Geology vs

Environmental Science
Apdian
Polestico
Viray
Things expected to learn after the discussion

▪ Geology and its importance to the field of Environmental Science

▪ Different branches in Geology and their relationship to the other
sciences
▪ Geology as one of the core subjects in the field of environmental
science
▪ Orientation on the role of Environmental Scientist to the
preservation and protection of the earth
Geology

▪ According to the Geological Society and with The University of

Geoscience in UK, Geology is also known as Geoscience or Earth
Science.
▪ It is a study of the Structure, evolution and dynamics of the Earth
Science and its natural Mineral and Energy resources.
Environmental Science

▪ According to Jill Nugent Associate Dean of the Southern New

Hampshire University, Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field
that integrates areas of life, physical and earth science to study and
address problems facing the environment and to implement science
based solution.
Why Geology?
Geology plays a very important role in the
field of Environmental Science

▪ It examine and study the physical features of an area.

▪ It helps to mitigate natural hazards and minimize environmental
degradation.
▪ It helps to manage disposal of wastes such as radioactive materials or
excess nutrients and investigate contaminant dispersal through
erosion and deposition.
▪ It helps to manage energy sources such as coal and oil to mitigate
hazards and enhance sustainability.
▪ It assess potential geological hazards such as hillslope instability,
erosion and flooding.
IMPORTANCE OF THE 2 (GEOLOGY
and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE) TO
EACH OTHER.
Illustration
Illustration
Different Branches of Geology
and its Relation to other
Non-geological Sciences
Three Branches of Science

Modern Science is mainly constituted of three main

branches, these three areas peruse upon the nature of our
world and the universe in the broadest way. Thus, the three
main branches of Science are:
▪ Natural Sciences
▪ Social Sciences
▪ Formal Sciences
Natural Sciences

Natural Sciences is the core of the branches of science as

studies the nature of our physical world and the universe. The
three branches of Natural Sciences are:
▪ Physical Science – Physics, Chemistry, Kinetics,
Thermodynamics, Astrophysics, Oceanography, Earth Science*, etc.

▪ Life Science – Biology, Zoology, Neuroscience, Genetics,

Taxonomy, Ecology, etc.

▪ Earth Science – Astronomy, Meteorology, Geology,

Climatology, Structural Geology, etc.
Social Sciences

Social Sciences study human societies from across the globe

as well as the relationship of human beings with their social
environment. The major branches of Social sciences are:
▪ Psychology ▪ History
▪ Sociology ▪ Geography
▪ Anthropology ▪ Law
▪ Economics ▪ Politics
▪ Archaeology
Formal Sciences

Formal Sciences is quite a unique area of study in Science as

it uses formal systems to produce knowledge and explore the
nature of different disciplines. The most important branches
of Formal Sciences are:
▪ Mathematics ▪ Statistics
▪ Logic ▪ Systems Science
▪ Computer Science ▪ Artificial Intelligence
▪ Data Science ▪ Information Technology
Main Branches of Geology

