Trenzado

en Paja de
Trigo
Investigación sobre
topologías y técnicas

Camila Andrea Campos Leiva

Carolina Belén González Fernández
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso.
Escuela de Arquitectura y Diseño.
Diseño Industrial.

Profesor Guía: Sr. Juan Carlos Jeldes Pontio.

Octubre 2018.


 Agradecimientos
Generales

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FLyQ\ILQDOPHQWHDQXHVWUDIDPLOLDTXHQRVDSR\D\QRVDSR\y
VLHPSUH


 Agradecimientos Personales

Camila
$WRGDPLIDPLOLD/LDPLPDPi/9LFWRUPLSDSi\(GXDUGRPL
KHUPDQRSRUVLHPSUHDSR\DUPHWHQHUPHSDFLHQFLD\GDUPHODV
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7DPELHQDJUDGHFHUDPLWLD*LQD\PLDEXHODSRUVHUJUDQGHVSHU
VRQDVTXHPHDFRPSDxDQVLHPSUH$PLVDPLJDV\FRPSDxHUDV
&DUROLQDSRUVHUODPHMRUDPLJD\FRPSDxHUDGHWtWXOR&DWDOLQD
9HUJDUD\0DUFHOD%UDYRSRUDSR\DUPHVLHPSUH\VDFDUPH
VRQULVDV'DUJUDFLDVWDPELpQDWRGDVDTXHOODVSHUVRQDVTXH
KDQLGR\YHQLGRSHURTXHGHMDURQVXPDUFDHQPt\ILQDOPHQWH
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SDFLHQFLDDEVROXWDTXHPHKDQDSR\DGRVLHPSUH

Carolina
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&DUPHQSRUWRGRVXHVIXHU]RSHUVHYHUHQFLD\DPRUGXUDQWH
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\%iUEDUDSRUVRSRUWDUPH\DSR\DUPHDPLIDPLOLD5HQJXLQD
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DPLWtD0yQLFDD&DWDOLQD\$GULiQSRUGDUPHDFRJLGD\GHDOJX
QDPDQHUDKDFHUTXHPHVLQWLHUDFRPRHQFDVDDPLVDPLVWDGHV
GH5HQJR/RGH/RERV\9DOSDUDtVRSRUOOHQDUPHGHDOHJUtDVHQ
PRPHQWRVGHFULVLV\DQJXVWLDDPLV&&&0&DWDOLQDV&DPLOD\
0DUFHODDPLSHUVRQLWDHVSHFLDOSRUVXDPRU\FRPSUHQVLyQ\
ILQDOPHQWHDWRGRDTXHOTXHVHKD\DSUHVHQWDGRHQPLYLGDDSRU
WDQGRFRQXQJUDQLWRGHDUHQDGXUDQWHHVWHODUJRSURFHVR


Índice de Contenidos
Trenzado en paja de Trigo

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Índice de imágenes

Imagen 1 (QVDPEOH 3iJ

Imagen 2 5RVD6RWROLPSLDQGRODQD 3iJ
Imagen 3 0DUtD5H\HV 3iJ
Imagen 4 =DLGD0XxR] 3iJ
Imagen 5 'HERUD9LGDO 3iJ
Imagen 6 0DQXHO0ROLQD 3iJ
Imagen 7 3HGUR7REDU 3iJ
Imagen 8 5RVD6RWR 3iJ
Imagen 9 ÈOYDUR0XxR] 3iJ
Imagen 10 7UHQ]D*UXHVD 3iJ
Imagen 11 &XFKLOOR3DUURQLQR 3iJ
Imagen 12 /DQD7HxLGD 3iJ
Imagen 13 0RQWXUDGHFDEDOOR 3iJ
Imagen 14 /RFDOL]DFLyQDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDV9,5HJLyQ 3iJ
Imagen 15 *DYLOODVGHWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 16 $JULFXOWRUHVVHJDQGRHOWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 17 /DVLHJD 3iJ
Imagen 18 +RPEUHVVHJDQGR 3iJ
Imagen 19 (0SDUYDGR 3iJ
Imagen 20 3UHSDUDFLyQJDYLOOD 3iJ
Imagen 21 *DYLOODVWHUPLQDGDV 3iJ
Imagen 22 7UDVODGRJDYLOODV 3iJ
Imagen 23 5HIULJHJRGHOWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 24 'HVFDSXOODGRGHOWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 25 'HVFDSXOODGRGHOWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 26 'HVFDSXOODGRJUXSDO 3iJ
Imagen 27 0RMDGRGHWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 28 7UHQ]DGR 3iJ
Imagen 29 7UHQ]DGR 3iJ
Imagen 30 5HPRMDGRGHOWULJR 3iJ
Imagen 31 6HFDGRGHOWULJR 3iJ


Imagen 32 7XVDGR 3iJ
Imagen 33 (QUUROODGR 3iJ
Imagen 34 (VWLUDGR 3iJ
Imagen 35 7UHQ]DV 3iJ
Imagen 36 7UHQ]DGR 3iJ
Imagen 37 7UHQ]DVGHGLVWLQWRFDOLEUH 3iJ
Imagen 38 &DOLEUHVGHSDMD 3iJ
Imagen 39 &KXSDOODHQXVR 3iJ
Imagen 40 &KXSDOODVHPLILQD 3iJ
Imagen 41 &RVWXUHDGRGHODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Imagen 42 &RVWXUHDGRGHODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Imagen 43 &KXSDOODHQXVR 3iJ
Imagen 44 &ODVLILFDFLyQWUHQ]DV 3iJ
Imagen 45 7UHQ]DGRUDGH1LQKXH 3iJ
Imagen 46 7UHQ]DGRUDGH1LQKXH 3iJ
Imagen 47 &DOLEUHGHSDMD 3iJ
Imagen 48 'HWDOOHFRVWXUDGHODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Imagen 49 (FXDFLyQGHODHVFDODGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Imagen 50 (FXFDFLyQSDUDPHWUL]DFLyQGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Imagen 51 &RODSVRGHODWUHQ]DGHGLDULR 3iJ
Imagen 52 7UHQ]DVGHGLVWLQWRPDWHULDO 3iJ
Imagen 53 7HMLGRKLSHUEyOLFR 3iJ
Imagen 54 3RPSDVGHMDEyQ 3iJ
Imagen 55 0iTXLQDGHFRVHU6LQJHUXVDGD 3iJ
Imagen 56 0iTXLQDGHFRVHUSURPHVH 3iJ
Imagen 57 0LQLPiTXLQDGHFRVHU$UHVSDUN 3iJ
Imagen 58 0iTXLQDGHFRVHU7R\RWD6XSHUMHDQV- 3iJ
Imagen 59 0iTXLQD6LQJHUWLSR]DSDWHUR 3iJ
Imagen 60 0iTXLQD6LQJHUWLSRFRP~Q 3iJ
Imagen 61 6HJXQGDSUXHEDGHFRVWXUHDGR 3iJ
Imagen 62 3ULPHUDVSUXHEDVDPiTXLQDGHFRVHU 3iJ
Imagen 63 'HWDOOHGHFRVWXUHDGRHQPiTXLQDGHFRVHU 3iJ
Imagen 64 0RGLILFDFLyQPiTXLQD 3iJ
Imagen 65 0RGLILFDFLyQPiTXLQD 3iJ
Imagen 66 2EVHUYDFLyQDFWRGHODFRVWXUD 3iJ


Imagen 67 2EVHUYDFLyQDFWRGHOFRVWXUHDU 3iJ
Imagen 68 2EVHUYDFLyQDFWRGHOFRVWXUHDU 3iJ
Imagen 69 &DOLEUHVGHSDMD 3iJ
Imagen 70 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 71 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 72 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 73 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 74 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 75 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 76 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 77 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 78 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 79 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 80 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 81 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 82 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 83 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 84 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 85 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 86 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 87 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 88 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 89 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 90 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 91 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 92 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 93 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 94 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 95 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 96 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 97 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 98 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 99 (;3 3iJ
Imagen 100 2EVHUYDFLRQHVOX]\VRPEUDHQHVSDFLRVKDELWDGRV 3iJ
Imagen 101 2EVHUYDFLRQHVOX]\VRPEUDHQHVSDFLRVKDELWDGRV 3iJ


