Republic Airline Legal Study Guide Overview

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LEGAL STATEMENT
Revision 0
The information contained in the Republic Airline Supplemental Study Guide is intended for use solely by Republic
Airline employees in the interest of safe air transportation. Any review, use, distribution or disclosure by others is strictly
prohibited (Republic Airways’ Associate Handbook, 2.2.3 Privacy).
The content is informative in nature and is not intended to supersede or amend approved company policies or procedures
as outlined in any Company manual.
Blue font: Indicates questions related to bold and italic in the SOP Limitations chapter 3.
Red font: Indicates questions related to memory items on the Quick Reference Card (QRC).
If you find anything to be incorrect, or would like to see something added please use this hyperlink to send a
request fltopssupport@rjet.com
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Table of Contents
Study Guide – E170/175

Table of Contents
1. AIRPLANE GENERAL 5
2. OVERHEAD PANEL 7
3. GLARESHIELD PANEL 49
4. MAIN PANEL 58
5. CENTRAL PEDESTAL 135
6. CONTROL WHEEL 157
7. COCKPIT FLOOR 163
8. COCKPIT SIDE PANEL 168
9. REVIEW QUESTIONS 173
10. MEMORY ITEMS 226
11. LIMITATIONS 230
12. FLOWS 245
13. PROFILES 257
14. BRIEFINGS 264
15. ARE YOU LEGAL? 271
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Cockpit Photo
4
Airplane General
Quick Study Guide – E170/175

CHAPTER 1: AIRPLANE GENERAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS AIRPLANE GENERAL
1. COCKPIT CONCEPT 6
2. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 6
3. CABIN DOOR 6
4. DIMENSIONS 6
5
Airplane General

AIRPLANE GENERAL
COCKPIT CONCEPT
 When a white stripe is illuminated in a button it indicates the button is not in its normal position.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
 Emergency equipment located on the flight deck:
o Crash Axe
o Escape Rope (2)
o Flashlight (2)
o Oxygen masks (3)
o Life Vests (3)
o Fire Extinguisher
o PBE
 4 on board (1 in cockpit, 3 in cabin)
 Pressurized oxygen and protection from smoke, fumes, and fire up to 40,000 ft for at least
15 minutes.
CABIN DOOR
 Internal door handle vent flap
o Relieves residual cabin pressure prior to opening the door.
 Escape Slide Indications
o Armed: Red ARMED appears above the respective door handle.
o Disarmed: Green DISARMED appears above the respective door handle.
o Escape slide will not normally deploy when opened from the outside.
DIMENSIONS
 Width:
o 170 and 175 – 85’ 4”
o 175 enhanced wingtip – 93’ 11”
 Minimum turn radius is approximately 54 ft.
 Minimum obstruction clearance path is determined by the horizontal stab tip unless it is the 175 with
extended winglets than it is the winglet.
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Overhead Panel

Table of Contents
1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (HONEYWELL) 9
1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (UNIVERSAL) 10
2. ELECTRICAL Panel - AC 11
3. ELECTRICAL Panel – DC 13
4. COCKPIT LIGHTS Panel 20
5. ENGINE FIRE HANDLE 21
6. FUEL Panel 22
7. PASSENGER SIGNS Panel 24
8. FIRE EXTINGUISHER Panel 26
9. APU CONTROL Panel 30
10. WINDSHIELD WIPER Panel 32
11. EXTERNAL LIGHTS Panel 33
12. HYDRAULIC Panel 35
13. PRESSURIZATION Panel 37
14. WINDSHIELD HEATING / ICE PROTECTION Panel 40
15. AIR COND / PNEUMATIC Panel 43
16. PASSENGER OXYGEN Panel 48
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Overhead Panel

CHAPTER 2. OVERHEAD PANEL
1
8
5 5 14
2 9
10
12
3 6
15
11
4 7 13
16
8
Overhead Panel
1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (HONEYWELL)
2 3 4
1. CVR ERASE Button

 Press to erase the CVR audio recording. The recorded information can be erased provided the aircraft is on
the ground and the parking brake is set.
2. DVDR TEST Button
 Press to test all CVR and FDR functions on both DVDRs.
 Press and hold for 3 seconds and verify no fail messages displayed on EICAS.
3. HEADPHONE Jack
 A headset can be plugged in this jack. This will allow the monitoring of the tone transmission during a test,
or to monitor the playback of voice audio.
4. AFT/FWD Selector Switch
 Sets the source of the headphone audio for the aural indication when the DVDR test is successful
(maintenance only).
DVDR
 One DVDR is located in the forward electronics bay
 One DVDR is located in the aft electronics bay.
 The DVDR automatically operates at first engine start.
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Overhead Panel
1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (UNIVERSAL)
5 2 3 4
6
1
7
1. EVENT BUTTON
 Not used in this configuration
2. HEADPHONE JACK
 Monitors tone transmission during test.
3. TEST BUTTON
 Press and hold for 2 seconds to simultaneously test all CVR and FDR functions on each DVDR. Verify no fail
messages on EICAS and the following test result:
o The FDR 1 and CVR 1 PASS/FAIL lights flash during ten seconds. After ten seconds the FDR 1 and
CVR 1 PASS/FAIL lights illuminate steady in green, indicating the completion of a successful test.
o After DVDR 1 test finishes, the DVDR 2 test will automatically start.
o The FDR 2 and CVR 2 PASS/FAIL lights flash during ten seconds. After ten seconds the FDR 2 and
CVR 2 PASS/FAIL lights illuminate steady in green, indicating the completion of a successful test.
4. ERASE BUTTON
 Erases the recorded audio information, provided that the airplane is on the ground and parking brake is set.
5. FDR PASS/FAIL INDICATOR
 Green – Associated FDR works properly.
 Amber – Associated FDR is failed or not installed.
6. CVR PASS/FAIL INDICATOR
 Green – Associated CVR works properly.
 Amber – Associated CVR is failed or not installed.
7. AUDIO INDICATOR
 Green – Audio signal at a minimum level is detected in any of the four CVR channels during the self-test.
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Overhead Panel
2. ELECTRICAL Panel - AC
1 1
1. IDG 1 and IDG 2 SELECTOR KNOBS

 AUTO: This position closes the IDG contactor, connecting the IDG to the respective AC BUS. When an engine
starts, the IDG will automatically come on line, powering the respective AC BUS. The previous power source
is disconnected from that AC BUS.
 OFF: Opens the IDG contactor, isolating the IDG from the respective AC BUS. IDG is tripped off-line and de-
excited.
 DISC: Must be held in this position for one second to mechanically disconnect the IDG. After disconnect the
flight crew cannot reconnect the IDG.
o Note: Do not hold for more than three seconds.
 Source Priority for the AC BUS 1 and 2: Respective IDG (Onside), APU Generator (Inside), Ground Power Unit
(Outside), Opposite IDG (Cross-side).
2. APU GENERATOR BUTTON

 PUSH IN: Automatically connects the APU generator to the AC BUS TIE, according to the source priority.
 PUSH OUT: Opens the APU generator contactor and isolates the APU generator from the AC BUS TIE.
Integrated Drive Generator

 One IDG can supply the entire electrical system.
APU Generator
 APU generator has the same power rating as the IDGs.
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Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel – AC
3 3
5 4
3. IDG OIL INDICATOR

 Illuminates for high oil temperature or low oil pressure (HOTLOP) indicating which IDG must be
disconnected.
 LED will be OFF after IDG disconnection.
 Associated with an EICAS message.
4. AC BUS TIES SELECTOR KNOB
 1 OPEN: Opens the Bus Tie Contactor (BTC) 1, segregating AC BUS 1 from AC BUS 2.
 AUTO: This position controls the operation of the BTCs, according to system logic. If one of the AC power
sources fails, both AC electrical networks are automatically connected by BTCs.
 2 OPEN: Opens the BUS TIE Contactor (BTC) 2, segregating AC BUS 2 from AC BUS 1.
5. GROUND POWER UNIT (GPU) BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Connects the AC GPU to the AC BUS TIE, according to source priority (AVAIL  IN USE).
o Priority: Batteries  AC GPU APU. When the APU is started, the AC GPU is automatically isolated
from the AC BUS TIE.
 PUSH OUT: Isolates the AC GPU from the AC BUS TIE (IN USE  AVAIL).
 AVAIL: AC GPU is connected and AC power quality requirements (voltage/amperage/frequency) are within
limits.
 IN USE: AC GPU is powering the airplane.
GROUND POWER UNIT

 Before disconnecting the AC GPU the AC GPU pushbutton must be pushed out. The AC GPU has to be
pushed out for the next connection.
 Charges the batteries.
 Used to power the airplane if the batteries are below 22.0 volts.
INVERTER
 Converts DC to AC power.
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Overhead Panel
3. ELECTRICAL Panel – DC
1 1
1. TRU 1 and TRU 2 TOGGLE SWITCH

 AUTO: Automatic operation of the electrical system. Connects TRU 1 (2) to the respective DC bus
 OFF: Isolates TRU 1 (2) from the respective DC bus
TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT (TRU)

 Converts AC to DC.
2. TRU ESS SWITCH

 AUTO: Automatic operation of the electrical system. Connects TRU ESS to the ESS BUS 3
 OFF: TRU ESS is isolated from ESS BUS 3
DC GPU
 Supplies power to only the APU START BUS.
 Used when battery #2 temperature is below -20°C.
 Cannot be used to charge the batteries.
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Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel – DC
3 4
3. BATT 1 SELECTOR KNOB

 ON: Connects Battery 1 to DC ESS BUS 1
 OFF: Power is only supplied to HOT BATT BUS 1
 HOT BATT BUS 1 powers: Engine 1A and 2A fire extinguisher, engine fuel shutoff valve 1, hydraulic system
shutoff valve 1, engine 1 oil level indication, Courtesy/Service lights fwd, DC ceiling lights.
4. BATT 2 SELECTOR KNOB
 AUTO: Connects Battery 2 to DC ESS BUS 2. Allows Battery 2 to power the APU START BUS during APU start.
 OFF: Power is only supplied to the HOT BATT BUS 2
 HOT BATT BUS 2 powers: Engine 1B and 2B fire extinguisher, engine fuel shutoff valve 2, hydraulic system
shutoff valve 2, engine 2 oil level indication, refueling panel, Water and Waste controller, and CMC.
 Minimum battery #2 operating temperature for APU start is -20C
BATTERIES
 Two NiCd DC batteries
 Charge constantly by any AC source.
 Supply essential loads for 10 minutes.
 On ground if powered only by batteries for more than 5 minutes a horn will sound.
 Wait to turn the batteries off when leaving the aircraft until the APU off and APU FUEL SOV CLSD EICAS
messages are displayed (approximately 80 seconds).
 Below 22.0 volts the batteries must be charged.
 Maintenance must be called if battery voltage is below 21 volts.
5. DC BUS TIES
 AUTO: Allows automatic operation of the electrical system.
 OFF: DC bus ties open
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Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Two independent networks provide complete segregation and fault isolation.
 GPU powered aircraft with an engine started at the gate will have a split electrical system.
AC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Two IDGs, APU generator, RAT, AC/DC inverter, AC GPU
DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Three TRUs, Two batteries, DC GPU
POWER DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL

 4 Integrated Control Centers (ICCs)
o ICCs collect and confirm the power is safe and then sends it to the SPDA.
 2 Secondary Power Distribution Assemblies (SPDAs)
o Receives power from the ICC and distributes it to the airplane systems.
 Circuit Breakers
o Either thermal or electronic CBs.
o Flight crew can monitor the electronic CBs in the forward e-bay through the MCDU.
 Modular Avionics Unit (MAU)
o The airplane systems that require a complex logic for the normal operation are connected to the
MAUs, which have the ability to process various inputs.
ELECTRICAL EMERGENCY (INITIAL POWER-UP)

 Operational: Guidance panel, DU 2 & 3, IESS, Clock, MCDU 2, CCD 1, Audio Control Panels, and Compass
backlight.
LOAD SHED
 Whenever the electrical load increases beyond the system limit the system load sheds the galleys and the
right windshield heating
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Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel
16
Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel
17
Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel
18
Overhead Panel

ELECTRICAL Panel
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Overhead Panel
4. COCKPIT LIGHTS Panel
1 3
4 5
1. MAIN PNL KNOB

 OFF: Turns the lights off.
 BRT: Lights full bright.
 Rotate knob to adjust brightness.
2. OVHD PNL KNOB
 OFF: Turns the lights off.
 Rotate knob to adjust brightness of the overhead panels integral lighting.
3. PEDESTAL KNOB
 OFF: Button/window indications remain illuminated to full bright as a default operations configuration. All
other lights turned off (backlighting).
 Rotate knob to adjust brightness.
4. ANNUNCIATORS TEST BUTTON (Momentary position)
 Illuminates the white/amber striped bars and caption indications verifying the lamp integrity.
 Does NOT check Parking brake ON light, AC GPU Button, or Fire indications.
5. DOME SWITCH
 ON: Turns 2 cockpit dome lights ON.
 OFF: Turns 2 cockpit dome lights OFF.
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Overhead Panel
5. ENGINE FIRE HANDLE
1. ENGINE FIRE HANDLE

 PULL: Closes the associated engine bleed air, fuel and hydraulic shutoff valves, and crossbleed valve.
 ROTATE (left or right): Discharges the A (left) or B (right) fire extinguisher bottle into the associated engine.
Engine Fire Indication:

 Engine Fire handle illuminates
 EICAS displays ENG (1) (2) FIRE message
 Master Warning triple chime and Fire Bell
 FIRE Displayed on the respective engine ITT gauge
 WARN Master Warning lights on glareshield illuminate
Second Bottle discharge:

 Fire handle illumination may be lost after first fire extinguishing bottle discharged. If the CAS message is still
active the fire condition persists.
ENGINE FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION

 Monitored by two detector loops.
 Both fire bottles may be discharged in one engine.
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Overhead Panel
6. FUEL Panel
1. XFEED SELECTOR KNOB

 LOW 1: Opens the crossfeed valve and automatically activates AC PUMP 2, supplying fuel to both engines
from the right wing tank.
 OFF: Closes the crossfeed valve.
 LOW 2: Opens the crossfeed valve and automatically activates AC PUMP 1, supplying fuel to both engines
from the left wing tank.
 Note: Setting AC PUMP 1 or 2 selector knob to any position different than AUTO overrides fuel crossfeed
pumps command.
 Fuel Imbalance:
o EICAS message FUEL IMBALANCE appears at 800 lbs, message clears at 100 lbs and EICAS message
FUEL EQUAL – XFEED OPEN appears
o Republic limitation: 790 lbs
o Takeoff is allowed with the FUEL IMBALANCE EICAS message as long as fuel is within limits and the
XFEED Selector is OFF.
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Overhead Panel

FUEL Panel
2
3 3
2. DC PUMP SELECTOR KNOB
 OFF: Deactivates the DC fuel pump.
 AUTO: Automatically operates the DC fuel pump according to the system’s logic.
 ON: Activates the DC fuel pump.
3. AC PUMP SELECTOR KNOBS
 OFF: Deactivates the associated AC fuel pump.
 AUTO: Automatically operates the associated AC fuel pump according to the system’s logic.
 ON: Activates the associated AC fuel pump.
FUEL PUMPS
 Each wing fuel tank contains: ejector fuel pump, wing AC electric fuel pump, three scavenge ejector pumps,
DC electric fuel pump (right tank only).
 Ejector fuel pump: Primary wing fuel pump is a venturi ejector pump (jet pump) with no moving parts, and is
powered by the respective engine motive flow. Requires no electrical power to operate.
o With engines running, engines and APU are fed by the primary ejector pumps.
 Scavenge pumps: Maintain fuel level in the collector tank, ensuring a constant flow of fuel to the engine
during normal flight (keeps primary pumps submerged).
 AC Fuel pumps:
o Back-up pump, supplying fuel to the engine in the event of ejector pump failure or during engine
start.
o Supply fuel to the APU when the engine is not running.
o Crossfeed operations.
 DC Fuel pump:
o Used for normal APU operation and engine start, when AC power or the AC fuel pump is not
available.
o Installed in the right tank.
o Can be used in flight and on the ground.
 Pump system logic:
o Primary ejector pump.
o AC pump.
o DC pump.
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Overhead Panel
7. PASSENGER SIGNS Panel
2
1
1. EMER LT SELECTOR KNOB

 OFF: Prevents all emergency lights from illuminating if electrical power is turned off or fails.
 ARMED: Automatically illuminates all emergency lights if the airplane loses electrical power or if airplane
electrical power is turned off.
 ON: Turns on all emergency lights.
2. ATTND CALL BUTTON (Momentary Position)
 PUSH: Single hi/lo tone chime in passenger cabin.
3. STERILE SWITCH
 ON: Illuminates the sterile rainbow light in the cabin.
 OFF: Turns off the sterile rainbow light in the cabin.
EMERGENCY LIGHTS
 Once illuminated the emergency lights will last approximately 10 minutes.
 Powered by four dedicated Emergency Lights Power Units (ELPUs) with internal batteries.
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Overhead Panel

PASSENGER SIGNS Panel
4. NO ELEC DEVICES / NO SMKG SWITCH

 ON: Illuminates the respective signs.
 OFF: Turns off the respective signs.
 If the aircraft is installed with the NO SMKG signs, they will automatically illuminate whenever the passenger
oxygen masks doors are open regardless of switch position.
 Delta aircraft only: NO ELEC DEVICES sign will be inoperative.
5. FSTN BELTS SWITCH
 ON: Illuminates the FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs.
 OFF: Turns off the FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs.
 Whenever the passenger oxygen masks doors open, signs will automatically turn on regardless of switch
position.
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Overhead Panel
8. FIRE EXTINGUISHER Panel
1 1
1. FWD/AFT CARGO FIRE DETECTION/EXTINGUISHER BUTTON (Guarded)

 Button illuminates if smoke is detected in the respective cargo compartment.
Cargo Compartment Logic

Cargo Compartment Fire WITH Message
Bottle Discharge High-Rate Bottle Low-Rate Bottle
In-Flight Push the button once Automatic after 1 minute
On –Ground Push the button once Push the button once
Cargo Compartment Fire WITHOUT Message

Bottle Discharge High-Rate Bottle Low-Rate Bottle
In-Flight Push the button twice (1st to arm, 2nd to Automatic after 1 minute
fire within 2 minutes & arm low rate)
On-Ground Push the button twice (1st to arm, 2nd to Push the button once
fire within 2 minutes & arm low rate)
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 Provides fire detection and extinguishing capabilities for: Engines, APU, Cargo compartments, and Lavatory.
 5 Portable fire extinguishers in the aircraft (1 cockpit, 2 FWD cabin, 2 AFT cabin).
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Overhead Panel

FIRE EXTINGUISHER Panel
Cargo Fire Extinguisher Bottles

 High rate bottle: Discharges for a period of 60 seconds (1 minute).
 Low-rate bottle: Protects the cargo compartment for 75 minutes.
o In Flight may be discharged before the 1-minute is up by pressing the button again.
 Both bottles must be used in 1 cargo compartment.
 If the button is required to be pushed within 2 minutes to discharge, after 2 minutes with no button push
the system will reset.
 1-2-3 Pushes
o 1 – In-Flight With Indication
o 2 – On-Ground With Indication, In-Flight No Indication
o 3 – On-Ground No Indication
CARGO COMPARTMENT SMOKE DETECTION

 After smoke detection in the forward cargo compartment, the air circulation fan in the forward
compartment automatically turns off and the ventilation outflow valve closes.
 Fire bell and Master warning triple chime, MASTER WARNING lights flash, associated cargo compartment
extinguishing button illuminates, EICAS message CRG FWD (AFT) SMOKE.
2. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM TEST BUTTON (Momentary position)

 Tests the engine fire, APU fire, and cargo smoke detection systems
 Press and hold the test button for a minimum of 3 seconds, but not more than 10 seconds if the APU is
running or it will automatically shutdown the APU.
 Forward cargo compartment fan stops.
 Ventilation outflow valve closes – only when bleed air is being provided by the engines or the APU
LAVATORY SMOKE DETECTION AND FIRE PROTECTION

 1 smoke sensor on each lavatory ceiling
 Smoke is detected: Master WARNING lights flash, EICAS LAV SMOKE, respective lavatory alarm sounds and
the detector light comes on. Flashing orange light on the respective rainbow lights illuminates.
 1 fire extinguisher bottle located in each waste container that automatically discharges when the
temperature exceeds a certain limit.
27
Overhead Panel

Fire Detection System Test

 No FAIL fire detection/extinguishing system messages on EICAS.
 6-2-7-2
OVERHEAD PANEL
o Fire handle 1
o Fire handle 2
o Cargo smoke (FWD) extinguisher button
o Cargo smoke (AFT) extinguisher button 6 lights
o APU extinguisher button
o APU EMER STOP (top half of button)
GLARESHIELD
o Master Warning light (left)

o Master Warning light (right) 2 lights
EICAS
o ENG 1 FIRE (CAS message)

o ENG 2 FIRE (CAS message)
o CARGO AFT SMOKE (CAS message)
o CARGO FWD SMOKE (CAS message)
o APU FIRE (CAS message) 7 lights
o (Engine 1 ITT gauge)
FIRE
o (Engine 2 ITT gauge)
FIRE
AURAL WARNING
o Master Warning Triple Chime
o Fire Bell 2 aural warnings
28
Overhead Panel

3. APU FIRE EXTINGUISHER BUTTON (Guarded)

 Illuminates in the event of a fire when:
o APU EMER STOP button is pressed; or
o 1 minute after alarm if no further action has been taken.
 Illumination turns OFF when the fire input from the APU fire detectors disappears.
 APU FIRE EXTINGUISHER button pressed:
o Discharges the APU fire bottle.
o Shuts down the APU through the APU FADEC.
o Closes the APU fuel shutoff valve (SOV).
Indications of an APU Fire

 Master Warning Triple chime and Fire Bell.
 Red striped bar on the APU emergency stop button illuminates.
 APU FIRE EICAS message.

WARN
 All alarms and indications cease when fire conditions are no longer present.
APU Fire Logic

 Ground: APU will automatically shut down 10 seconds after the fire condition is present if the APU EMER
STOP button has not been pressed.
 In Flight: APU will not automatically shutdown for a fire.
APU FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION

 2 detector loops.
 1 APU fire bottle located in the rear fuselage.
 Press the APU EMER STOP button prior to the APU Fire Extinguisher button to avoid the possibility of the
APU acting like a venturi and sucking all the halon overboard.
29
Overhead Panel
9. APU CONTROL Panel
1. APU SELECTOR KNOB

 OFF: Normal shutdown is initiated. Pneumatic power is removed immediately; electric power is removed at
the end of a 1-minute cooldown. Rotating the knob back to ON during shutdown cancels the shutdown
sequence.
 ON: Normal position when running.
 START (Momentary position): Initiates the APU start cycle.
Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

 Gas turbine engine that is automatically monitored and controlled through a dedicated Full Authority Digital
Electronic Control (FADEC) unit.
APU Start
 To avoid unsuccessful start attempt it is recommended to wait 30 seconds after the EICAS is energized to
start the APU.
 APU electrical and pneumatic are available 3 seconds after reaching 95% rpm.
 APU start will automatically abort if the APU fails to start within the normal start cycle time period.
 Battery 1 powers the FADEC and EICAS for monitoring; battery 2 powers the APU start bus.
 AC GPU can not be used to start the APU.
30
Overhead Panel

APU CONTROL Panel
2. APU EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON

 PUSH IN: Closes the APU shutoff valve, shutting the APU down without a cool down period. White bar
illuminates in the lower half of the button.
 PUSH OUT: Normal Position.
 Red striped bar in the top half of the button illuminates in the event an APU fire is detected. When pushed
in a white striped bar illuminates and the APU FIRE EXTINGUISHER button illuminates.
APU Limitations
 Maximum altitude for APU start is 30,000’
 APU supplies bleed air up to 15,000’
 APU provides bleed air for engine start up to 21,000’
 APU provides electrical power up to 33,000’
 Battery 2 temperature below -20°C you must use the DC GPU for start
APU Protection
On the ground In flight

All conditions Overspeed
Underspeed
FADEC critical fault
APU Bleed
 Primarily used for: ECS on the ground, engine starting on the ground, assist with engine start (<FL210), and bleed
source for pressurization, and heating and cooling (<15,000 MSL).
 Not capable of supplying bleed air for anti-ice operation.
APU Fuel Supply

 DC power only the DC fuel pump provides fuel to the APU.
 AC power available with engines off, the fuel is provided by the AC fuel pump 2.
 Right engine running fuel is supplied by the ejector fuel pump from the right wing tank.
 Fuel normally supplied from the right fuel tank or left fuel tank through the crossfeed valve.
31
Overhead Panel
10. WINDSHIELD WIPER Panel
1 1
1. WINDSHIELD WIPER
 TIMER: Intermittent operation
 OFF: Windshield wiper stops in the stowed position
 LOW: Operates at a low speed
 HI: Operates at a high speed
WINDSHIELD WIPER
 Will not operate on a dry windshield. To reset a wiper stopped on a dry windshield move the wiper switch to
the ‘OFF’ position.
 Republic limitation: 250 knots
 If the windshield wiper fails unparked there is no speed limit.
32
Overhead Panel
11. EXTERNAL LIGHTS Panel
1 3
1. NAV SWITCH:
 ON: Nav lights on.
 OFF: Nav lights off.
2. STROBE SWITCH:
 ON: Strobe lights on.
 OFF: Strobe lights off.
3. RED BCN SWITCH:
 ON: Red beacon on.
 OFF: Red beacon off.
 2 beacons, 1 on top of the fuselage and 1 on the lower fuselage.
4. LOGO SWITCH:
 ON: Logo lights on.
 OFF: Logo lights off.
 Located on the horizontal stabilizer
33
Overhead Panel
EXTERNAL LIGHTS Panel
5 6
5. TAXI LIGHT SWITCHES:

 ON: Respective taxi light on.
 OFF: Respective taxi light off.
6. INSP SWITCH:
 ON: Wing inspection lights on.
 OFF: Wing inspection lights off.
 Mounted on either side of the fuselage forward of the wing. They illuminate the engine intakes and the wing
leading edges.
7. LANDING LIGHT SWITCHES:
 ON: Respective landing light on.
 OFF: Respective landing light off.
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Overhead Panel
12. HYDRAULIC Panel
1 1
2 2
1. ENG PUMP SHUTOFF BUTTON

 PUSH IN: Closes the hydraulic shutoff valve (SOV), isolating the respective engine driven pump (EDP) from
the associated hydraulic system.
 PUSH OUT: Normal position.
2. ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC PUMP SELECTOR KNOB
 OFF: Turns the respective pump off.
 AUTO: Back-up for the respective EDP.
o In flight: Activates in case of:
 EDP or engine fail, or
 Flaps selected > 0.
o On ground: Activates in case of flaps selected > 0, and
 TL set to takeoff thrust, or
 Groundspeed > 50 kts.
 AUTO (Elec pump 2 only): Single engine taxi logic
o Engine 1 running and parking brake released pump turns on.
 ON: Pump operates continuously, overriding system logic.
HYD SYS 1 and 2:

