Mindanao Medical Foundation College

P. Villanueva Street, Agdao, Davao City

Telephone Number 221 – 6225

General Education
General Chemistry

Learning Outcomes
A.
For separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble material and a solvent, evaporation is ideal. The solution
is heated until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas), leaving the solid residue behind.
B.
In chromatography, the chalk acts as an adsorbent or stationary phase. The solvent is alcohol. The non-
volatile sample is dissolved by the solvent, resulting in the liquid phase of chromatography. The analysts
(pigments) migrate at various rates, resulting in separation.
C.
Sublimation is the process of converting a solid to a gaseous state without causing it to become liquid. It
occurs more frequently when a substance is near its freezing point. Sublimation is the conversion of a
solid to a gaseous state without it being liquid in physics. The less dense of the two liquids, or the liquid
from which the precipitate or sediment has settled out, is poured off, leaving the other component, or the
mixture's more dense liquid, behind. The adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or
dissolved solid to a surface is known as adsorption. This procedure forms an adsorbate coating on the
adsorbent's surface. This differs from absorption, which occurs when a fluid (the absorbate) dissolves or
permeates a liquid or solid (the absorbent).
D.
Simple distillation can produce an almost full separation (almost pure components) or a partial
separation (increased concentration of selected components in the mixture). The technique takes use of
changes in the relative volatility of the mixture's components in each situation.
Guide Questions
1. What do you think is more effective in separating mixtures?
Filtration is a far more effective and sensitive method of separating solids and liquids. This is because it
can be used to separate even the tiniest solid particles that may not settle fully with sedimentation.

1. How will you separate, Explain each:

Acetone from water
-Fractional distillation because the liquids in the mixture have different boiling point.
Organic layer from the aqueous layer
-Using a separating funnel, in the left separating funnel, the aqueous layer is on the bottom, meaning the
organic layer must be less dense than water. In the right separating funnel, the aqueous layer is on the
top, meaning the organic layer must be denser than water.
Caffeine from coffee
-The most popular methods of decaffeinating coffee today are, Swiss Water Processing, Ethyl Acetate
Processing, Methylene Chloride Processing (Direct and Indirect), and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Processing.