▪ Physical Geology/Dynamic Geology/Geomorphology

▪ Mineralogy
▪ Petrology
▪ Structural Geology
▪ Historical Geology
▪ Paleontology/Palaeontology
▪ Economic Geology
Physical Geology
▪ Also called Dynamic Geology or Geomorphology
▪ It is the fundamental study of the earth's lithospheric
components like rocks, minerals, and soils and how they
got originated over a period of time.
▪ It is also the scientific study of the origin and evolution of
landforms and landscapes created by physical, chemical or
biological processes operating at or near the Earth's
surface.
▪ This subject gives the foundation for all other earth science
branches.
 Physical Geology is
co-related to Chemistry,
Physics, Geophysics,
Mathematics, Astronomy,
Surveying, Mapping,
Drawing, Descriptive
Geometry, Mining,
Metallurgy, Engineering
Sciences, and Military
Training that are under
Natural, Social and Formal
Sciences.
Mineralogy
▪ Mineralogy is the branch of geology concerned with the
study of minerals.
▪ The modern study of mineralogy was founded on the
principles of crystallography.
▪ Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of
mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals,
their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.
▪ Physical Mineralogy and Chemical Mineralogy are the main
branches of Mineralogy.
Petrology
▪ Petrology is the scientific study of rocks, their composition,
texture, and structure, their occurrence, distribution and
origin in relation to physicochemical conditions and
geologic processes of formation.
▪ It is concerned with all three major types of rocks—igneous,
metamorphic, and sedimentary.
 Mineralogy and
Petrology are both co-
related to Chemistry,
Physics, Geophysics,
Mathematics, Astronomy,
Mining, Metallurgy, and
Engineering Sciences that
are under Natural and
Formal Sciences.
Structural Geology
▪ Structural geology is the scientific study of the three-
dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their
deformational genesis and histories.
▪ Structural geology is an essential part of engineering
geology, which is concerned with the physical and
mechanical properties of natural rocks.
▪ The primary goal of structural geology is to use
measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover
the information about their origin and history of
deformation (strain) in the rocks.
 Structural Geology is
co-related to Physics,
Geophysics, Mathematics,
Astronomy, Surveying,
Mapping, Drawing,
Descriptive Geometry,
Mining, Metallurgy, and
Engineering Sciences that
are under Natural and
Formal Sciences.
Historical Geology
▪ Historical geology is the discipline that uses the principles
and techniques of geology to reconstruct and understand
the past geological history of Earth.
▪ It is a major branch which deals with the records of events
of earth history and with the historical sequence and
evolution of plants and animals of past ages.
▪ Historical Geology is , sometimes , called as Stratigraphical
Geology. It brings together all collated details of other
Branches of Geology like Paleontology, petrology and
structural geology, pertaining to age-wise correlated beds.
Paleontology/Palaeontology
▪ It is the scientific study of the developing history of life on
earth and also the study of ancient plants and animals
based on their fossil record.
▪ This includes the study of body fossils, tracks, burrows, cast
off parts, fossilized faeces ("coprolites"), and chemical
residues.
▪ It also heavily relies on the two subjects such as biology and
geology. It uses techniques drawn from a wide range of
allied sciences like biochemistry, mathematics, and
engineering.
 Historical Geology
and Paleontology are co-
related to Chemistry,
Physics, Geophysics,
Mathematics, Astronomy,
Surveying, Mapping,
Drawing, Descriptive
Geometry, Mining,
Metallurgy, Engineering
Sciences, Biological
Sciences, History and Social
and Political Sciences that
are under Natural, Social
and Formal Sciences.
Economic Geology
▪ Economic Geology is the scientific study of the Earth’s
sources of mineral raw materials and the practical
application of the acquired knowledge.
▪ It is primarily concerned with the Earth's materials that are
used for economic and/or industrial purposes.
▪ Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences.
▪ Economic geology may be of interest to other professions
such as engineers, environmental scientists, and
conservationists because of the far-reaching impact that
extractive industries have on society, the economy, and the
environment.
 Economic Geology is
co-related to Chemistry,
Phsics, Geophysics,
Surveying, Mapping,
Drawing, Descriptive
Geometry, Mining,
Metallurgy, Engineering
Sciences, Biological
Sciences, Economics and
Business Administration
that are under Natural and
Social Sciences.
Geology as one of the core subjects in the
field of environmental science

The core courses in Environmental Science major include Biology,

Chemistry, Geology and Mathematics.

• Changing in a very rapid phase.

• Studying to learn the changes and tells us how to react on it.
• How can we maintain balance.
Role of Environmental Scientist to the
preservation and protection of Earth
▪ Environmental science is the ▪ Environmental Scientist
study about environment use their knowledge of
and discover solutions to the natural sciences to
environmental problems. protect the environment
Environmental problems by identifying problems
such as pollutions, climate and finding solution that
change, global warming, minimize hazards to the
ozone layer depletion, acid health of the
rains, and impact on environment and the
biodiversity and marine life. population.
Duties:

▪ Determine data collection methods for research

projects, investigations, and surveys
▪ Collect and compile environmental data: samples of
air, soil, water, food, and other materials.
▪ Analyze samples, survey, and other information to
identify and assess threats to the environment
Duties:

▪ Develop plans to prevent, control, or fix the

environmental problems
▪ Provide information and guidance to government
officials, businesses, and the general public on
possible environmental hazards and health risks
▪ Prepare technical reports and presentations that
explain their research and findings.
Types of Specialists:

▪ Climate Change Analysts - study effects on ecosystems caused by the changing

climate.
▪ Environmental health and safety specialist - study how environmental factors
affect human health. They investigate potential environmental health risks.
▪ Environmental restoration planners - assess polluted sites and determine the
cost and activities necessary to clean up the area.
▪ Industrial ecologists - work with Industry to increase the efficiency of their
operations and thereby limit the impacts these activities have on the
environment.
▪ Environmental Chemists - study the effects that various chemicals have on
ecosystems.
Environmental Scientist

Central work of Environmental Scientist is to

understand the issues involved in protecting the
environment; (such as)
▪ Degradation
▪ Conservation
▪ Recycling
▪ Replenishment