 Normal operating pressure 3000 psig
 Engine Driven Pump (EDP) is primary and the AC Electric hydraulic pump is backup.
 Engine Driven Pump (EDP) cannot be disabled. This could cause the engine to get hot if the ENG PUMP
SHUTOFF is pushed in and the engine is spinning.
 Items on hydraulic system 2 that are not on hydraulic system 1 are: Nosewheel steering and inboard brakes.
35
Overhead Panel

HYDRAULIC Panel
4 4
3. PTU (POWER TRANSFER UNIT) KNOB
 OFF: PTU is turned off.
 AUTO: Allows the PTU to operate automatically, according to hydraulic system logic.
 ON: Operates continuously, overriding system logic.
4. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 3 SELECTOR KNOBS
 OFF: Turn the respective electrical pump off.
 ON: Turns the respective electrical pump on. 3B overrides system logic.
 AUTO (3B): Turns 3B on automatically if AC Electric Pump 3A fails.
POWER TRANSFER UNIT (PTU)

 PTU assist the landing gear retraction or extension. No fluid transfer occurs.
 Hydraulic pump in hydraulic system 2 driven by a hydraulic motor installed in hydraulic system 1
 Uses HYD 1 power to provide HYD 2 pressure.
 Used in the event of an Engine 2 or EDP 2 failure.
 Does not work on the ground.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 3
 Supplies: (EAR) - Elevator, Ailerons, and Rudder (Back-up for the primary flight controls).
 3A pump is powered by the AC ESS BUS (Electrical emergency)
 Electrical Emergency
o Hydraulic 3 accumulator provides hydraulic power to the flight controls from RAT deployment until
ACMP 3A is powered.
 2 AC pumps. AC pump A is primary and has no automation. AC pump B is the back-up.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 3 independent systems.
 Hydraulic fluid cannot be transferred from one system to another.
 Primary and secondary flight controls, landing gear, brakes, nosewheel steering, thrust reversers, and
spoilers.
 A hydraulic warm-up must be accomplished first flight of the day at temperatures below -18°C.
 A hydraulic P-BIT test procedure must be performed during cold weather operations if the PBIT timer has
reached 25 hours or less after shutdown at the arrival gate.
36
Overhead Panel
13. PRESSURIZATION Panel
1 2
1. CABIN ALT SELECTOR KNOB

 DOWN (Momentary action): Closes the outflow valve manually.
 STOP: Normal position.
 UP (Momentary action): Opens the outflow valve manually.
 Manual actuation is only possible with the MODE SELECTOR KNOB set to MAN.
2. MODE SELECTOR KNOB
 MAN: Manual control of the outflow valve. No automatic cabin depressurization on the ground after
landing.
 AUTO: Automatic operation, changes between the different pressurization modes.
 LFE CTRL: Allows manual input of the landing field elevation, pressurization remains in auto mode. FMS
derived LFE is shown in green. Manually selected LFE will be displayed with a “M” in front of the altitude
readout and in cyan.
 NOTE: Flight plan must be closed to display LFE.
37
Overhead Panel

PRESSURIZATION Panel
3 4
3. DUMP BUTTON
 PUSH IN: CPCS system operates automatically.
 PUSH OUT: Returns the system to normal operation.
 Not available in Manual mode. If pushed in while in manual mode both recirculation fans and packs are
turned off.
 Used for emergency evacuation, smoke evacuation, or fast cabin depressurization
 Red raised border around the button so you can find it in low visibility conditions in the cockpit.
4. LFE SELECTOR KNOB
 DOWN (Momentary action): Decreases LFE in 100 ft increments.
 STOP: Normal position.
 UP (Momentary position): Increases the LFE in 100 ft increments.
 Only works when the MODE selector knob is in LFE CTRL.
38
Overhead Panel

PRESSURIZATION Panel
Pressurization System
 Consists of:
o Cabin outflow valve
o Static pressure port
o Negative pressure relief valve
o Positive pressure relief valve
o Cabin pressure controller
 CPCS gets cruise flight level and landing elevation from the FMS before takeoff or CPCS calculates using
ambient pressure.
39
Overhead Panel
14. WINDSHIELD HEATING / ICE PROTECTION Panel
1 1
2 2
1. WINDSHIELD HEATING (1) (2) BUTTON:

 PUSH IN: Activates the respective windshield heating system. Only operates if there are at least 2 AC
electrical sources.
o Single AC power source available: In flight only the left windshield heat is powered. If the left fails
the right windshield heats.
 PUSH OUT: Deactivates the respective windshield heating system.
2. ICE PROTECTION ENGINE (1) (2) BUTTON:
 PUSH IN: Automatic operation. Engine cowls are heated with high stage bleed from the respective engine.
o Engine bleed valve is fail safe open if either the electrical power is lost or pressure signal is not
present.
o Heat will not be applied to the engine cowl of a failed engine.
 PUSH OUT: Deactivates the respective engine anti-ice system.
40
Overhead Panel

WINDSHIELD HEATING / ICE PROTECTION Panel
4 5
3. WING ICE PROTECTION BUTTON

 PUSH IN: Automatic operation. Allows wing anti-ice protection to operate according to the ice protection
mode selector setting or MCDU setting.
o 3 outboard slats each wing are heated by bleed air. Each engine provides bleed air for the respective
wing. Slat inboard of the pylon is not heated.
o Abnormal operation: If 1 bleed air fails or one engine fails, xbleed valve automatically opens and
uses opposite bleed for both wings.
 PUSH OUT: Deactivates the wing anti-ice system.
4. ICE PROTECTION MODE SELECTOR KNOB
 AUTO: If an icing condition is detected during flight, the ice detectors command the wing and engine anti-ice
valves to open and remain activated for 2 minutes after the icing condition is no longer detected.
o For taxi out and takeoff, anti-icing operation must be set in the MCDU.
o For taxi in, mode selector knob must be selected to ON if icing is anticipated or encountered.
 ON:
o Inflight - Overrides system logic, activating the anti-ice system.
o Ground – Activates the anti-ice on the ground.
 Engine anti-ice whenever an engine is running.
 Wing anti-ice at wheel speed above 40 kts. if MCDU ALL or Liftoff if MCDU OFF.
5. ICE PROTECTION TEST SELECTOR KNOB
 OFF: Spring-loaded position. Normal position.
 Maintenance function.
 Wing anti-ice system tests itself during flight 10 min after takeoff or at 10,000 ft AGL, whichever occurs first.
o EICAS message A-I WING VLV OPEN will be displayed.
41
Overhead Panel

WINDSHIELD HEATING / ICE PROTECTION Panel
MCDU SETTING
 MCDU setting operates the anti-ice system and inhibits the ice detectors activation logic during takeoff until
1700 ft AGL or 2 min after liftoff, whichever occurs first.
 OFF: Anti-ice valves will be inhibited closed until 1700 ft AGL or 2 min after liftoff. Used when no icing
conditions present or anticipated.
 ENG: Not used at Republic Airline
 ALL: Engine anti-ice valves are commanded open after completion of engine start. Wing anti-ice valves are
commanded open with wheel speed above 40 kts. Used during taxi and takeoff when icing conditions exist
or are anticipated.
TO DATASET MODE SELECTOR ICE CONDITION ENGINE A-I WING A-I EICAS CAUTION
MENU KNOB ACTIVATION ACTIVATION MESSAGE
Not Detected - - -
AUTO Detected 1700 ft AGL or 2 1700 ft AGL or 2 -
min after liftoff min after liftoff
OFF Not Detected Engine running Liftoff ENG REF A-I
ON DISAG
Detected Engine running Liftoff ENG REF A-I
DISAG
Not Detected Engine running Wspeed >40 kts -
AUTO Detected Engine running Wspeed >40 kts -
ALL Not Detected Engine running Wspeed >40 kts -
ON
Detected Engine running Wspeed >40 kts -
ICE DETECTORS
 2 ice detectors.
 Dual ice detector failure, anti-ice operation is only possible in manual mode.
ICE DETECTION/PROTECTION
 Electric heat is used for: pitot-static system (ADSP and TAT probes), windshields, water lines (water drain
masts), and pressurization static port.
 ADSP probes, TAT probes, windshields, water lines, and the pressurization static port are heated whenever
an engine is running.
42
Overhead Panel

15. AIR COND / PNEUMATIC Panel
2 2
3 3
1. RECIRC BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Allows automatic operation by the AMS. Turns on both recirculation fans, according to system
logic.
 PUSH OUT: Turns off both recirculation fans.
2. PACK (1) (2) BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Allows automatic operation by the AMS. Opens the respective pack flow control valve.
 PUSH OUT: Manually closes the respective pack flow control valve.
 NOTE: During first engine start, Emergency Ram Air Valve Built-In Test (BIT) commands PACK 1 OFF.
3. BLEED (1) (2) BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Allows automatic operation by the AMS. Commands the respective engine bleed valves, according
to system logic.
 PUSH OUT: Manually closes the engine bleed valves.
 NOTE: When a leak is detected, the amber striped bar illuminates.
43
Overhead Panel

AIR COND / PNEUMATIC Panel
4 5
4. CKPT TEMPERATURE SELECTOR

 Controls cockpit temperature relative to the knob position
5. PAX CABIN TEMPERATURE SELECTOR
 Controls passenger cabin temperature relative to the knob position.
 ATTND position: Enables the flight attendant panel(s) to control the cabin temperature. An “ENABLED” led
turns on in the flight attendant panel(s) indicating they have control of the temperature.
 Note: New Delta aircraft will have the AFT flight attendant panel temperature knob enabled when the
cockpit knob is set to ATTND.
6. XBLEED BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Allows automatic operation by the AMS. This position opens the cross-bleed valve, according to
system logic.
 PUSH OUT: Manually closes the cross-bleed valve.
7. BLEED APU BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Allows automatic operation by the AMS. Commands the APU bleed valve, according to system
logic.
 PUSH OUT: Closes the APU bleed valve.
 NOTE: When a leak is detected, the amber striped bar illuminates.
44
Overhead Panel

Air Management System

 AMS provides: ECS (heating & cooling), engine start, pressurization, engine and wing anti-ice, water
pressure, and hot air leak detection.
 Air for the AMS is provided by: Engine bleeds, APU bleed, or external pneumatic source.
External Pneumatic Air

 Used for ECS on the ground and engine start on the ground.
 The external ground source panel is located in the lower fairing between the wings.
Engine Bleed Air

 2 bleed regulating valves (1 high stage bleed valve and 1 engine bleed valve).
 Bleed air is tapped from 6th and 10th stage compressors (EBV and HSV respectively).
 System alternates between valves to regulate an adequate and safe pressure.
 Single bleed source can power both packs through the crossbleed valve.
Overheat Detection System (ODS)

 Engine bleeds, packs (air conditioning ducts)
 APU bleed
 Plumbing for the wing and engine anti-icing system
 Trim air (rear cabin temperature control on certain Delta aircraft)
Packs
 2 independent packs (left and right)
 Each engine provides bleed air to its respective pack.
 If the packs are turned off during the takeoff roll they will be recovered after the takeoff phase.
 Packs distribution:
o Pack 1 – Cockpit/cabin
o Pack 2 – Cabin
 31,000 ft is the maximum altitude a single pack can provide adequate temperature control and
pressurization.
Cargo Compartments
 Forward has ventilation fans and an outflow valve.
 Live animals may be transported in the forward compartment.
Recirculation Bay
 Recirc fans are commanded OFF when smoke is detected in the recirculation bay.
45
Overhead Panel

Electronics Bays
 Forward and Mid E-Bays have 3 fans each that pull air from the cabin to the bay.
 Aft E-Bay uses natural air-flow from the cabin to the bay.
46
Overhead Panel

47
Overhead Panel
16. PASSENGER OXYGEN Panel
1 2
1. MASK DEPLOY SELECTOR KNOB

 OFF: Disables automatic deployment of passenger oxygen masks.
 AUTO: Automatically deployed when the cabin altitude is between 14,000 ft to 14,750 ft.
 OVRD: Deploys the passenger oxygen masks regardless of cabin altitude.
2. MASKS DEPLOYED LIGHT
 An ON light illuminates, indicating that the passenger and flight attendant oxygen masks have been
deployed.
Passenger Oxygen
 Individual chemical oxygen generators located in each passenger PSU, flight attendant stations, and galley
areas. Once started they cannot be shut off.
 Each PSU contains 2 or 3 masks that supply oxygen only for approximately 12 minutes.
 A Manual Release Tool (MRT) located near each flight attendant station can be used in case the dispensing
unit door fails.
 When the passenger masks doors are commanded open the FASTEN SEAT BELT and the NO SMOKING (NO
ELEC DEVICE optional) signs turn on regardless of the switch position.
48
Glareshield Panel

CHAPTER 3: GLARESHIELD PANEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS GLARESHIELD PANEL
1. GLARESHIELD LIGHTS/COMMUNICATION CONTROL PANEL 50

2. MASTER CAUTION / WARNING PUSHBUTTONS 51
3. DISPLAY CONTROLLER PANEL 52
4. AFCS GUIDANCE CONTROLS 54
5. SPEED MODE AND LATERAL GUIDANCE CONTROLS 55
6. VERTICAL GUIDANCE CONTROLS 56
49
Glareshield Panel

CHAPTER 3: GLARESHIELD PANEL
50
Glareshield Panel

1. GLARESHIELD LIGHTS / COMMUNICATION CONTROL PANEL
1
2
2
3 3
4 4
1. COMP/CLK LIGHT KNOB

 Regulates the brightness of the compass/clock lighting.
2. MFD, PFD and EICAS LIGHT KNOB
 Regulates the brightness of the respective MFD, PFD or EICAS.
3. FLOOD/STORM LIGHT KNOB
 Turns on/off and regulates the brightness of the flood/storm panel lighting.
4. CHART LIGHT KNOB
 Turns on/off and regulates the brightness of associated chart holder lighting.
1 1
1. PTT BUTTON
 Allows VHF transmission and voice communications to passengers.
51
Glareshield Panel

2. MASTER CAUTION / WARNING PUSHBUTTONS
1 2 2 1
1. MASTER WARNING PUSHBUTTON

 PUSH: Acknowledges the warning messages and extinguishes the associated blinking.
 A red light blinks inside the button when a new warning message is displayed on the EICAS.
2. MASTER CAUTION PUSHBUTTON
 PUSH: Acknowledges the caution messages and extinguishes the associated blinking.
 An amber light blinks inside the button when a new caution message is displayed on the EICAS.
52
Glareshield Panel

3. DISPLAY CONTROLLER PANEL (LEFT / RIGHT)
1 2 3
1. HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) BUTTON

 Selects between full compass, arc or map mode for the on-side PFD.
2. WEATHER RADAR (WX) BUTTON
 Displays WX Radar information on PFD (HSI in arc or map mode only).
3. FMS SELECTION/FMS SOURCES
 Selects FMS as the primary navigation source for the on-side PFD and toggles between FMS1 and FMS2.
4. MINIMUMS SELECTOR KNOB
 Outer Knob
o RA: Sets radio altimeter minimums. Used for ILS CAT II approaches.
o BARO: Sets barometric minimums. Used for ILS CAT I approaches.
 Inner Knob
o Selects decision height (DH), decision altitude or minimum descent altitude based on position of
RA/BARO selector knob.
5. VOR/LOC BUTTON (V/L)
 Selects VOR or LOC as the primary navigation source for the on side PFD and toggles between VOR/LOC1
and VOR/LOC2.
53
Glareshield Panel

DISPLAY CONTROLLER PANEL (LEFT / RIGHT)
8 7
6. PREVIEW BUTTON (PREV)

 Selects the preview mode when the FMS is the primary navigation source. The course and the
lateral/vertical deviation can be previewed.
o Pressing the first time: enables the on-side VOR/LOC preview.
o Pressing a second time: enables the opposite side VOR/LOC preview.
o Pressing a third time: disables the preview mode.
 The previewed navigation source will automatically transition as the primary navigation source when
capture on LOC mode.
7. FLIGHT PATH REFERENCE (FPR) BUTTON
 Commands the flight path reference line and the flight path digital readout.
8. BEARING SOURCES (BRG) BUTTONS
 CIRCLE (o): Allows VOR1, ADF1 or FMS1 selection for the on-side PFD display.
 DIAMOND (): Allows VOR2, ADF2 or FMS2 selection for the on-side PFD display.
9. BAROMETRIC SET KNOB
 Inner Knob
o Sets barometric altimeter correction.
o Pushing this control knob sets barometric correction to standard.
 Outer Knob
o IN: Sets barometric correction format to inches of mercury.
hPa: Sets barometric correction format to HectoPascals.
54
Glareshield Panel

4. AFCS GUIDANCE CONTROLS
1 2 3
5 4
1. FD BUTTON
 Turns ON and OFF the Flight Director presentation on PFD on the non-coupled side.
 If the AP is engaged it is not possible to turn off the FD presentation on the PFD being used as source for the
AP.
 If no modes are selected the FD displays once a lateral or vertical mode is selected.
 When GA, windshear, or approach modes are not engaged, pushing the FD button on the coupled PFD
disengages the FD active modes, removing the FD on both displays.
 When the GA or windshear FD modes are active, the FD buttons are inactive and the FD is displayed on both
PFDs.
 When only APPR1/APPR2 (category 1 or 2) is active, the FD buttons are inactive and the FD is displayed on
both PFDs.
2. AP BUTTON
 Engages or disengages the Autopilot.
3. A/T BUTTON
 Engages or disengages the Autothrottle.
4. YD BUTTON
 Engages or disengages the Yaw Damper/Turn Coordination function.
 May be deactivated if the autopilot is on, it is independent of the autopilot.
5. SRC BUTTON
 Alternates between the Captain or First Officer FMA modes as source for the autopilot. A green arrowhead
on the FMA indicates the respective source selected.
6. CRS BUTTON
 Manually sets the desired course on CDI as described below:
o CDI displaying FMS: sets preview course.
o CDI displaying V/L: sets CDI course.
 Pressing this knob indicates the course to the station.
55
Glareshield Panel

5. SPEED MODE CONTROLS AND LATERAL GUIDANCE CONTROLS
2 3
6
1 4
5
1. SPEED SELECTOR KNOB

 FMS: Selected airspeed readout is controlled by the FMS logic.
 MAN: Selected airspeed readout is controlled manually.
o Pressing this knob alternates the speed presentation on PFD selected airspeed readout window
between IAS and MACH.
2. NAV BUTTON
 According to the presentation selected for the CDI the NAV Button engages:
o LOC: If the CDI is selected V/L (Green) and the source ILS frequency is tuned.
o LNAV: If the CDI is selected FMS (Magenta).
 Pressing NAV with LOC or LNAV engaged reverts the lateral guidance to ROLL.
3. HDG BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the heading select mode.
4. HDG SELECTOR KNOB
 Manually selects the desired heading.
 Pressing this knob synchronizes the heading select to the current heading.
5. BANK BUTTON
 Enables and disables bank angle limit of 17° used by the Heading Mode.
6. APP BUTTON
 Arms, activates, or deactivates approach modes based on the navigation source displayed on the respective
PFD. For example, the following lateral and vertical mode annunciations are displayed on the FMA after the
APP button is pressed:
o LOC and GS for the ILS approach mode.
o LNAV and GP for the VGP approach mode.
 The Autopilot Approach Status Annunciator displays the engaged approach mode.
AUTOTUNE
 Available within 30 NM from the destination and total flight plan distance less than 70 NM.
56
Glareshield Panel

6. VERTICAL GUIDANCE CONTROLS
3 5
2 7
8
1
4 6
1. FLCH BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the Flight Level Change mode.
2. VNAV BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the VNAV mode (FMS vertical navigation).
3. ALT BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the altitude holding mode (ALT).
4. ALT SELECTOR KNOB
 Selects the desired altitude.
o Clockwise rotation: increases the altitude target.
o Counter clockwise rotation: decreases the altitude target.
o Pressing this knob displays on the PFD the following altitudes, in meters:
 The selected altitude, above the selected altitude readout window.
 The actual airplane altitude, above the altitude rolling digits readout window.
5. FPA BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the Flight Path Angle mode.
 Pilot selectable pitch attitude in degrees of climb or descent.
 FGCS adjusts thrust and pitch to maintain path angle and airspeed.
6. FPA SELECTOR KNOB
 Manually selects the desired Flight Path Angle.
7. VS BUTTON
 Selects and deselects the Vertical Speed mode.
8. VS THUMB WHEEL SELECTOR
 The thumb wheel selector manually selects the desired vertical speed rate.
o Rolling the wheel upward selects the desired rate of descent.
o Rolling the wheel downward selects the desired rate of climb.
57
Main Panel

CHAPTER 4: MAIN PANEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
1. REVERSIONARY PANEL 59
2. PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY 61
3. MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY 92
4. INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC STANDBY SYSTEM 113
5. AUTOBRAKE 115
6. GND PROX TERR INHIB AND EMERG/PRKG BRAKE PANEL 116
7. EICAS 117
8. CLOCK 129
9. LANDING GEAR LEVER AND DOWNLOCK RELEASE BUTTON 130
10. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER AND GND PROX G/S INHIB BUTTON 132
11. LG WRN INHIB BUTTON AND ADS PROBES HEATER BUTTON 133
58
Main Panel

MAIN PANEL
Landing
Gear
PFD Autobrake Clock PFD ADS Probes

s
Heater
IESS ELT
MFD EICAS MFD

Reversionary Reversionary
Panel GND PROX Panel
GND PROX
TERR INHIB & G/S INHIB &
EMERG/PRKG LG WRN
BRAKE INHIB
59
Main Panel

1. REVERSIONARY PANEL
1. DISPLAY SELECTOR KNOB

 PFD: Displays PFD information in the associated MFD.
 AUTO: Automatically reverts the MFD in case of display failure.
o
 MFD: Displays MFD information in the associated MFD.

 EICAS: Displays EICAS information in the associated MFD.
REVERSION LOGIC
 Displays DU 2 and DU 4 (MFDs) can be reverted.
 Displays DU 1 and DU 5 (PFDs) and DU 3 (EICAS) cannot be reverted.
60
Main Panel

REVERSIONARY PANEL
2. ADS SENSOR BUTTON (Momentary action)

 Reverts the ADS source.
o
 When the ADS source reversion is selected, a white striped bar illuminates on the button.
 NOTE: Associated ADS source flag is displayed on the PFD after a reversion takes place.
3. IRS SENSOR BUTTON
 Reverts the IRS source.
 When IRS source reversion is selected, a white striped bar illuminates on the button.
 NOTE: Associated IRS source flag is displayed on the PFD after a reversion takes place.
AIR DATA SYSTEM

 Comprised of: 4 Air Data Smart Probes (ADSPs), and 2 Total Air Temperature (TAT) probes.
 ADS 1 – Captain, ADS 2 – First Officer, ADS 3 – Standby for Captain or First Officer, ADS 4- IESS, ADS 5 – Flight
controls.
IRS
 Captain uses IRS 1 and First Officer uses IRS 2.
 IESS is the primary instrument if both IRS’ fail.
RVSM
 RVSM critical area is defined by yellow boxes around the ADSPs.
 No paint chips, dents, or damage allowed in this area.
61
Main Panel

2. PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)
62
Main Panel

PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY
2
3
4
1. SELECTED AIRSPEED READOUT

 Displays speed/mach values.
 MAGENTA: Automatically set by the FMS.
 CYAN: Manually entered by the flight crew.
2. V2 SPEED (2)
 Takeoff safety speed
3. VR SPEED (R)
 Takeoff rotation speed
4. V1 SPEED (1)
 Takeoff decision speed
AIRSPEED TRANSITION
 Airspeed transitions automatically between IAS and Mach and vice versa at approximately 29,000 ft.
63
Main Panel

1. VSPEED Bugs
 Preview mode displays in the lower portion of the airspeed tape. VSPEEDS are entered in the MCDU. When no
valid VSPEED data is available and the aircraft is on the ground cyan dashes (---) are displayed.
1. AIRSPEED ROLLING DIGITS

 GREEN: Normal range.
 AMBER: Airspeed trend vector (when displayed) is reaching the VMO/MMO or it is at amber low speed
awareness tape or the actual airspeed is at amber low speed awareness tape.
 RED INVERSE VIDEO: Airspeed trend vector (when displayed) or actual airspeed is at red low speed
awareness tape or at VMO/MMO barber pole.
 The airspeed trend vector when displayed has the priority over actual airspeed to define the airspeed rolling
digits color.
2. LOW SPEED AWARENESS (LSA) TAPE
 Indicates the margin to the stick shaker speed. It rises from the bottom of the speed tape and has two
colored ranges.
 Red LSA – stick shaker is activated.
64
Main Panel

1
4
1. SELECTED MACH READOUT

 Displays speed/mach values.
 MAGENTA: Automatically set by the FMS.
 CYAN: Manually entered by the flight crew.
2. SELECTED AIRSPEED BUG
 Magenta: Displayed at the FMS airspeed target when an FMS mode is valid.
 Cyan: Displayed at the Manual mode airspeed target.
3. MACH AIRSPEED DIGITAL DISPLAY
 Mach digital display of the current airspeed is displayed followed by an ‘M’ label.
4. VMO/MMO BARBER POLE
 Displayed when the VMO/MMO is within the viewable range, and covers speeds at or above VMO/MMO.
65
Main Panel

2
1
5
3
1. VAC SPEED (AC)

 Approach climb speed
2. VF SPEED (F)
 Flap retraction speed
3. VAP SPEED (AP)
 Approach speed
4. VRF SPEED (RF)
 Reference speed
5. GREEN DOT ()
 Provides a margin of 1.3g over stick shaker speed.
 Drift-down speed.
 Does account for ice, however it is invalid above FL200 with the ice EICAS message displayed.
6. VFS SPEED (FS)
 Takeoff final segment speed
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Main Panel

PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)
1. AUTOTHROTTLE ANNUNCIATIONS ON FMA

 LEFT COLUMN
o The AT mode annunciations displayed on the Flight Mode Annunciation display (FMA) are the
following:
o Top row indicates autothrottle engagement mode, bottom row indicates autothrottle armed mode.
 RIGHT COLUMN
o Depicts whether the Autothrottle is engaged or disengaged.
 AUTO THROTTLE (AT) Mode Field Annunciators

Annunciator Status Mode Description
TO Armed AT Take-off Mode Armed
TO Active AT Take-off Mode Active
HOLD Active AT Hold Active
SPDT Armed AT Speed Throttle Mode
SPDT Active AT Speed Throttle Mode
SPDE Active AT Speed Elevator Mode
RETD Armed AT Retard Mode
RETD Active AT Retard Mode
GA Active AT Go-Around Mode
LIM Active AT Limit Mode
AT Engaged AT is Engaged
AT has been normally disengaged
AT Disengaged
(Flashes in Green Reverse Video)
AT has been abnormally disengaged
AT Disengaged
(Flashes in Green Reverse Video)
OVRD Active AT Override is Active
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Main Panel