Imagen 102 2EVHUYDFLRQHVOX]\VRPEUDHQHVSDFLRVKDELWDGRV 3iJ
Imagen 103 3UR\HFFLyQGHXVRSULPHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 104 3UR\HFFLyQGHXVRSULPHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 105 0DTXHWDHVWUXFWXUDSULPHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 106 3ODQRVHVWUXFWXUDVHJXQGRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 107 3UXHEDVGHVHJXQGRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 108 3UR\HFFLRQHVGHXVRWHUFHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 109 0RPHQWRGHDSHUWXUDGHWHUFHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 110 'HWDOOHGHYtQFXORGHWHUFHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 111 3ODQRVGHYtQFXORVGHWHUFHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 112 'HWDOOHFRQVWUXFWLYRGHWHUFHUHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 113 'HWDOOHGHWUDPDV 3iJ
Imagen 114 6RPEUDVJHQHUDGDVSRUODWUDPD 3iJ
Imagen 115 (VWUXFWXUDGHHQVD\RILQDO 3iJ
Imagen 116 3ODQRVGHODHVWUXFWXUDGH~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 117 9LVWDLVRPpWULFD~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 118 0RYLPLHQWRHVWUXFWXUD~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 119 0RPHQWR~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 120 'HWDOOHHVWUXFWXUD~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 121 'HWDOOHHVWUXFWXUD~OWLPRHQVD\R 3iJ
Imagen 122 /iPSDUD$NDUL 3iJ
Imagen 123 7LSRORJtDGHOiPSDUDV 3iJ
Imagen 124 3URFHVRLOXVWUDGROiPSDUD$NDUL 3iJ
Imagen 125 3URFHVRLOXVWUDGROiPSDUD$NDUL 3iJ
Imagen 126 3URFHVRLOXVWUDGROiPSDUD$NDUL 3iJ
Imagen 127 /iPSDUD$NDULWHUPLQDGD 3iJ
Imagen 128 6RPEUHUR3DQDPi 3iJ
Imagen 129 &ROODUKHFKRSRU0DUWD0RUULVRQ 3iJ
Imagen 130 7UHQ]DGRUDV 3iJ
Imagen 131 &LQWXURQHVWUHQ]DGRVGH&XWHPX 3iJ
Imagen 132 3ULPHUDYLVLWDDDUWHVDQDVWUHQ]DGRUDV 3iJ
Imagen 133 3ULPHUDYLVLWDDDUWHVDQDVWUHQ]DGRUDV 3iJ
Imagen 134 3ULPHUDYLVLWDDDUWHVDQRHQFDFKRGHEXH\ 3iJ
Imagen 135 3ULPHUDYLVLWDDDUWHVDQRWDODEDUWHUR 3iJ
Imagen 136 3ULPHUDYLVLWDDDUWHVDQDKLODGRUD 3iJ


Imagen 137 6HJXQGDVDOLGDDWHUUHQR5DQFDJXD 3iJ
Imagen 138 7HUFHUD6DOLGDDWHUUHQR6DQWD&UX] 3iJ
Imagen 139 'LVWLQWDVPDQHUDVGHXVDUODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Imagen 140 'LVWLQWDVPDQHUDVGHXVDUODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Imagen 141 0XHVWUDVGHWUHQ]D 3iJ
Imagen 142 &XDUWDVDOLGDDWHUUHQR9DOSDUDtVR 3iJ
Imagen 143 7UHQ]DGXUtD9LxD6$, 3iJ
Imagen 144 4XLQWDVDOLGDDWHUUHQR9LxDGHO0DU 3iJ
Imagen 145 ([SRVLWRUDVµµ([SHULHQFLDGHXQRILFLRVLWXDGR¶¶ 3iJ
Imagen 146 5HJLVWURZRUNVKRSGHWUHQ]DGR 3iJ
Imagen 147 5HJLVWURFKDUODµµ([SHULHQFLDGHXQRILFLRVLWXDGR¶¶ 3iJ
Imagen 148 (QWUHJDGHGLSORPDVDH[SRVLWRUDV 3iJ
Imagen 149 5HJLVWURGHWUHQ]DGRHQZRUNVKRS 3iJ
Imagen 150 3DUWLFLSDQWHVZRUNVKRS 3iJ
Imagen 151 3DUWLFLSDQWHVZRUNVKRS 3iJ


Índice de Tablas

Tabla 1 &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOWULJR/LJ~Q 3iJ

Tabla 2 &KXSDOODVUHJLVWUDGDVHQOD]RQDFHQWUDOGH&KLOH 3iJ
Tabla 3 1RPEUHGHWUHQ]DGRUDVGHO9DOOHGH&ROFKDJXD 3iJ
Tabla 4 &DWDVWURGHDJULFXOWRUHVGHO9DOOHGH,WDWD 3iJ
Tabla 5 &DWDVWURGHFROFKDQGHUDVGHO9DOOHGH,WDWD 3iJ
Tabla 6 &DWDVWURGHFKXSDOOHURVGHO9DOOHGH,WDWD 3iJ
Tabla 7 6LWXDFLyQGHPRJUiILFD9,5HJLyQ 3iJ
Tabla 8 &OLPD\WHUULWRULRGHOD9,5HJLyQ 3iJ
Tabla 9 &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHWUHQ]DV 3iJ
Tabla 10 'HWDOOHGHYDORUHVGHODHVFDODGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Tabla 11 9DORUHVGHODSDUDPHWUL]DFLyQGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Tabla 12 &RWL]DFLyQFRPSUDGHWUHQ]DV 3iJ
Tabla 13 &RPELQDFLRQHVGHSDUiPHWURV 3iJ
Tabla 14 &RPELQDFLRQHVGHSDUiPHWURV 3iJ
Tabla 15 &RPELQDFLRQHVGHSDUiPHWURV 3iJ
Tabla 16 3ODQGHDFFLyQ 3iJ
Tabla 17 ÈUEROGHYDULDEOHV 3iJ
Tabla 18 ([SHULPHQWDFLyQFDSDFLGDGHVGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Tabla 19 ([SHULPHQWDFLyQFDSDFLGDGHVGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ


Índice de Esquemas

Esquema 1 (OHPHQWRVWDOOHUHV$FRQFDJXD)DE/DE 3iJ

Esquema 2 0RGHORGHWDOOHUHVGHWUDQVIHUHQFLDWHFQROyJLFD 3iJ
Esquema 3 &DGHQDGHIDEULFDFLyQGHODWUHQ]DHQSDMD 3iJ
Esquema 4 &DGHQDGHIDEULFDFLyQGHOFXFKLOOR3DUURQLQR 3iJ
Esquema 5 &DGHQDGHIDEULFDFLyQGHODODQDWHxLGD 3iJ
Esquema 6 &DGHQDGHODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Esquema 7 3UREDELOLGDGGHGHSHQGHQFLDGHODVWUHQ]DGRUDV 3iJ
Esquema 8 'HWDOOHFRVWXUDGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 9 'HWDOOHGHPyGXORTXHFRPSRQHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 10 0yGXORTXHFRPSRQHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 11 (MHPSORGHIUDFWDOLGDG 3iJ
Esquema 12 6HPLHMHVGHODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Esquema 13 9LVWDVXSHULRUUHFRUULGRGHODWUHQ]DHQODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Esquema 14 5HFRUULGRGHODWUHQ]DHQODFKXSDOOD 3iJ
Esquema 15 'HJORVHHQ% 3iJ
Esquema 16 $OJRULWPRGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 17 *HQHUDGRUGHUHODFLRQHVGHODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 18 0RYLPLHQWRVGHODOH\GHUHLGHPHLVWHU 3iJ
Esquema 19 /H\GHUHLGHPHLVWHUDSOLFDGRVDODWUHQ]D 3iJ
Esquema 20 7UDQVIRUPDFLyQGHXQSODQRUHFWDQJXODUDXQWRUR 3iJ
Esquema 21 )LFKDVGHFODVLILFDFLyQ 3iJ
Esquema 22 0HGLGDSLH]DGHXQLyQ 3iJ
Esquema 23 3UR\HFFLyQGHWUDPD 3iJ
Esquema 24 0RPHQWR\GHHVWUXFWXUDHQVD\RILQDO 3iJ
Esquema 25 &RPRDERUGDUODVPDWHPiWLFDV 3iJ
Esquema 26 (OHPHQWRVTXHULJHQXQDHGXFDFLyQSHUVRQDOL]DGD 3iJ


Índice de Gráficos

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Gráfico 2 GHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVWUHQ]DGRUDV 3iJ
Gráfico 3 GHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOKHUUHURÈOYDUR0XxR] 3iJ
Gráfico 4 GHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODKLODGRUD5RVD6RWR 3iJ
Gráfico 5 GHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOWDODEDUWHUR3HGUR7REDU 3iJ
Gráfico 6 3URGXFWRLQWHUQREUXWRSRUDFWLYLGDGHFRQyPLFD 3iJ
Gráfico 7 'LVWULEXFLyQGHDUWHVDQRVHQOD9,5HJLyQ 3iJ


Prólogo
Profesor Juan Carlos Jeldes Pontio
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 Génesis de la investigación:
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PDWHULDSULPD\HVFDVH]GHORVPLVPRVIDEULFDGRUHVGHFKXSDOOD )DEULFDGDFRQWUHQ]DGHSDMDJUXHVDFRVWXUHDGD\PROGHDGD
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El ideal de la trenza: la ley de la chupalla 
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La Trenza
En cuanto a sus cualidades
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En cuanto a la selección de la paja
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En cuanto a su calidad
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En cuanto al porqué se usa este tipo de sombrero
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En cuanto algunos tipos de sombreros trenzados
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En cuanto al costo y su relación con el trabajo
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Catastro de chupalleros en la región Tabla comparativa

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José Parra Ninhue
Ismael Palma Ninhue
Francisco Montecinos Ninhue
Jaime Barrera Ninhue
Francisco Herrera Quirihue


