تقرير الطالب بلال عفانه

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟزﯾتوﻧﺔ اﻷردﻧيﺔ‬
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

‫ﻛﻠيﺔ اﻟﻬندﺳﺔ واﻟتكنوﻟوﺟيﺎ‬
"‫" اﻟﺠﻮدة واﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ Faculty of Engineering and Technology "‫" ﻋﺮاﻗﺔ وﺟﻮدة‬
"Quality and Excellence" " Tradition and Quality"
Practical Training Report Form - Practical Training Procedures/ Faculty of Engineering and
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Technology
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌــــﺔ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮﻧـــﺔ اﻷردﻧﯿـــــﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻠﯿــﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳـﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿـــــﺎ‬

Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department Electrical Engineering / Power and control
Practical Training Report

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Student Name: Belal Ahmad odeh Afanah
Department: Electrical Engineering / Power and control
Place of Training: Al-Buraq Factory (Faisal Alsharabti Co.)
Semester: Third
Training Duration: 8 Weeks
Date: 2/9/2021
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Abstract:
The training was carried out at Alburaq Factory (Faisal Alsharabati Co.) / Electrical
Maintenance and control panel assembling Dept. / Amman Abu-Alanda.
Our Main goals was to Cover as much as possible of the academic curriculum and subjects
The activities are summarized into three main parts: -

1- Sales Department
It’s the department that is responsible of getting the bids, obtaining customer requests and
specifications that suits him and giving them to the proper Department.
2- Electrical Panel Department

Its where all of the panels are made and designed from scratch.
3- Maintenance Department
The importance of this Department lies in maintaining all the machines and devices from
malfunctions and maintaining them if any malfunction or problem happens
.
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Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................... page3
Introduction ................................................................................................................ page6
The Training Environment:....................................................................................... page7
Power Distribution system ......................................................................................... page8
Motor control centers panels..................................................................................... page9
Starting motor methods............................................................................................ page10
proximity switch ....................................................................................................... page11
submersible pump .................................................................................................... page12
Variable Frequency Drive ........................................................................................ page13
phase failure relay ............................................................................................. page14-15
Analysis .................................................................................................................... page16
Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
References................................................................................................................ page18
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Power Distribution system………….…………….. Page number8
Figure2 Motor control centers panels …………….………...Page number9
Figure3 motor soft starter………………………………….. Page number10
Figure 4 Star/Delta Starter…………………………..……...Page number10
Figure 5 proximity switches…………………....………….. Page number11
Figure6 submersible pump………………………….…….. Page number12

Figure 7 Float Switch……………………………………... Page number12
Figure8 Variable Frequency Drive ………………….…….Page number13
Figure9 phase failure relay…………………………..…….Page number15
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Introduction
Evolution and development
AL-Buraq factory is a national factory in Jordan presents solutions for electrical installation (lighting,
control and distribution systems).
The electrical panels department was established in 1999 AD Since then, this section has seen many
developments in the technical level.
For the control and distribution panels the factory manufactures them from the beginning; -
Cutting and folding the metal sheets according to the panel Size is the first step Then assembling the
parts which will be suitable for the customers
The factory has more than 200 products including all kind of plastic fittings, cable trays, Lighting
poles and hangar, aluminum lantern, home heaters, electric connecter and more….
all these products are produced in modern machines that need to be maintenance regularly.
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The Training Environment:
The Factory was built in Amman Abu Alanda right next to the Jordan Customs in 1990 AD at the
Industrial area.
the training time was starting at 7:00 am where we take the first check around the factory making
everything is working perfectly and due to the large quantity and variety of machines in the factory,
there are many systems, equipment and parts to learn and understand
we spend the majority of the time in the electrical panel department where the engineers were more
than helpful and keen to obtain both of the applied and theoretical knowledge.
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Assigned tasks or projects
1. Power Distribution System

