and compressed.
The elastic potential energy will increase if you further stretch the material.
Energy Analysis
An object will possess more
kinetic energy if it moves at greater
velocity. For example, the kinetic
energy of the pendulum bob
increases as the bob hit the
equilibrium position. Hence, the
bob’s kinetic energy decreases as it
moves away from the equilibrium
position.
As mentioned, the height of
an object is expressed relative to
some arbitrarily assigned zero level.
In other words, the height must be
measured as a vertical distance or
reference position. For a pendulum
bob, the lowest position as
reference position is at zero level.
When the bob is at the lowest
position, its height is zero so it only means that the potential energy is 0 J. As the pendulum
bob does the back and forth, there are times in which bob is moving away from the equilibrium
9
position. As it does, its height is increasing as it moves away. When the bob moves towards
equilibrium position, the height and potential energy decreases.

What’s More
Activity 3 – Potential and Kinetic Energy within a System

Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials: 5-centavo coin,
30 cm string
2. Tie a 5-centavo coin to the end of a 30-
cm string.
3. Hold the end of the string.
4. Move the bob (5-centavo) about 20 cm to
the right and left.
5. Let go of the bob so it can swing.
Guide Questions:
1. What happens if you just let the bob swing back and
forth? What happened to the energy?
2. How speed and position affect the energy possess by an object?

What I Have Learned

What is the relationship of speed and position of object to the amount of energy
possessed by a body? Answer the question briefly and concisely in five sentences only.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

10
 What I Can Do
Let’s apply what you have you learned in gravitational and elastic potential energy in
practical application. Please read carefully the instructions in our task card. Write your answers
on the table provided below.

TASK CARD:

Give practical examples and applications of how an object gains, elastic potential
energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Give at least five (2) examples

Energy Application

Elastic PE

Gravitational PE

Kinetic PE

Summary

Energy is the capacity to do work. It is expressed into variety of forms- kinetic

energy or potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy relative to the motion of an object.
Examples of objects with kinetic energy include moving toy car, an arrow in motion, or
revolving flywheel. Conversely, potential energy is the stored energy of position
possessed by an object. It has two types- gravitational potential and elastic potential
energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy relative to the position of an object
that depends on the height of an object. Elastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in a
stretched or compressed elastic material, such as in springs. Consequently, the speed
and position affect the energy possessed by an object. The kinetic energy of an object
increases as it moves at higher velocity, yet, it decreases as the object moves away from
the equilibrium position.

Formulas:
1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
PE grav = mgh

11
Assessment (Post-test)

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. Potential energy is the energy relative to its ____________________.

2. The formula for energy in motion is __________________________ and energy

relative to its position is ____________________________.
3. Kinetic energy is the energy relative to its _____________________.

4. Arvin has an object thrown upward. Its mass is 50 kg and is 50 meters high.
Calculate the object’s potential energy. Write your solution in the box.

II. Classify the following as a type of potential or kinetic energy. Write P if the energy present in
the example is Potential energy and K if its kinetic energy.

1. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill _____
2. A volleyball player spiking a ball _____
3. The chemical bonds in sugar _____
4. Walking down the street _____
5. A bowling ball rolling down _____
6. An archer with his bow drawn _____
7. A baseball thrown to second base _____
8. The wind blowing through your hair _____
9. Sitting on top of a tree _____
10. A bowling ball sitting on the rack _____

III. The graph below shows a ball rolling from A to G.

12
1. Which point displays the marble when it has the least kinetic energy? __
2. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater kinetic energy than A? __
3. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater potential energy than letter
C?__
12
4. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser potential energy than letter
F?__
5. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater kinetic energy than letter
G?__
6. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser kinetic energy than letter
D?___
7. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser potential energy than letter
C?__
8. Which sequence correctly displays increasing in potential energy?
A. C, D, E, F B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C
9. Which sequence correctly displays increasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, B, F D. A, B, C, D
10. Which sequence correctly displays decreasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, F, G D. A, G, F, C

13
Key to Answers

14
References
Aquino, Marites D, Meliza P Valdoz, Jan Jason M Mariano, and Mary Anne T. Bascara.
Worktext in Science and Technology. C.M. Rcto Avenue, Manila, Philippines: Science
Links Book Store, 2013.

“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Scene: Keeping Track of Energy. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.1.html.

“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Lesson: Kinetic vs. Potential Energy. Accessed June 29,
2020. https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.2.html.

“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Lab: Pendulum Energy. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.3.html.

“Potential Energy.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed June 29, 2020.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy.

“Work, Energy, and Power.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Kinetic-Energy.

“e Energy.” Accessed June 29, 2020.

https://www.need.org/Files/curriculum/infobook/IntroP.pdf.

“Edl.” Kinetic and Potential Energy Worksheet. Accessed July 10, 2020.
https://4.files.edl.io/9ff7/11/12/19/204115-53613b83-3949-4228-a8e6-
99359fcd5e11.pdf.

Physics Classroom Images (Potential Energy). Accessed July 10, 2020.

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/images/qqheader.gif

Physics Classroom Images (Energy). Accessed July 10, 2020.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Power

Science Generation (Potential and Kinetic Energy).Accessed July 10, 2020.

https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/d4114312/files/uploaded/SciGen_8.1_student.pdf

15
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088 328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph