DESIGNING OF 

THE SUPERSONIC PASSENGER AIRPLANE

Jamakeyev Islambek 
Institute of space technique and technology
Kazakhstan, Almaty
E-mail: jamakeyev.i@gmail.com

Today supersonic passenger aircraft (SPJ) are not in operation . In the

seventies of the twentieth century, two SPJs were in operation and mass-produced:
the Tu-144 and the Concord. The main reason for the end of their operation is the
increase in fuel prices, in connection with which the operation of SPJ data for
airlines was very costly. Also problems in the creation of the SPJ is the hanged
heating of the structure due to the high flight speeds and the phenomenon of a
sonic boom, in which a shock wave is created while overcoming the sound barrier.
This shock wave violates the permissible norms for noise and at low altitudes (300
m) of flight creates tremendous pressure that can knock out windows in houses.
SPJ, calculated in this paper, is supposed to be a supersonic business jet
(SSBJ) with a capacity of up to 6 people. Points of reference are Aerion AC 2,
Spike S-512.
As the initial data on outline design are set:
Table 1
Initial data on outline design
0,51 (М = 1.5)
( km )
Flight speed s
Ceiling (km) 20
Flight range (km) 7000
Number of seats 6

Basic statistics for design:

1. Mass relative:
relative mass of the structure ḿк =0,2;
relative mass of the power plant ḿсу =0,08;
relative weight of equipment and control ḿоб упр =0,07;
 relative mass of fuel ḿ т=0,65.
2. Geometric:
fine ration:
wing λ=0,8;
vertical tail λ ВО =0,5;
relative profile thickness
wing с́=0,14;
sweep angle:
wing χ ≥ 60° ;
vertical tail χ ≥ 60° ;
fuselage diameter d ф =1,9 м;
fuselage fine ratio λ ф=16.
3. Aerodynamic:
lift coefficient:
maximum in flight configuration c y max =0,4 ;
maximum in runway configuration c y max пос=0,8.

1 Choosing of the layout of the aircraft and the type of propulsion system
The type of SSBJ scheme is based on Concorde projects and Lockheed
Martin N +2 . The proposed layout is canard with a trapezoid wing of small
elongation. This layout provides low frontal resistance at high supersonic flight
speeds.

Figure 1 – Lockheed Martin N+2

 To solve the problems of fuel consumption0, it is proposed to use ultra-thin
wing profile as F-104 and Aerion AS 02.
As a propulsion system, it is proposed to use the EJ 200 as a promising new
generation engine. In the future, we can use the engine from project Aerion AS02.

Figure 2 – EJ200

Table 2
EJ200 specifications
Maximum thrust ( N ) 60000
Gas temperature in the combustion 1800
chamber (К)
Bypass ratio 0,4
Cruising fuel consumption (kg / h) 828

2 Finding of basic parameters

From the equation of the aircraft and the statistical data are determined by the
mass parameters:
 Table  3
Mass characteristics of SSBJ
Maximum Mass of Mass of Mass of Mass of Payload
weight (kg) fuel (kg) airframe propulsion control mass (kg)
system (kg system (kg)
(kg)
20000 6500 10120 1880 700 800

The mass was calculated in the first approximation. Take-off weight is the
sum of the mass of the structure and controls, propulsion system, fuel, payload.
Having the exact value of the mass of fuel and fuel consumption in cruising
mode, we can determine the value of the maximum range:
mт 6500
L= = =7241 km.
ṁт 2∙ 828

Determination of the specific load on the wing:

1) takeoff and landing:
c y max пос ∙ q пос 0,8∙ 0,5 ∙ 1,227∙ 702 N
p0I = = =5335 2 .
ḿпос 1 m

The speed of take-off and landing is assumed to be 70 m/s.

2) cruising flight:
II c y max ∙ q 0,4 ∙ 0,5 ∙ 0,0889∙ 4952 N
p0 = = =5445 2 .
ḿ кр 0,8 m
Cruising mode is flying at a speed of 0.495 km/s and at an altitude of 20 km.
The specific load on the wing is taken as the value during takeoff.
With a specific wing load and statistical geometrical parameters, the
following wing characteristics can be determined:
0 m ∙g
20000 ∙ 9,8 2
1) wing area: S= p = 5335 =36,514 m ;
0

2) wing span: l= √ λ ∙ S= √ 0,8 ∙ 36,514=10,466 m ;

2S 2∙ 36,514
3) end chord: b k = (η+1)∙ l = (7+1)∙ 10,466 =1,744 m;

4) root chord: b 0=b k η=2,923∙ 7=5,233 m.

 Having the geometric characteristics of the SSBJ, we can proceed to the
creation of a mathematical model for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of
the SSBJ.

Figure 3 - SSBJ Model in SolidWorks CAD

The main purpose of mathematical modeling was to determine the lifting

force, the drag force in takeoff and landing modes, when such an aerodynamic
scheme is ineffective.
The simulation was carried out for 2 stages of flight:
1) takeoff with a flight speed 70 m/s, the angle of attack α =6 °
2) flight speed М=1,5 flight altitude Н=20 км; α =2 °;
According to the results of modeling the aerodynamic loads for the model, a
table of results and a picture of pressure changes were compiled (Figure 3).
Table 4
Results of aerodynamic calculation
Flight mode Lift to drag ratio Lift (N) Drag (N)
М=0,1; Н=0 km 6,659 227467 34158
М=1,5; Н=20 km 8,418 215906 25648
 Figure 4 – Pressure changes, М=1,5

Figure 5 – SSBJ drawing

The most likely risks for this project are:

1) underfunding of the project;
2) possible low economic efficiency. It can be caused by the emergence of
more economical and cheaper to operate subsonic business jet.
 The prospect for the creation of this SSBJ is the development of all
technologies designed to achieve supersonic cruising speed:
1) the creation of new materials that can maintain their strength properties at
high temperature heating;
2) solution to the problem of sonic boom.
In the future, technologies and ideas worked out at this SSBJ can become the
basis for creating aircraft with supersonic cruising speed.

Список литературы:

References:
1.               Bakulev V.I., Golubev V.A. Theory, calculation and design of

aircraft engines and power plants. - M .: Publishing house of MAI, 2003. - 693 p.

2.               Yeger S.M., Mishi and V.F. Aircraft design. -   M .: Mechanical

Engineering, 1983. - 616s.

3.               Zuev Yu.V., Lepeshinsky I.A. Approximate gas-dynamic
calculation of a supersonic ramjet engine: Tutorial - Moscow: MAI, 2009. - p .: il.