Power Distribution is a system, consisting of a Main Distribution Board (MDB), Sub Main Distribution
Boards (SMDBs) and Final Distribution Boards, by which the electrical energy is transmitted via
branches to reach the exact end user.
MDB Panel
An MDB is a panel or enclosure that houses the fuses, circuit breakers and ground leakage protection
units where the electrical energy, which is used to distribute electrical power to numerous individual
circuits or consumer points, is taken in from the transformer or an upstream panel. An MDB typically
has a single or multiple incoming power sources and includes main circuit breakers and residual current
or earth leakage.
Sub-Main Distribution Boards
The MDB then feeds SMDBs, which is installed generally at the point where a large distribution cable
terminates and several smaller sub-circuits start. These are the switchboards that although similar
construction, are larger than a final distribution board circuit. The boards are installed midway through
the power distribution system, at the point in a large distribution cable end, and several smaller starting
sub-circuits.
Final Distribution Boards
The Sub-Main Distribution Boards feeds the Final Distribution Board, which then feeds electrical
energy to the end user.
Figure 1 Power Distribution system

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2. Motor Control Center Panels

Motor control centers are simply physical groupings of combination starters
in one assembly.
A combination starter is a single enclosure containing the motor starter, fuses
or circuit breaker, and a device for disconnecting power. Other devices
associated with the motor, such as pushbuttons and indicator lights may also be
included. These usually comprise of incoming Air Circuit Breakers, main
horizontal and vertical bus bars, outgoing starter modules with MCCB / Switch
Fuse Unit, overload relays, contractors, etc. with adequate space for
connection of cable and are easily extendable on either side and have excellent
short circuit withstand performance of Bus Bars comprised of bolted / riveted
modular construction.
MCC stands for motor control center. It consists of feeders for motors and
blowers. Feeders are designed according to the motor rating. In most of the
MCCs, auto/manual provision will be there. With manual provision motors can
be operated manually. In auto provision external signal is required to start the
motor. The signal is given by the control panel. Indicators for the motor
operation also will be present in control panel.
A motor control center (MCC) is an assembly of one or more enclosed
sections having a common power bus and principally containing motor control
units. Motor control centers are in modern practice a factory assembly of
several motor starters. A motor control center can include variable frequency
drives, programmable controllers, and metering and may also be the electrical
service entrance for the building.
Figure2 Motor control centers panels

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3. Starting motors methods

A motor soft starter is a device used with AC electrical motors to temporarily reduce
the load and torque in the powertrain and electric current surge of the motor during
start-up. This reduces the mechanical stress on the motor and shaft, as well as the
electrodynamic stresses on the attached power cables and electrical distribution
network, extending the lifespan of the system.
A soft starter continuously controls the motor's voltage supply during the start-up
phase. This way, the motor is adjusted to the machine's load behavior.
Electrical soft starters can use solid state devices to control the current flow and
therefore the voltage applied to the motor. They can be connected in series with the line
voltage applied to the motor.
The Star/Delta starter is manufactured from three contactors, a timer and a thermal overload. The
contactors are smaller than the single contactor used in a Direct on-Line starter as they are controlling
winding currents only. The currents through the winding are 1/root 3 (58%) of the current in the line.
There are two contactors that are close during run, often referred to as the main contractor and the delta
contactor. These are AC3 rated at 58% of the current rating of the motor. The third contactor is the star
contactor and that only carries star current while the motor is connected in star.
The current in star is one third of the current in delta, so this contactor can be AC3 rated at one third
(33%) of the motor rating.
Figure 4 Star/Delta Starter

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4- Proximity switches
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these
switches are non-contact sensors, using magnetic, electric, or optical means to sense the proximity of
objects.
A proximity switch will be in its “normal” status when it is distant from any detectable object.
Being non-contact in nature, proximity switches are often used instead of direct-contact limit switches
for the same purpose of detecting the position of a machine part, with the advantage of never wearing
out over time due to repeated physical contact.
Most proximity switches are active in design. That is, they incorporate a powered electronic circuit to
sense the proximity of an object.
Inductive Proximity Sensors detect magnetic loss due to eddy currents that are generated on a
conductive surface by an external magnetic field. An AC magnetic field is generated on the detection
coil, and changes in the impedance due to eddy currents generated on a metallic object are detected.
Other methods include Aluminum-detecting Sensors, which detect the phase component of the
frequency, and All-metal Sensors, which use a working coil to detect only the changed component of
the impedance. There are also Pulse-response Sensors, which generate an eddy current in pulses and
detect the time change in the eddy current with the voltage induced in the coil.
Capacitive proximity switches sense the presence of non-metallic objects through the use of a high-
frequency electric field.
Optical proximity switches detect the interruption of a light beam by an object. Ultrasonic proximity
switches sense the presence of dense matter by the reflection of sound waves.
Figure 5 proximity switches

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5- Submersible pump
A submersible pump is a device which has a hermetically sealed
motor close-coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is
submerged in the fluid to be pumped. The main advantage of this type
of pump is that it prevents pump cavitation, a problem associated with
a high elevation difference between the pump and the fluid surface.
Submersible pumps push fluid to the surface. Submersibles use
pressurized fluid from the surface to drive a hydraulic motor downhole,
rather than an electric motor, and are used in heavy oil applications
with heated water as the motive fluid.
Submersible pumps are found in many applications. Single stage
pumps are used for drainage, sewage pumping, general industrial
pumping and slurry pumping. They are also popular with Pond filters.
Multiple stage submersible pumps are typically lowered down a
borehole, and most typically used for residential, commercial,
municipal and industrial water extraction (abstraction), water wells
and in oil wells.
Other uses for submersible pumps include sewage treatment plants,
seawater handling, firefighting (since it is flame retardant cable), water
well and deep well drilling, offshore drilling rigs, artificial lifts, mine
dewatering, and irrigation systems.
Figure6 submersible pump
Submersible pumps can be activated using Float switch which is a type of level sensor, a device used to
detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an
alarm, or to control other devices.
Figure 7 Float Switch

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6- Variable-frequency drive
VFD is shorted for Variable Frequency Drive (also known as AC Drives and Inverters) -- that's used to
make an AC motor working in variable speed (among other parameters). This is definition used in all
topical discussion on this paper. A basic VFD system generally consists of an AC motor, a controller,
and an operator interface.
VFD for AC motors have been the innovation that has brought the use of AC motors back into
prominence. The AC-induction motor can have its speed changed by changing the frequency of the
voltage used to power it. This means that if the voltage applied to an AC motor is 50 Hz (used in
countries like China), the motor works at its rated speed. If the frequency is increased above 50 Hz, the
motor will run faster than its rated speed, and if the frequency of the supply voltage is less than 50 Hz,
the motor will run slower than its rated speed. According to the variable frequency drive working
principle, it's the electronic controller specifically designed to change the frequency of voltage supplied
to the induction motor.
The VFD is perhaps the most common type of output or load for a control system. As applications
become more complex the VFD has the ability to control the speed of the motor, the direction the motor
shaft is turning, the torque the motor provides to a load and any other motor parameter that can be
sensed.
Figure8 Variable Frequency Drive

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7- phase failure relay
The phase failure relay is a special type control device that monitors phase sequence, phase loss, phase
unbalance, overvoltage, and under-voltage in three-phase electrical systems.
In the electrical market, they are also known as phase protection relay, phase control relay, line
monitoring relay, or phase monitoring relay.
The basic function of a phase failure relay is to receive input signals and determines them. If a pre-set
value is reached, an output contact will change its position. This contact output is connected to devices
such as contactors and switches that can open the circuit. (Or an alarm output is sent to PLC)
Phase failure relay has various types of protection functions. Some of them are:
1. Phase unbalance
If the supply by the three-phase system is unbalanced due to an uneven distribution of the load, the
motor will convert a part of the energy into reactive power. This energy gets lost unexploited; also the
motor is exposed to higher thermal stress. Phase unbalance is causing a strong derating of AC motors.
Above 5% unbalance it is strongly recommended to shut down the motor. Only monitoring relays (with
phase unbalance monitoring function) can automatically stop before the motor is damaged. Reliable
monitoring for unbalance extends the life of a motor and prevents expensive damage.
2. Phase sequence
An incorrect phase sequence applied at start-up or a change in the phase sequence during operation will
cause a three-phase motor to run with reverse rotation. Operating in the reverse direction will cause
damage to some motors or loads such as pumps, screw compressors, and fans. Operating with an
incorrect phase sequence can loosen parts of the machine or workpieces and cause extremely dangerous
situations. This can be avoided by permanently monitoring the phase sequence. All you need is a
monitoring device and a contactor to switch off the devices.
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3. Phase loss (Phase failure)

A phase loss can result from, for example, a blown fuse, mechanical failure within the equipment, a
broken power line, a defect on a transformer winding, or lightning. As soon as one phase is lost, a
loaded three-phase motor cannot start or may stall under load. But it might also keep on running
asymmetrically. If a motor stalls the electrical resistance is considerably less than in a rotating motor.
This causes an increased current of up to 600% of the nominal current of the motor. Such a high current
will destroy the motor windings within seconds. Motors should never be started during phase loss. If a
motor stalls it must be disconnected immediately.
Figure9 phase failure relay

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Analysis
The Training was carried out at alburaq factory for the period of 8 weeks, I joined the maintenance and
electrical panels Training program. I learned through my training program about assembling control and
power panels and find the best solution for customers’ requests and orders, I also got to know a lot of a
new electrical equipment and devices ,I had the chance to know how some problems are solved and
fixed ,I had the pleasure to be trained in al buraq factory
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Conclusions and Recommendations
The comprehensiveness of the training materials that were obtained for electrical engineering students is
still not known. Generally, the subjects that were covered in this program are still being used in various
fields of study. Aside from theoretical topics, students also need to improve their skills in terms of
practical application.
Getting the most out of the training is important, as it can improve a person’s skills and knowledge in
the electrical engineering field.
It is also necessary to keep up with the latest developments in the field of electrical engineering.
In conclusion, the training at ALburaq Factory is considered recommended for Electrical Engineering
students that’s This is due the emphasis on the practical side more than the theoretical side because most
students lack practical training, which leads to enhancing his chances of getting a job in the long run.
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References:
http://www.electricalterminology.com/phase-failure-relay
http://www.vfds.org/what-is-vfd-how-it-work
http://www.yuankunpump.com

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‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟزﯾتوﻧﺔ اﻷردﻧيﺔ‬

Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌــــﺔ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮﻧـــﺔ اﻷردﻧﯿـــــﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻠﯿــﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳـﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿـــــﺎ‬

Department Electrical Engineering / Power and control

Practical Training Report

Student Name: Belal Ahmad odeh Afanah

Department: Electrical Engineering / Power and control

Place of Training: Al-Buraq Factory (Faisal Alsharabti Co.)

Training Duration: 8 Weeks

The activities are summarized into three main parts: -

2- Electrical Panel Department

Introduction ................................................................................................................ page6

The Training Environment:....................................................................................... page7

Power Distribution system ......................................................................................... page8

Motor control centers panels..................................................................................... page9

Starting motor methods............................................................................................ page10

proximity switch ....................................................................................................... page11

submersible pump .................................................................................................... page12

Variable Frequency Drive ........................................................................................ page13

phase failure relay ............................................................................................. page14-15

Analysis .................................................................................................................... page16

Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure6 submersible pump………………………….…….. Page number12

The Training Environment:

Assigned tasks or projects

1. Power Distribution System

Figure 1 Power Distribution system

2. Motor Control Center Panels

Figure2 Motor control centers panels

3. Starting motors methods

Figure 4 Star/Delta Starter

Figure 5 proximity switches

Figure 7 Float Switch

Figure8 Variable Frequency Drive

7- phase failure relay

3. Phase loss (Phase failure)

Figure9 phase failure relay

Conclusions and Recommendations

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