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WDQFLDOHV/DVWUHQ]DGRUDVTXHYLYHQHQORVVHFWRUHVPiVDLVOD
GRVGHSHQGHQGHPRGRGUDPiWLFRGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFRPSUD
LPSXHVWDVSRUORVLQWHUPHGLDULRV
1RWHQLHQGRRWUDDOWHUQDWLYDGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQHVWDVWUHQ]DGR
6HJ~QXQHVWXGLRGHOD)DFXOWDGGHDJURQRPtDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG
GH&KLOHHQWUH7UHKXDFR4XLULKXH\1LQKXHHOGHODSREOD
FLyQYLYHHQHOPXQGRUXUDOHVGHFLUGHSHQGHGHODDJULFXOWXUD
GHHVWDODPD\RUtDGHODVPXMHUHVVDEHQWUHQ]DU(VWRKDFH
TXHVHJHQHUDXQJUDQPHUFDGRGHODFXHOFKD\GHODFKXSDOOD
$GHPiVWHUULWRULRVFRPR1LQKXHDGLIHUHQFLDGH&XWHPXVH
HQFXHQWUDQGLUHFWDPHQWHFRPXQLFDGRVFRQODDXWRSLVWDFHQWUDO
DWUD\HQGRDFRPSUDGRUHV\WXULVWDVHQPD\RUFDQWLGDG
/RDQWHULRUHVXQRGHORVIDFWRUHVEHQHILFLRVRVSDUDVXRILFLR
ODVFROFKDQGHUDVTXHHVWiQXELFDGDVHQ]RQDVPiVFpQWULFDVR
WLHQHQRWURVQH[RV\YtDVSDUDFRPHUFLDOL]DUGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQORV
FKXSDOOHURVTXHWLHQHQLQJUHVRVPXFKRPHMRUHV
UDVRVHVWiQREOLJDGDVDYHQGHUDOSUHFLRRIHUWDGRSRUHOFRPSUD
GRUTXHOOHJDKDVWDVXFDVD(OQHJRFLRGHHVWRV~OWLPRVFRQVLVWH
HQUHEDMDUDOPi[LPRODRIHUWDSRUODFRPSUDGHOSURGXFWRSDUD
DVtREWHQHUPD\RUPDUJHQGHXWLOLGDGFXDQGRYHQGHQHOPLVPR
SURGXFWRDORVFKXSDOOHURV

VIII Región: Biobío

Transporte
([WHQVLyQGHODUHGFDPLQHUDSRUWLSRGHFDPLQR
3DYLPHQWRKRUPLJyQNP
3DYDVIDOWRNP
5LSLDGRHVWDELOL]DGRNP
7LHUUDNP


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GHDEDMRKDFLDDUULEDDGLIHUHQFLDGH
WUHQ]DGRUDVGH&XWHPXTXHORKDFHQDO
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WULJR´KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"
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'XUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHOLPSLH]DODVFROFKDQGHUDVOLPSLDQ
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WDQWHVLQ\DQDGDGHKLHUEDVHJROSHDFRQWUDXQDPHVD
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WULJR´KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y 5E%;Q57.$


La trenza, su parametrización
y observaciones

/DWUHQ]DDSHVDUGHSDUHFHUXQHOHPHQWRVLPSOHHVPX\FRPSOH
MDSDUWLHQGRSRUVXHVWUXFWXUDTXHHVWiFRQIRUPDGDSRUKHEUDV
TXHVHYDQDFRPRGDQGRVHJ~QODIRUPDTXHVHOHYDGDQGR
HVSRUHVWRVpTXHGHFLGHHVWXGLDUDIRQGRODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
PRUIROyJLFDVGHODWUHQ]D\ODSDMD$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHPRVWUDUi
XQDUHFRSLODFLyQGHGDWRVGHODWUHQ]DSDUDOXHJRGDUSDVRDXQ
HVWXGLRItVLFRGHpVWD

Tabla 9: Detalle de la características de los tres tipos de trenzas identificados para este estudio, Gruesa, semifina y Fina.

7LSR *UXHVD 6HPLILQD )LQD

'LPHQVLRQHV$OWR[/DUJR[$QFKR [[FP [[FP [[FP
3HVRSRUFP JU JU JU
&DOLEUHSDMDQRDFKDWDGD FP FP FP
&DOLEUHSDMDDFKDWDGD FP FP FP
&DQWLGDGGHSDMDSDUDWHMLGR   
7LHPSRGHIDEULFDFLyQKRUDVSRUGtD KRUDV[P KRUDV[P KRUDV[P
PLQ[FP PLQ[FP PLQ[FP
7HxLGR 9DULDGR 9DULDGR 9DULDGR
3UHFLRGDGRSRUWUHQ]DGRUDVUHODWLYR [P [P [P
(VSHVRU FP FP FP

5HDOL]DGRSRU&DUROLQD*RQ]iOH]'DWRVFRPSLODGRVGHOHVWXGLR


Detalle de las trenzas Detalle de su costura

(OGHWDOOHHVGHODFRVWXUDGHXQDFKXSDOOD
Fina Semifina Gruesa

,PDJHQ&DOLEUHVGHWUHQ]D)RWRJUDItDVDFDGDSRUDXWRUDV ,PDJHQ'HWDOOHGHODFRVWXUDGHOD&KXSDOOD)RWRJUDItDVDFDGDSRUDXWRUDV


Detalle de la costura

/DWUHQ]DDOFRVHUVHVHWUDVODSDFRQRWUDDFRQWLQXDFLyQVHLOXV
WUDUDDOJXQRVGDWRVTXHGHVFULEHQODFRVWXUD

Paso de la costura

Detalle traslape de la costura

(VTXHPD'HWDOOHGHODFRVWXUDGHODWUHQ]D5HDOL]DGRSRU&DPLOD&DPSRV


El patrón de la trenza y su estructura
interna

&RQODUHFRSLODFLyQGHGDWRVVHSURFHGHDHQFRQWUDUFRQVWDQWHV
GHQWURGHODHVWUXFWXUDGHODWUHQ]DPLGLpQGRODQRVRORVXSHU
ILFLDOPHQWHVLQRTXHWDPELpQVXHVWUXFWXUDLQWHUQDUHODFLRQDGD
GLUHFWDPHQWHDODPDQHUDHQHOFyPRVHWUHQ]D

Constante 1: Escala trenza

6HGHVFXEUHTXHDWUDYpVGHXQDHFXDFLyQPDWHPiWLFDVHSXHGH
,PDJHQ(FXDFLyQXWLOL]DGDSDUDGHWHUPLQDUDOJXQRVSDUiPHWURVGHODWUHQ]D(VWD
OOHJDUDHVFDODUXQDWUHQ]DVRORFRQWHQHUGRVYDULDQWHVUHODFLRQD QRVGLFHTXHODWUHQ]DWLHQHXQDSURSRUFLyQGHQWURGHVXHVWUXFWXUDYLQFXODQGRDQFKRV
GDVFRQODSDMDTXHVHXWLOL]D(VWHHVXQSULPHUDFHUFDPLHQWRD GLiPHWURV\FDOLEUHV(FXDFLyQKHFKDSRUDXWRUDV

ODPDWHPiWLFDGHODFKXSDOOD

&  &  & 

1RDFKDWDGD $FKDWDGD $QFKRWUHQ]D

    
    
    
    
    
    

'  ' 

7DEOD'HWDOOHGHORVYDORUHVGHODHVFDODGHODWUHQ]D5HDOL]DGRSRU&DUROLQD*RQ]iOH]


Constante 2
6HWHUPLQDXQDVHJXQGDFRQVWDQWHODUHODFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHHO
DQFKRGHODSDMDHOTXLHEUHVXFDQWLGDG\HODQFKRGHODWUHQ]D
$TXtVHPHQFLRQDXQQXHYRHOHPHQWRTXHFRPSRQHODWUHQ]DHO
PyGXORPtQLPR
(OPyGXORPtQLPRVHUHSLWHQYHFHVHQWRGDODH[WHQVLyQGHOD
WUHQ]DFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUD$ODQDOL]DUHOPyGXORVH
REVHUYDTXHVHFRPSRQHGHGRVHOHPHQWRVHVHQFLDOHVXQRHVHO
TXLHEUH\HORWURHVHOWUDPRHOTXLHEUHVRQORVGREOHFHVOtPLWHV
GHODWUHQ]DVHIRUPDQDOGREODUODSDMDHQJUDGRVKDFLDHO
FHQWUR\HOWUDPRHVODVHFFLyQHQWUHTXLHEUHV(QVXFRQMXQWR
DUPDQXQPyGXORPtQLPRTXHHVODFDQWLGDGPtQLPDGHTXLHEUHV
\XQLGDGHVFRQORVTXHVHORJUDDUPDUXQDWUHQ]DVLQHPEDU
JRFRQXQVRORPyGXORQRVHORJUDDUPDUODWUHQ]DWDPELpQ
WLHQHTXHHVWDUVXHVSHMRVXFRPELQDFLyQ\FDQWLGDGGLEXMDUHO
WUHQ]DGR(VWDLQIRUPDFLyQQRVSHUPLWHFRPSUHQGHUHOFyPRHVWi
FRQVWLWXLGDODWUHQ]D
$OSDUDPHWUL]DUODWUHQ]DVHREVHUYDWDPELpQTXHH[LVWHXQD
UHODFLyQHQWUHODFRPSRVLFLyQGHOPyGXORtQILPRFRQHODQFKRGH
ODWUHQ]D\DTXHPLHQWUDVPiVDQFKDHVODWUHQ]DHOPyGXORVHUi
PiVFRUWRFRQVLGHUDQGRTXHHOODUJRGHODSDMDHQWRGDVODVVL
WXDFLRQHVVHDHOPLVPR$GHPiVH[LVWHXQIDFWRUGHFRQVHFXHQ
FLDTXHHVHOUHQGLPLHQWRGHOPDWHULDO\DTXHPLHQWUDVPiVFRUWR
HVHOPyGXORPiVPDWHULDOKD\TXHXWLOL]DUSDUDKDFHUXQDWUHQ]D

$QFKRSDMDDFKDWDGD 4XLHEUHPHGLGD &DQWLGDGHVTXLHEUHV $QFKRGHWUHQ]D

   
  D 
  D 
  D 
  D 
  D 

$XPHQWD $XPHQWD 'LVPLQX\H $XPHQWD

7DEOD'HWDOOHGHORVYDORUHVGHODSDUDPHWUL]DFLyQGHODWUHQ]D5HDOL]DGRSRU&DUROLQD*RQ]iOH]