1 2
1. AUTOPILOT ENGAGE (AP/TCS) ANNUNCIATOR
 AUTO PILOT (AP) Mode Field Annunciators

AP Engaged AP is Engaged
AP has been normally/abnormally disengaged
AP Disengaged
(Flashes in Red Reverse Video)
TCS Active Touch Control Steering is Active
NOTE: The autopilot engage/TCS status annunciators are
removed during an excessive attitude declutter condition.
2. AUTOPILOT/AUTOTHROTTLE SOURCE SELECTION
 PFD source that currently supplies the references (primary NAV source and selected airspeed reference) for
FGCS autothrottle or flight director operation.
 Controlled by the SRC button on the GP.
3. APPROACH STATUS INDICATION
 Approach armed status shows to the left side of the source selector in white.
 Approach engaged status is shown to the right of the source selector in green.
 APPR1 – CAT I capable
 APPR2 – CAT II capable
AUTOPILOT
 Autopilot disengagement:
o Either AP/TRIM DISC button is pushed (normal method).
o AP button on the GP is pushed.
o Any manual pitch trim is activated.
o Stick shaker activated.
o Windshear escape guidance is activated.
o A pilot input contrary to the autopilot is made on the controls.
 Autopilot will remain engaged in the event of an engine failure.
 Default Modes for the autopilot are: ROLL and FPA.
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Main Panel

1. LATERAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES
 LATERAL and VERTICAL Mode Field Annunciators

Armed Lateral Mode
LOC ARMED Localizer Mode
BC ARMED Back Course Mode
LNAV ARMED Long-Range NAV Mode
TRACK ARMED Track Mode
BC ARMED Back Course Mode
LNAV ARMED Long-Range NAV Mode
Active Lateral Mode
TRACK ACTIVE Take Off or Go-Around Mode
Roll Hold Mode
ROLL ACTIVE
(roll hold, wings level, and heading hold)
LOC ACTIVE Localizer Mode
BC ACTIVE Back Course Mode
LNAV ACTIVE Long-Range NAV Mode
HDG ACTIVE Heading Hold Mode
FMA AND PFD SOURCE MODES

 Green – Non-FMS information.
 Magenta – FMS information.
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Main Panel

1. VERTICAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES

 Armed Vertical Mode
GP ARMED Glidepath Mode
GS ARMED Glideslope Mode and ASEL Armed Vertical Mode
VNAV ARMED Vertical NAV Mode
Active Vertical Mode
ALT ACTIVE Altitude Hold Mode
FLCH ACTIVE Flight Level Change Mode
GA ACTIVE Go-Around Mode
TO ACTIVE Takeoff Mode
FPA ACTIVE Fligth Path Angle Mode
ASEL ACTIVE Altitude Select Mode
GS ACTIVE Glideslope Mode
VS ACTIVE Vertical Speed Mode
WSHR ACTIVE Windshear Mode
FLCH ACTIVE Vertical Flight Level Change (from FMS)
ASEL ACTIVE Altitude Preselect and Vertical Altitude Preselect (from FMS)
ALT ACTIVE FMS Controlled Altitude Hold Mode
PTH ACTIVE Path Mode and Vertical Path (from FMS)
Glidepath Mode and Vertical Glidepath
GP CAPTURED
(from FMS)
OVSP ACTIVE Overspeed Protection is Active
Default Modes
1. Roll Hold (ROLL) is the default lateral mode (roll hold, wings level, and heading hold).
2. When the autopilot is engaged without any modes being selected, ROLL is automatically
engaged.
3. When a vertical mode is selected without a lateral mode, the default ROLL mode is
actived. The mode is displayed above the attitude indicator on the PFD.
4. Flight Path Angle (FPA) mode is the default vertical mode.
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Main Panel

2
1
1. SELECTED ALTITUDE DIGITAL READOUT

 Displays altitude rounded to 100 feet.
 Displays cyan dashes (-----) on ground power-up.
 Altitude alerter sounds when the aircraft is within 1,000 feet of selected altitude.
 After altitude capture, when the aircraft departs more than 200 feet from the selected altitude, altitude
alerter sounds.
2. METRIC SELECTED ALTITUDE READOUT
 Alternately displayed or removed by the PUSH FT-M switch that is integral to the ALT knob.
 An M indicates meters with a resolution of 50 meters.
3. ALTITUDE ROLLING DIGITS DISPLAY
 Actual altitude rolled to a resolution of 1 foot, but labeled every 20 feet.
 For negative altitudes a (-) is displayed in the place of the thousands digit.
 The ten-thousands, thousands, and hundreds digits are taller.
 Altitudes above 0 but less than 10,000 feet have a green/black hashed box symbol that replaces the ten-
thousands digit.
4. METRIC ALTITUDE DISPLAY
 Alternately displayed or removed from display by the PUSH FT-M switch that is integral to the ALT knob.
 Current altitude in meters is displayed to a resolution of 5 meters. An M indicates meters
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Main Panel

1. SELECTED ALTITUDE BUG

 Corresponds to the altitude value set in the altitude alert select digital display.
 When the selected altitude is off the displayed range, half of the bug remains on the top or bottom of the
scale to indicate the direction to the selected altitude.
2. ALTITUDE TREND VECTOR
 White thermometer starting at the altitude reference line and extends to the altitude the aircraft is at in 6
seconds, based on current vertical speed.
3. BAROMETRIC ALTITUDE TAPE
 Moving scale.
 White tick marks are at 100-foot increments, except the white chevrons are at the 500-foot increments.
Double chevrons are displayed at the 1,000-foot increments.
 When barometric altitude status or BARO correction data is invalid, altitude data is removed and a X is
placed over the entire altitude tape area.
4 4
4. BARO (BAROMETRIC) ALTIMETER SETTING

 Value is adjusted with BARO SET knob on the guidance panel.
 When the PUSH STD button on the BARO SET knob is pushed the altimeter setting window changes to STD
and the correction is set to 29.92 in Hg or 1013 hPa.
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Main Panel

1. SELECTED VERTICAL SPEED READOUT and BUG

 Displayed when VS is the active vertical flight director mode.
 Vertical speed is manually entered by using the VS wheel when the FGCS is in VS mode.
 Cyan filled bug is displayed on the vertical speed scale and is positioned at the selected vertical speed
readout value.
 Cyan arrows above or below the display indicate the aircraft must climb or descend to attain the target
vertical speed.
2. VERTICAL SPEED SCALE
 Fixed scale with moving green pointer.
 Green pointer indicates the vertical speed on the scale.
 When pressure altitude data is invalid, display shows X
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Main Panel

1. VERTICAL SPEED DIGITAL READOUT

 Displays digital vertical speed.
 If TCAS RA is active, vertical speed readout is removed.
 At vertical speeds greater than ± 9,900 FPM, when the pressure altitude data received is invalid or when the
altitude rate data is invalid the readout displays
----
1
2
1. AVOIDANCE ZONE
 Red Trapezoid.
2. FLY-TO-ZONE
 Green rectangle.
TCAS
 Commands provide pitch guidance information to recommend or prohibit a maneuver.
 Vertical speed scale displays TCAS resolution advisories.
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Main Panel
1. RADIO ALTITUDE READOUT

 Only displayed when radio altitude is valid and less than 2,500 feet.
 RALT 1 is displayed on PFD 1, and RALT 2 is displayed on PFD 2.
 When one radio altimeter is invalid, the system automatically selects the other radio altimeter. Both displays
turn amber and a CAS message is posted for the non-valid radio altitude system.
 When a miscompare occurs between system 1 and 2, an RA source data miscompare annunciator RA
is displayed above the didgital readout box
 When the radio altitude is invalid in both RA systems, the radio altitude readout is removed and -RA-
is displayed. Corresponding CAS message is posted indicating both radio altitude systems have
failed.
2. SELECTED MINIMUM RA/BARO ALTITUDE READOUT AND BUG
 Set using the MINIMUMS rotary knob when BARO is selected on the MINIMUMS RA/BARO select switch.
 If additional counterclockwise clicks occur after the display reads 0 it will display OFF
o After 5 seconds display is removed from view.
 B Selected BARO altitude bug (with a horizontal L that sticks out from the left edge of the altitude tape).
 When barometric altitude is equal to or less than the approach minimums set value the bug and MIN
annunciator turn amber. B MIN
 BARO minimum bug has priority over the trend vector.
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Main Panel

1. FLIGHT DIRECTOR GUIDANCE CUE IN TAKEOFF MODE

 Magenta vertical and horizontal bar
 Displayed when the TO flight director mode is active.
TAKEOFF GUIDANCE CROSSBARS

 Maintains extended runway centerline.
 Maintains pitch attitude based on appropriate configuration.
2. MARKER BEACONS
 Located in the upper right corner.
Annunciator Marker Color

O Outer Cyan
M Middle Yellow
I Inner White
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Main Panel

3
1
1. FLIGHT PATH VECTOR (FPV)

 Consists of a green aircraft symbol that indicates the current flight path angle in reference to the horizon
line.
 FPV turns red when TCAS RA is active and the FPV is in the Avoidance Zone.
 FPV is removed when excessive pitch is exceeded.
2. FLIGHT PATH VECTOR SPEED ERROR TAPE
 Green tape that rises or descends from the left wing of the FPA symbol.
 Represents the difference between the selected airspeed and the current airspeed.
 Down indicates current airspeed is less than the selected airspeed, and up indicates more.
3. FLIGHT PATH VECTOR ACCELERATION POINTER
 Displayed when FD is selected and gives an analog indication of acceleration and deceleration rate along the
flight path.
 Moves up for increasing values of flight path acceleration and moves down for decreasing values of flight
path acceleration.
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Main Panel

1. ATTITUDE REFERENCE AIRCRAFT SYMBOL

 Aircraft symbol is centered and always points to the top of the display. The background rotates around it.
 Displayed at all times and is used with the pitch tape to reflect aircraft pitch and roll attitude in relation to
the horizon line.
2. HORIZON LINE
 Based on the current aircraft pitch and roll attitude.
 When the horizon line and the attitude reference aircraft symbol are overlaid, the aircraft is in a level pitch
attitude.
1. FLIGHT DIRECTOR GUIDANCE CUE

 Displayed as a magenta diamond with short wings.
 Fits within the flight path vector symbol.
 If pitch or roll command data is invalid, the flight director guidance cue is removed.
FLIGHT DIRECTOR
 Automatically displays:
o TOGA button actuation.
o Autopilot is activated.
o Windshear detection.
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Main Panel

1 1 1
1. PITCH LIMIT INDICATOR (PLI)

 Pitch-based indication between stick shaker angle of attack and airplanes angle of attack.
 PLI is displayed as Green, Amber, or Red.
 Red PLI - stick shaker is activated.
WINDSHEAR
 Activated between 10 ft and 1,500 ft radio altitude.
 “WSHEAR” label displays on the PFD
 Windshear Caution:
o Increasing headwind and up drafts. Amber flag and aural alert “CAUTION, WINDSHEAR”.
 Windshear Warning: Decreasing headwind (or increasing tailwind) and down drafts. Red flag and aural alert
“WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR”.
 Autopilot automatically disconnects when windshear guidance is activated.
 Windshear alerting will last until 1,500 ft AGL or clear of windshear.
 Windshear alerting system will not function if both radar altimeters and / or EGPWS is inoperative.
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Main Panel

2
1
1. ROLL SCALE
 Tick marks are located every 10° up to 30°.
 Inverted triangles are displayed at 0° and 45° of roll.
2. ROLL POINTER AND SLIP/SKID INDICATION
 The triangle is the roll pointer.
 Bottom half of the roll pointer is used as a slip/skid indicator.
o Lower portion of the triangle moves left or right to show the slip or skid condition.
o When the slip/skid function fails, X is displayed inside the slip/skid portion of the triangle.
3. LOW BANK LIMIT ARC

 Helps the pilot to fly with low bank angles during turns.
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Main Panel

1. FLIGHT PATH ANGLE (FPA)

 Indicates the current flight path in reference to the horizon line.
 Cyan color.
2. VNAV ALTITUDE WAYPOINT CONSTRAINT READOUT

 Displays an active waypoint constraint altitude automatically honored by the FMS prior to arrival at the
preselected altitude.
Constrain Type and Phase of Flight Display Method

AT XXXXX over-scored and under-scored
AT or ABOVE XXXXX under-scored
AT or BELOW XXXXX over-scored
3. VNAV TARGET ALTITUDE BUG

 Displayed when a VNAV target altitude is valid and the FMS is the primary NAV source.
VERTICAL TRACK ALERT (VTA)

 Is issued 60 seconds before the FMS commands a climb or descent, or 1,000 ft before the level off altitude.
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Main Panel

1
2
1. ADI LATERAL DEVIATION

 Magenta diamond for FMS deviation. Green trapezoid pointer used for LOC.
 When both are displayed during PREV mode the FMS pointer overwrites the LOC pointer when both are at
the same point. In PREV mode the trapezoid is displayed in cyan.
 When a valid deviation is not available, a X is depicted.
2. EXPANDED LATERAL DEVIATION
 Replaces the ADI scale for CAT II operations.
 Higher lateral deviation sensitivity.
3 3
3. VERTICAL DEVIATION SCALE AND POINTER

 Pointer is controlled by the selected primary navigation source (PNS).
 Vertical deviation scale is displayed when:
o Localizer (LOC) is selected as the PNS.
o FMS is selected as the PNS, and the FMS commands the VNAV vertical scale in view.
 ILS LOC deviation pointer is a green trapezoid. VNAV FMS is a magenta hollow diamond.
 When glideslope data is invalid or when the vertical deviation scale is commanded into view by the FMS and
a valid deviation is not available a X is depicted.
 Preview vertical deviation is displayed when LOC is the PREV source.
 LOC and FMS deviation are displayed the same way as the lateral deviation.
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Main Panel

PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)
1 2 3
HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) DISPLAYS AND ANNUNCIATORS

 Heading display on the HSI has 3 selectable modes: Full compass, Arc, and Map mode.
 Modes are selected by pushing the HSI button.
1. FULL COMPASS MODE

 Displayed on initialization.
 360-degree compass view.
 Present heading is indicated by a fixed lubber line V at the top of the heading scale with a digital
heading readout directly above the lubber line.
2. ARC MODE
 90 degrees of compass view.
 Weather is displayed when the WX button is pushed.
 When the heading bug goes beyond the display range  is displayed and shows the shortest direction
to the heading select bug.
3. MAP MODE
 90 degrees of compass view.
 Weather is displayed when the WX button is pushed.
 Flight plans are displayed.
 Cannot be used for preview mode.
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Main Panel

1. SELECTED HEADING DIGITAL READOUT AND BUG

 Displays the digital value for the aircraft selected heading.
 Cyan heading select bug is positioned by rotating the HDG SEL knob.
 Pushing the PUSH SYNC button on the HDG SEL knob synchronizes the heading bug and readout to the
current aircraft heading.
 When the aircraft selected heading (or the referenced aircraft heading) is invalid, the bug is removed and
digital readout is replaced with - - - -
2. DRIFT ANGLE BUG

 Represented by an inverted solid white triangle displayed on the outside edge of the heading scale.
 The difference between the aircraft heading and the aircraft ground track is the drift angle.
 The drift angle bug is placed on the edge of the heading scale and aligned to the drift angle with respect to
the lubber line.
 When the drift angle is 0°, the drift bug fits inside the heading bracket notch.
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Main Panel

1
2
3
4
1. PRIMARY NAV SOURCE ANNUNCIATOR
 Selected using the V/L or FMS buttons.
 The V/L (VOR/LOC) button selects the available SRN (short-range navigation) source, displayed in green.
o The associated annunciators are VOR 1 VOR 2 LOC 1 LOC 2
 The FMS button selects FMS as the source, displayed in magenta.
o With dual FMS systems installed the identifier will show FMS1 or FMS2
 When both sides have the same NAV source selected, digital readout for all information turns amber.
2. PRIMARY NAV DISTANCE IDENTIFIER
 Displays the NAV source station identifier.
 The next magenta TO waypoint identifier is displayed.
3. PRIMARY NAV DISTANCE READOUT
 Distances of 100 NM or more, the digits are displayed with 1 NM resolution.
 Distances of less than 100 NM, the digits are displayed with 0.1 NM resolution.
4. PRIMARY NAV ESTIMATED TIME ENROUTE
 Time is always displayed in minutes.
5. HEADING SOURCE ANNUNCIATORS

 Selected by the IRS reversion buttons.
 Not displayed when the on-side IRS source and magnetic heading are selected.
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Main Panel

1. COURSE SELECT/DESIRED TRACK POINTER AND READOUT

 Green for VOR and LOC navigation and the label is CRS
o When VOR or LOC is selected, the track pointer is positioned by turning the CRS knob.
o When the PUSH DIR button in the center of the CRS knob is pushed, the course select value is set to
the course that minimizes the lateral deviation.
 Magenta for FMS navigation and the label is DTK
o Value of the desired track is supplied by the FMS.
 Course deviation bar moves laterally and shows lateral deviation.
 If both sides have the same navigation source selected the pointer, deviation bar, and digital readout turn
amber.
2. TO/FROM INDICATOR
 Magenta for FMS, Green for VOR or LOC. Turns amber if both sides are selected to the same source.
 Pointer indicates the aircraft is flying to or away from the selected navigation source.
 For a TO indication the triangle is located above the nose of the aircraft symbol.
 The FROM indication is a triangle pointer on the tail of the aircraft symbol.
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Main Panel

1. COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI) AND LATERAL DEVIATION SCALE

 Only displayed when a navigation source is active.
 Deviation bar moves left or right to show the deviation from the selected NAV source.
 When the back course mode is selected, or when tuned to a localizer frequency and the selected course is
more than 100 degrees from the aircraft heading, the course deviation automatically reverses to properly
sense deviation with respect to the course centerline.
 When lateral deviation data is invalid, the CDI is removed and X is displayed in the CDI scale area.
2 2
2. BEARING POINTERS
 Source is either VOR, ADF, or FMS.
 Source is selected using the BRG or BRG buttons on the guidance panel.
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Main Panel

1. GROUNDSPEED
 Displayed in the upper left corner of the HSI just below the airspeed tape.
 When the IRS is invalid the digits are replaced with - - - -
2
3
2. DME SOURCE ANNUNCIATOR

 DME source is selected by pushing the V/L button.
 DME source annunciation reflects the short-range navigation source selection.
o VOR1/LOC1 displays DME1 VOR2/LOC2 displays DME2
 When the primary NAV source is FMS, the last selected VOR/LOC is used for the DME distance display.
 When the same source is used, the DME data is displayed in amber.
3. DME STATION IDENTIFIER, DISTANCE, AND TTG READOUT
 DME source station identifier is displayed directly below the DME source annunciator.
 Distance to go to the waypoint identified by the DME station identifier is shown in nautical miles.
 TTG to the waypoint identified by the DME station identifier is shown in minutes.
 When DME is in DME hold mode an amber H is displayed in front of the distance readout. H
4 5
4. WIND DISPLAY, CARTESIAN

 Indicates the magnitude and direction of the wind as X and Y components.
5. WIND DISPLAY, POLAR
 Digital readout for wind speed and an arrow vector for direction.
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Main Panel

1. ELAPSED TIMER
 Located in the top right corner of the HSI.
 Displays time in hours and minutes (HH:MM) or minutes and seconds (MM:SS).
 Controlled by the CHRONO button on the control yoke.
 1st push – displays readout with the readout counting up from 00:00. Next push pauses the readout. Next
push resets the readout back to 00:00 and pauses. Next push restarts the count.
 Display is removed after 30 seconds and display in pause or reset.
2
2. FMS MODE ANNUNCIATORS
 Displays the active and applicable FMS mode annunciators.
 Located to the right of the HSI compass below the DME distance display.
 RNP is displayed when FMS is the primary navigation source.
 RNP values are determined in the priority order as follows:
o Manual entry by pilot.
o Default based on Phase of Flight:
 Approach 0.3
 Terminal 1.00
 En route 2.00
 Oceanic/Remote 2.00
 Annunciator FMS Mode

APPR Approach Sensitivity
TERM Terminal Approach
WPT Waypoint Alert
OFFSET Lateral Offset
MSG (flashing) MCDU Message
DR Dead Reckoning
DGRAD Degrade
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Main Panel
1 1
1. PFD RADIO CURSOR BOX

 When the PFD is selected using the CCD, a cyan box is placed around the last selected radio
frequency. The font size of the frequency digits and the radio source identifier become larger.
 Defaults to the original gray outline and the font decreases in size when frequency tuning has been
completed and remains inactive for a specified amount of time.
 Using the CCD touch pad allows you to switch between the COM and NAV boxes.
 MCDU menu page can change COM1 to COM2 and NAV1 to NAV2 and vice versa.
2
3
2. EXCHANGE PROMPT
 Indicates the green active frequency data is exchanged with the white standby frequency when the CCD
ENTER button is pushed.
3. ADJUST PROMPT
 Indicates the frequency is changed using the CCD rotary knobs.
4 5
4. COM FREQUENCY AND IDENTIFIER DISPLAY

 White COM source identifier annunciator.
 Green COM active frequency active frequency.
 White COM standby frequency
5. NAV FREQUENCY AND IDENTIFIER DISPLAY
 White NAV source identifier annunciator
 Green active frequency when manually tuned or magenta when auto tuned.
 White NAV standby frequency.
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Main Panel

2
1. FLIGHT PLAN DISPLAYS
 Map data is oriented to the current aircraft heading (up).
 FMS flight plan is displayed when:
o HSI MAP mode has been selected.
 Current leg and next waypoint (the TO waypoint) are displayed in magenta. All other legs are and waypoints
are white.
2. LATERAL DEVIATION DISPLAY
 Lateral deviation is displayed below the aircraft symbol at the bottom of the display.
 Consists of a digital readout and either L or R in the color of the primary navigation source,
indicating deviation to the left or right.
Arc Mode Map Mode
3 3
4
5
3. WEATHER DISPLAY
 Weather is displayed when the WX button on the PFD display controller is pushed.
 Each PFD displays independently selected weather information.
4. WEATHER RADAR SECTOR
 Display sector is indicated by tick marks on the half range ring positioned at ±60.
 In sector scan mode (SECT is selected), tick marks are located at ±30.
5. WEATHER RADAR ANNUNCIATORS
 Displayed to the left of the NAV radio box in the lower right area below the HSI.
 Displays the specific weather mode.
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Main Panel

2
1
PREVIEW MODE
 When FMS is the primary navigation source and preview is selected, course, lateral deviation and vertical
deviation are displayed.
 The previewed navigation source automatically transitions to the primary navigation source when captured
by the flight director (FD)/automatic flight control system (AFCS), FMS data is removed.
 Only available in full compass or arc mode.
1. PREVIEW NAVIGATION SOURCE
 Preview NAV source is annunciated in cyan to the right of the primary NAV source.
 Available annunciations are: VOR1 VOR2 LOC1 LOC2
2. PREVIEW COURSE POINTER, DEVIATION BAR, and DIGITAL READOUT
 Cyan course arrow and deviation bar displayed at the same time as the primary NAV source DTK pointer and
deviation bar.
 Changed by turning the on-side CRS select knob when PREV is displayed.
 TO/FROM pointer is a smaller cyan arrowhead that is displayed at the top (TO) or bottom (FROM) of the
deviation bar.
 With PREV displayed and no station information is present the To/FROM pointer is removed.
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Main Panel

3. MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY
MAP
1 1
4
2
5
3
1 1
1. TITLE MENU BUTTONS (HOT KEYS)
 Each have menus to control and show the associated MFD display pages.
 Controlled using the Cursor Control Device (CCD)
2. PRIMARY NAV SOURCE, TO WAYPOINT IDENTIFIER, DISTANCE, and TIME DISPLAY
 Displays the primary NAV source on the top row, TO waypoint next row down, Distance readout below and
the bottom line contains the time-to-go readout.
3. WIND DISPLAY, POLAR OR CARTESIAN
 Polar wind display shows a single vector, Cartesian displays two vector arrows.
4. FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY
 Displays Static Air Temperature (SAT), Total Air Temperature (TAT), and True Airspeed (TAS).
 Use SAT when ATC asks for OAT.
 Performance manuals are predicated upon SAT.
5. DME DISPLAY
 Displays DME source, Station Identifier on the middle row, and distance readout on the bottom row.
 If DME Hold is active an amber H is displayed to the left of the distance readout.
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Main Panel

MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY
MAP
1
3 5
6
2
4
7
10 8 9 7
1. PROGRESS DISPLAY
 Displays waypoint name, destination, distance-to-go, ETA/ETE, and fuel remaining based on calculations
received from the FMS.
2. VERTICAL SCALE TAPE
 Used as an altitude reference for the pilot.
3. FMS SOURCE INDICATOR
 Displays the primary navigation source.
4. SELECTED ALTITUDE INDICATOR
 Shows the selected altitude set by the altitude select knob.
5. HALF- AND FULL-RANGE INDICATORS
 Vertical scaling ranges are selected based on the horizontal half-range currently shown.
 When range is controllable it is displayed in cyan. When the range is not controllable it is displayed in white.
6. AIRCRAFT TRAJECTORY LINE
 Shows the vector trend of the aircraft in the vertical axis based on the current flight path angle.
7. WAYPOINT DISPLAYS
 Contains a waypoint symbol, waypoint identifier, waypoint altitude, and when required a hold annunciator.
8. VERTICAL TRACK LINES
 Connect continuous waypoints in the flight plan.
9. ALTITUDE PROFILE POINTS
 Shows the relative location of specific altitude transition points on the vertical flight plan (i.e. TOC, TOD).
10. AIRCRAFT SYMBOL
 Gives a horizontal and vertical reference point for downpath waypoints.
94
Main Panel

MAP
EPGWS ON THE MFD

 Only displayed in the Map format.
 Selected by checking the terrain button on the Map dropdown menu.
 Solid Red: Warning Terrain (Approximately 30 seconds from impact).
 Solid Yellow: Caution Terrain (Approximately 60 seconds from impact).

