K.J.

Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,

Mumbai-22

ELECTRIC
WIRING
PRACTICAL
REFERENCE MANUAL
SEM-II
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

CONTENTS
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.

MCB

ELCB

WIRING CONNECTION

ELECTRIC DIAGRAM SYMBOLS

CONNECTION DIAGRAM FOR (Godown, House, Staircase Wiring)

K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

Safety precautions when working with electricity

1. Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch or try
repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands. It increases the
conductivity of the electric current.

2. Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation or broken plug

3. If you are working on any receptacle at your home then always turn off the
mains. It is also a good idea to put up a sign on the service panel so that
nobody turns the main switch ON by accident.

4. Always use insulated tools while working

5. Always use appropriate insulated rubber gloves and goggles while working
on any branch circuit or any other electrical circuit.

6. Never use an aluminum or steel ladder if you are working on any receptacle
at height in your home

7. Know the wire code of your country.

8. Don’t touch someone who’s been electrocuted.

9. Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electric

Equipment’s
 K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22
What is meant by single-phase or three-phase connection?
The alternating electric current (AC) that supplies your home can be provided via
different types of connection:

2-wires: single-phase connection

3- or 4-wires: three-phase connection

2-wires: single-phase connection

If it is single-phase connection, two wires come into your electrical service panel:

● Black or Red 'live' wire

● Blue 'neutral' wire
A voltage difference of 230 V separates these two wires.

3- or 4-wires: three-phase connection

If it is a three-phase connection, 3 or 4 wires come into your electrical service

panel, according to what your electrician was able to install with the available
utility network.

● Three 'live' wires: R-Red, Y-Yellow, B-Blue (RYB)

● A Black 'neutral' wire
● A voltage difference of 440 V separates these wires.

Each type of connection has its advantages. With a single-phase system it is easier

to balance the electrical loads of the network. A three-phase connection on the
other hand, is more suited to the consumption of a building that includes powerful
machines, an elevator for which a three-phase system is needed. It can, in fact
 K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

Switchgear

Definition: 

The apparatus used for controlling, regulating and switching on or off the electrical
circuit in the electrical power system is known as switchgear. The switches,
fuses, circuit breaker, isolator, relays, current and potential transformer, indicating
instrument, lightning arresters and control panels are examples of the switchgear
devices.

A circuit breaker is a switching device that interrupts the abnormal or fault current.
It is a mechanical device that disturbs the flow of high magnitude (fault) current
and in addition performs the function of a switch. The circuit breaker is mainly
designed for closing or opening of an electrical circuit, thus protecting the
electrical system from damage.

Circuit Breaker Ratings

The rating of the circuit breaker is given on the duties that are performed by it

1. SP MCB– Single Pole

2. DPMCB – Double Pole The number of poles
3. SPN – Single Pole and Neutral
Rated voltage
4. TPMCB – Triple Pole
Rated current
5. TPNMCB – Triple Pole and Neutral
Rated frequency
6. 4P – Four Pole (Three Pole &
Operating voltage
Neutral)
 K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

Electrical Fuse
The fuse is a device used in an electrical circuit for protecting electrical devices
against overloads and short circuits. It is the simplest and cheapest device used for
interrupting an electrical circuit under short circuit or excessive overload current
magnitudes. It is used for overload or short circuit protection in high voltage up to
66 KV and low voltage up to 400 kV.

Advantages of an Electrical Fuse

● It is the cheapest form of protection, and it does need any maintenance.

● Its operation is completely automatic and requires less time as compared to circuit
breakers.
● The smaller sizes of fuse element impose a current limiting effect under short-
circuit conditions.
● Its inverse time-current characteristic enables its use for overload protection.

Disadvantages of an Electrical Fuse

● Considerable time is required in replacing a fuse after the operation.

● The current-time characteristic of a fuse cannot always be correlated with that of
the protective device.

Fuse Wire Materials

The material used for fuse elements must be of low melting point, low ohm loss,
high conductivity (or low resistivity), low cost and free from detraction. The
 K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22
material used for making fuse elements has a low melting point such as tin, lead, or
zinc. Beyond 15A rating circuit, copper wire fuses are employed.

What is MCB?
Nowadays we use more commonly miniature circuit breaker or MCB in
low voltage electrical network instead of fuse.

The MCB has some advantages compared to fuse.

1. It automatically switches off the electrical circuit during abnormal condition

of the network means in overload condition as well as faulty condition. The
fuse does not sense but the miniature circuit breaker does it in more
reliable way. MCB is much more sensitive to over current than fuse.
2. Another advantage is, as the switch operating knob comes at its off position
during tripping, the faulty zone of the electrical circuit can easily be
identified. But in case of fuse, fuse wire should be checked by opening fuse
grip or cutout from fuse base, for confirming the blow of fuse wire.
3. Quick restoration of supply cannot be possible in case of fuse as because
fuses have to be rewirable or replaced for restoring the supply. But in the
case of MCB, quick restoration is possible by just switching on operation.
4. Handling MCB is more electrically safe than fuse. Because of to many
advantages of MCB over fuse units, in modern low voltage electrical
network, miniature circuit breaker is mostly used instead of backdated fuse
unit.

Only one disadvantage of MCB over fuse is that this system is more costly than a
fuse unit system.
 K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)

Characteristics

● Phase (line), Neutral wire connected through ELCB.

● ELCB is working based on Earth leakage current

RCCB-(Residual Current Circuit Breaker)

Residual Current Circuit breaker, it is leakage current
sensing device, which can automatically measure &
disconnect the current whenever a fault Occurs .it is based on
incoming current and outgoing current are must be same,
otherwise it switch off /cutoff power supply.
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

ELECTRIC SYMBOLS

AMETER

VOLTMETER

OHM METER

WIRE

WIRE/CONDUCTOR (CONNECTED)

WIRE/CONDUCTOR (NOT
CONNECTED)

MOTOR

PUMP

IGNITION SWITCH

SWITCH
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22
FUSE

RELAY (OPEN TYPE)

RELAY (CLOSE TYPE)

GROUND

LIGHT BULB

RESISTOR

VARIABLE RESISTOR

COIL

SOLENOID

LED

CAPACITOR
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22
CELL

MALE FEMALE CONNECTOR

LAMP/INDICATOR

WALL LIGHT

DC SUPPLY

AC SUPPLY

ELECTRIC BELL

ANTENNA

SPEAKER

TRANSFORMER

CIRCUIT BREAKER

PLUG/SOCKET

BELL
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22
BUZZER

PUSH SWITCH

ONE WAY SWITCH/SINGLE POLE

SINGLE THROW (SPST)
TWO WAY SWITCH/SINGLE POLE
DOUBLE THROW (SPDT)

DOUBLE POLE SINGLE THROW

(DPST)

DOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW

SWITCH(DPDT)
K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22

R-REGULATOR L1-LAMP (100 WATT) B1-BELL

L2-FAN S1, S2, S3-ONE WAY SWITCH

ICDP-IRON CARD DUAL POLE SWITCH

K.J.Somaiya Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Sion,
Mumbai-22