,PDJHQ8QDGHODVHFXDFLyQSDUDGHWHUPLQDUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHODVSDUWHVGHODWUHQ]D6XSDUDPHWUL]DFLyQHVHVHQFLDOSDUD
SRGHUVDEHUFXDOHVVRQVXVFDSDFLGDGHV\GHTXpGHSHQGHQ(FXDFLyQKHFKDSRUDXWRUDV


Trenza

0HGLGDSDMDSURPHGLRFP
6HFFLyQWUHQ]DGDFP
7RWDOTXLHEUHV
0HGLGDTXLHEUHFP!FRQVWDQWH
0HGLGDFXUYDPP

(VTXHPD0yGXORTXHFRPSRQHODWUHQ]D6HFFLyQGHWUHQ]DGRQGH
(VTXHPD'HWDOOHGHOPyGXORTXHFRPSRQHODWUHQ]DVHPXHVWUDOD VHPXHVWUDHOPyGXORTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDXQDSDUWHWUHQ]DGDGHODSDMDGH
PHGLGDGHXQDXQLGDGXQVHJPHQWRTXHSHUWHQHFHDOPyGXOR\TXHFRUUHV WULJR\TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDXQDXQLGDGHVWUXFWXUDOTXHDOXQLUVHFRQODVRWUDV
SRQGHDXQDKHEUDGHSDMDGHWULJR(VTXHPDKHFKRSRUDXWRUDV GDQFRPRUHVXOWDGRODWUHQ]D(VTXHPDKHFKRSRUDXWRUDV


Constante 3: Relación de los quiebres con la adherencia y
resistencia de las fibras
8QDWHUFHUDUHODFLyQFRQVLVWHHQHODJDUUHTXHORJUDODWUHQ]D
HVWDHVODDGKHUHQFLDGHODVILEUDVTXHHVWiGLUHFWDPHQWHUHODFLR
QDGDFRQHOODUJRGHOPyGXORPLHQWUDVPiVODUJRVHDPiVVHUiHO
DJDUUH(VWHIDFWRUOHGDDODWUHQ]DFLHUWDVSURSLHGDGHVTXHFDP
ELDQGHDFXHUGRFRQHOJUDGRGHHVWHSRUHMHPSORWHQHPRVXQD
WUHQ]DGHWUHVTXLHEUHVODVFXDOLGDGHVGHHVWDYDQDVHUGLVWLQWDV
DXQDGHRFKRTXLHEUHVSRUTXHODSDMDYDDTXHGDUPXFKRPiV
HQUHGDGDTXHODRWUD
8QDWUHQ]DFRQXQPyGXORFRUWRHVXQDWUHQ]DPiVHOiVWLFD\D
TXHHQHVWHFDVRODVILEUDVHVWiQPHQRVWUDEDMDGDV\PiVKROJD
GDVHQFDPELRXQPyGXORODUJRVLJQLILFDPiVWUDEDGD
'HDTXtQDFHXQDUHODFLyQHQWUHODPHGLGDGHORVPyGXORV\HO
HVWLUDPLHQWRGHODWUHQ]DHVWHHVXQQXHYRSDUiPHWURSRUPHGLU
WDPELpQHVWDQGRSUHVHQWHODHODVWLFLGDGQRPEUDGDDQWHULRUPHQWH
\ODUHVLVWHQFLDDODWUDFFLyQ
8QPyGXORPiVODUJRSUHVHQWDXQPD\RUHVWLUDPLHQWRFRPRVH
GLFHDQWHULRUPHQWH\DTXHKD\XQDPD\RUDFRPRGDFLyQHVWRHQ
HOFDVRGHODWUHQ]DSHURXQFDEOHWLHQHXQUDQJRPHQRUDOHVWDU
WUDEDGRHQVtPLVPR
(VWRVHEDVDHQODPHGLFLyQGHODVHVLyQVLHQGRHVWDODIRUPDGH
PHGLUODWUDFFLyQGHXQFDEOHSRUHMHPSORVLWHQHPRVXQDWUHQ]D
DQFKDFRQXQPyGXORSHTXHxRWHQHPRVXQPD\RUHVWLUDPLHQWR
\HVWDVHFFLyQVHDGHOJD]DPiVTXHVLIXHUDXQDWUHQ]DPiV
WUDEDGDTXHVHHVWLUDPHQRVSRUORWDQWRHOFDEOHRODWUHQ]DTXH
VHHVWLUDPiVHVPXFKRPiVIDFWLEOHTXHVHURPSD
5HODFLyQ5HVLVWHQFLDDODVIXHU]DVGHWUDFFLyQFRQODVHFFLyQGH
ODWUHQ]D
$OWHQHUPyGXORVPiVJUDQGHVPD\RUVHUiHOHQWUHODFH\PHQRV
HVWLUDPLHQWRWHQLHQGRXQDPD\RUVXSHUILFLHGHHQWUHOD]DPLHQWR
¢4XpPiUJHQHVSDUDPHWUL]DU"
*UDGRGHHVWLUDPLHQWRTXHWDQWRVHHVWLUD
/DWUHQ]DVHFRPSRUWDFRPRXQFDEOHFRQODPLVPDWHRUtD&XDQ (ODVWLFLGDG
GRWLHQHVXQFDEOHTXHSRUHMHPSORHVWiWUHQ]DGRHVGLVWLQWRD
FXDQGRHVWiHQUROODGRHOHQUROODGRWLHQHXQWLSRGHUHVLVWHQFLD
GLVWLQWRDOGHORWURWLSR\WDPELpQXQHVWLUDPLHQWRGLVWLQWRDPiV
Experimento 1
ODUJRHOFDEOHPD\RUVHUiHOJUDGRSRUTXHVHYDPXOWLSOLFDQGR
Medición de estiramiento y reducción
HVWHIDFWRUVLVHWLHQHXQWUDPRFRUWRDHVWLUDUSRFRSHURVLWHQJR
del ancho de la trenza
XQWUDPRPiVODUJR\ORHVWLUyFRQODPLVPDIXHU]DVHORJUDPiV
HODVWLFLGDG
&RQODLQIRUPDFLyQDQWHULRUVHGHFLGHH[SHULPHQWDUFRQODWUHQ]D
HQHVSHFtILFRWUHVWLSRVGHWUHQ]DVGHGLVWLQWRPDWHULDO3OiVWLFR
6LYROYHPRVDSHQVDUHQODWUHQ]DFXDQGRHOFDEOHHVWUHQ]DGR
GLDULR\SDMD(VWRSDUDSUREDUVXHODVWLFLGDG\VXUHVLVWHQFLD
UHVLVWHPXFKRPiVODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHORVFDEOHV\ODWUHQ]DHV
TXHHVWD~OWLPDVHEDVDHQXQGLVFRQWLQXRDOHVWDULQWURGXFLHQGR
6HKDFHXQDUHODFLyQHQWUHXQDWUHQ]DGHFP\RWUDGHFP
FRQVWDQWHPHQWHSDMDVDODWUHQ]DDOFRQWUDULRGHORVFDEOHVTXH
GHFDGDWLSRGHPDWHULDOVLHQGRSDMDSDMLOOD\GLDULR
HVXQDH[WHQVLyQTXHSUHWHQGHVHULQILQLWD


1. 6HHVWDEOHFHXQDUHJODGLEXMDGDHQXQSODQRYHUWLFDOSDUDSRGHU
YLVXDOL]DUySWLPDPHQWHHOHVWLUDPLHQWRGHFDGDWUHQ]D
2.)LMDUXQWLSRGHWUHQ]DLJXDOPDWHULDOGHFP\FPXQRDO
ODGRGHORWURSDUDVXFRPSDUDFLyQ
3.6HFFLRQDUFDGDWUHQ]D
4. $xDGLUSHVRJUDGXDOPHQWH0HGLUODUJRLQLFLDOILQDOPHGLUDQFKR
LQLFLDOILQDOIRWRJUDILDU

,PDJHQDUULED6HPXHVWUDORVWLSRVGHPDWHULDOHVXWLOL]DGRVSDUDKDFHUODVWUHQ]DV

HQHOH[SHULPHQWRDGHPiVGHXVDUXQDWUHQ]DGHWULJRVHIDEULFDURQWUHQ]DVGHSOiVWL
FR\GLDULRWUDWDQGRGHHQFRQWUDUXQPDWHULDOFRQUHVLVWHQFLDSDUHFLGDDOWULJRSXGLHQGR
DVtSUREDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOWUHQ]DGR)RWRJUDILDWRPDGDSRUDXWRUDV

,PDJHQ,]TXLHUGD(QODLPDJHQVHPXHVWUDXQDGHODVSUXHEDVTXHVHKL]RFRQ

XQDWUHQ]DGHGLDULRHVWDWUHQ]DGHFPGHSDSHOGHGLDULRUHVLVWLyXQSHVRGHNLORV
DQWHVGHURPSHUVH&RPRVHPXHVWUDODVKHEUDVVHFRUWDURQGHPDQHUDLUUHJXODUFRQ
XQSXQWRFUtWLFRXELFDGRHQHOWpUPLQR)RWRJUDILDWRPDGDSRUDXWRUDV