95
Main Panel

PLAN
MAP AND PLAN DIFFERENCES CHART

Function Map Mode Plan Mode
Display orientation Heading, Up North-Up
View Looking at Map from Looking at Map relative to North-Up
nose of aircraft
Nonmoving reference at center Next waypoint or aircraft symbol
of display
Heading indication Compass Aircraft symbols nose (no compass
displayed)
What moves (on display) The Map Aircraft ref. = waypoint
Map ref. = aircraft
Range measured from: Aircraft symbol Selected reference
TCAS overlay YES NO
Weather overlay (Radar) YES NO
EGPWS overlay YES NO
96
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/STATUS PAGE
1
4 2
3
1. FLIGHT
 Displays the airplane flight abbreviation, number and time.
2. STATIC AIR TEMPERATURE (SAT)
 Displays static air temperature
 Not valid below 60 knots.
 Use SAT when ATC asks for OAT.
 Performance manuals are predicated upon SAT.
3. GROSS WEIGHT
 Displays airplane gross weight – information obtained from FMS.
4. TOTAL AIR TEMPERATURE (TAT)
 Displays total air temperature
 Not valid below 60 knots.
97
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/STATUS PAGE
1. BATTERIES VOLTAGE INDICATION

 Displays Batteries 1 and 2 voltage.
 Minimum normal battery voltage is 22 volts.
 If battery is below 22 volts and above 21 volts it must be charged using the table in the SOP.
2. OIL LEVEL INDICATION

 Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range.
 The limit indication of the amber line changes according to the engine status (running/shutdown).
3. COCKPIT OXYGEN PRESSURE INDICATION

 A difference in pressure indication between the MFD STATUS page and the oxygen pressure gauge outside
the aircraft may be observed. MFD corrects for temperature, when using the outside panel you must follow
the temperature correction chart on the panel door.
 Green – minimum for 3 crew, Cyan – minimum for 2 crew, Amber – No dispatch.
 System has been over pressurized if the greenish blowout disc located by the forward right side of the
fuselage to the right of the cargo door is missing.
 Cockpit crew uses a high-pressure oxygen cylinder.
98
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/STATUS PAGE
1. EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKE ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE INDICATION

 Digital pressure
o Green – normal operating range, Amber – emergency/parking brake effectiveness is degraded.
 Pressure Scale/Pointer
o Amber scale – emergency/parking brake effectiveness is degraded.
o Pointer – Green – normal operating range, Amber – emergency/parking brakes effectiveness is
degraded.
2. BRAKE TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Digital Temperature
o Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range (no takeoff range).
 Temperature Scale/Pointer
o White/Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range.
99
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/STATUS PAGE
FWD AVIONICS HATCH
FWD PASSENGER DOOR FWD SERVICE DOOR
FWD CARGO DOOR
FUELING/DEFUELING DOOR
MID AVIONICS DOOR
AFT CARGO DOOR
AFT PASSENGER DOOR AFT SERVICE DOOR
REAR FUSELAGE DOOR
DOOR
 Green – closed, Red – open, Amber – open, Amber Dashed – undetermined.
100
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/ANTI ICE
1 1
6
6
1
4
3
5
1. BLEED AIR SYSTEM VALVES STATUS
 OPEN: green circle with a green line aligned with the flow line.
 CLOSED: white circle with a white line perpendicular to the flow line.
 UNDETERMINED: amber dashed circle with no line.
 IN TRANSIT: white circle with a white line diagonal to the flow line.
 FAILED CLOSED: white circle with a white line perpendicular to the flow line beneath an amber cross.
 FAILED OPEN: green circle with a green line aligned with the flow line, beneath an amber cross.
2. BLEED AIR TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Digital temperature.
3. BLEED AIR PRESSURE INDICATION
 Digital pressure.
4. WING ANTI-ICE TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Digital temperature.
5. ICE CONDITION ANNUNCIATION
 Indicates an icing condition has been detected.
6. ANTI-ICE FLOW LINE
 Green – pressurized, White – not pressurized, Amber – overheated, White/Amber Dashed – undetermined.
APU ICON
 Only displayed on ground.
101
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/ECS PAGE
3 4 3
5
2
1
7
1 6
1
1. AIR SHUTOFF VALVES STATUS

 Shown as a circle and an internal line representing the valve position.
2. PACK STATUS
 Green – on, White – off, Amber Dashed – undetermined, Amber Dashed covered by an amber cross – failed.
3. RECIRCULATION FAN STATUS
 Shown as a circle and an internal windmill, representing the fan status.
4. COCKPIT/CABIN TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Digital information displays selectable and actual temperature for the cockpit, forward cabin and aft cabin.
 Green - actual temperature indication, Cyan – set temperature indication.
5. OUTFLOW VALVE (OFV) POSITION INDICATION
 Pointer indicates the actual OFV position.
6. MANIFOLD PRESSURE INDICATION
 Digital pressure.
7. FLOW LINE
 Green –air flow, White – no air flow, White/Amber Dashed – invalid information, Amber – overheat.
8. GROUND CART
 Ground cart connection is displayed only when it is connected to the aircraft.
102
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/ELEC PAGE
2 3
1 1
4 4
5
4 5
4 4
4
1. IDG (INTEGRATED DRIVE GENERATOR)
 Icon and its outputs (voltage/frequency/amperage) are always displayed.
2. AC EXTERNAL POWER (AC GPU)
 AC GPU icon and its outputs (voltage/amperage/frequency) are displayed only when the AC GPU is
connected and available.
3. APU
 APU icon and its outputs (voltage/amperage/frequency) are not displayed until the APU is available (3
seconds after 95% rpm).
 Green – APU available and APU GEN pushed in, White – APU available and APU GEN pushed out.
4. ELECTRICAL BUSES
 Always displayed.
5. TRU (TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT)
 Icon and its outputs (voltage/amperage) are always displayed.
 Green – TRU available and toggle switch is AUTO, White – TRU available and toggle switch is OFF.
103
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/ELEC PAGE
7 6
6. BATTERIES
 Icon and their outputs (voltage/temperature) are always displayed.
7. DC EXTERNAL POWER (DC GPU)
 Displayed only when the DC GPU is connected and available.
 Cyan IN USE indication is displayed, centered above the DC GPU icon, whenever the DC GPU is connected
and supplying power to the aircraft electrical system.
8. ELECTRICAL FLOW LINE
 Flow line icons illustrate voltage sensing.
 Green – voltage is sensed, White – voltage is not sensed.
9. RAT (RAM AIR TURBINE)
 Only displayed when the RAT is deployed.
104
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/FLTCTRL 2
7
1
3
6 4
1. AIRPLANE GRAPHIC 5
 Static display that shows the location of flight control surfaces and status of the flight control actuators.
2. SURFACE POSITION STATUS
 Displays the surface position and status.
3. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM STATUS ANNUNCIATIONS
 Status annunciations are shown in a table format for three surfaces.
4. ACTUATOR STATUS ANNUNCIATION
 The rudder has two actuators, upper and lower. Each left and right elevator surfaces have two actuators,
inboard and outboard.
5. AXES MODE ANNUNCIATION
 Axes mode annunciations are shown for the rudder, left, and right elevator.
6. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SOURCE ANNUNCIATION
 Hydraulic system source annunciations are shown for the rudder, left, and right elevator.
7. PBIT REMAINING TIME READOUT
 Digital remaining time readout displays the hours until the electrical and hydraulic PBIT expire.
 Electrical PBIT is automatically performed during power up after the airplane is powered by any AC source
and takes approximately 3 minutes to complete.
o Will be interrupted if any electric hydraulic pump is turned ON, if the Flight Control Mode Buttons
are cycled or if AC power is interrupted while the test is running.
 Hydraulic PBIT is performed automatically only on the ground when all 3 hydraulic systems are pressurized
and takes approximately 1 minute to complete.
o Will be interrupted if any flight control surface is moved.
o PBIT is not performed if the temperature within the hydraulic reservoir is lower than 10°C.
105
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/FUEL PAGE
2 4 2
3 3
4 4
1 3
6
5 5
7
8
1. TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Indicates the fuel temperature measured in the left fuel tank.
2. JET PUMP INDICATION
 Green – jet pump is activated, White – jet pump is deactivated.
3. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP STATUS
 Depicted as circles with an internal windmill representing the pump status.
4. FUEL SYSTEM VALVES STATUS
 Depicted as circles with an internal line representing the valve position.
5. FUEL TANK QUANTITY INDICATION (TANK 1 and TANK 2)
 Total amount of fuel remaining in the associated wing tank.
6. FUEL FLOW LINE
 Green – flow line is pressurized, White – flow line is not pressurized.
 When Engine N2 speeds are below 60% it is normal system behavior to display no fuel flow in the fuel lines.
7. TOTAL FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION
 Indicates the total fuel quantity in all tanks.
8. TOTAL FUEL USED INDICATION
 Indicates the total fuel used.
106
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/FUEL PAGE
4
1
1. REFUELING SWITCH (GUARDED)

 OPEN: Opens the refueling valve.
 CLOSED: closes the refueling valve.
2. REFUELING CLOSED LIGHTS
 Illuminate indicating that the corresponding wing tank refueling shutoff valve is closed.
3. REFUEL SELECTION SWITCH (GUARDED)
 AUTO: automatic mode of operation.
 MANUAL: manual mode of operation.
4. DISPLAY
 Upper display indicates the fuel remaining in the associated tank as selected by the TK SEL/TEST switch (L for
the left tank, R for the right tank and T for both tanks).
 Lower display indicates the total fuel quantity pre-selected via the INCR/DECRT switch.
107
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/FUEL PAGE
8 9
5. POWER SELECTION SWITCH (GUARDED)

 NORMAL: DC BUS 1 and 2 power the refueling system.
 BATTERY: HOT BATT BUS 2 powers the refueling system.
6. DEFUELING OPEN LIGHT
 Illuminates indicating that the defueling shutoff valve is open.
7. DEFUELING SWITCH (GUARDED)
 OPEN: opens the defueling valve.
 CLOSED: closes the defueling valve.
8. INCR/DECRT SWITCH (Spring-loaded switch)
 Increases or decreases the value for fuel quantity selected.
9. TK SEL/TEST SWITCH (Spring-loaded switch)
 TK SEL: Selects the fuel quantity that is indicated on the upper display.
 TEST: Performs a repeater display indication test.
REFUELING AND DEFUELING

 Single pressurized refueling point and a refuel/defuel control panel located under the right wing.
 Refueling in AUTO mode automatically halts refueling when the pre-selected value is reached.
 The wing fuel tanks may be partially or completely refueled using the gravity refuel port located on top of
each wing.
 Can be defueled by suction and/or pressure.
 Crossfeed valve opens automatically during refueling operations.
108
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/HYDR
1 2
5 4
1. PRESSURE INDICATION
 Digital Pressure
o Amber indicates cautionary operating range.
 Pressure Scale/Pointer
o If scale or pointer is amber that indicates the cautionary operating range.
2. QUANTITY INDICATION
 Displays the percentage of fluid remaining for each hydraulic system.
o Green – normal quantity, Cyan – reservoir requires refilling.
3. TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Indicates the hydraulic fluid temperature measured in the reservoir
 Green- normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range, Red – operating limit exceeded.
4. ENGINE PUMP SHUTOFF VALVE STATUS
 Depicted as a circle with an internal line representing the valve position.
 IN TRANSIT: white circle and a white line diagonal to the flow line.
5. ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC PUMP STATUS
 Circle with an internal windmill.
 The icons that represent electrical pumps are smaller than the engine-driven pump and PTU icons.
109
Main Panel

SYSTEMS/HYDR
6 7
6. ENGINE DRIVEN HYDRAULIC PUMP STATUS

 Depicted as a circle with an internal windmill.
7. POWER TRANSFER UNIT STATUS
 Depicted as a circle with an internal windmill.
8. HYDRAULIC FLOW LINE
 Green – flow line is pressurized, White – not pressurized, White/Amber dashed – pressure is undetermined.
9. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION BOX
 Each distribution box indicates the airplane’s systems supplied by the respective hydraulic system.
 Green – associated hydraulic system is pressurized, White – not pressurized, White/Amber dashed –
pressure is undetermined.
110
Main Panel

TCAS PAGE
5
9
6
8
7 2 4 3 1
1. RESOLUTION ADVISORY (RA) INDICATION

 Red solid square.
2. TRAFFIC ADVISORY (TA) INDICATION
 Amber solid circle.
3. PROXIMATE TRAFFIC INDICATION
 Cyan solid diamond.
4. OTHER TRAFFIC INDICATION
 Cyan hollow diamond.
5. NO BEARING INDICATION
 TCAS temporarily unable to determine the bearing of other airplanes when a steep bank angle masks the
directional antenna.
6. TCAS MODE
 Annunciates the TCAS operating mode.
 TA ONLY flashes amber when it is the active mode and a RA condition is detected.
7. MODE SELECTION
 Selects the vertical mode to be displayed on TCAS.
8. ABS SELECTION
 Selects the absolute altitude mode to be displayed on TCAS. Deselecting this item enables the relative
altitude mode. Absolute altitude mode will be replaced by relative altitude mode in the following situations:
o An RA or TA intruder is displayed;
o Deselection of the mode; or
o 15 seconds after being selected.
9. RANGE SELECTION
 Enables the selection of the range to be displayed.
111
Main Panel

WEATHER PAGE
5
2
1. WEATHER RADAR RETURNS

 Displays target in colors. 3
 WX mode: Color indicates rain intensity.
 RCT mode: Attenuation is too high, hiding possible severe weather areas (cyan).
 GMAP mode: Indicates surface information.
 TURB mode: Areas of potentially hazardous turbulence (white).
2. TARGET ALERT CHECKBOX (TGT)
 Enables and disables the radar target feature.
 Monitors for weather beyond the selected range and to the side of the aircraft heading.
3. RAIN ECHO ATTENUATION COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE CHECKBOX (RCT)
 Enables REACT function in all modes, except GMAP.
 Compensates for attenuation of the radar signal as it passes through a storm.
4. ALTITUDE COMPENSATED TILT CHECKBOX (ACT)
 Enables automatic adjustment of the antenna tilt in relation to the altitude and selected range.
5. WEATHER RADAR ANNUNCIATIONS
 First line: CCD inner knob icon: tilt angle is modifiable.
o Tilt angle readout: displays the tilt angle.
o White A annunciation: ACT is active.
 Second line: Weather radar mode annunciation.
 Third line:
o Stabilization annunciation (STAB): radar stabilization is inhibited.
o Target and gain mode annunciation: TGT or VAR displayed.
112
Main Panel

WEATHER PAGE
15 13 10
14
9
6
12
11 8 7
6. TURBULENCE DETECTION CHECKBOX
 Enables the turbulence function only in the WX mode and at selected ranges of 50 NM or less.
7. GAIN INDICATION DISPLAY
 Indicates receiver sensitivity level from 0 to 100.
 VAR GAIN must be selected to adjust gain.
8. RECEIVER GAIN CHECKBOX
 Enables manual variation of the receiver sensitivity.
9. ANTENNA STABILIZATION CHECKBOX
 Enables/disables automatic antenna stabilization.
10. SECTOR SCAN CHECKBOX
 Enables the sector scan function for both pilots’ displays.
 Reduces the area scanned by the radar and increases the sweep cycle.
11. OFF MODE
 Turns off the weather mode, provided OFF is selected in both weather radar virtual controllers.
 In flight only, a single virtual controller selected to OFF operates in SLAVE mode.
12. STANDBY MODE
 Selects the radar system into a standby mode, provided STBY is selected in both weather radar virtual
controllers.
 A green FSBY label is displayed within the weather box when forced standby is active, on the ground.
13. GROUND MAPPING MODE
 Enables ground mapping mode.
14. RADAR MODE
 In flight, activates the radar mode.
15. FORCED STANDBY OVERRIDE
 Enables WX on the ground, when selected on both pilots’ virtual control panel.
113
Main Panel

4. INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC STANDBY SYSTEM (IESS)
4 5
3
6
1 7
2 9
1. BRIGHTNESS ADJUSTMENT BUTTONS

 Adjusts brightness
2. AIRSPEED ROLLING DIGITS
 Indicates actual calibrated airspeed.
3. ILS BUTTON
 Selects the display of ILS 1 deviations.
4. REFERENCE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE INDICATION
 Indicates the barometric pressure as set by the barometric rotary knob.
5. STANDARD BUTTON
 Sets the barometric pressure to standard atmospheric pressure.
6. BRIGHTNESS CELL
 Automatically adjusts the instrument brightness according to the ambient lighting.
7. ALTITUDE INDICATION
 Indicates actual altitude.
 Green hashed box appears on the left side of the numeric digits when altitude is below 10,000 ft.
 Minus (-) symbol appears on the left side when altitude is below sea level.
8. BARO ROTARY KNOB
 Adjusts the barometric setting.
9. CAGE BUTTON
 Resets attitude to zero, eliminating accumulated drift when the button is pressed for more than 2 seconds.
 Must be used with wings leveled on stabilized flight conditions.
 When pressed and amber CAGE flag is displayed on the upper right corner of the IESS.
114
Main Panel

IESS
6
1
7
2
4 4 5 8
1. ROLL INDICATION AND SLIP/SKID INDICATION
 Indicates the bank angle of the airplane.
 Bottom half of the triangle indicates slip or skid angle if flight is not coordinated.
2. AIRPLANE SYMBOL
 Reference for airplane attitude indication.
3. VERTICAL SPEED
 Indicates the actual vertical speed (ft/min).
 Arrow indicates climb or descent.
4. ILS DEVIATIONS
 Green diamond indicates glide slope and localizer position.
5. VMO/MMO BARBER POLE
 Displayed when VMO/MMO is within the viewable range.
6. METER ALTITUDE INDICATION
 Indicates the actual altitude in meters.
7. PITCH ANGLE SCALE
 Provides a pitch angle indication between the airplane symbol and the horizon line.
8. MACH NUMBER INDICATION
 Displays Mach speed.
IESS
 Takes about 90 seconds to align.
 Do not move the aircraft during this time. If so, could cause inflight attitude indication errors that may not be
noticeable on the ground.
115
Main Panel

5. AUTOBRAKE
1. AUTOBRAKE SELECTOR KNOB (ROTARY ACTION)

 RTO: Selects Rejected Takeoff deceleration rate. This mode is equivalent to maximum manual braking.
 OFF: Autobrake is deactivated.
 LO: Selects the low deceleration rate.
 MED: Selects the medium deceleration rate.
 HI: Selects the high deceleration rate.
AUTOBRAKE OPERATION
 Modulates hydraulic pressure to the brakes in order to provide a constant deceleration rate corresponding
to the level selected.
 If reverse thrust is actuated, the autobrake system will modulate the brake pressure to maintain the
deceleration rate constant to the mode selected.
 Anti skid, touchdown and locked wheel protections are provided during autobrake operation.
 Autobrakes will be disengaged when brake pedal pressure is applied or the thrust lever is above idle.
 Rejected Takeoff autobrakes will engage when:
o Thrust levers IDLE or REV.
o Wheelspeed above 60 kts.
o Brake pedals not pressed.
 Ways to disarm the autobrakes:
o Selector switch set to OFF.
o Pedal braking is applied.
o Brake control system failure is detected.
o Either thrust lever is advanced beyond IDLE during autobrake application.
116
Main Panel

6. GND PROX TERR INHIB AND EMERG/PRKG BRAKE PANEL
1 2
1. GND PROX TERR INHIB BUTTON

 When pushed in, inhibits EGPWS and thus avoids unwanted terrain alerts in airports not covered by EGPWS
database.
2. EMERG/PRKG BRAKE LIGHT
 ON: Illuminates when the emergency/parking brake is actuated and there is hydraulic pressure on the brake
line.
117
Main Panel
7. EICAS
118
Main Panel

EICAS
1
3
1. THRUST REVERSER INDICATION

 Indicates the thrust reverser position.
 Green – fully deployed, Amber – in transition, Red – discrepancy between selected and actual reverser
position.
2. N1 INDICATION
 Displays the percentage of N1 rpm.
 Green – normal operating range, Red – Operating limit exceeded, Amber dashed – invalid information or
value out of displayable range.
 Displays when an engine has flamed out or shut down without pilot action.
o Auto Relight: FADEC monitors N2 and automatically turns on both igniters and schedules the relight
fuel flow in the event of an engine flameout.
 Displays when the engine is shut down in-flight by pilot action.
3. N1 WING ANTI-ICE CYAN LINE
 Displayed only in icing conditions during final approach when configured for landing.
 Indicates the minimum thrust level (N1 value) to meet bleed requirements.
4. N1 TARGET INDICATION (DIGITAL READOUT AND BUG)
 Maximum N1 for the engine thrust rating mode indicated on EICAS.
119
Main Panel

EICAS
5. THRUST RATING MODE INDICATION

 Indicates the current thrust-rating mode.
ENGINE THRUST RATINGS

 FADEC calculates the maximum N1 for each thrust rate mode
 Available thrust modes: Takeoff, Takeoff Reserve, Go-Around, Go-Around Reserve, Maximum Continuous
Thrust, Maximum Climb, Maximum Cruise, and Idle
o Takeoff (TO-x)
 Thrust used for a normal takeoff.
o Maximum Takeoff Reserve
 Whenever ATTCS is triggered, TO-x RSV automatically becomes the maximum N1, as long as
the thrust levers are set to TO/GA.
o Go-Around (GA)
 Activated in flight whenever the landing gear and flaps are down. GA mode can also be set
from CRZ, CON, or CLB by pressing TOGA.
o Go-Around Reserve (GA-RSV)
 Highest engine thrust possible.
o Maximum Continuous Rating (CON)
 Used in emergency situations where thrust higher than usual is required.
o Maximum Climb Rating (CLB-1, CLB-2)
 Whenever the selected takeoff thrust is lower than CLB-1 the CLB-2 mode becomes the
default.
 Manual switching between the climb modes is possible in flight on the MCDU-TRS page.
o Maximum Cruise Rating (CRZ)
 Maximum N1 that can be used for a normal cruise flight.
 Automatically selected when level at the altitude set on the altitude pre-selector for 90
seconds and airspeed is within 5 kts from the pre-selected airspeed.
o IDLE
 IDLE modes are automatically adjusted by the FADEC in order to maintain the minimum
thrust necessary to provide the required bleed pressure to the airplane.
 Whenever ICE CONDITION is sensed the N1 for the FLIGHT IDLE and APPROACH IDLE is
automatically increased to maintain the minimum bleed pressure required for the ANTI ICE
system operation.
120
Main Panel

EICAS
6
7
6. ATTCS INDICATION
 Displayed to indicate the Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System status.
 Green – engaged (only when TL reach TO/GA position), White – armed, Blank – not selected.
7. ASSUMED TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Displays the FLEX assumed temperature set in the MCDU TRS page.
AUTOMATIC TAKEOFF THRUST CONTROL SYSTEM (ATTCS)

 Controlled by the FADEC and is available on takeoff and go-around.
 Selection is made in the MCDU – TAKEOFF DATASET MENU page
 Takeoff with ATTCS OFF is prohibited.
 Provides maximum thrust reserve (RSV) according to current rate previously selected via the MCDU on the
T/O Dataset page.
 ATTCS automatically commands RSV whenever it is engaged, thrust levers are at TOGA, and one of the
following:
o N1 difference > 15% between engines.
o Engine failure during takeoff or go-around.
o Windshear detection.
 Moving the thrust levers to the MAX position with ATTCS armed commands RSV power.
FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF
 A reduced takeoff thrust based on an assumed temperature.
 An assumed higher temperature makes the engine think it will overtemp so it reduces the thrust.
 Maximum allowable flex reduction is 25%.
 If the FLEX temperature is changed to a higher FLEX temperature the N1 target will decrease.
 Not allowed when windshear advisories are in effect.
121
Main Panel

EICAS
9
8
13 10
12
11
14
8. N1 REQUEST INDICATION
 Indicates the momentary difference (transient) between actual N1 and requested N1 applied by TLA.
9. MAXIMUM N1 INDICATION
 Indicates the maximum allowable N1 (maximum thrust) for the current thrust rating and operating
conditions. If thrust lever is set to MAX, the N1 request value will be equal to the Maximum N1 value.
10. N1 RED LINE
 Indicates the N1 limit.
11. INTERTURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT) INDICATION
 Green – normal operating range, Red – operating limit exceeded.
 Indicates engine fire condition.
12. ITT RED/AMBER LINE
 Maximum allowable ITT for the current flight phase.
 Limits thrust, thereby avoiding the maximum allowable ITT to be exceeded.
13. IGNITION CHANNEL INDICATION
 Indicates the enabled ignition channel
 A WML icon is displayed whenever the FADEC has detected an engine flameout and the auto re-light system
is actuating to restart the engine.
14. N2 INDICATION
 Displays the percentage of N2 rpm.
 Green – normal operating range, Red – operating limit exceeded.
OVERSPEED PROTECTION
 In the event of 3 consecutive overspeed detections within 30 seconds FADEC will not relight the engine.
122
Main Panel

EICAS
2
1. FUEL FLOW INDICATION
 Indicates the left and right engine fuel flow in pounds per hour.
2. FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION
 Indicates left and right wing tanks fuel quantities separately.
 Total fuel in all tanks is indicated inside a gray box.
o Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range, Red – low fuel quantity.
FUEL TANKS
 Two integral fuel tanks, one in each wing. Each tank incorporates: collector tank and a surge tank.
 Collector tank (inboard section) keeps the fuel pumps submerged, ensuring a constant fuel flow to the
respective engine.
 Surge tank (outboard section) is designed to collect any fuel that may enter the vent system during wing
down and uncoordinated maneuvers.
 Vented through a vent tank in the surge tank.
 Fuel cannot be transferred from tank to tank or dumped overboard.
FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION

 Electrical sensors measure the fuel quantity in each tank.
 Alternate means for fuel measuring is three magnetic level indicators under each wing (maintenance only).
 Declare low fuel at 2660 lbs.
 Declare Minimum fuel at 1800 lbs.
 Fuel time is calculated using an average fuel burn of 60 lbs per/min.
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Main Panel

EICAS
1
2
3
1. OIL PRESSURE INDICATION

 Indicates the engine oil pressure.
 Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range, Red – operating limit exceeded.
2. OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATION
 Indicates the engine oil temperature.
3. ENGINE VIBRATION INDICATION
 Indicates low-pressure (LP) and high-pressure (HP) vibration levels for both engines.
 Transient LP or HP high vibration indication without any other abnormal engine parameter indication may
be considered normal.
124
Main Panel

EICAS
3
1
1
2
1. SLAT/FLAP POSITION
 Displays the slat/flap position. If the information is invalid, the indication will be removed from the display.
 Cyan pointers show the slat/flap commanded position and the green slat/flap depictions show actual
slat/flap position.
2. SLAT/FLAP READOUT
 Displays the slat/flap surface position.
 Green dashes indicate slat/flap in transit.
 If slat/flap surface stops in an intermediate position, the slat/flap readout will display the more retracted
surface position.
 In case of slat/flap surface jamming, an additional box will be displayed in amber, as well as the readout.

3. SPEEDBRAKE INDICATION
 Displays a white SPDBRK annunciation when the airplane is in the air.
 Amber boxed – in case of failure.
 An OPEN and GREEN speedbrake position indication and a white GND SPLR annunciation display on EICAS
after airplane touchdown when one of the Ground Spoiler panels open.

125
Main Panel

EICAS
1
2
1. CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (CAS) WINDOW

 Four message priority levels:
o Warning, Caution, Advisory, Status
o WARNING (red): Indicates an emergency or airplane system condition that requires immediate
corrective or compensatory crew action.
o CAUTION (amber): Indicates an abnormal operational or airplane system conditions that require
immediate crew awareness and should require a subsequent corrective or compensatory action.
o ADVISORY (cyan): Indicates operational or airplane conditions that require crew awareness.
Subsequent or future crew action may be required.
o STATUS (white): Indicates information/status messages.
2. STATUS LINE
 Selected by using the CCD. Turning the active CCD scroll knobs scrolls the alert message stack list under the
CAS window.
 Indicates the number and type of messages out of the CAS window, and if they are located above or below.
 Warning messages are not scrolled out of the window.
ROOT EICAS MESSAGES

 EICAS messages which may generate more messages with them are called Root EICAS messages and they
are highlighted by a preceding chevron “>”.
EICAS MESSAGE INHIBITION

 Some EICAS messages are inhibited on takeoff or approach and landing to prevent it from being a nuisance.
126
Main Panel

EICAS
1. LANDING GEAR POSITION INDICATION

 DOWN: the green DN label inside a green circle indicates that the respective landing gear is down and
locked.
 UP: the white UP label inside a white box indicates that the respective landing gear is up and locked.
 TRANSIT: the amber cross-hatched box indicates that the respective landing gear is in transit.
 DISAGREEMENT: the indication changes from its previous color to red 20 seconds after the discrepancy is
detected.
o Red cross-hatched box indicates that the respective landing gear is kept in transit and is not locked
in the commanded position.
o Red DN label inside a red circle and the red UP label inside a red box indicate a discrepancy between
landing gear lever position and any landing gear position.
UP TRANSIT DISAGREEMENT DISAGREEMENT
AUTOBRAKE EICAS INDICATION

 Autobrake status is shown on EICAS in the LG/AUTOBRAKE box.
o A-BRK Indicates the autobrake is armed.
o Green labels indicate the selected mode. RTO HI MED LO
o - - - - Indicates the data is invalid.
127
Main Panel

EICAS
1 2
1. APU RPM INDICATION
 Displays the APU RPM (%)
2. APU EGT (EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE) INDICATION
 Displays the APU temperature in degrees Celsius (°C)
128
Main Panel

EICAS
5
1
3 4 2
1. CABIN ALTITUDE INDICATION
 Displays cabin altitude in feet, regardless of the operating mode.
 Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range, Red – warning operating range.
2. CABIN RATE OF CHANGE INDICATION
 Displays the cabin rate of change in fpm, regardless of the operating mode.
3. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE INDICATION
 Displays the differential pressure between the cabin interior and the outside in psi, regardless of the
operating mode.
 Green – normal operating range, Amber – cautionary operating range, Red – warning operating range.
4. LANDING FIELD ELEVATION INDICATION
 Displays the landing field elevation in feet, regardless of the operating mode.
 Green – inputs from FMS, Cyan – Manual input. A cyan “M” in front of the altitude readout indicates manual
input.
 Amber dashed – Invalid information or value out of displayable range. Manual operation is active.
 Flight plan on MCDU must be closed to display landing field elevation (LFE) on EICAS.
5. HI FIELD INDICATION
 Displays HI FIELD label whenever the Cabin Altitude is in High Altitude operation mode.
1 1
2
1. ROLL/PITCH/YAW TRIM SCALE

 Trim position configuration is indicated by a solid green triangle.
 There is a green takeoff band on the pitch trim scale, corresponding to the allowable pitch trim position for
takeoff.
2. PITCH TRIM DIGITAL READOUT
 Digital indication of the horizontal stabilizer trim position in tenths of a degree increments.
129
Main Panel

8. CLOCK
2 3
4
1
1. DATE/SET KNOB/BUTTON
 Allows time setting when GPS/INT/SET selector is in the SET position.
 Repeated pressings cycles between minute, hour, year, month, and day.
 Rotate the knob to select the desired digits.
2. RESET BUTTON
 Resets the chronometer to zero if it is stopped.
 Display is blanked when the RST button is pressed and the chronometer is running.
3. CHRONOMETER BUTTON
 Starts/stops the chronometer.
4. GPS/INT/SET SELECTOR
 GPS: synchronizes with UTC and DATE from GPS.
 INT: Displays information from the internal clock.
 SET: Allows date and time to be set by the DATE/SET KNOB/BUTTON.
5. ELAPSED TIME SELECTOR
 AUTO: automatically starts the chronometer on liftoff.
 RST: Resets the elapsed time if Weight-on-Wheels (WOW) is present.
6. CLOCK/CHRONOMETER DISPLAY
 Displays chronometer, time/date and elapsed time.
130
Main Panel

9. LANDING GEAR
1
2
1. DOWNLOCK RELEASE BUTTON (MOMENTARY ACTION)

 Manually releases the landing gear lever lock by mechanically bypassing the system protection logic.
 Used when the landing gear won’t retract on takeoff and terrain is imminent.
2. LANDING GEAR LEVER
 UP: Retracts the landing gear.
 DOWN: Extends the landing gear.
DOWNLOCK RELEASE BUTTON

 Lock protects against inadvertent landing gear retraction when weight-on-wheels.
AIR GROUND POSITIONING SYSTEM AND DOWN/UP LOCK SENSORS

 Two proximity sensor electronic modules (PSEM) process signals from the 6 weight-on-wheels (WOW)
proximity sensors.
 2 WOW sensors on each landing gear.
 If 2 WOW sensors on the same landing gear fail, the PSEMs will prevent the landing gear lever from moving
up.
o In flight the failure is recognized through the landing gear lever stuck in the DOWN position and the
EICAS LG WOW SYS FAIL may be present.
 Whenever the PSEM senses WOW on ground the SPDA commands the landing gear lever to lock
mechanically in the DOWN position.
 If for any reason the shock absorber of any landing gear does not extend completely the PSEM keeps an
airplane on ground signal.
 Each landing gear has 2 uplock and 2 downlock sensors.
o Discrepancy between both uplock or downlock sensors of the same landing gear, the sensor in
agreement with the landing gear lever position will be considered valid.
LANDING GEAR
 Electrically commanded and hydraulically activated.
LANDING GEAR DOORS

 Actuated mechanically during landing gear extension or retraction.
 Nose landing gear forward doors open temporarily during extension or retraction and close after the nose
landing gear is fully extended or retracted.
131
Main Panel

LANDING GEAR
LANDING GEAR RETRACTION

 Landing gear lever to the UP position releases hydraulic pressure for the nose and main landing gear locks,
and pressurizes the respective actuators to retract the landing gear. Held in place by uplock hooks.
LANDING GEAR NORMAL EXTENSION

 Landing gear lever DOWN releases hydraulic pressure for the nose and main landing gear uplocks, as well as
for the retraction actuators. Gear doors are mechanically opened.
 Gear is locked down by downlock springs.
 Gear extends by free fall.
FUSIBLE PLUGS
 Fusible plugs are pins attached to the wheels, which melt relieving tire pressure in case of tire overheat.
132
Main Panel

10. ELT AND GND PROX G/S INHIB
1. EMERGENCY LOCATION TRANSMITTER (ELT)

 Used to locate the aircraft after a crash.
 Contains an impact switch that, when armed, turns on the ELT transmitter after crash impact.
 Operates on its own battery power until the battery is exhausted.
 When the ELT is active (transmitting), a light continuously flashes on the cockpit switch panel.
2. GND PROX G/S INHIB BUTTON

 Used to manually cancel glideslope alerts.
 Illuminates when pressed any time below 2,000 ft nominal radar altitude and will be automatically reset
(light off) by climbing above 2,000 ft nominal or descending below 30 ft
133
Main Panel

11. LG WRN INHIB AND ADS PROBES HEATER BUTTON
1. LANDING GEAR WARNING INHIBITION BUTTON (GUARDED-MOMENTARY ACTION)

 Inhibits the landing gear aural warning in the event of dual radio altimeter failure only if the SLAT/FLAP lever
is in the 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 position.
 White striped bar when pushed will extinguish if:
o Thrust levers are advanced beyond a pre-determined mid-range position.
o Flap selector lever is set to 5 or full without any landing gear down and locked.
LANDING GEAR AURAL WARNING

 “LANDING GEAR” aural warning cannot be silenced in the following situations:
o SLAT/FLAP lever in a landing position (5 or FULL)
 Regardless of thrust lever position and radio altitude.
o SLAT/FLAP lever in the 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 position
 Radio altitude below 700 ft AGL, and
 Thrust lever is set below a pre-determined mid-range position.
1. ADS PROBES HEATER BUTTON

 PUSH IN: activates the ADS probes heater.
 PUSH OUT: the ADS probes heater operates in AUTO mode.
134
Central Pedestal

CHAPTER 5: CENTRAL PEDESTAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS CENTRAL PEDESTAL
1. MULTIFUNCTION CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT 136

2. FLIGHT CONTROL MODE BUTTONS 137
3. SHAKER CUTOUT BUTTONS 138
4. POWERPLANT PANEL 139
5. T/O CONFIG BUTTON AND EICAS FULL BUTTON 140
6. CURSOR CONTROL DEVICE (CCD) 141
7. SPEEDBRAKE LEVER 142
8. THRUST LEVER QUADRANT 143
9. RAT MANUAL DEPLOY LEVER 146
10. GND PROX FLAP OVRD BUTTON AND SLAT/FLAP LEVER 147
11. AUDIO CONTROL PANEL 148
12. TRIM PANEL 150
13. COCKPIT DOOR CONTROL PANEL 152
14. EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKE 153
15. PA AND ELEVATOR DISCONNECT HANDLE 154
16. AILERON DISCONNECT HANDLE 155
17. PC POWER/IFE PANEL 156
135
Central Pedestal

1. MULTIFUNCTION CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT
MULTIFUNCTION CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT

 Allows radio tuning, PFD radio tuning display setup, manual engine rating selection, engine takeoff data set,
avionics display setup and test, performance initialization, flight planning, access to electronics CBs, among
others.
 See separate Republic program for operation
136
Central Pedestal

2. FLIGHT CONTROL MODE BUTTONS
1
1. FLIGHT CONTROL MODE BUTTONS (GUARDED)

 PUSH IN: places the associated flight system into direct mode.
 PUSH OUT: places the associated flight system into normal mode.
FLY BY WIRE
 Only primary flight control not Fly-by-Wire is the ailerons.
 Composed of: 9 Actuator Control Electronics (ACEs) and 4 Flight Control Modules (FCMs).
 ACE units connect the control column electronically to the respective control surface.
 FCMs provide software-based assistance to the ACEs.
o FCM units are connected to the ACEs, providing digital inputs to the ACEs, which are combined with
pilot inputs.
o FCM cannot override a pilot input.
 Modes of operation: Normal mode and Direct mode.
o Normal Mode: FCM provides software based gain schedules and control limits to the ACEs, as well
as high level functions.
 High level functions: Autopilot, Speed brakes
 Pitch: Gain on Airspeed (as airspeed increases, deflection decreases), Elevator thrust
compensation, Angle-of-Attack (AOA) limiting.
 Yaw: Yaw Damp, Gain on airspeed, turn coordination.
o Direct Mode: FCM is removed from the control loop and there are no higher level functions
available.
 Primarily the result of loss of airspeed data.
137
Central Pedestal

3. SHAKER CUTOUT BUTTONS
1 1
1. SHAKER CUTOUT BUTTON

 When pushed in, cuts out the associated shaker channel.
STALL PROTECTION SYSTEM

 Auto Flight Control System (AFCS) activates the stick shaker on the control column when the airplane’s
speed is approaching stall speed.
 When the stick shaker is activated, control column authority is limited in the nose up direction.
138
Central Pedestal

4. POWERPLANT PANEL
1 1
2 2
1. START/STOP SELECTOR KNOB

 STOP: commands the FADEC to shut down the engine, provided the associated thrust lever is in the IDLE
position.
 RUN: normal position for engine operation.
 START (momentary action): initiates the engine start sequence
2. IGNITION SELECTOR KNOB
 OFF: deactivates the ignition system. On ground, fuel flow is inhibited. FADEC disregards OFF position in
flight.
 AUTO: FADEC automatically controls the ignition system, depending on engine requirements.
 OVRD: enables FADEC to continuously activate both exciters when the engine is running.
STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEMS

 Engine starting system consists of: air turbine starter (ATS) and starter control valve (SCV).
 FADEC energizes one igniter for on-ground engine starts and both igniters for in-flight engine starts.
 Ground Start: FADEC provides hot start, hung start, and no light off protection.
 In Flight Start: FADEC has no protection for hot starts, hung starts, or no light off.
 Crossbleed starts are used when the APU is not available. Engine bleed air is used to start the opposite
engine.
 During a crossbleed start as bleed pressure drops do not adjust the thrust lever to maintain bleed pressure.
 Auto Relight: FADEC monitors N2 and automatically turns on both igniters and schedules the relight fuel flow
in the event of an engine flameout.
 Sources available for engine start are: APU, ground source (huffer cart or air bottle), opposite engine,
windmill start.
ENGINE
 FADEC controls the engine.
139
Central Pedestal

5. T/O CONFIG BUTTON AND EICAS FULL BUTTON
1. TAKEOFF CONFIG CHECK BUTTON

 Checks the takeoff configuration
o Flap position Matches the FMS Takeoff page 2/2.
o Parking brake OFF.
o Pitch trim In the green band.
o Spoiler panels Not deployed.
 Simulates power levers in the advanced position.
 Does not check that both engines are running.
2. EICAS FULL BUTTON

 PUSH IN: EICAS full information presented.
 PUSH OUT: Enables the automatic EICAS de-clutter logic.
o De-clutter is disabled when the landing gear is extended and/or flap/slat is not at 0.
EICAS FULL
 Automatic de-clutter occurs after landing gear retraction and flap/slat retraction, if all parameters are
displaying normal indications.
140
Central Pedestal

6. CURSOR CONTROL DEVICE (CCD)
1
2
4 4
1. TUNING KNOB
 Outer and inner knobs select value or mode in the data field enclosed by the cursor.
2. FORMAT LOCATION BUTTONS
 Place cursor on associated display (PFD, MFD, or EICAS).
3. TOUCH PAD
 Used to move cursor.
4. ENTER KEYS
 Used to select soft keys.
141
Central Pedestal

7. SPEEDBRAKE LEVER
1. SPEED BRAKE LEVER

 Symmetrically deploys the multi-function panels. All multi-function spoiler panels deploy at the same angle
in response to the speed brake lever position.
SPOILER SYSTEM
 5 spoiler panels each wing. 3 outboard spoilers each wing are called multifunction spoilers.
o Multifunction spoilers have 3 modes of operation:
 Roll Control: Deployed asymmetrically for roll augmentation by pilots control wheel.
 Direct mode: Function at a default fixed gain.
 Speed Brakes: Deploys all six multifunction spoiler panels symmetrically during flight by
speed brake handle position.
 Automatically retract: selection of slat/flap 2 or above, or airspeed below 180 KIAS,
or a high TLA.
 Not available in direct mode.
 Ground Spoilers: All ten spoiler panels deployed symmetrically to the fully extended position
during landing roll.
 Ground spoilers not available in direct mode.
142
Central Pedestal

8. THRUST LEVER QUADRANT
2
1
1. AUTOTHROTTLE DISCONNECT BUTTON (A/T DISC)

 Disengages the autothrottles.
2. TAKEOFF AND GO AROUND BUTTON (TO/GA)
 Selects the TO, GA, or Windshear Flight Director Modes.
TAKEOFF MODE
 Represented by crossbars and is used during the takeoff phase to maintain a pitch attitude.
 Deactivated when another vertical mode is selected.
GO AROUND MODE
 Deactivated when another vertical mode is selected.
143
Central Pedestal

THRUST LEVER QUADRANT
AUTOTHROTTLE
 AT sets the correct engine thrust with the synchronized N1 for its various operating modes.
 Normal disengagement: AT disconnect button on thrust lever, and AT button on the guidance panel.
o Automatically disengaged when one of the following occurs: after airplane touchdown, thrust levers
beyond the TO/GA position, or reverse thrust operation during RTO.
 Non Normal Disengagement: difference in TLA greater than 8°, or autothrottle failure.
 Autothrottle Modes: takeoff mode (TO), takeoff hold mode (HOLD), speed on thrust mode (SPDT), speed on
elevator (SPDE), go-around mode (GA), retard mode (RETD), limited thrust (LIM), Override (OVRD).
o TO mode: armed on ground by pressing the AT button on the guidance panel. Engages when thrust
levers are at a high TLA.
o HOLD mode: prevents undesired thrust lever movement during the takeoff phase. Engaged at or
above 60 KIAS during the takeoff roll.
o SPDT: Controls the selected airspeed adjusting the engine thrust by moving the thrust levers.
 Vertical modes related to SPDT: FPA, VS, GS, PTH, GP, ALT, ASEL
 SPDT is the active mode when the FD is turned OFF (no active modes on FMA).
o SPDE: AT maintains a fixed thrust setting, and the flight director adjusts the pitch attitude to
maintain the selected airspeed.
 Vertical modes related to SPDE: FLCH, OVSP, VNAV flight level change (FLCH magenta)
o GA: advances the thrust levers to the TO/GA position.
o RETD: reduces the thrust levers to idle during flare on landing. Engages below 30 ft.
o LIM: Autothrottle authority is not sufficient to achieve or maintain the selected airspeed.
o OVRD: AT can be overridden by moving the thrust lever in any direction without causing its
disengagement.
 TLA NOT TOGA EICAS will be displayed if the thrust levers are not in the TOGA detent by 60 kts.
144
Central Pedestal

THRUST LEVER QUADRANT
1. THRUST LEVER DETENTS

 MAX: provides the maximum thrust rating available for dual or single engine operation.
 TO/GA: selects takeoff, maximum continuous, and go-around mode settings.
 IDLE: Selects idle thrust settings.
 MIN REV: provides minimum reverse thrust
 MAX REV: provides maximum reverse thrust. The thrust lever must be pulled against a spring to achieve the
MAX REV position. If the thrust lever is released it goes back to MIN REV position.
2. THRUST REVERSER TRIGGER
 Pulling the thrust reverser trigger allows reverser activation when weight on wheels.
THRUST REVERSER
 Thrust levers must be in idle to enable the thrust reverser trigger.
 In case of inadvertent thrust reverser deployment FADEC limits respective engine thrust to idle.
 The thrust reverser trigger can be lifted within 30 seconds after an engine inoperative condition is detected.
 Pulling the reverser triggers before airplane touchdown may lock the thrust levers in place, preventing the
thrust reverser deployment. In that case, the system can be unlocked by releasing the thrust reverser
triggers after airplane touchdown. Once the thrust levers are unlocked, the thrust reversers can be deployed
as required.
145
Central Pedestal

9. RAT MANUAL DEPLOY LEVER
1. RAM AIR TURBINE (RAT) DEPLOYMENT HANDLE

 Manually deploys the Ram Air Turbine.
RAM AIR TURBINE (RAT)

 Deploys automatically whenever AC power sources are not powering the AC buses.
 8 Seconds after deployment the RAT supplies power. Batteries power during the 8 seconds.
 Requires maintenance to stow the RAT.
 RAT powers the AC Motor-driven Pump (ACMP 3A) for primary flight control tasks.
 No altitude restriction for RAT deployment.
 RAT provides a lower power output than the APU and IDGs.
146
Central Pedestal

10. GND PROX FLAP OVRD BUTTON AND SLAT/FLAP LEVER
1. GND PROX FLAP OVRD BUTTON

 Inhibits triggering flap alerts in case of landings where flap configuration is different from normal landing
flap configuration.
2. SLAT/FLAP SELECTOR LEVER

 Selects slat/flap position by unlatching the lever and lifting a trigger below the head.
SLATS/FLAP SYSTEM
 4 slats per wing (all heated except the inboard slat). 2 flaps per wing.
 Commanded by two ACEs and electrically operated using Power Drive Units (PDUs).
 Position 4 and 5 are the same slat/flap degrees. Position 4 logic is for takeoff while position 5 logic is for
landing. Position 4 logic does not provide for the landing gear aural warning on landing.
 Caution: Using position 4 for landing is prohibited.
 Flap settings approved for takeoff are: 1, 2, and 4.
 Flap settings approved for landing are: 5 and FULL.
 Go-Around:
o Flaps 5 select flaps 2.
o Flaps FULL select flaps 4.
147
Central Pedestal

11. AUDIO CONTROL PANEL
3 4
1
2
2
5
1. MICROPHONE SELECTOR BUTTONS

 Related communication channel is enabled for transmission and reception.
2. AUDIO CONTROL BUTTONS
 Related audio channel is enabled for reception.
 Automatically activated when a transmission channel is selected.
3. SATCOM CONTROL BUTTON
 Unavailable.
4. PASSENGER ADDRESS CONTROL BUTTON
 Enables PA announcements. It deactivates the microphone selector button and in this case no radio
transmission occurs since there is no VHF/HF/SATCOM microphone selection.
5. SERVICES INTERPHONE CONTROL BUTTONS
 EMER: Enables communication with flight attendants during emergency situations. When selected a green
bar flashes on the button. Once the flight attendant picks up the call the green bar flashes faster. Pressing
the button again, the light becomes steady and the communication with the flight attendant is enabled. A
triple HI/LO chime sounds.
 RAMP: Enables communication with ground personnel. For an incoming call, the ramp annunciator flashes
and remains steady when active. Communication through the ramp interphone remains active unless PTT or
PA PTT is activated, ramp resumes when PTT or PA PTT is released.
 CAB: Enables communication with flight attendants during normal situations. Works the same as EMER
mode. Communication through the cabin interphone remains active unless PTT or PA PTT is activated, cabin
resumes when PTT or PA PTT is released.
 RAMP and CAB can be selected at the same time.
6. MASTER VOLUME CONTROL KNOBS
 Allows adjustment of the most recently selected audio.
148
Central Pedestal

AUDIO CONTROL PANEL
12 8
11 10 9
7. ID FILTER BUTTON
 Activates a filter that eliminates voice on VOR and ADF audio so the identification can be heard.
8. AUDIO SELECTION BUTTONS
 Enables the respective audio to be summed into the output on the cockpit speaker (SPKR), interphone
(INPH), or headphone (HDPH).
9. ACP DISPLAY
 Displays the selected transmission channel and digital volume information.
10. AUTO/MASK MICROPHONE SWITCH
 AUTO (PUSH IN): allows audio communication via oxygen masks.
 MASK (PUSH OUT): activates oxygen masks microphone when auto mode fails.
 Oxygen mask stowage box doors must be closed and reset in order to enable hand or headset microphone
booms after using the oxygen mask microphone.
11. BACKUP VOLUME CONTROL BUTTON/KNOB
 NORM (PUSH IN): normal operation mode.
 BKUP (PUSH OUT): restores VHF communication in case of digital audio system failure.
12. SELCAL ANNUNCIATOR BUTTON
 Unavailable.
RADIO TUNING
 Primary method is via the MCDU.
 Back-up method is via the CCD.
149
Central Pedestal

12. TRIM PANEL
2 3
4 5
1. YAW TRIM KNOB (SPRING-LOADED TO NEUTRAL)

 Actuates the yaw trim to the left or right.
 Limited to 3 seconds.
2. ROLL TRIM SWITCH (SPRING-LOADED TO NEUTRAL)
 Actuates the roll trim to the left or right.
3. PITCH TRIM BACK-UP SWITCH (SPRING LOADED TO NEUTRAL)
 Operation of the switch while the autopilot is engaged causes the autopilot to disengage.
4. PITCH TRIM SYS 1 CUTOUT BUTTON (GUARDED)
 PUSH IN: Disables the Horizontal Stabilizer ACE (HS-ACE) channel 1.
 PUSH OUT: Enables the HS-ACE channel 1.
5. PITCH TRIM SYS 2 CUTOUT BUTTON (GUARDED)
 PUSH IN: Disables the HS-ACE channel 2.
 PUSH OUT: Enables the HS-ACE channel 2.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER MANUAL TRIM

 Pitch trim switches control the electric trim motor for the horizontal stabilizer.
 All pitch trim switches are dual split and have a 7-second time limit when actuated separately. If the switch
is activated separately for more than 7 seconds the switch is automatically deactivated and an aural warning
“TRIM” triggers.
 Pitch trim commands are limited to 3 seconds to avoid a possible pitch trim runaway.
 If both trim halves are pressed for more than 3 seconds, stabilizer movement stops and if it remains pressed
the aural warning “TRIM” triggers. Aural warning stops when switch is released.
 If stick shaker is activated, ACE is prevented from responding to any pitch trim commands.
150
Central Pedestal

TRIM PANEL
STABILIZER TRIM PRIORITY LOGIC

 HS-ACE responds to the following priorty:
o Backup switches
o Captain
o First Officer
o FCM (auto-trim) commands
AUTOPILOT TRIM
 Autopilot engaged directly operates the electric trim motor.
 If autopilot trim is inoperative, autopilot cannot be engaged.
ROLL TRIM
 The roll trim switch commands the actuator to move, and repositions the neutral feel position of the aileron
system.
 Single trim command limited to 3 seconds. Switch must be released then can be re-energized.
 AP/TRIM DISC switch on control wheels disables the roll trim actuator as long as the switch remains
depressed.
RUDDER TRIM SYSTEM

 Rudder trim limited to 3 seconds. Switch must be released then can be re-energized.
 Yaw trim repositions the rudder surface to a new neutral position.
151
Central Pedestal

13. COCKPIT DOOR CONTROL PANEL
1 4
2 3
1. LOCK PUSHBUTTON (GUARDED)

 Controls the cockpit doors power supply.
 Activates and deactivates the electromechanical door latch.
 Resets the DING-DONG alarm and EMERG ENTRY command.
 Resets the green LED on the door’s control panel in the passenger cabin.
2. INHIB PUSHBUTTON
 Inhibits the EMERG ENTRY command from cockpit door control panel in the passenger cabin for 500
seconds.
 Lights up the red LED in the passenger cabin control panel.
 The cockpit door opens if the INHIB pushbutton is not pressed up to 30 seconds after the EMERG ENTRY
pushbutton on the passenger cabin control panel is pressed.
3. UNLOCKED INDICATION
 Turns on when door is unlocked.
 Starts flashing when the EMERG ENTRY pushbutton on the passenger cabin control panel is pressed.
 Turns off when the INHIB pushbutton is pressed.
4. TEST BUTTON
 Continually tests the DING-DONG alarm while the test button is pressed, regardless of audio selection.
SYSTEM LOGIC
 Press and holding the cabin EMER ENTRY pushbutton for a short time starts the cockpit chime alarm
sequence.
152
Central Pedestal

14. EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKE
1. EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKE HANDLE

 Actuates the emergency/parking brake.
 The handle will lock when pulled up to the fully actuated position.
 To release the handle from the fully actuated position, the top button must be pressed.
EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKE
 Pressure accumulators isolated from hydraulic systems 1 and 2.
 Accumulators have sufficient pressure to provide six full-brake applications.
 Parking brake can be used to stop the aircraft if you lose hydraulics.
EMERGENCY BRAKE OPERATION

 If both normal brakes fail the handle will actuate as an emergency brake.
 Handle must be pulled carefully and slowly as there is no anti-skid protection.
153
Central Pedestal

15. PA AND ELEVATOR DISCONNECT HANDLE
1. PASSENGER ADDRESS PTT BUTTON

 Allows voice communications to passengers, regardless of any selection in the audio control panel.
 When selected for more than 2 minutes, the communication is automatically deactivated (stuck mic
protection).
2. ELEVATOR DISCONNECT HANDLE

 PULL: Isolates the Captain and First Officer’s control columns for elevator control.
ELEVATOR JAM
 Jam in one of the elevator actuators, the respective elevator surface will remain fixed at the position where
the jam occurred.
 Following a disconnection, the pilot of the non-jammed side retains pitch control by means of the on-side
elevator.
 Maintenance is required to reset the disconnected unit.
ARTIFICIAL FEEL UNITS (AFU)

 With the columns disconnected, the feel loads on the column are reduced to ½ of the normal loads.
154
Central Pedestal
16. AILERON DISCONNECT HANDLE
1. AILERON DISCONNECT HANDLE

 Isolates the Captain and First Officer’s control wheel for aileron control.
AILERONS JAM
 Following a disconnect, the system remains separated for the remainder of the flight.
 Maintenance is required to reconnect the disconnect device.
RIGHT AILERON JAM

 Captain retains control of the left aileron with normal artificial feel.
LEFT AILERON JAM

 First Officer retains control of the right aileron without artificial feel since the feel mechanism is attached to
the Captain’s half of the system.
155
Central Pedestal

17. PC POWER/IFE PANEL
2 1
1. IFE (UNAVAILABLE)
2. CABIN PC POWER BUTTON
 PUSH IN: Supplies power to the passenger seat outlets.
 PUSH OUT: Disables the power supply to the passenger seat outlets.
156
Control Wheel

CHAPTER 6: CONTROL WHEEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTROL WHEEL
1. PITCH TRIM SWITCH 158

2. COMMUNICATIONS SWITCH 158
3. AP/TRIM DISCONNECT BUTTON 158
4. TOUCH CONTROL STEERING BUTTON 158
5. ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM 159
6. ELEVATOR THRUST COMPENSATION 159
7. HORIZONTAL STABILIZER 159
8. ROLL CONTROL 160
9. AILERONS 160
10. STEERING DISENGAGE SWITCH 161
11. FREE WHEEL STEERING 161
12. CHRONOMETER BUTTON 161
157
Control Wheel

CONTROL WHEEL
1
2
3
4
1. PITCH TRIM SWITCH (SPRING-LOADED TO NEUTRAL)

 Trims the airplane when the autopilot is not engaged.
 If only half of the switch is actuated for more than 7 seconds, the switch will be automatically deactivated.
 Manual pilot trim commands are limited to 3 seconds.
2. CONTROL WHEEL COMMUNICATIONS SWITCH
 PTT (momentary): allows VHF transmissions, as well as voice communications to passengers.
 HOT: allows communication between crewmembers and between crewmembers and ramp station.
 OFF: allows only audio reception.
3. AP/TRIM DISCONNECT BUTTON
 Trim
o Press and Hold the AP/TRIM DISC Button
 It disconnects the autopilot and stops any active trim command.
o Release the AP/TRIM DISC Button
 Re-activates the trim commands.
 Autopilot
o Normal means of disengaging the autopilot.
o Pressing once disengages the autopilot.
o Second press cancels the autopilot aural alarm and FMA AP warning.
4. TOUCH CONTROL STEERING BUTTON (TCS)
 Press and Hold the TCS:
o Synchronizes the Flight Director with the current airplane attitude.
o Momentarily overrides the autopilot if it is engaged.
 Release the TCS:
o The Flight Director returns to the lateral and vertical selection when the TCS was pressed.
o With Roll/VS/FPA modes the FD re-syncs the aircraft to the current attitude when TCS is released.
o Autopilot resumes airplane control if the autopilot is engaged.
158
Control Wheel

CONTROL WHEEL
PITCH CONTROL
ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM
 Controlled electronically using Fly-by-Wire (FBW) technology.
 Electro-hydraulic commanded elevators and an electro-mechanical horizontal stabilizer
 FCM units provide high-level functions to the ACE units.
 NORMAL MODE: elevator moves according to gain scheduling as a function of airspeed, reducing elevator
movement with increasing airspeeds.
 DIRECT MODE: When the FCM is removed from the control loop the elevator system is reverted to direct
mode automatically and the operation is defaulted to fixed control laws configuration.
o Loss of airspeed information removes the FCM from the control loop, and the associated ACE
reverts to direct mode.
o Elevator high level functions, AOA limiting, and the autopilot are no longer available.
ELEVATOR THRUST COMPENSATION FUNCTION (ETC)

 Applies elevator commands to reduce pitching moment produced by increasing or decreasing engine thrust.
 Computed by the FCM
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER CONTROL SYSTEM

 Electromechanical system commanded by either:
o Manual selection of the pitch trim switches.
o Or the FCM for autopilot trim.
159
Control Wheel

CONTROL WHEEL
ROLL CONTROL
 Lateral control includes conventional ailerons and fly-by-wire multi-function spoilers.
AILERONS
 Commanded by conventional control cables that run from each control wheel back to a pair of hydro-
mechanical actuators.
160
Control Wheel

CONTROL WHEEL
1. STEERING DISENGAGE SWITCH

 Located on the back of the control yoke.
 Disengages the nosewheel steering system.
FREE WHEEL STEERING MODE

 Used for towing or when the normal steering system fails.
 Steering system can be disengaged reverting to free wheel by:
o Steering disengage switch on yoke.
o External steering disengage switch located on the external power connection access.
 Steering can be carried out by use of rudder, differential brake and/or asymmetrical thrust.
TOWING
 Safe to tow when the following indications are visible:
o Green light on the nose gear.
o Parking brake ON light extinguished.
o STEER OFF EICAS displayed.
 Green towing light on nosewheel illuminates when:
o Steering is disengaged
o Parking brake is not set
o Toe brakes are not applied
 Red guarded steering switch on the forward ramp panel disengages the nosewheel steering.
161
Control Wheel

CONTROL WHEEL
2. CHRONOMETER BUTTON
 Starts/stops/resets the chronometer displayed on the PFD.
 Independent information/functioning for each control wheel.
162
Cockpit Floor

CHAPTER 7: COCKPIT FLOOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS COCKPIT FLOOR
1. BRAKES 163
2. HYDRAULICS 163
3. LOCKED WHEEL PROTECTION 163
4. ANTISKID PROTECTION 163
5. TOUCHDOWN PROTECTION 164
6. BRAKE WEAR PINS 164
7. RUDDER PEDAL STEERING MODE 165
8. YAW CONTROL 165
9. ELETRICAL OVERRIDE SWITCH 166
10. ALTERNATE GEAR EXTENSION 166
163
Cockpit Floor

RUDDER PEDALS
1 1
1. BRAKES
 Brake-by-wire.
BRAKES
 Pedal position transducers send brake requests to the Brake Control Module (BCM).
 Brake wear monitored through brake wear pins located on each main wheel.
 Brake Control Module (BCM) main functions are:
o Locked wheel protection
o Antiskid protection
o Automatic wheel braking
o Touchdown protection
HYDRAULICS
 Hydraulic system 1 – Outboard brakes
 Hydraulic system 2 – Inboard brakes
 Hydraulic system 1 and 2 – Parking/Emergency Brake
LOCKED WHEEL PROTECTION

 Active anytime on ground and at wheel speeds above 30 kt.
 Compares wheel speed signals between the left and the right inboard brakes or between the left and the
right outboard brakes.
 If a wheel speed is 33% or below its associated paired wheel speed, the BCM commands zero pressure to
the brake of the slower wheel, allowing speed equalization.
 Tolerance between wheel speeds permits differential braking.
ANTISKID PROTECTION
 Reduces the wheel brake pressure in order to recover wheel speed and prevent tire skidding.
 Deactivated below 10 kt, this allows the pilot to lock and pivot a wheel for maneuvering.
 Not available for the emergency/parking brake.
164
Cockpit Floor

RUDDER PEDALS
TOUCHDOWN PROTECTION
 Prevents the airplane from touching down with the main landing gear brakes applied.
 No braking until 3 seconds after Weight-on-Wheels (WOW) has sensed ground or > 50 kts wheelspeed.
BRAKE WEAR PINS

 Brake wear pins indicate that brakes are worn-out and when the pins are flush, the brakes need
replacement.
 Brake wear pins must be checked with the emergency/parking brake engaged.
 When pin is flush there is still braking available.
165
Cockpit Floor

RUDDER PEDALS
2 2
2. RUDDER PEDAL
RUDDER PEDAL STEERING MODE

 Used on high speed operations or whenever a wider angle turn is not required.
 Active on ground any time the STEER OFF EICAS is not displayed.
YAW CONTROL
 Two actuators, or PCUs, electrically commanded and hydraulically powered, are connected to the rudder
control surface, receiving signals from the rudder control’s Fly-by-Wire system (FBW).
 High level functions:
o Yaw damping
o Turn coordination
o Gain scheduling
166
Cockpit Floor

ALTERNATE LANDING GEAR
2 1
1. ELECTRICAL OVERRIDE SWITCH

 NORMAL: landing gear lever performs landing gear retraction and extension.
 GEAR DOWN: electronically bypasses the Proximity Sensor Electronic Module (PSEM) and commands gear
extension in the same sequence as normal.
2. ALTERNATE GEAR EXTENSION LEVER (TWO-POSITION)
 When pulled, relieves hydraulic pressure in the landing gear lines and releases all landing gear uplocks.
3. ALTERNATE GEAR EXTENSION LEVER UNLOCK PUSHBUTTON
 When pressed, releases the handle from the actuated position.
ELECTRICAL OVERRIDE SWITCH

 Used to extend the gear when the landing gear lever control box fails.
ALTERNATE GEAR EXTENSION

 Used when hydraulic pressure is not available for landing gear operation or the electrical system fails.
 Landing gear extends by free fall
167
Cockpit Side Panel

CHAPTER 8: COCKPIT SIDE PANEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS COCKPIT SIDE PANEL
1. OXYGEN MASK 168

2. STEERING HANDLE 170
3. NOSEWHEEL STEERING 170
4. STEERING DISCONNECT SWITCH ON GROUND SERVICE PANEL 170
5. COCKPIT PC POWER SYSTEM 171
168
Cockpit Side Panel

OXYGEN MASK
1. FLOW INDICATOR
 A bright yellow star when visible indicates that oxygen is flowing.
2. TEST/RESET BUTTON (SPRING LOADED)
 Pressing this button with the mask stowed tests the oxygen mask and activates the microphone. The flow
indicator star momentarily blinks and oxygen flow will be audible through audio system.
 Pressing this button with the mask not stowed and the mask box door closed shuts off the oxygen flow,
turns off mask’s microphone and returns the communication from the cockpit speakers to the headsets.
3. OXY ON FLAG
 This flag appears whenever oxygen is supplied to the mask.
169
Cockpit Side Panel

OXYGEN MASK
5
4
6 5 5
4. PURGE VALVE
 This valve allows oxygen flow into the face seal, purging any smoke and fumes.
 This valve automatically opens when the oxygen supply control knob is rotated to the emergency mode
position.
5. HARNESS INFLATION CONTROL VALVE
 Pressing this valve inflates the harness so that the mask may be donned. Releasing the button deflates the
harness securing the mask in place.
6. OXYGEN SUPPLY CONTROL KNOB (ROTARY ACTION)
 Rotating the knob selects the mode of oxygen supply.
 EMERG: Supplies pure oxygen under positive pressure.
 100%: Supplies pure oxygen at all cabin altitudes.
 NORM: Supplies an oxygen/air mixture on demand (the ratio depends on cabin altitude).
FLIGHT DECK OXYGEN MASK

 When the flight deck oxygen masks are removed from their storage unit the flow of oxygen, mask
microphone (headsets deactivate), and flight deck speakers activate.
170
Cockpit Side Panel

STEERING HANDWHEEL
1. STEERING HANDLE
 The handle must be pushed down to engage the steering system.
 Releasing the handle will enable rudder pedals mode, keeping it pressed enables handwheel mode.
 Rotating the handwheel left or right commands steering.
 Activation of the nosewheel steering disengages the rudder pedal steering.
NOSEWHEEL STEERING
 Steer-by-wire control powered by hydraulic system 2 and electronically controlled.
 To engage nosewheel steering:
o Hydraulic system 2 needs to be pressurized
o External steering disengage switch must be in the engaged position.
o Handwheel steering must be pressed.
 Used for low speed control and whenever a wider turn angle is required.
 Maximum steering angle of ±76° allowed up to 10 kt and decreases as speed increases.
 Hydraulic system 2.
STEERING DISCONNECT SWITCH ON GROUND SERVICE PANEL

 STEER OFF EICAS will be present during the after start checklist (CA pushed down tiller) if the steering
disconnect switch on the ground service panel is not in the down and guarded position.
171
Cockpit Side Panel

COCKPIT PC POWER SYSTEM
COCKPIT PC POWER SYSTEM

 Two outlets installed in the cockpit
 The PC power control switch is installed above the RH side of the PC power outlet and a striped bar
illuminates when the AC power is available (pushed in).

172
Review Questions

CHAPTER 9: REVIEW QUESTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 174

2. AIRPLANE GENERAL 179
3. APU SYSTEM 182
4. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 184
5. ENGINE 189
6. FIRE SYSTEM 193
7. FLIGHT CONTROLS 198
8. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS / WARNING SYSTEM 203
9. FUEL SYSTEM 210
10. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 213
11. ICE DETECTION / PROTECTION 216
12. LANDING GEAR 220
13. OXYGEN 225
173
Review Questions

CHAPTER 9. REVIEW QUESTIONS
AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1. What does the AMS provide?

 ECS (heating & cooling)
 Engine start
 Pressurization
 Engine and Wing Anti-ice
 Water pressure
 Hot air leak detection
2. The pressurization system consists of:

 Cabin outflow valve
 Static pressure port
 Negative pressure relief valve
 Positive pressure relief valve
 Cabin pressure Controller
3. What provides air for the AMS?

 Engine bleeds
 APU bleed
 External pneumatic source
4. What is external pneumatic air used for?

 ECS on the ground.
 Engine start on the ground.
5. Where is the external ground source panel located?

 Lower fairing between the wings.
6. What is the primary use for APU bleed air?

 ECS on the ground.
 Engine starting on the ground.
 Assist with engine start (< FL 210).
 Bleed source for pressurization, heating and cooling (< 15,000 ft MSL).
7. How many bleed regulating valves are in each engine?

 2 (1 high stage bleed valve and 1 engine bleed valve).
174
Review Questions

8. Where is bleed air tapped from the engine?

 6th and 10th stage compressors (EBV and HSV respectively)
 System alternates between valves to regulate an adequate and safe pressure.
9. How would an APU or Engine bleed button show a detected leak?

 An amber light illuminates on the button.
10. What does the Overheat Detection System (ODS) observe?

 Engine bleeds, packs (air conditioning ducts)
 APU bleed
 Plumbing for the wing and engine anti-icing system
 Trim air (rear cabin temperature control on certain Delta aircraft)
11. How many ECS packs are on the aircraft? What provides air for the pack?
 2 independent packs (left and right).
 Each engine provides bleed air to its respective pack.
12. Do the packs turn on automatically after takeoff if they are commanded off during the takeoff roll?
 Yes, after the takeoff phase
13. Can a single pack provide adequate temperature control and pressurization?
 Yes up to FL 310.
14. What is the maximum altitude for single pack operation?

 31,000 ft.
15. Where do the packs distribute air to?

 Pack 1 – Cockpit/Cabin
 Pack 2 – Cabin
16. Can a single bleed source power both packs?

 Yes, through the crossbleed valve.
17. How many recirculation fans recirculate air back into the cabin and flight deck?
 2
18. Which cargo bay(s) have ventilation fans?

 Forward
175
Review Questions

19. What cargo compartment(s) may we transport live animals? Why?

 Forward
 It has air recirculation.
20. Pushing out the RECIRC button turns off?

 Both recirculation fans
21. What keeps the 3 avionic E-BAYSs cool?

 FWD & MID E-BAY 3 fans each pull air from cabin to bay.
 AFT E-BAY Natural air-flow from cabin to bay.
22. The AFT E-Bay has no fans but is it cooled?

 Yes, from air flowing from PAX cabin and is expelled toward the recirculation bay.
23. Where does the CPC get Landing Field Elevation (LFE)?
 FMS or manual control on pressurization panel.
24. Can the APU bleed be used for the anti-ice system?
 No.
25. What happens when the XBLEED button on the panel is pushed out?
 It manually closes the crossbleed.
26. The DUMP switch is used for?

 Emergency evacuation
 Fast cabin depressurization
 Smoke evacuation
27. Will the DUMP button work when the pressurization switch is in the manual mode?
 No. It only works in AUTO mode.
28. Does the DUMP button work in Manual mode?

 No, only in AUTO mode but packs and recirc fans will shut down.
29. Why does the DUMP button have a red raised border around it?
 So you can find it in low visibility conditions in the cockpit.
30. The Outflow valve can be modulated ____________ or ______________?

 Automatically, Manually
176
Review Questions

31. The MAN mode position allows manual control of?

 Outflow valve.
32. How can you determine the position of the outflow valve?
 There is a pointer on the outflow valve position indicator on the environmental control system (ECS)
synoptic page on the MFD.
33. In the Manual mode, will the cabin depressurize on landing?

 No.
34. What are the DOWN/UP positions used for on the CABIN ALT selector knob?
 Manually closes/opens the outflow valve to decrease/increase cabin altitude
35. What is the LFE CTRL selector position on the pressurization MODE selector knob used for?
 Allows manual input of the landing field elevation.
36. Is the pressurization system still in the AUTO mode when LFE is entered manually?
 Yes.
37. How would you manually control the LFE?

 With the LFE selection knob momentarily selected to the DOWN/UP position will decrease/increase the LFE
in 100 ft. increments.
38. What color is the LFE on the EICAS?

 Green FMS input.
 Cyan Manual input (an M will be in front of LFE).
39. Where does the CPCS get cruise flight level & landing elevation?
 FMS before takeoff or CPCS calculates using ambient pressure.
 LFE may be manually inputted.
40. What does the ATTND position do on the PAX CABIN knob?
 Switches over the cabin temperature control to the flight attendant control panel(s).
41. How does the flight attendant know if the temperature setting knob allows him/her to adjust the temperature?
 An ENABLED led turns on whenever the pilot selects the ATTND position in the cockpit.
42. What is the first thing (First memory item) that should be done after a decompression?
 Don your oxygen mask.
177
Review Questions

43. What is the memory item for Cabin Altitude Hi?

 OXYGEN MASKS Verify ON, 100%
 CREW COMM ESTABLISH
178
Review Questions

AIRPLANE GENERAL
1. What does a white striped bar mean?

 Indicates it is not in its normal position.
2. What emergency equipment is located on the flight deck?

 Crash Axe
 Escape Rope (2)
 Flashlight (2)
 Oxygen masks (3)
 Life vests (3)
 Halon Fire Extinguisher
 PBE
3. What lights does the annunciator test button not check?

 Fire lights, GPU button, and Parking brake ON light.
4. How long will the emergency lights last once illuminated?

 Approximately 10 minutes.
5. How are the emergency lights powered?

 Four dedicated Emergency Lights Power Units (ELPU) with internal batteries.
6. When will the emergency lights automatically illuminate?

 Provided the switch is ARMED, when the airplane loses its electrical power.
7. What are 3 ways the emergency lights can be turned on or automatically illuminate?
 Electrical emergency, Flight attendant panel, or cockpit EMER LT switch.
8. Where is door information presented?

 MFD STATUS page.
9. When will the reinforced cockpit door latch automatically open?

 30 seconds after the EMERG ENTRY pushbutton is pressed if the INHIB pushbutton is not pressed.
10. What happens if the flight crew pushes the “INHIB” button?
 Inhibits the EMERG ENTRY command from the cockpit door control panel in the passenger cabin for 500
seconds (8 minutes 20 seconds).
11. Press and holding the cabin EMER ENTRY button for a short time initiates what?
 EMER entry in to the cockpit sequence starts.
179
Review Questions

AIRPLANE GENERAL
12. What is the purpose of the internal door handle vent flap?
 Relieves residual cabin pressure prior to opening the door.
13. What happens if a pilot selects EMER on the audio panel?

 A triple HI/LO chime sounds
14. What indication(s) are present to confirm whether or not the escape slides are armed or disarmed?
 Armed Red ARMED appears above the respective door handle.
 Disarmed Green DISARMED appears above the respective door handle.
15. Are door warnings provided for all doors and hatches in the pressurized vessel?
 Yes.
16. Will the escape slide deploy when opened from the outside?
 Not normally
17. What pressurizes the potable water storage tank?

 Engine or APU bleed air.
18. How many displays and instruments are on during initial aircraft power-up?
 DUs 2 & 3, IESS, Clock, MCDU 2, CCD 1, Audio Control Panels, Compass backlight, Guidance panel.
19. What is the width of the Embraer 170/175?

 170 & 175 – 85’ 4”
 175 enhanced wingtip – 93’ 11”
20. If not turned on in the MCDU when does the DVDR Flight data recording automatically operate?
 First engine start
21. What are you checking for when you press the DVDR test button?
 Honeywell: Press and hold the test button for 3 seconds and verify no fail messages displayed on EICAS.
 Universal: Press and hold test for 2 seconds. Verify no fail messages displayed on EICAS and observe the
following test result:
o FDR 1 and CVR 1 PASS/FAIL lights flash during 10 seconds. After 10 seconds the FDR 1 and CVR 1
PASS/FAIL light illuminate steady in green, indicating the completion of a successful test.
o After DVDR 1 test finishes, the DVDR 2 test will automatically start. Verify the following result:
o FDR 2 and CVR 2 PASS/FAIL lights flash during 10 seconds. After 10 seconds the FDR 2 and CVR 2
PASS/FAIL light illuminate steady in green, indicating the completion of a successful test.
180
Review Questions

AIRPLANE GENERAL
22. How many DVDRs are installed?

 2, 1 FWD and 1 AFT
23. Can the CVR be erased?

 Yes, when the aircraft is on the ground and the parking brake is set.
24. How many PBEs do we have?

 4
181
Review Questions

APU SYSTEM
1. What is the APU used for?

 Electrical and Bleed Air.
2. What monitors and controls the APU?

 Its own dedicated FADEC.
3. How are the batteries used for APU start?

 BATT 2 powers the APU START bus.
 BATT 1 powers the FADEC and EICAS for monitoring.
4. What is the fuel source for the APU?

 Right fuel tank.
 Left fuel tank through the crossfeed valve.
5. What fuel pump is used for APU start?

 Batteries ‘ON’ only DC fuel pump
 AC powered aircraft AC Fuel Pump 2
 Right engine running Ejector fuel pump
6. When does the APU electrical and pneumatic loading become available?
 3 seconds after the APU speed has reached 95%.
7. Will the APU shutdown automatically if the APU fails to start within the normal start cycle time period?
 Yes.
8. What does moving the APU selector knob to OFF do?

 Initiates normal APU shutdown
 1-minute cool down
 Pneumatics removed immediately and electrical power is removed after the 1-minute cool down
9. Can the APU pneumatics be used during the cool-down period?

 No.
10. Can the APU electrical power be used during the cool-down period?
 Yes.
11. If you need the APU 50 seconds into shutdown is there a way to get its use back?
 Yes, just turn the APU master switch back to ON.
182
Review Questions

APU SYSTEM
12. Can the APU shutdown be cancelled?

 Yes, by moving the MASTER switch back to ON before the 1-minute cool down is over.
13. How can the APU be shutdown immediately?

 APU EMER STOP button
 No 1-minute cool down period
14. When will automatic shutdown of the APU occur?

 Ground:
o All conditions
 Flight:
o Overspeed
o Underspeed
o FADEC critical fault
15. When do we get the red bar on the APU EMER STOP button?
 An APU fire is detected.
16. What happens when the APU EMER STOP button is pushed?
 The APU fuel shutoff valve closes and the APU will shut down with no cooling period. A white stripe
illuminates on the button.
17. Does the cool down period apply to the EMER STOP button to the APU?
 No.
18. What is the maximum altitude for operation of the APU bleed?
 15,000 feet
19. What is the maximum altitude for APU electrical?

 33,000 feet.
20. What is the maximum altitude for APU start?

 30,000 feet.
21. Up to what altitude may the APU assist in engine start?

 21,000 feet.
22. In normal operations on the ground with the APU running it would be normal to see the fuel unbalanced with less
fuel in which tank?
 Right tank.
183
Review Questions

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. How many networks make up the electrical system on the aircraft? Why?
 2 independent networks.
 Segregation and fault isolation.
2. What components power the AC system?

 2 Integrated Drive Generators (IDG)
 Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
 Inverter
 Ram Air Turbine (RAT)
 AC GPU receptacle
3. What components power the DC system?

 2 NiCad batteries
 3 Transformer Rectifier Units (TRU)
 DC GPU receptacle
4. What is the AC electrical systems priority?

 Onside (Respective IDG)
 Inside (APU generator)
 Outside (GPU if on the ground)
 Cross-Side (Opposite IDG)
5. Which AC source has priority, the APU or GPU?

 APU has priority and will automatically switch when the APU is up and running.
6. You receive the aircraft at the gate and it is powered by the AC GPU. You start the APU, once it is up and running,
how can you tell that the APU generator has automatically taken over the electrical load?
 AVAIL light on the GPU button, and MFD electrical page shows a green APU icon.
7. During “normal operation”, will a failed IDG de-power the respective AC BUS?
 No.
8. How many Display Units (DUs) come to life when you bring the Batteries on line? Which ones are they?
 2, DU 2 & DU 3
9. Can one IDG supply the entire electrical system?

 Yes.
184
Review Questions

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
10. What are the two lights next to the IDGs?

 Tells you which IDG must be disconnected and it’s associated with an EICAS message.
11. When would the amber IDG oil indicator light illuminate?
 High oil temperature, Low oil pressure (HOTLOP), or
 Annunciator test button.
12. What action is taken when an amber IDG oil indicator light comes on?
 Disconnect the associated IDG per the QRH.
13. If an IDG is mechanically disconnected can the flight crew reconnect it on the ground or inflight?
 No.
14. What is the primary purpose of the IDG’s?

 Supply AC power during all operations.
15. What is a TRU?

 Transformer Rectifier Unit
16. What is the purpose of the Transformer Rectifier Units?

 To convert AC to DC.
17. TRU transforms AC to DC, is there a way to change DC to AC?

 Inverter.
18. What is the purpose of the inverter?

 Converts DC to AC
19. Can the APU fully replace a failed IDG?

 Yes.
20. Does the APU generator have the same rating as the IDGs?
 Yes.
21. At the gate, ground power is connected. What does it mean when the switch says AVAIL?
 Voltage/Amperage/Frequency are within limits.
185
Review Questions

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
22. How is it known that an AC GPU is hooked up to the aircraft and ready to provide electricity?
 GPU buttons display AVAIL and the GPU icon is presented on the electrical synoptic page.
 Once the GPU button is pushed in, the button will display IN USE. Connects the AC GPU to the AC BUS TIE
according to source priority.
23. If the airplane is using the AC GPU and the APU is started what should the pilot be sure to do?
 Deselect the AC GPU button so the power can be connected the next time it is used.
24. What happens with the BATT 1 selector ON or OFF?

 ON: The battery is connected to the DC ESS BUS 1.
 OFF: The battery supplies power to HOT BATT BUS 1.
25. What will charge BATT 1 and BATT 2?

 Any AC power source.
26. Does turning the battery selector knobs to ON/AUTO cause the battery to power its respective Hot Battery Bus?
 No.
27. Name a few items on the HOT BATT BUSES?

 HOT BATT BUS 1 HOT BATT BUS 2
Engine Fire Extinguisher 1A & 2A Engine Fire Extinguisher 1B & 2B
Fuel Shutoff Valve 1 Fuel Shutoff Valve 2
Hydraulic Shutoff Valve 1 Hydraulic Shutoff Valve 2
Engine 1 Oil Level Indication Engine 2 Oil Level Indication
Courtesy/Service Lights FWD Refueling Panel
DC Ceiling Lights Water & Waste System
CMC
28. What happens when BATT 2 switch is OFF?

 OFF: The battery supplies power to the HOT BATT BUS 2.
29. Below what voltage would you have to call maintenance?

 21 volts.
30. Below what voltage must the batteries be charged?

 22.0 volts. Reference the SOP for appropriate charging time.
186
Review Questions

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
31. How many batteries are required for APU start? How are they used?
 2
 BATT 2 powers the APU Start Bus.
 BATT 1 powers the APU FADEC & EICAS for monitoring.
32. Is BATT 1 necessary to start the APU?

 Yes, BATT 1 powers the APU FADEC.
33. Why does battery 1 have ON but no AUTO setting?

 Battery 1 does not require automation during APU start.
34. Why does battery 2 have an AUTO setting?

 To allow it to power the APU START BUS.
35. What is the minimum battery temperature for APU start?

 -20°C on BATT 2.
36. For APU start how would you bypass a cold battery and what temperature is too cold?
 DC GPU and <-20°C
37. What is the purpose of the DC GPU receptacle?

 For APU start if battery 2 temperature is < -20°C.
38. Can the DC GPU charge the batteries?

 No.
39. When will the RAT deploy?

 Automatically deploys if AC BUSES are not powered.
 Manually by pilot (RAT manual deploy handle).
40. Is there an altitude restriction for operation of the RAT?

 No.
41. Will the RAT supply power immediately after automatic deployment?
 No, there is an 8 second delay during which time the batteries supply power
42. Is there a total power loss during the 8 seconds while the RAT deploys?
 No the batteries supply power.
187
Review Questions

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
43. Are the power ratings the same for the APU, IDG, and RAT?
 No, the RAT provides a lower power output.
44. When is the RAT icon displayed on the electrical synoptic page?
 When the RAT is deployed.
45. Can the remote electronic CBs in the forward E-bay be monitored?
 Yes, via the MCDU.
46. If you start an engine at the gate with the GPU, is the electrical system split? Why?
 Yes.
 IDG will power one side and GPU will power the other.
47. During an electrical emergency how long will the batteries last if the RAT doesn’t deploy?
 10 minutes.
48. What is available during an electrical emergency (batteries on during power-up)?

 DU 2 & 3
 Guidance Panel
 CCD 1
 MCDU 2
 Clock
 IESS
 Audio Control Panels
 Compass backlight
49. Whenever the electrical load increases beyond the system limit what happens?
 Load sheds galleys and the right windshield heating.
188
Review Questions

ENGINE
1. What happens when the ignition switch is selected to OVRD?

 Activates both igniters on the ground or in flight.
2. Can the igniters be turned off during flight?

 The switch may be moved to the OFF position but the FADEC disregards the command.
3. What controls the engine?

 FADEC.
4. What controls engine starting and provides hung start, hot start, and no light off protection?
 The FADEC.
5. Does the FADEC provide engine start protection?

 Only on the ground for a hot start, hung start, or no light-off.
6. Is there protection for hot starts or hung starts during an inflight start?
 No
7. How are engine thrust ratings controlled?

 By the FADEC.
8. What does the cyan line on the N1 gauge represent during approach? When does it appear?
 The minimum N1 for bleed requirements in icing conditions.
 Configured for landing when anti-ice is ON
9. How is the N1 limit indicated on the EICAS?

 It’s a red tickmark on the N1 gauge.
10. What sources are available for engine starting?

 APU
 Ground source (huffer cart or air bottle)
 Opposite engine
 Windmill start
11. Where is external air for an air start connected? Will the crew have any indication when external air is connected?
 Lower section of the wing fairing area.
 Duct pressure is shown on the MFD STATUS page.
189
Review Questions

ENGINE
12. What happens after 3 overspeed detection events within 30 seconds?

 FADEC will not re-light the engine.
13. What does WML mean on the engine indication?

 Windmilling engine
 The FADEC has detected a flame-out and the auto re-light system is actuating to restart the engine.
14. Where can the crew check engine oil quantity?

 On the MFD Status page.
15. What is ATTCS? What controls it?

 Automatic Take-off Thrust Control System
 Provides max thrust reserve (RSV) according to current rate previously selected via the MCDU on the T/O
Dataset page.
 ATTCS is controlled by the FADEC and is available on takeoff and go-around.
 The selection is made on the MCDU – TAKEOFF DATA SET MENU page and the indication is displayed on the
EICAS as follows:
o ATTCS label in white – system is armed.
o ATTCS label in green – system is engaged
 The engagement only happens when the thrust levers reach the TOGA SET position.
16. What will trigger an ATTCS event?

 N1 difference > 15% between engines
 Engine failure during takeoff or go-around
 Windshear detection
17. How can the pilot command RSV power?

 By moving the thrust levers to MAX position whenever the ATTCS is armed.
18. When is thrust reverse available?

 Weight-on-wheels (ground use only)
19. Thrust reverser must be stowed below what airspeed?

 60 KIAS
20. When is the thrust reverser displayed and what do the colors mean?
 Whenever the thrust reverser is not stowed.
 Green REV = Fully deployed
 Amber REV = In transition
 Red REV = Discrepancy between selected and actual reverser positions
190
Review Questions

ENGINE
21. What position must the thrust levers be in to enable the thrust reverser trigger?
 Idle
22. If the thrust lever is placed in the MAX REV position and then released, it does what?
 It is spring loaded back to the MIN REV position.
23. What happens if a thrust reverser inadvertently deploys?

 FADEC limits respective engine thrust to IDLE.
24. Can you deploy the thrust reverser on an engine that has failed on the landing roll?
 Yes, up to 30 seconds following the failure, then it is locked out.
25. What is a Flexible Thrust Takeoff?

 Reduced thrust takeoff based on assumed temperature.
26. What is the maximum flex allowed?

 25% reduction
27. If you input a flex of 34 then change it to 39 how will it affect your N1 target?
 It will drop your N1 target.
28. Use of reduced takeoff thrust procedures is not allowed on?

 Runways contaminated with standing water, slush, snow, or ice and are not allowed on wet runways unless
suitable performance accountability is made for the increased stopping distance on the wet runway surface.
29. Can you FLEX with windshear advisories in effect?

 No.
30. FLEX takeoffs are prohibited when?

 Runway is contaminated
 Windshear advisories are in effect
 Runway performance does not allow for FLEX power.
31. Does the use of “wet” runway analysis numbers take into account the increased stopping distance which occurs
on wet runways?
 Yes.
32. If you turn the START/STOP to STOP in flight will the engine shutdown?
 Not until the Thrust Lever is at idle.
191
Review Questions

ENGINE
33. If you turn the ignition to OFF in flight will the engine shutdown?
 No, FADEC disregards the ignition selector knob OFF position inflight.
34. When is a crossbleed start used and what happens?

 Used when the APU is not available, bleed air from one engine is used to start the other.
35. What happens to the bleed pressure during a crossbleed start?

 Bleed pressure will drop and does not require the thrust lever to be adjusted to maintain pressure.
36. Before applying takeoff thrust, allow the engines to warm up for a minimum of how many minutes?
 2 minutes
37. How long must an engine cool down prior to shutting it down?
 2 minutes
38. What are the EICAS Engine Limit Display Markings?

 Red – Maximum and Minimum Limitations
 Amber – Caution Range
 Green – Normal Operating Range
39. Memory item for ENGINE ABNORMAL START.

 #___ START/STOP…………………………….STOP
192
Review Questions

FIRE SYSTEM
1. What aircraft systems have fire detection and protection?

 Engines
 APU
 Cargo compartments
 Lavatories
2. Describe the fire test.

 Press and hold the test button for a minimum of 3 seconds, but not more than 10 seconds if the APU is
running or it will automatically shutdown the APU. Forward cargo compartment fan stops and the
ventilation outflow valve closes only when bleed air is being provided by the engines, or APU.
 Tests the cargo smoke detection, engine fire detection, & APU fire detection systems.
 Visual Indications (6, 2, 7)
o Overhead Panel (6)
 Fire Handle 1
 Fire Handle 2
 Cargo smoke (FWD) extinguisher button
 Cargo smoke (AFT) extinguisher button
 APU extinguisher button
 APU EMER STOP (top half of button)
o Glareshield (2)
 Master Warning light (left) WARN
 Master Warning light (right)
o EICAS (7)
 ENG 1 FIRE (CAS message)
 ENG 2 FIRE (CAS message)
 CARGO FWD SMOKE (CAS message)
 CARGO AFT SMOKE (CAS message)
 APU FIRE (CAS message)
 (Engine 1 ITT gauge)
FIRE
 (Engine 2 ITT gauge)
 Aural Warning (2)
o Fire Bell
o Triple Chime
 No FAIL fire detection/extinguishing system messages on EICAS.
3. Pushing the test button on the fire extinguisher panel in the cockpit will test which systems?
 Engine fire, APU fire, and Cargo smoke detection system.
4. What happens if you do a fire test with the APU running and you hold the test button for more than 10 seconds?
 APU will shut down.
193
Review Questions

FIRE SYSTEM
5. Are the cockpit and cabin protected from fire?

 Yes
 Cockpit 1 Hand-held fire extinguisher.
 Cabin 4 Hand-held fire extinguishers (2 FWD & 2 AFT).
6. How are the engines and APU protected from fire?

 Engines 2 fire bottles.
 APU 1 fire bottle dedicated to the APU only.
7. Can both engine fire bottles be used for one engine if needed?
 Yes.
8. How many fire extinguishing bottle shots do you have for the engines?
 2, A & B. Can be used for both in one engine, or one in each engine.
9. What happens when an engine fire handle is pulled?

 Closes the respective engine fuel SOV.
 Closes the respective engine hydraulic SOV.
 Closes the respective engine bleed SOV.
 Closes the x-bleed valve.
10. Does pulling an engine fire handle discharge the bottle?

 No.
11. Will the Fire handle work without power on the aircraft?
 Yes, Fire extinguisher, Hydraulic SOV, and Fuel SOV, are on the HOT BATT BUS.
12. After discharging one of the fire bottles into the engine after a fire indication the fire handle light extinguishes.
The EICAS message is still present, does the second bottle need to be discharged?
 Yes.
13. Describe the engine and APU fire detection system.

 Engine and APU monitored by two detector loops.
194
Review Questions

FIRE SYSTEM
14. What is an indication of an APU fire?

 Fire Bell and Master Warning triple chime
 Red stripe in the APU EMER STOP button
 APU FIRE EICAS message
 Master Warning Lights (2)
WARN
15. Will the APU automatically shutdown on the ground for a fire? In flight for a fire?
 On the ground, 10 seconds after APU fire detection and the EMER STOP button has NOT been pressed.
 In flight, no.
16. What happens if the APU EMER STOP button is pushed after a fire has been detected?
 APU shuts off immediately without a 1-minute cooldown
 APU fuel SOV closes
 APU FIRE EXTG button illuminates
17. What happens if the APU EMER STOP button is not pushed after a fire has been detected?
 After 1 minute the APU FIRE EXTG button illuminates.
18. What does it take for the APU fire extinguisher light to illuminate?
 APU EMER STOP button has been pushed in when an APU fire has been detected, or
 60 seconds after an APU fire has been detected and no pilot action has occurred.
19. When do we get the red bar on the APU EMER STOP button?
 APU fire is detected.
20. What is the importance of pressing the APU EMER STOP button before the APU fire extinguisher button?
 If the APU is still running, it would act as a venturi and suck all the halon overboard and waste your only
halon fire bottle.
21. What happens when the APU FIRE Extinguisher button has been pressed?
 APU fire bottle discharges, APU shuts down, and the APU fuel shutoff valve closes.
22. During flight can the low-rate bottle be discharged before the minute is up for the cargo compartment?
 Yes, by pushing the associated extinguisher button again.
195
Review Questions

FIRE SYSTEM
23. How can the low-rate bottle be discharged if the aircraft is on the ground (weight-on-wheels)? Will the low-rate
fire extinguisher bottle discharge automatically on the ground after 1-minute?
 Flight crew must push the cargo fire extinguisher button again.
 No. The flight crew must push the cargo fire extinguisher button again.
24. Can cargo fire extinguishing be used if no smoke is detected?

 Yes.
 Inflight – The extinguisher button must be pushed twice, first to arm the high rate bottle and 2nd to
discharge the high rate bottle. Then the low-rate bottle is armed and will automatically fire after 60 seconds
(2 pushes).
 Ground – The extinguisher button must be pushed 3 times, 1st to arm the high-rate, the 2nd time to fire the
high-rate bottle and arm the low-rate, the 3rd push fires the low-rate bottle.
25. What happens when a cargo fire extinguisher button is pushed if smoke has been detected?
 High-rate bottle discharges immediately.
 Low-rate bottle discharges after 1 minute if the aircraft is in flight
o If the aircraft is on the ground (weight-on-wheels) the low-rate bottle will NOT automatically
discharge. You must push it once to fire.
26. How many extinguisher bottles are installed for the cargo compartments?
 2 bottles used for both compartments.
 1 high-rate bottle (60 seconds) and 1 low-rate bottle.
27. What is the difference between the high-rate bottle and the low-rate bottle?
 High-rate bottle discharges immediately.
 Low-rate bottle protects the compartment for 75 minutes.
28. How long does the low rate bottle protect the selected cargo compartment for?
 75 minutes.
29. Can one bottle be used for one compartment and the other bottle for the other compartment?
 No. Only one compartment may be selected (FWD or AFT)
30. How are the lavatories protected from fire?

 1 fire extinguisher bottle located in each waste container that automatically discharges when the
temperature exceeds a certain limit.
196
Review Questions

FIRE SYSTEM
31. When the lavatory smoke detector is set off will the cockpit know which lavatory it is?
 No. We will get the generic LAV SMOKE EICAS message. The rainbow light in the cabin will show which
lavatory it is.
32. If smoke is detected in either lavatory, what are the indications?

 LAV SMOKE EICAS
 Aural alarm in lavatory will sound and the detector light will illuminate
 Flashing orange on the respective flight attendant rainbow light bar illuminates

WARN
33. Is there any fire extinguisher on this aircraft that works automatically?
 Yes, the one in the lavatory trash bins (1 fwd and 1 aft)
34. What are the memory items for SMOKE/FIRE/FUMES?

 OXYGEN MASKS…………….Verify……………………….ON, 100%
 CREW COMM…………………………………………………..ESTABLISH
35. What are the memory items for SMOKE EVACUATION?

 OXYGEN MASKS…………….Verify……………………….ON, 100%
 CREW COMM…………………………………………………..ESTABLISH
197
Review Questions

FLIGHT CONTROLS
1. What is the only primary flight control that is not FBW (Fly-By-Wire)?
 Ailerons
2. What are the 2 flight control modes of operation? If all systems are operating normally what will be the flight
control mode?
 Normal and Direct
 Normal mode
3. What is the difference between normal mode and direct mode?

 There are no higher level functions available in direct mode.
 The FCMs are removed in direct mode.
4. What do you lose when you go in to Direct mode?

 All the higher level functions for the associated flight control.
5. What are some examples of flight control higher level functions?

 ELEVATOR RUDDER
 Gain on airspeed Gain on airspeed
 Elevator thrust compensation Yaw Damp
 Angle-of-Attack (AOA) limiting Turn coordination
6. Can a FCM override a pilot input?

 No, the pilot always has supreme control
7. How does the Fly-By-Wire system work?

 The FCM units are connected to the ACE, providing digital inputs to the ACE which are combined with pilot
inputs.
8. Explain in general terms what the Direct mode is?

 The Flight Control Module (FCM) is removed from the control loop. The higher level functions of the
particular flight control are removed.
9. There are 3 Flight Control Mode guarded buttons. What happens when the button is pushed?
 Places the associated flight system into the direct mode or restores normal mode.
10. Will loss of airspeed data cause the flight controls to go into Direct mode?
 Yes.
198
Review Questions

FLIGHT CONTROLS
11. Can the Direct mode be selected by the pilot?

 Yes by pressing the FLT Control Mode button in.
12. Will the multifunction spoilers function in Direct mode?

 Yes.
13. Will the speed brakes/ground spoilers function in Direct mode?

 No.
14. With the spoilers operating in DIRECT mode, what multi-function spoiler modes are unavailable?
 Ground spoilers and speed brakes.
15. Is Angle of Attack Limiting available in Direct Mode?

 No.
16. What does hydraulic system 3 power?

 Essential flight controls (Elevator, aileron, and rudder)
17. What is the purpose of the Pitch Trim switch?

 To trim the airplane when the autopilot is off.
18. What is the priority for the trim system?

 1. Back-up, 2. Captain, 3. First Officer, 4. FCM (auto-trim) commands.
19. What happens when you select only half of either Pitch Trim switch on the control wheel or control pedestal for
more than 7 seconds?
 Switch is automatically deactivated and the aural warning “TRIM” triggers.
20. What will happen if using the backup pitch trim switch while the autopilot is engaged?
 Autopilot will disengage.
21. How are the flight controls trimmed?

 Roll & Yaw Ailerons and Rudder surface repositioned to a new neutral position
 Pitch Horizontal Stabilizer
22. What prevents aileron runaway trim?

 There is a 3 second timer that limits trim activation to no more than 3 seconds.
199
Review Questions

FLIGHT CONTROLS
23. What happens if the yaw or roll trim switches are held in position more than 3 seconds?
 The trim stops. The switch must now be released and then can be re-energized.
24. Which flight controls use electrical power instead of hydraulic power for actuation?
 Flaps, Slats, Horizontal Stabilizer
25. Which takeoff flap settings are approved?

 1, 2, and 4
26. What is the normal landing flap setting?

 5 and FULL.
27. What two flap lever positions provide identical flap and slat positions? What is the difference between Flaps 4
and Flaps 5?
 Flaps 4 and Flaps 5
 Flaps 4 inhibits the landing gear warning on landing
28. What are the normal go-around flap settings?

 If flaps 5 select flaps 2
 If flaps FULL select flaps 4
29. How many slat panels are on each wing?

 4, 3 outboard the pylon and 1 inboard the pylon.
30. How is roll controlled?

 Ailerons and multi-function spoilers (outer 3 spoilers on each wing).
31. When will the speedbrakes automatically close even if the lever shows deployed?
 Flaps ≥ 2 or Airspeed < 180 kts or high TLA.
32. What happens to artificial feel if flight controls are disconnected?

 Elevator – Artificial feel is felt at ½ the normal load.
 Ailerons – Captain will have normal feel while the FO will have no feel.
33. If the Captain and First Officer control columns are separated can they reconnect them?
 No, can only be manually reset by maintenance on the ground.
34. After a disconnect, the pilot of the non-jammed side retains control over which elevator?
 The on-side elevator
200
Review Questions

FLIGHT CONTROLS
35. What happens when the STALL WARNING SHAKER CUTOUT (1) or (2) button is pushed?
 Cuts out the associated shaker channel.
36. What happens when the stick shaker is activated?

 Control column authority is limited in the nose up direction.
37. What is the maximum flap extension altitude?

 20,000 ft.
38. What are the maximum flap operating speeds?

 Flaps 1 230 KIAS
 Flaps FULL 165 KIAS
39. What is the limitation regarding speed to extend the flaps?

 Every effort will be made to extend the flaps approaching green dot to green dot + 10, but in no case below
green dot, to optimize flap life and fuel consumption.
40. What are the flap limitations?

 Maximum altitude with flaps extended is 20,000’
 Enroute use of flaps is prohibited.
 Do not hold in icing conditions with flaps extended.
 The use of Flaps 4 during approach and landing is prohibited.
41. What is the memory item for JAMMED CONTROL COLUMN - PITCH?
 ELEVATOR DISCONNECT HANDLE PULL
42. What is the memory item for JAMMED CONTROL WHEEL - ROLL?
 AILERON DISCONNECT HANDLE PULL
43. What is the memory item for PITCH TRIM RUNAWAY?

 AP/TRIM DISC BUTTON PRESS & HOLD
44. What is the memory item for ROLL (YAW) TRIM RUNAWAY?
 AP/TRIM DISC BUTTON PRESS & HOLD
201
Review Questions

FLIGHT CONTROLS
45. What will interrupt the electrical PBIT?

 Any hydraulic pump running, Flight Control Mode Panel switch cycled, or the AC power source is
interrupted.
46. How long is the Power Up Built In Test (PBIT)?

 Electrical PBIT – Approximately 3 minutes
 Hydraulic PBIT – Approximately 1 minute
47. What is the GND PROX FLAP OVRD button for?

 Inhibits triggering flap alerts in case of landings where flap configuration is different from normal landing
flap configuration.
202
Review Questions

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS / WARNING SYSTEM
1. Which displays can be reverted? Which displays cannot be reverted?

 DU 2 and DU 4 (MFDs) can be reverted.
 DU 1 and DU 5 (PFDs) and DU 3 (EICAS) cannot be reverted.
2. Explain the AUTO functions of the REVERSIONARY panel MFD DISPLAYS MODE selector knob.
 Automatically reverts the MFD in case of display failure.
 EICAS failure Each MFD displays EICAS
 PFD failure Respective MFD displays associated side PFD
 MFD failure No auto reversion
3. Explain the PFD, MFD, and EICAS selections on the REVERSIONARY panel MFD DISPLAYS MODE selector knob.
 PFD Displays PFD information in the associated MFD
 MFD Displays MFD information in the associated MFD
 EICAS Displays EICAS information in the associated MFD
4. How many ADSs (Air Data Systems) are installed and how are they assigned?
 5
o ADS 1 – Captain, ADS 2 – First Officer, ADS 3 – Standby for Captain or First Officer, ADS 4 – IESS, ADS
5 – Flight controls
5. What happens if ADS 1 or 2 fails?

 ADS 3 automatically becomes the source, if ADS 3 fails, then the respective x-side ADS is used (i.e. ADS 1
reverts to ADS 2).
6. What happens if the ADS button is pushed?

 Reverts the ADS source.
o Respective onside ADS reverts to ADS 3.
o Respective onside ADS reverts to the x-side ADS if the button is pushed a second time.
o Respective onside ADS returns if the button is pushed a third time unless the respective side is
already failed.
7. What indication would you get when you push the ADS or IRS pushbutton?
 White striped bar illuminates on the button.
 Associated ADS or IRS source flag is displayed on the PFD.
8. The Air Data system is comprised of what components?

 4 - Air Data Smart Probes (ADSP).
 2 - Total Air Temperature (TAT) probes.
 3 – Air Data Applications (ADA)
203
Review Questions

9. Is there an automatic reversion for an IRS failure?

 No, it must be manually reverted.
10. What happens if the IRS button is pushed?

 Reverts the IRS source.
11. How many IRS do we have?

 2.
12. What is the primary flight instrument if both IRS’s fail?

 IESS
13. When does the EICAS automatic de-cluttering occur after takeoff?
 After landing gear retraction and flaps/slat retraction, if all parameters are displaying normal indications.
14. What does the EICAS FULL button do?

 IN: EICAS full information is presented.
 OUT: Enables auto de-clutter
15. What color is the course needle (CDI) when using the FMS, VOR/LOC, and x-side data?
 FMS Magenta
 VOR/LOC Green
 X-Side data Amber
16. The primary method of radio tuning is via the _______________; the backup method is via the______________?
 MCDU; CCD
17. What happens when you operate the Master Volume Control Knob on the ACP?
 Allows adjustment of the most recently selected audio.
18. What are the 4 message priority levels EICAS provides the crew?
 Warning (Red), Caution (Amber), Advisory (Cyan), Status (White).
19. What is checked when the T/O CONFIG button is pushed?

 Flap position Matches the FMS Takeoff page 2/2
 Parking brake OFF
 Pitch trim In the green band
 Spoiler panels Not deployed.
204
Review Questions

20. Does the T/O Config button check to see if both engines are running?
 No.
21. What do the colors presented by the EGPWS represent? And time until impact if applicable?
 Solid Red: Warning Terrain (Approximately 30 seconds from impact)
 Solid Yellow: Caution Terrain (Approximately 60 seconds from impact)
22. When should the GND PROX TERR INHIB button be pushed?
 To cancel unwanted terrain alerts in airports not covered by the EGPWS database.
23. When is the GND PROX GS INHIB switch used?

 To cancel unwanted glideslope alerts below 2,000 ft
24. When is the IESS powered?

 Battery 1 ON and Battery 2 AUTO
25. What type of approach is prohibited using the IESS?

 LOC BC
26. How long does the IESS take to align? What is important about this time?
 About 90 seconds.
 Do not move the aircraft during this time. If so, could cause inflight attitude indication errors that may not
be noticeable on the ground.
27. How is the pilot alerted during a Windshear encounter?

 Caution: Amber windshear flag on PFD / aural alert “CAUTION, WINDSHEAR”
 Warning: Red windshear flag on PFD / aural alert “WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR”
28. Will the autopilot deactivate during Windshear guidance?

 Yes.
29. How long will the Windshear alerting last?

 Until 1500’ AGL or clear of windshear.
30. What altitude does the FD provide windshear escape guidance?

 Below 1500 ft AGL.
31. Will the Windshear alerting system function if both radar altimeters and/or EGPWS are inop?
 No.
205
Review Questions

32. Will certain EICAS messages be inhibited during takeoff or approach and landing phases of flight?
 Yes.
33. What is FPA?

 Flight Path Angle is a pilot-selectable pitch attitude (in degrees) of climb or descent.
 FGCS adjusts thrust and pitch to maintain path angle and airspeed.
34. What does the TOGA button do?

 On ground Activates takeoff guidance crossbars
 In flight Activates Go-around guidance
35. What do the takeoff guidance crossbars give you?

 Maintain extended runway centerline
 Maintain pitch attitude based on appropriate configuration.
36. When is the TOGA mode deactivated?

 Another vertical mode is selected.
 Autopilot is activated.
37. When will the FD automatically display?