Resultados y conclusiones
1. /RTXHPiVUHVLVWLyIXHODSDMDGHWULJRGHFP¢SRUTXp"
(QSULPHUOXJDUQRHVWiWDQIUDJPHQWDGDFRPRODVGHPiVHQ
VHJXQGROXJDUSUHVHQWDKHEUDVPiVGHOJDGDVTXHSHUPLWHQWHQHU
XQPD\RUUHFRUULGRREWHQLHQGRXQPD\RUDJDUUH\UHVLVWHQFLDHQ
VXWRWDOLGDG
2. /DVVHJXQGDVHQURPSHUVHVRQODVGHSDMDGHWULJRGHFP
\ODGHGLDULRGHFP¢SRUTXpODGHGLDULRGHFPUHVLVWLy
6./DV]RQDVFUtWLFDVVRQODVSDUWHVWX]DGDV
7. 0LHQWUDVPiVTXLHEUHVPD\RUHOUHFRUULGR\PD\RUHODJDUUH
Relación 1
OLVR PRYLOLGDGGHQWURGHODWUHQ]D
SRURVR PRYLOLGDGGHQWURGHODWUHQ]D
JUDQGHHOPyGXOR UHVLVWHQFLD
JUDQGHHOPyGXOR UHVLVWHQFLD
PiVTXHODGHGLDULRGHFP\ODVGHSOiVWLFRVLHQGRTXHWLHQH HOiVWLFR YXHOYHDVXHVWDGRQRUPDOQRH[LVWHGHIRUPDFLyQ
PHQRVTXLHEUHVSRUORTXHVXKHEUDHVPiVJUXHVD"3RGHPRV
GHFLUTXHVXUHVLVWHQFLDIXHORJUDGDJUDFLDVDVXSRURVLGDGTXH
OHGDPiVDJDUUHHQWUHXQDKHEUD\RWUD/DGHSDMDGHWULJRGH
FPWXYRWDPELpQJUDQUHVLVWHQFLDJUDFLDVDVXDOWRQ~PHURGH
TXLHEUHVTXHOHSHUPLWLyXQPD\RUUHFRUULGRHQWUHHOODV
¢3RUTXpODVGHSOiVWLFRIXHURQODVTXHPHQRVUHVLVWLHURQ"eVWDV
SUHVHQWDQPHQRVUHFRUULGRHQVXVPyGXORVSRUSDUWHGHVXV
KHEUDVDGHPiVFRPRHVSOiVWLFRVXFRPSRVLFLyQORKDFHVHUOLVR
3. /RVSXQWRVFUtWLFRVGHODVWUHQ]DVIXHURQODV]RQDVWXVDGDV
SURYRFDQGRXQFRODSVRHQDOJXQDGHHOODV3RGHPRVGHFLUHQWRQ
SOiVWLFR QRYXHOYHDVXHVWDGRQRUPDOH[LVWHGHIRUPDFLyQ
- Factores que influyen: material y el largo del módulo.
'LDULR SRURVR
PyGXORSHTXHxR!0iVGHIRUPDFLyQ
SOiVWLFR
3DMD OLVR
PyGXORJUDQGH!0HQRVGHIRUPDFLyQ
FHVTXHVXUXSWXUDHVGHELGRDOWpUPLQRGHOPDWHULDOKHEUDSRU HOiVWLFR
ORTXHXQDVVHVHSDUDQGRQGHFRLQFLGHHOWpUPLQRRFRPLHQ]RGH
ODKHEUDFRQOOHYDQGRTXHODVGHVXPLVPDVHFFLyQVHURPSDQ
4. (QODVPiVJUXHVDVDOFRLQFLGLUVXV]RQDVWXVDGDVFRQOOHYDD
TXHpVWDVVRORVHVHSDUDUDQ
5. (QODWUHQ]DGHGLDULRH[LVWHXQDGHIRUPDFLyQFRQVWDQWHDQWHV
GHVXTXLHEUHJUDFLDVDVXSRURVLGDG\DTXHpVWDQROHSHUPLWH
XQPD\RUDFRPRGRFRPRHQODSDMDGHWULJR(VWDSDMDDOVHU
OLVDOHSURSRUFLRQDXQPD\RUUDQJRGHPRYLOLGDGSHUPLWLHQGRXQ
UHDFRPRGR\XQDPHMRUGLVWULEXFLyQGHIXHU]DV

3OiVWLFR OLVR
PyGXORSHTXHxR!0iVGHIRUPDFLyQ
SOiVWLFR
Relación 2
7DPDxRGHOPyGXOR*UDGRGHHVWLUDPLHQWRLQYHUVD
$QFKRGHODWUHQ]D7DPDxRGHOPyGXORLQYHUVD
7DPDxRGHOPyGXOR5HQGLPLHQWRGHODSDMDGLUHFWD
7DPDxRGHOPyGXOR$JDUUHGLUHFWD
7DPDxRGHOPyGXOR(ODVWLFLGDGLQYHUVD
Observaciones a partir de la trenza y su estudio

6HREVHUYDTXHODWUHQ]DWLHQHODFDSDFLGDGGHJHQHUDUVXSHUIL
FLHVFRPSOHMDVDSDUWLUGHVXFRVWXUDFREUDQGRXQQXHYRVHQWLGR
DOHVWDUXQLGDVJHQHUDQGRXQPDQWRTXHSXHGHVHUIRUPDGR\
GHIRUPDGRVHJ~QFRPRVHTXLHUD(VWiHOFDVRGHODVFKXSDOODV
HQGRQGHDQWHVGHKRUPDUHVGHFLUGDUOHODIRUPDILQDOVHFRVH
XQPDQWRHQIRUPDGHFDPSDQDHVWDSUHIRUPDDQWHFHGHDODIRU
PDILQDOTXHVHORJUDSRVLFLRQDQGRHVWHPDQWRVREUHXQDPDWUL]
SDUDOXHJRGDUOHODIRUPDDJROSHVGHPDUWLOORSDUDOXHJRDSOLFDU
XQDJRPDILQDOL]DQGRFRQHOSODQFKDGRDSOLFDQGRFDORU\YDSRUDO
DODSDUDPDQWHQHUODOLVD\ILUPH


Capítulo 3
El objeto artesanal
desde las
matemáticas


 Matemáticas de la naturaleza

/DVPDWHPiWLFDVDGHPiVGHVXSDSHOIRUPDWLYR\GHWUDQVPLVLyQ
GHLGHDVWLHQHQWDPELpQXQDSUHVHQFLDLPSRUWDQWHHQODQDWXUDOH
]D\HQFDVLFXDOTXLHUiPELWRGHODDFWLYLGDGKXPDQD

'HVGHHOLQLFLRGHORVWLHPSRVHOKRPEUHKDWUDWDGRGHGDUXQD
H[SOLFDFLyQDORVIHQyPHQRVFRWLGLDQRVGHORVTXHHUDWHVWLJR
ODQDWXUDOH]DIXHXQRGHORVIHQyPHQRVTXHVHHVWXGLDURQ\XQD
IRUPDGHHQWHQGHUODHVDSUR[LPiQGRQRVDHOODPDWHPiWLFDPHQWH

¢4XpUHODFLyQH[LVWHHQWUHXQDHFXDFLyQGHVDUUROODGDSRUXQ
PDWHPiWLFR\XQDWUHQ]DGHSDMDGHVDUUROODGDSRUXQDUWHVDQR" $OJXQDVYHFHVODSURSLDQDWXUDOH]DLQVSLUDDORVPDWHPiWLFRVHQ
VXVGHILQLFLRQHV\GHVDUUROORV3RUHMHPSORODVHFXDFLRQHVGLIH

$VLPSOHYLVWDQRH[LVWHXQYtQFXORHQWUHHVWDVGRVFRVDVWDQ UHQFLDOHVIXHURQLQLFLDOPHQWHWUDWDGDVSRU1HZWRQSDUDHVWXGLDU

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En cuanto a las piezas
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costurear
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Costureado

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 *UXHVD 'LVFRQWLQXD 6XSHUILFLH5HFWD  
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Planificación práctica 2

Resultados, observaciones y registro.
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\DFHUFDPLHQWRDODWUHQ]D\VXVIRUPDVVHOOHJDQDORVVLJXLHQ
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WHVUHVXOWDGRV\REVHUYDFLRQHV
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Forma

1ĈSLH]DV &DOLEUH 7UHQ]D )RUPD &RVWXUHDGR 6HQWLGR

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I Etapa de acción

‘Complejizando la técnica’

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Puesta en práctica y experimentación
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II Etapa: ‘Encuentro con el material y la EUHVGHXQODGR\HORWURHVGHFLUGRV\GRVFRVWXUDPDQXDOGH

costura’ SXQWDGDVLPSOH

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TXHHQHOGHVHQYROYHUGHODHVSLUDOVHYXHOYHFUyQLFDFRQGLVWLQWR
GLiPHWURDOFHQWUR7LHQHXQGLiPHWURGLVFRQWLQXRHVWRSURGXFLGR

Experimentación 0 DOFRVWXUDUKDFLDDIXHUD\FRQHOWUDVODSHFRQWUDULRKDFLDDGHQWUR

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ODPiTXLQDGHFRVHUSDUDFRVWXUHDUODWUHQ]DORVSULPHURVUHVXO
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Experimentación 1
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DPHGLGDTXHVHWLHQHPiVWLHPSRVHSDUiQGRODVHOUDQJRHVGH
DSUR[PPFRUUHVSRQGHDODILQDHQWUHPP\VHPLILQD
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FRVWXUDPDQXDOGHSXQWDGDVLPSOH

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 EXP01

Imagen 70: EXP01DUULED6HPXHVWUDHQODLPDJHQXQDGHODV

VXSHUILFLHVFRVWXUHDGDVDPiTXLQD(OFRVLGRGHVSUROLMRGHPXHV
WUDXQDIDOWDGHH[SHUWRVTXHVHGHQRWDHQODIRUPDJHQHUDO
)RWRJUDILDVDFDGDSRUDXWRUDV
Imagen 71: EXP02 GHUHFKD2EMHWREDVDGRHQODFRVWXUDHQ
IRUPDGHHVSLUDOFLOtQGULFDKHFKDDPDQRFRQGLiPHWURGLVFRQWL
QXRTXHDXPHQWDHQHOFHQWUR)RWRJUDILDVDFDGDSRUDXWRUDV


EXP02


EXP03

EXP04



Imagen 72: EXP 03DUULEDDODL]TXLHUGD)LJXUDGHIRUPD FRVWXUHDGRHQORVSXQWRVGHHQFXHQWURTXHVRQORVOtPLWHVGHO
WULDQJXODUFUHFLHQWH(VWDVHFRPLHQ]DFRQXQFHQWURWULDQJXODU HQFXHQWURHQWUHXQDKHEUD\ODRWUD
FX\RVYpUWLFHVVRQTXLHEUHVTXHOHGDQODIRUPDHVWDVHFRVWXUHD 7. (QUHODFLyQFRQORVSXQWRVFUtWLFRV([LVWHQSXQWRVFUtWLFRVHQOD
DPDQR SDUWHGHOWXSLGRTXHSURYRFDXQGHELOLWDPLHQWRGHODHVWUXFWXUDGH
Imagen 73: EXP04DEDMRDODL]TXLHUGD(VWDILJXUDWDPELpQ
FRPLHQ]DFRQXQDIRUPDJHRPpWULFDHQHVWHFDVRXQFXDGUDGR
FRQFXDWURTXLHEUHVFRVWXUDGRDPDQR
Observaciones
1. (QUHODFLyQFRQODFXUYDQDWXUDO(QFXDQWRDODWULDQJXODUVH
GHQRWDTXHVHJHQHUDXQDFXUYDQDWXUDOHQFDGDXQRGHORVWUHV
ODGRVSHURHQGRVVHQWLGRVGLVWLQWRVORPLVPRVHREVHUYDHQOD
FXDGUDGD
2.(QUHODFLyQFRQODWHQGHQFLDGHODFRVWXUD6HGHQRWDTXH
DOFRVWXUDUODWUHQ]DVLQUHDOL]DUHVIXHU]RVH[WHUQRVWLHQGHDOD
FLUFXODULGDG
3.(QUHODFLyQFRQORVTXLHEUHV6HJ~QORVFDPELRVGHGLUHFFLR
QHVHQHOUHFRUULGROHRWRUJDQVHQWLGRDODFXUYDWXUDQDWXUDOTXH
VHJHQHUD([LVWHODSRVLELOLGDGGHPRGLILFDUHVDFXUYDVHSXHGH
SUHGHFLUDOLUODFRQVWUX\HQGR
4. (QUHODFLyQFRQODIRUPDGHORVTXLHEUHV6LVHTXLHUHXQTXLH
EUHPDUFDGR\TXHPDQWHQJDODIRUPDGHVHDGDVHGHEHUHFXUULU
DODD\XGDGHXQDKHUUDPLHQWDGHJROSHFRPRXQPDUWLOOR\DTXH
WLHQGHVLHPSUHDVXHVWDGRRULJLQDO6LHPSUHGHEHH[LVWLUSUHVLyQ
HQHOFRVWXUHDGR
5. (QUHODFLyQFRQODVVXSHUILFLHV3DUDSRGHUUHDOL]DUXQDVXSHU
ODWUHQ]DDOVHUGREODGRVVHTXLHEUDQFRQIDFLOLGDG
8. (QUHODFLyQFRQODXQLIRUPLGDGGHODVXSHUILFLH(QQHFHVDULR
FRQVWUXLUHOLQLFLR\HOILQDOGHODVXSHUILFLHSDUDSRGHUHODERUDU
XQLIRUPLGDG
9.(QUHODFLyQFRQODXQLIRUPLGDGGHODVYXHOWDV$OKDFHUXQD
ILJXUDHVQHFHVDULRILMDUVHHQODFDQWLGDGGHYXHOWDVTXHVHGDQ
\DTXHSXHGHVHUXQLIRUPHRDVLPpWULFRHQFXDQWRDODVYXHOWDV
TXHVHGDQ
10.(QFXDQWRDOFRVWXUHDGRPDQXDO$JRWDGRUHVQHFHVDULR
UHDOL]DUXQJUDQHVIXHU]RVREUHODWUHQ]DSUHVLRQDQGRSDUDORJUDU
ODIRUPDTXHULGD
11. (QUHODFLyQFRQHOWLHPSR\ODSXQWDGD/DVGLVWDQFLDVHQWUH
ODVSXQWDGDVGHEHQWHQHUXQ0D[GHDPPGHGLVWDQFLD\HO
ODUJRODSXQWDGDGHEHVHUGHDSURDPi[LPRPV(VWRKDFHTXH
HOWUDEDMRPDQXDOVHDPXFKRPiVOHQWRTXHHQXQDPiTXLQD
/DPiTXLQDWHTXLWDHODFWRGHFRVWXUDGHMDQGRORPDQXDOHQOD
GLUHFFLRQDOLGDGGHODVXSHUILFLH

Experimentación 2
6HFRPLHQ]DDXWLOL]DUODPiTXLQDGHFRVHUFRQODWUHQ]DFRPR
PDWHULDO(QHVWDRFDVLyQVHGHFLGHSUREDUSULPHURUHKDFLHQGROD
ILJXUDWULDQJXODUKHFKDDPDQR\OXHJRVHSUXHEDHOKDFHUILJXUDV
HQEDVHDODFLUFXQIHUHQFLDFRPRWLSRWURQFRGHFRQR

6HVLJXHVHSDUDQGRORVFDOLEUHVGHSDMDVHOHVQRPEUDSDUD
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VRORFXUYDVSDUDJHQHUDUXQDVXSHUILFLHHQHOPLVPRVHQWLGR
6.(QUHODFLyQFRQHOFRVWXUHDGR6LVHFRVWXUHUDHQHOVHQWLGR
GHODKHEUDVHGHELOLWDODHVWUXFWXUDGHODWUHQ]DDGLIHUHQFLDGHO


 EXP07

EXP06 EXP05



Observaciones SUHVLyQH[WUDOOHYDDODPiTXLQDDXQULWPRPiVUiSLGRGHORTXH

 VHSXHGHFRQWURODUDKRUD

En cuanto a las piezas 

3LH]DWULDQJXODUVHTXLVRUHSOLFDUFRQPiTXLQDSHURQRVHORJUy ¢&yPRWRPDUODWUHQ]DSDUDTXHQRVHHVFDSHRVDOJDGHOHMHGH

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YHQLQWHUUXPSLGDDOQRORJUDUFRVWXUHDU
Experimentación 3

Piezas tronco de cono 

Imagen 74: EXP05(VWDSLH]DVHUHDOL]yGHPDQHUDYHUWLFDOHQ 6HVLJXHH[SHULPHQWDQGRFRQODFRVWXUDDPDQRHQODTXHVH

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FRQWLQXD\SXQWDGDGHFDGHQHWDVLPSOH DKRUDRWURWLSRGHVXSHUILFLHVPiVHQIRFDGDVHQHOSODQRFRQ
(OUHVXOWDGRHVXQWURQFRGHFRQRGHVSUROLMRHQHOFRVWXUHDGRFRQ TXLHEUHV
KHEUDVVXHOWDV\QRSDUHMDV
 Piezas
Imagen 75: EXP06/DVLJXLHQWHIXHXQDVXSHUILFLHKHFKDGH Imagen 77: EXP086XSHUILFLHSHTXHxDGHWUHQ]DJUXHVDFRQ
PDQHUDKRUL]RQWDOFRQWUHQ]DJUXHVDFRQWLQXD\SXQWDGDGH TXLHEUHV
FDGHQHWDVLPSOH(OUHVXOWDGRPHMRUDODSLH]DDQWHULRUFRQXQD Imagen 78: EXP096XSHUILFLHJUDQGHGHWUHQ]DJUXHVDFRQ
FRVWXUDPXFKRPiVSUROLMD\PiVFRQWUROGHODSRVLFLyQGHOD TXLHEUHV
WUHQ]D$GHPiVVHGHQRWDTXHDSHVDUGHHVWDUFRVWXUHDQGRHQ Imagen 79: EXP10 6XSHUILFLHGHWUHQ]DVHPLILQDJUDQGH\FRQ
KRUL]RQWDOODHVWUXFWXUDWLHQGHDFXUYDUVH8QGHVFXEULPLHQWRIXH TXLHEUHV
HOKHFKRGHTXHDOVXSHUSRQHUXQDKHEUDVREUHHOWHMLGRVHORJUD 
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 WUHQ]D\ODHVFDODGHOWHMLGR\DTXHFDGDXQDGHHVWDVVHFXUYDQ
Imagen 76: EXP076HUHDOL]DQXHYDPHQWHODSLH]DWULDQJXODU SHURDTXHOODFRQWUHQ]DJUXHVD\SHTXHxDVVHFXUYDQPiVTXH
SHURHQPDTXLQDGHFRVHU\QRDPDQR DTXHOODVFRQPD\RUHVGLPHQVLRQHV\HOPLVPRWLSRGHWUHQ]DV
 KDVWDOOHJDUDODTXHWLHQHXQDVPHGLGDVJUDQGHV\FRQWUHQ]D
En cuanto al hacer VHPLILQDODFXDOFDVLQRVHFXUYD
'HELGRDODSRFDSUHFLVLyQ\SRVWXUDGHODWUHQ]DDOFRVWXUHDU 
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VHOHUHDOL]DDOSHGDO\DTXHHVVXPDPHQWHVHQVLEOH\XQSRFRGH