 TOGA button actuation
 Autopilot is activated
 Windshear detection
38. What is the function of the TCS button?

 Momentarily overrides the autopilot.
 Press and hold synchronizes FD with the current airplane attitude.
 When released, FD returns to the lateral and vertical selection when the TCS was pressed. With
ROLL/VS/FPA modes the FD maintains the airplane attitude when the TCS is released.
39. What main things will disengage the autopilot?

 Either AP/TRIM DISC button is pushed (normal method)
 AP button on the GP is pushed
 Any manual pitch trim is activated
 Stick shaker activated
 Windshear escape guidance is activated
 A pilot input contrary to the autopilot is made on the controls
40. Will the autopilot remain engaged in the event of an engine failure?
 Yes.
206
Review Questions

41. What is the minimum engagement height for the autopilot?

 400 ft AGL.
42. What is the Minimum Use Height (ILS approach) for the autopilot?
 50 ft AGL.
43. What is the Minimum Use Height (Non-precision) for the autopilot?
 MDA (DA)
44. Can the yaw damp be deactivated if the autopilot is on?

 Yes, it is independent of the autopilot.
45. FMS speeds may NOT be used when?

 When landing speeds are derived from a QRH non-normal procedure.
46. What is indicated by information that is displayed in green on the FMA and PFD?
 Non-FMS information.
47. What is SPDE? What modes use SPDE?

 Speed on Elevator, thrust is fixed and pitch is adjusted to maintain airspeed.
 FLCH, OVSP, and VNAV flight level change (FLCH magenta).
48. What is SPDT? What modes use SPDT?

 Speed on Thrust, thrust is adjusted to maintain selected airspeed.
 FPA, VS, GS, PTH, GP, ALT, ASEL
49. When is CRZ automatically selected?

 Leveled at the altitude set on the altitude preselector for 90 seconds.
 Airspeed is within 5 kts from the preselected airspeed.
50. What does LIM and OVRD mean on the FMA?

 LIM Autothrottle authority is not sufficient to achieve or maintain the selected airspeed.
 OVRD AT can be overridden by moving the thrust lever in any direction without causing its
disengagement.
51. What is the retard mode (RETD)?

 Thrust is reduced to idle during landing below 30 ft.
207
Review Questions

52. What does the SRC button do?

 Alternates between the Captain or First Officer FMA modes as source for the autopilot.
 Displayed as a green arrow.
53. What does the green arrow on the FMA indicate?

 The selected FMA source.
54. What is green-dot?

 Provides a margin of 1.3g over stick shaker speed.
 Drift-down speed.
 Does account for ICE, however it is invalid above FL200 with the ice EICAS message displayed.
55. What does the red AP/TRIM DISC button do on the yoke do?
 Disengages the autopilot.
 Stops any active trim command if button is pushed and held.
56. What does the PREV button do?

 The course lateral and vertical deviation can be previewed when FMS is the primary navigation source.
 Previewed navigation source will automatically transition as the primary navigation source when capture on
LOC mode.
57. What is the difference between APPR1 and APPR2?

 APPR1 – CAT I capable.
 APPR2 – CAT II capable.
58. When does the displayed speed transition from IAS to Mach?
 Approximately 29,000 ft.
59. When is the “Minimums” knob set to “BARO”?

 CAT I Approach.
60. When is the “Minimums” knob set to “RA”?

 ILS CAT II Approach.
61. When is Autotune available?

 Within 30 NM from the destination.
62. If the thrust levers are not set in the TOGA detent by 60 kts which EICAS message will present?
 TLA NOT TOGA.
208
Review Questions

63. What are the yellow boxes around the ADSPs? What is important about this area?
 RVSM critical area.
 No paint chips, dents, or damage allowed.
64. What are the two normal ways to disconnect the autothrottle?
 Pressing the AT button on the guidance panel
 Pressing the AT button on the thrust levers
65. What are the vertical modes of the flight guidance system?
 FLCH, VNAV, ALT, FPA, and VS.
66. What are the default autopilot modes?

 Roll, FPA
209
Review Questions

FUEL SYSTEM
1. How many fuel tanks does the aircraft have?

 2 integral fuel tanks (1 in each wing).
2. What makes up the fuel tanks?

 Collector tank in the inboard section and a surge tank located at the outboard section.
3. Where would the fuel system indications and parameters be displayed?

 On the MFD synoptic page and the EICAS.
4. What would be the indication of a fuel imbalance?

 An EICAS FUEL IMBALANCE caution is displayed when the imbalance reaches 800 lbs until the imbalance is
reduced to 100 lbs.
5. What’s the maximum fuel imbalance between tanks?

 790 lbs
6. What fuel level does the EICAS message FUEL IMBALANCE appear and when does it clear?
 800 lbs, 100 lbs
7. Can the aircraft be over wing refueled?

 Yes, by two gravity refueling ports, one on each wing.
8. Where is the refueling door located?

 Right wing.
9. Can you refuel the aircraft without APU/EXT power? How is the refuel panel powered without APU/EXT power?
 Yes.
 BATTERY: HOT BATT BUS 2
10. Where is fuel tank temperature taken from?

 Left tank
11. What types of fuel pumps are in each wing?

 1 Primary ejector pump
 1 AC Electric Pump
 1 DC Electric Pump (right tank)
 3 scavenge pumps
210
Review Questions

FUEL SYSTEM
12. What is the primary ejector pump?

 Venturi pump with no moving parts and no electrical power.
 Powered by respective engine motive flow.
13. With the engines running, through which pumps are the engines and APU fed?
 Primary ejector pumps.
14. What is the purpose of the AC fuel pump?

 Back-up pump, supplying fuel to the engine in the event of ejector pump failure or during engine start
 Supply fuel to the APU when the engine is not running
 Crossfeed operations
15. When will the AC fuel pump turn on automatically?

 Crossfeed operations
 Ejector pump failure
 Engine start
 APU operation
16. APU normally gets fuel from where?

 Right wing tank
17. How many ways to close the fuel SOV? What closes the engine fuel shutoff valve?
 1
 Pulling the associated Fire extinguisher handle.
18. Regarding fuel, what happens when the respective fire handle is pulled?
 Respective fuel SOV closes.
19. The DC fuel pump is located where and can be used for what?
 Is located in the right wing tank and can be used in flight and on the ground.
20. Why do we have a DC pump?

 Provides pressurized fuel for normal APU operation and engine start when AC power or the AC fuel pump is
not available.
21. What is the purpose of the scavenge pumps?

 Maintains fuel level in the collector tank.
22. What pump(s) is used once an engine is started?

 Associated primary ejector pump.
211
Review Questions

FUEL SYSTEM
23. What is the pump system logic for normal operations?

 Primary ejector pump
 AC pump
 DC pump
24. What is the purpose of the collector tank?

 Keeps the fuel pumps submerged.
 Ensures constant fuel flow to the respective engine.
25. When does the x-feed valve open automatically? Can fuel be transferred tank-to-tank or be dumped overboard?
 During refueling operations.
 No.
26. How would you correct a fuel imbalance?

 Position the crossfeed selector knob to the low side tank with LOW (1) (2) as required.
27. Explain how crossfeed works?

 Opens the crossfeed valve and automatically turns on the opposite AC fuel pump.
28. When must the XFEED selector be set to OFF?

 During takeoff and landing.
29. Will setting the AC PUMP (1) (2) selector knob to any position other than auto override the fuel crossfeed
commands?
 Yes.
30. What are the alternate means of measuring fuel on the ground?
 3 magnetic level indicators under each wing.
212
Review Questions

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1. How many hydraulic systems are on the airplane?

 3 independent systems
 HYD 1, HYD 2, and HYD 3
2. What systems use hydraulic power?

 Flight Controls
 Spoilers
 Landing Gear
 Nosewheel Steering
 Wheel Brakes
 Thrust Reversers
3. Can hydraulic fluid be transferred between each system?

 No
4. How many hydraulic pumps are on the aircraft?

 6 total: 2 EDPs (Engine Driven Pumps)
4 ACMPs (AC Motor Pumps)
5. How many electric hydraulic pumps are used for each system?
 Systems 1 and 2 have one each, and system 3 has two pumps.
6. The ERJ-170 hydraulic systems operate at what nominal pressure?

 3000 psig
7. How long after power-up before any hydraulic pumps should be turned on and why?
 3 minutes, to allow the flight controls to accomplish their built in test
8. What is the primary and back-up power source for each system?
 System 1 and 2: Engine driven pump (EDP) is primary and the AC electric hydraulic pump is the backup
 System 3: 2 AC pumps. AC pump A is the primary and AC pump B is the back-up.
9. When will AC Electric Pump 1 or 2 automatically activate?

 Ground
o Flaps > 0, and
 TL set to T/O, or
 Groundspeed > 50 kts
 Flight
o Engine or EDP failure, or
o Flaps > 0
213
Review Questions

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
10. Can we disable the engine driven hydraulic pump? What is the importance of this?
 No.
 If the SYS 1 or SYS 2 ENGINE PUMP SHUTOFF button is pushed in closing the hydraulic SOV the Engine Driven
Pump keeps working if the engine is spinning and the engine could get hot.
11. What happens when you push the SYS 1 and SYS 2 ENGINE PUMP SHUTOFF guarded buttons?
 Closes the hydraulic SOV, isolating the respective engine driven pump (EDP) from the associated hydraulic
system.
12. What is the PTU, how does it work and why?

 Power Transfer Unit
 Hydraulic pump in hydraulic system 2 driven by a hydraulic motor installed in hydraulic system 1.
 Assist the landing gear retraction or extension in the event of an Engine 2 or EDP 2 failure. (“Uses HYD 1
power to provide HYD 2 pressure”).
 No fluid transfer occurs.
13. Why do we need a PTU when the #2 electric pump is the backup to the #2 engine pump?
 Assists to retract the landing gear in the event engine 2 fails or the EDP 2 fails.
14. The PTU transfers hydraulic power from system 1 to system 2 to guarantee normal operation of which system?
 Landing Gear
15. Will the PTU operate on the ground?

 No.
16. What is the primary purpose of HYD 3 system?

 Back-up for the primary flight controls
17. Why are HYD ACMP 3A & 3B pump switch positions ON & AUTO respectively?
 HYD ACMP 3A pump is primary and has no automation
 HYD ACMP 3B pump is a back-up for ACMP 3A, and automatically activates if ACMP 3A fails when the pump
selector knob is in AUTO.
18. What is the purpose of the ELEC PUMP 1 and ELEC PUMP 2?
 ELEC PUMP (1) (2) is used as a backup for the respective Engine Driven Pump (EDP)
19. What does the ON position do on hydraulic systems 1 & 2 ELEC PUMP knob?
 Overrides the system logic and turns the respective electric pump on.
214
Review Questions

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
20. Which hydraulic pumps are automatically switched on for takeoff and landing?
 System 1 and 2
21. In an electrical emergency what provides hydraulic pressure to flight controls until the RAT comes on line?
 HYD 3 accumulator
 After 8 seconds the RAT will power ACMP 3A.
22. What, if any, HYD ACMP will function if the RAT is the only power source?
 HYD ACMP 3A only
23. Using RAT power if hydraulic pump 3A fails will hydraulic pump 3B operate?
 No. Because the hydraulic pump 3B will be unpowered using RAT power.
24. What are the items that are different on Hydraulic system 2 from Hydraulic system 1?
 Nosewheel steering
 Inboard brakes
25. The hydraulic PBIT will run when?

 All 3 hydraulic reservoirs are +10°C or above and the hydraulic system is pressurized.
26. What will interrupt the hydraulic PBIT?

 Moving the flight controls.
27. Hydraulic system 3 powers which flight controls?

 E – Elevator
 A – Ailerons
 R – Rudder
28. During cold weather operations, if PBIT countdown timer has reached 25 hours or less what is required after
shutdown at the arrival gate?
 Perform a hydraulic P-BIT test procedure.
29. When must a hydraulic warm-up be accomplished?

 First flight of the day at temperatures below -18°C.
215
Review Questions

ICE DETECTION / PROTECTION
1. What sources are used for aircraft anti-icing and de-icing?

 Bleed air heat, and electric heat.
2. What uses bleed air for ice protection?

 Engine cowls, 3 outboard slats (inner slats not heated).
3. What part of the engine is heated?

 Engine cowl.
4. What control surfaces are heated by the wing anti-ice system?

 3 outboard slats on each wing, not the slat inboard of the pylon.
5. Which panel(s) on the wing do not have ice protection?

 Slat inboard of the pylon.
6. What uses electric heat for ice protection?

 Pitot-Static system (ADSP’s, and TAT Probes)
 Windshields
 Water Lines (Water drain masts)
 Static port
7. What is heated at engine start?

 ADSP probes, TAT probes, water lines, windshields, and static port.
8. If an engine fails does the opposite wing and engine receive ice protection?
 Yes. The crossbleed valve opens and uses opposite bleed for both wings.
 The failed engine does not receive heat to the engine cowl.
9. How long will the engine and wing anti-ice system remain on after icing is no longer detected?
 2 minutes
10. What is the definition of icing conditions?

 SAT on ground/takeoff or TAT in flight is 10°C or below; and visible moisture is present, in any form, such as
clouds, fog or mist with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet and ice crystals; or when operating on
ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the
engines; or freeze on engines, nacelles, or engine sensor probes.
 SAT and TAT are only valid above 60 KIAS.
11. Can the APU be used to provide bleed air for de-icing?
 No.
216
Review Questions

12. Is the ice protection system automatic?

 Yes, under normal conditions
13. Can the pilot override the automatic ice protection system? How?
 Yes, Select the ICE PROTECTION selector knob to ON.
14. How many ice detectors does the aircraft have?

 2
15. If any ice accumulation is detected or suspected, and the ice detection system is not activating the ice protection,
what should the pilot do?
 Manually activate the system by selecting the ice protection mode selector knob to ON.
16. How can you tell if you’re picking up ice?

 Look at the wipers and around the window.
17. What happens if there is a single bleed source failure?

 The crossbleed automatically opens and uses opposite bleed for both wings.
18. What happens to the engine bleed valve with the loss of electrical power?
 The engine bleed valve is fail safe open.
19. Where do we set engine anti-ice?

 MCDU DATASET MENU
20. If ICING on the MCDU is set to OFF and the mode selector knob is set to AUTO, on takeoff roll icing conditions are
encountered, will the de-icing system turn on?
 Not until 1700 ft. or 2 minutes after takeoff (whichever happens first).
21. During taxi out and takeoff, the MCDU DATASET MENU must be set to ALL when?
 SAT is 10°C or below and icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
22. What does selecting ALL on the MCDU provide, & how long does the protection last if no ice is detected with the
ice mode selector knob in AUTO?
 Engine anti-ice ON when engines are running. 1700’ AGL or 2 min after liftoff whichever occurs first.
 Wing anti-ice ON with wheelspeed at 40 knots, 1700’ AGL or 2 min after liftoff whichever occurs first.
23. With the Ice Detection Mode Selector Knob set to AUTO and the T/O DATASET REF A/I set to OFF, the wing &
engine anti-ice is inhibited until when?
 The wing & engine A/I system is inhibited until 1700’ AGL or 2 minutes after liftoff (whichever happens first).
217
Review Questions

24. When would you use each MCDU DATASET MENU anti-ice option (ALL, ENGINE, OFF)?
 ALL: On ground during taxi and takeoff when icing conditions exist or are anticipated.
 ENG: Never use.
 OFF: No icing conditions present.
25. Are wings heated on the ground? At what speed do they heat?
 Yes, Only if anti-ice is ALL in the MCDU.
 Activates at a wheelspeed greater than 40 kts.
26. With the ice detection mode selector knob set to ON, when will the engine A/I ice system operate?
 Whenever the engines are running.
27. How should the engine anti-ice be set for taxi out and in? When does engine anti-ice turn on?
 Departure – MCDU set to ALL and the respective engine is running.
 Arrival – Mode selector knob is set to ON and the engine is running.
28. What is the maximum airspeed for windshield wiper operation?

 250 KIAS
29. What is the maximum airspeed if the windshield wiper is failed unparked?
 VMO/MMO
30. What happens if the wiper is operated on a dry windshield?

 Will not operate on a dry windshield.
 Wiper will remain inoperative until the selector is set to one of the 3 available speeds.
31. When there is only 1 AC source inflight how does it affect the windshield heating system?
 Left side is heated (right heats if left has failed).
32. Is there a test for the anti-ice system?

 Yes, but maintenance performs this test
33. When do we use the ice protection test selector knob?

 TEST function is a maintenance procedure.
34. Passing through 10,000 ft AGL after takeoff you see the EICAS A-I WING VLV OPEN, Why?
 The wing anti-ice system is testing itself.
218
Review Questions

LANDING GEAR
1. How is the landing gear extended and retracted?

2. When is the LG WRN INHIB switch used?

 To inhibit the landing gear warning in the event of a dual radio altimeter failure.
3. Can the landing gear aural warning be silenced by pushing the “LG WRN INHIB” button?
 Only if both radio altimeters have failed and flaps set 0-4.
4. What 2 situations can the landing gear aural warning not be silenced?
 SLAT/FLAP lever in the 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 position
o Radio altitude below 700 ft AGL, and
o Thrust lever is set below a pre-determined mid-range position
 Or, SLAT/FLAP lever in a landing position (5 or FULL)
o Regardless of thrust lever position and radio altitude
5. What are three landing gear extension modes?

 Normal: LG lever DOWN releases hydraulic pressure for the uplocks and retraction actuators.
 Electrical Override: Bypasses the PSEM and commands gear extension in the same sequence as normal.
 Alternate gear extension: Relieves hydraulic pressure in the lines and releases all uplocks, gear extends by
freefall (gear handle must be down to get 3 green on EICAS).
6. What is the purpose of the DN LOCK RLS button on the landing gear lever?
 Manually releases the landing gear lever lock if gear won’t retract on takeoff and terrain imminent.
 Lock protects against inadvertent landing gear retraction when weight-on-wheels.
7. Activation of the DN LOCK RLS button is prohibited for all takeoffs unless what?
 Unless it is required for obstacle clearance.
8. When would you use the Alternate gear extension procedure?

 If hydraulic pressure is not available for gear operation or the electrical system fails.
9. When would you use the Electrical Override switch?

 When the landing gear lever control box fails. Bypasses the PSEM and commands gear extension in the same
sequence as normal.
10. What keeps the gear locked in position?

 Extended Downlock springs
 Retracted Uplock hooks
219
Review Questions

LANDING GEAR
11. Describe the landing gear indications?

 Green Down and locked
 White Up and locked
 Amber In transit
 Red Gear position and lever disagreement (20 second grace period)
12. What does a red icon indicate on the landing gear position indicator?
 A discrepancy between the landing gear lever position and the respective landing gear position, or
 Landing gear kept in transit and is not locked in the commanded position.
13. How do the landing gear doors actuate?

 Mechanically, during landing gear extension or retraction.
14. How are the brakes commanded?

 Brake by Wire
 Electrically commanded and hydraulically activated
 Pedal position transducers send brake requests to the BCM (Brake Control Module).
15. What hydraulic system(s) provide brake pressure?

 Hydraulic system 1 Outboard brakes
 Hydraulic system 2 Inboard brakes
 Hydraulic system 1 & 2 Parking/Emergency Brake
16. What protections are provided for braking?

 Touchdown No braking until 3 seconds after WOW has sensed ground or > 50 kts wheelspeed.
 Anti-Skid Reduces wheel brake pressure in order to recover wheelspeed and prevent tire skidding
(inop < 10 kts)
 Locked-Wheel If a wheelspeed is 33% or below its associated paired wheelspeed, BCM commands zero
pressure to the brake of the slower wheel, allowing speed equalization (inop < 30 kts).
17. When is locked wheel protection deactivated?

 Wheelspeed below 30 kts.
18. How many full brake applications will the parking/emergency brake accumulator provide?
 6 full applications.
19. Can the parking brake be used to stop the aircraft if you lose hydraulics?
 Yes.
220
Review Questions

LANDING GEAR
20. When is the Anti Skid system deactivated?

 When the wheelspeed is below 10 kts.
21. Is anti-skid available when using the emergency parking brake?

 No.
22. How do you know that the parking brake is set?

 An ON light illuminates on the EMER/PRKG BRAKE light.
23. What disengages the rudder pedal steering?

 The activation of the nosewheel steering.
24. When is handwheel steering mode engaged?

 When handwheel steering is kept pressed.
25. When do you use handwheel steering mode?

 Low speed control
 Wider turn angle required
26. Which steering mode is used for high-speed control?

 Rudder pedal steering mode
27. How do you engage the nosewheel steering system?

 Nosewheel steering handle must be pushed down.
28. Which hydraulic system controls the nosewheel steering?

 Hydraulic system 2
29. How is nosewheel steering angle limit affected by wheelspeed?

 As wheelspeed increases steering angle limit decreases.
30. What conditions must be met for the autobrakes to engage during a rejected takeoff?
 Thrust levers IDLE or REV
 Wheelspeed above 60 kts
 Brake pedals not pressed
221
Review Questions

LANDING GEAR
31. How are the autobrakes disarmed?

 Selector switch set to OFF
 Pedal braking is applied
 Brake control system failure is detected
 Either thrust lever is advanced beyond IDLE during autobrake application.
32. What is the maximum gear extension, VLO, gear extended VLE, and gear retraction VLO speeds?
 250 KIAS
33. What is the maximum tire ground speed?

 195 knots
34. Do not takeoff with what color brake temperature indicators?

 Amber
35. What is the memory item for STEERING RUNAWAY?

 STEER DISC SWITCH PRESS
36. Turn radius for 180° turn?

 170 – 54’ 8”
 175 – 59’ 2”
37. What determines the minimum obstruction clearance path for each aircraft?
 Horizontal stab tip unless it is the 175 with extended winglets than it is the winglet.
38. How can you tell if the rampers left the steering disconnect switch on the ground service panel not in the down
and guarded position?
 During the after start check the Captain presses on the tiller. If the STEER OFF EICAS extinguishes the
rampers switch is down and guarded.
39. If the brake indicator pins are flush do we still have brakes left?
 Yes.
40. What indications do you need to be safe to pushback?

 Green towing light on the nose gear
 Parking brake ON light extinguished.
 STEER OFF EICAS displayed.
41. What conditions will give you a green towing light on the nose gear?
 Steering disengaged, parking brake not set and toe brakes not applied.
222
Review Questions

LANDING GEAR
42. What does the red guarded steering switch on the forward ramp panel do?
 Disengages nosewheel steering.
223
Review Questions

OXYGEN
1. Where can O2 pressure be read?

 MFD STATUS page.
 At the outside oxygen pressure gauge panel.
2. Where would you find the oxygen system parameters and indications?
 On the MFD STATUS page.
3. Do the cockpit crew and the passengers share the same emergency oxygen?
 No, the cockpit crew uses a single high pressure O2 cylinder and the cabin passengers use chemical oxygen
generators.
4. Once the chemical O2 generators are started can they be shut off?
 No.
5. What is the minimum O2 for a cockpit crew and color displayed?

 2 crew Cyan color.
 3 crew Green.
 No dispatch Amber.
6. What activates when the flight deck O2 masks are removed from their storage unit?
 Flow of O2
 Mask microphone (headsets deactivate)
 Flight deck speakers
7. What happens if the TEST/RESET button is pressed while the flight deck O2 masks are NOT stowed?
 Stops flow of O2
 De-activates the mask microphone (headsets activate)
 De-activates the flight deck speakers.
8. What type of oxygen will the quick-donning cockpit crew masks provide?
 Emergency Pure oxygen under positive pressure
 100% Pure oxygen at all altitudes
 Normal Oxygen/air mixture on demand (ratio depends on cabin altitude)
9. During preflight how would you know if the cockpit crew O2 has been overpressurized?
 The green(ish) blowout disc would be missing on the forward right side of the fuselage to the right of the
cargo door.
224
Review Questions

OXYGEN
10. What is the O2 duration for the following?

 Passenger O2 12 minutes
 PBE 15 minutes
11. When will the passenger O2 masks automatically deploy?

 AUTO on the Passenger Oxygen knob and cabin altitude between 14,000’ and 14,750’ MSL.
12. What happens with the PASSENGER OXYGEN selector knob in AUTO?
 Enables the automatic deployment of the passenger oxygen masks when the cabin pressure altitude is
between 14,000’ and 14,750’ MSL.
13. Can the O2 door dispensing units be opened manually if it fails to automatically deploy?
 Yes, by a Manual Release Tool (MRT) 1 located at each FA station.
14. Selecting the OVRD position on the PASSENGER OXYGEN knob will do what?
 Deploys the passenger oxygen masks regardless of cabin altitude.
15. What is indicated when the MASK DEPLOYED light is on?

 The passenger and flight attendant oxygen masks have been deployed.
16. How is passenger oxygen supplied?

 Individual chemical oxygen generators located in the passenger service units (PSUs), flight attendant
stations, galley areas, and lavatories.
17. What does the PBE provide?

 Pressurized O2 and protection from smoke, fumes, and fire for at least 15 minutes.
18. When the passenger O2 mask doors are automatically or manually commanded open what signs automatically
illuminate?
 FASTEN SEAT BELT and NO SMOKING (NO ELEC DEVICE) regardless of the switch position.
225

Republic Airline Legal Study Guide Overview

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Study Guide – E170/175

Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

TABLE OF CONTENTS AIRPLANE GENERAL

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (HONEYWELL)

1. CVR ERASE Button

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

1. DVDR CONTROL PANEL (UNIVERSAL)

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

1. IDG 1 and IDG 2 SELECTOR KNOBS

2. APU GENERATOR BUTTON

Integrated Drive Generator

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

3. IDG OIL INDICATOR

GROUND POWER UNIT

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

1. TRU 1 and TRU 2 TOGGLE SWITCH

TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT (TRU)

2. TRU ESS SWITCH

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

3. BATT 1 SELECTOR KNOB

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

POWER DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL

ELECTRICAL EMERGENCY (INITIAL POWER-UP)

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

4. COCKPIT LIGHTS Panel

1. MAIN PNL KNOB

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

5. ENGINE FIRE HANDLE

1. ENGINE FIRE HANDLE

Engine Fire Indication:

 WARN Master Warning lights on glareshield illuminate

Second Bottle discharge:

ENGINE FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

1. XFEED SELECTOR KNOB

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

7. PASSENGER SIGNS Panel

1. EMER LT SELECTOR KNOB

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

4. NO ELEC DEVICES / NO SMKG SWITCH

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

8. FIRE EXTINGUISHER Panel

1. FWD/AFT CARGO FIRE DETECTION/EXTINGUISHER BUTTON (Guarded)

Cargo Compartment Logic

Cargo Compartment Fire WITHOUT Message

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Quick Study Guide – E170/175

Cargo Fire Extinguisher Bottles

CARGO COMPARTMENT SMOKE DETECTION

2. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM TEST BUTTON (Momentary position)

LAVATORY SMOKE DETECTION AND FIRE PROTECTION