EXP08

EXP10



EXP09


Experimentación 4 Imagen 81: EXP12&RVWXUHDGRHOtSWLFRHQHVSLUDOpVWHHVHOTXH
6HILQDOL]DODHWDSDLQLFLDOFRQVWUX\HQGRGRVWLSRVGHWHMLGRVXQR VHUHDOL]DSDUDIDEULFDUODFKXSDOOD
FLUFXODU\HORWURHOtSWLFR(VWRVGRVWLSRVGHFRVWXUDSHUWHQHFHQDO
OHQJXDMHGHODFKXSDOODHQHVSHFLDOHOHOtSWLFRTXHHQHVWHFDVR
VHFRVWXUDDPDQR

Imagen 80: EXP116HEDVDHQXQFRVWXUHDGRFRQWLQXRFLUFXODU

FX\DFDUDFWHUtVWLFDHVVXSUR\HFFLyQFyQFDYDKDFLDDUULEDGHPD
QHUDFUHFLHQWH(VWHWLSRGHVXSHUILFLHVVHDVHPHMDDODFRVWXUD
GHODFKXSDOOD

EXP11



EXP11

EXP12



II Etapa: ‘Complejizando la técnica’ Imagen 85: EXP163LH]DFRQXQLQLFLRGHODGRV\TXLHEUHV

 GHWUHQ]DJUXHVDODFXDODPHGLGDTXHVHFRVWXUHDUVHIRUPDQ

Experimentación 5 GREOHVFXUYDWXUDV/DFRVWXUDHVFRQWLQXDGHXQDVRODWUHQ]D\

 FRQFRVWXUDVLPSOHDPDQR

$OSDVDUODHWDSDGHDSUHQGL]DMHVHOOHJDDXQPRPHQWRHVHQFLDO
GHODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQHQGRQGHVHFRPLHQ]DDKDFHUVXSHUILFLHV Imagen 86: EXP173LH]DFRQXQLQLFLRGHODGRV\TXLHEUHV

GHPD\RUFRPSOHMLGDGSUREDQGRODVFDSDFLGDGHVQRFRQRFLGDV GHWUHQ]DJUXHVDODFXDODPHGLGDTXHVHFRVWXUHDUVHIRUPDQ

GHODWUHQ]D GREOHVFXUYDWXUDV/DFRVWXUDHVFRQWLQXDGHXQDVRODWUHQ]D\

 FRQFRVWXUDVLPSOHDPDQR

3LH]DV 

 

Imagen 82: EXP13. 3LH]DFRQXQLQLFLRWULDQJXODU\TXLHEUHV -XQWRFRQHVWDVWDPELpQVHSUXHEDFRVWXUHDQGRXQFRQRVLPSOH

GHWUHQ]DJUXHVDODFXDODPHGLGDTXHVHFRVWXUHDUVHIRUPDQ \XQRGREOHREVHUYDQGRTXHHOHVSHVRUGHODWUHQ]DLQIOX\HHQHO

XQDFXUYDFyQFDYD\RWUDFRQYH[D/DFRVWXUDHVFRQWLQXDGHXQD WHMLGRHQHVWHFDVRKDFHTXHYDULpHOGLiPHWURGHODILJXUD

VRODWUHQ]D\FRQFRVWXUDVLPSOHDPDQR 
Imagen 87: EXP18&RQRVLPSOH

Imagen 83: EXP143LH]DFRQXQLQLFLRFXDGUDGR\TXLHEUHVGH Imagen 88: EXP19&RQRGREOH

WUHQ]DVHPLILQDODFXDODPHGLGDTXHVHFRVWXUHDUVHIRUPDQGRV
FXUYDVFyQFDYDV\RWUDVFRQYH[D/DFRVWXUDHVFRQWLQXDGH
XQDVRODWUHQ]D\FRQFRVWXUDVLPSOHDPDQR

Imagen 84: EXP153LH]DFRQXQLQLFLRGHSHQWiJRQR\

TXLHEUHVGHWUHQ]DJUXHVDODFXDODPHGLGDTXHVHFRVWXUHDUVH
IRUPDQGREOHVFXUYDWXUDV/DFRVWXUDHVFRQWLQXDGHXQDVROD
WUHQ]D\FRQFRVWXUDVLPSOHDPDQR(QHOFDVRGHHVWDSLH]D
VHREVHUYDTXHHOUHVXOWDGRHVLJXDODODSLH]DDQWHULRUHVWRSRU
HOQ~PHURLPSDUGHODGRVHVSRUHVWRSRUORTXHVHPRGLILFDOD
SLH]DSDUDTXHODVFXUYDVTXHGHQWRUFLGDV


EXP13




EXP14




EXP15




EXP16




EXP17




EXP18




EXP19




Observaciones Experimentación 6

 6HH[SHULPHQWDFRQILJXUDVH[WUXLGDVSHURJHRPpWULFDVFRPRHO

0LHQWUDVPiVODGRVWHQJDODILJXUDJHRPpWULFDLQLFLDOPiVDFKD FXDGUDGR\HOWULiQJXOR

WDGDVHUiODIRUPDUHVXOWDQWH
(QODFRQVWUXFFLyQHOFRPLHQ]RHVGLIHUHQWHDOILQDOH[LVWHXQD Imagen 89: EXP203LH]DWULDQJXODUH[WUXLGD

WUDQVLFLyQWUDQVIRUPDGRUDGHODIRUPD Imagen 90: EXP213LH]DFXDGUDGDH[WUXLGD

(OFRPLHQ]RJHRPpWULFRTXHGDSODVPDGRQRGHVDSDUHFH
/DVIRUPDVVHSXHGHQVLPSOLILFDUDXQDIRUPDHTXLYDOHQWH
(QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRVHPRGLILFDODWUHQ]DFRQXQILQLQWHQFLR
QDOSHURHQODWUDQVLFLyQVLPSOHPHQWHVHVLJXHODIRUPDTXHYD
GDQGRODWUHQ]DQDWXUDOPHQWH
6HJ~QHOVHQWLGRGHOTXLHEUHGDUiFRPRUHVXOWDGRFXUYDV
FyQFDYDVRFRQYH[DVHVWRHVSRUTXHODILJXUDLQLFLDOTXHVH
GHWHUPLQDSUR\HFWDODVXSHUILFLH
(OHVWDGRQDWXUDOGHODWUHQ]DHVODFXUYDHVDVtFRPRWRGR
YROXPHQWHQGHUiDODFXUYDWXUD
/DWRUVLyQODFXUYDIRU]DGD\HOTXLHEUHHVXQDFDSDFLGDGTXH
SHUPLWHTXHODWUHQ]DSXHGDJHQHUDUFXUYDVRVXSHUILFLHVFRP
SOHMDV
$SHVDUGHTXHH[LVWHXQDSUR\HFFLyQGHODIRUPDLQLFLDOpVWD
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GLUHFFLyQGHODWUHQ]D\HOVRODSDGR
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PLHQWUDVPiVODUJDVHDVXWUD\HFWRULDPHQRVWHQGHUiDOHQUROOD
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EXP20


EXP21



Experimentación 7 Imagen 95: EXP263LH]DGHFRVWXUDFRQWLQXDFRQYDFtRVFLUFX
+DVWDDKRUDODWUHQ]DVHKDEtDWUDWDGRFRPRVHORKDFHDOKDFHU ODUHV
ODFKXSDOODVHFRVWXUHDUGHIRUPDFRQWLQXD\VLQYDULDEOHVHQ
HVWDSHURDKRUDVHSUREDUiQRWURVWLSRVGHFRVWXUDHQGRQGHVH
MXHJDFRQORVYDFtRV\HO³GHVRUGHQGHODFRVWXUD´VLQXQRUGHQ
FRQVWDQWH

Imagen 91: EXP223LH]DGHYDFtRVLUUHJXODUHVGHSODQRVWRUFLGRV
\GLVFRQWLQXRV
Imagen 92: EXP 233LH]DHQIRUPDGHLQILQLWRFRQSODQRWRUFLGR\
XQDFRVWXUDFRQWLQXD
Imagen 93: EXP243LH]DGHFRVWXUDWRUFLGDFRQGRVTXLHEUHV
Imagen 94: EXP253LH]DGHSODQRGLVFRQWLQXRWRUFLGRFRQYDFLRV
LUUHJXODUH

EXP22




EXP23


EXP24


EXP25





EXP26



Experimentación 8 Imagen 96: EXP27 3LH]DQRFRVWXUHDGDGHFtUFXORV
Imagen 97: EXP 283ULPHUDVHFFLRQGHWUDPDQRFRVWXUHDGDFRQ
6HREVHUYDTXHKDVWDDKRUDHOSURFHVRGHFRVWXUDVHKDFXP PXOWLSOHVFtUFXORV
SOLGRH[DFWDPHQWHFRPRORLQGLFDODFRVWXUDGHODFKXSDOODHQ Imagen 98: EXP296HJXQGDWUDPDQRFRVWXUHDGDFRQFtUFXORVHQ
WRGDVODVHVWUXFWXUDVVHKDXQLGRDWUDYpVGHKLOR\DJXMDORTXH IRUPDFXDGUDGD
FRQGLFLRQDODKDELOLGDG\HOWLHPSRHQTXHVHGHPRUD3RUHVWR Imagen 99: EXP307UDPDQRFRVWXUHDGDFRQHQFDMHVGHDFUtOLFR
VHSUHJXQWD¢([LVWHRWUDIRUPDGHXQLUXQDWUHQ]DFRQRWUD"
EDMRHVWDSUHJXQWDVHUHDOL]DQYDULDVSUXHEDVFRQSLH]DVTXH
XQHQ\WUDPDVTXHVHFRPSOHPHQWDQDHVWHHVDVtFRPRVH
OOHJDDXQPRGRHQGRQGHDWUDYpVGHXQUHFRUULGRHVSHFtILFR
GHODWUHQ]DVHORJUDQHQFDMDUXQDVSLH]DVGHPDGHUDTXHGHMDQ
DSULVLRQDGDXQDFRQRWUD(VWHVLVWHPDVHEDVDHQXQDWUHQ]D
FRQWLQXDTXHVHHQWUHOD]DHQFtUFXORVFRQWLQXRVJHQHUDQGR
SXQWRVGHXQLyQHQWUHGRV\WUHVWUHQ]DVVRQHQHVWRVSXQWRVHQ
GRQGHVHYLQFXODFRQODVSLH]DV

EXP27



EXP28


EXP29



EXP30


Las capacidades de la trenza Propiedades textiles:

6HLGHQWLILFDURQWHPDVTXHGHVFULEHQODWUHQ]D\VXFRVWXUHDGR 3HUPHDELOLGDGDODLUH7HQDFLGDGRUHVLVWHQFLDDOUDVJDGR6ROLGH]

 GHOFRORU(ODVWLFLGDG'HQVLGDG3HVRSRUXQLGDGGHiUHD(VSH

Capacidad: &RQGLFLRQHVTXHSHUPLWHQHOGHVDUUROORGHIRUPDV VRU5HVLVWHQFLDWpUPLFDRFDSDFLGDGDLVODQWH

FRQODWUHQ]D )LEUDYHJHWDOSURFHGHQWHGHOWDOOR

Cualidad: 'HILQHQUDVJRVGHODQDWXUDOH]DGHODWUHQ]D 

Propiedades mecánicasGHVFULEHQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHXQ 

PDWHULDOVyOLGRDODSOLFDUOHIXHU]DVGHWUDFFLyQFRPSUHVLyQ\
WRUVLyQ
Propiedades tecnológicas:1RVLQGLFDQODGLVSRVLFLyQGHXQ 

PDWHULDOSDUDSRGHUWUDEDMDUFRQpORVREUHpO
Propiedades ecológicas: ,PSDFWRTXHSURGXFHHOPDWHULDOHQHO 

PHGLRDPELHQWHWDQWRHQVXIDEULFDFLyQGXUDQWHVXFLFORGHYLGD 

\FXDQGRGHMDQGHVHU~WLOHV Clasificación de superficies

Propiedades textiles:'HWHUPLQDODFDOLGDG\ORVGLYHUVRVXVRV 
TXHVHOHSXHGHRWRUJDUDOPDWHULDO
Fibra vegetal:)UDJPHQWRVKHEUDVRSHORFX\RRULJHQHVWiHQOD
QDWXUDOH]DTXHSXHGHQKLODUVHSDUDGDUOXJDUDKLORVRFXHUGDV 8QDYH]UHDOL]DGDODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQHVQHFHVDULRFODVLILFDU
 ODVVXSHUILFLHVUHVXOWDQWHVHVWRD\XGDDVDEHUFXDOHVVRQODV
Capacidades: FDSDFLGDGHVGHODWpFQLFDGHOWUHQ]DGR\TXpFRVDVSXHGHQOOHJDU
4XLHEUH&XUYDGRIRU]DGR&XUYDGR7RUVLyQ3HJDGR&RVWXUHDGR DFRQVWUXLU3DUDHVWRVHVLJXHFRQODLGHDGHXWLOL]DUODVPDWHPi
 WLFDV\ODWRSRORJtDFRPRPHGLRSDUDQRPEUDUUHFXUULHQGRDOD
Cualidades JHRPHWUtDSDUDHVWR\VLELHQQRORJUDGHVFULELUH[DFWDPHQWHOD
6XDYLGDG/LJHUH]D QDWXUDOH]DRODVFRVDVVLSHUPLWHDFHUFDUQRVDXQDLPDJHQYLVXDO
 UHFRQRFLEOHODVPDWHPiWLFDVQRVSHUPLWHQGHVFULELU\HQWHQGHU
Propiedades mecánicas: ORTXHHVWDPRVKDFLHQGR\SDVDUORDXQOHQJXDMHFRQRFLGRSRU
)OH[LELOLGDG5HVLVWHQFLD(ODVWLFLGDG3ODVWLFLGDG+LJURVFRSLFLGDG WRGRVQRVVLUYHSDUDQRPEUDU
 
Propiedades tecnológicas: $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDUiXQJORVDULRGHWpUPLQRVGHILQLGRV
'XFWLOLGDG0DOHDELOLGDG5HVLVWHQFLDPHFiQLFD VHJ~QHOHVWXGLRFRPRSUHiPEXORDODMHUJDTXHVHPRVWUDUiHQ
 ODFODVLILFDFLyQGHODVVXSHUILFLHV
Propiedades ecológicas: 
5HXWLOL]DEOH%LRGHJUDGDEOH 
2UJiQLFD


Glosario
Grupo:&RQMXQWRGHSLH]DVVHPHMDQWHVHQFXDQWRDVXFRQV
WUXFFLyQRIRUPD6LHQGRHQHVWHFDVRFODVLILFDGDVHQEDVHDVX
FRQVWUXFFLyQ
Grupo a/DIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDLQLFLDOHVXQDILJXUDJHRPpWULFD
VRODSDGDKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHHQEDVHDTXLHEUHV
Grupo b:)RUPDSODQDTXHWLHQGHDHQUROODUVHVRODSDGDHQEDVH
DFXUYDVDFRWDGDV
Grupo c/DIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDLQLFLDOHVXQDILJXUDJHRPpWULFD
VRODSDGDYHUWLFDOPHQWHHQEDVHDFXUYDVIRU]DGDV
Quiebre3OHJDGRGHODWUHQ]D
Curva forzada:7RUVLyQGHXQDFXUYDHQXQVRORSODQRGHOD
WUHQ]D
Torsión:5RWDFLyQGHVGHH[WUHPRVHQVHQWLGRVFRQWUDULRV
Costura:6HULHGHSXQWDGDVTXHXQHGRVWUR]RVGHWHODRGRV
SLH]DVFRVLGDV
Costureado&RVHUDUWHVDQDOPHQWH
Coser:8QLUFRQKLORJHQHUDOPHQWHHQKHEUDQGRHQODDJXMDGRVR
PiVSHGD]RVGHWHODFXHURXRWUDPDWHULD
Pieza costureada:/DVWUHQ]DVVRQXQLGDVPHGLDQWHODWpFQLFDGH
ODFRVWXUD
Pieza no costureada:/DVWUHQ]DVVRQXQLGDVFRQRWURWLSRGH
HOHPHQWRTXHQRHVHOKLOR
Trenza:(VWUXFWXUDRSDWUyQFRPSOHMRIRUPDGRSRUHOHQWUHOD]D
GRGHWUHVRPiVKHEUDVGHPDWHULDOIOH[LEOHFRPRKLORVWH[WLOHV
DODPEUHVRFDEHOOR
Trenzado:5HWRUFHU\HQWUHOD]DUKHEUDV
Solapado:7UHQ]DTXHVHPRQWDVREUHRWUD
Solapado vertical:3RVLFLyQGHODWUHQ]DHQSODQRYHUWLFDO
Solapado horizontal:3RVLFLyQGHODWUHQ]DHQSODQRKRUL]RQWDO
Lados:6HUHILHUHDODFDQWLGDGGHODGRVTXHWLHQHODILJXUD
Paraboloide: 6XSHUILFLHHQTXHWRGDVODVVHFFLRQHVSDUDOHODVD
XQDGLUHFFLyQGDGDVRQSDUiERODV\ODVGHPiVVHFFLRQHVSODQDV
VRQHOLSVHVRKLSpUERODV

Hiperboloide6XSHUILFLHGHUHYROXFLyQJHQHUDGDSRUODURWDFLyQ
GHXQDKLSpUERODDOUHGHGRUGHXQRGHVXVGRVHMHVGHVLPHWUtD
6XSHUILFLHGREOHFXUYDWXUDJHQHUDGDVSRUHOPRYLPLHQWRGHXQD
JHQHUDWUL]FXUYD(VWDVVXSHUILFLHVQRFRQWLHQHQOtQHDVUHFWDV\
SRUORWDQWRQRVRQGHVDUUROODEOHVHQWUHHOODVVRQPX\FRQRFL
GDVODVFXDGUiWLFDVODVFXDOHVVRQVXSHUILFLHVJHQHUDGDVSRUOD
URWDFLyQGHXQDFXUYDFyQLFDDOUHGHGRUGHXQRGHVXVHMHVFRPR
ODHVIHUDHOLSVRLGHSDUDERORLGHKLSHUERORLGH
Variables
Territorio

(OHOHPHQWRPDWHULDOGHWRGRFRQRFLPLHQWRDUWHVDQDOHVWi
FRQVWUXLGRSRUHOHQWRUQRGHOVHUKXPDQRHVWHHQWRUQRVLHQGR
GLQiPLFRWLHQHFRPSRQHQWHVTXHSHUPLWHQUHFRQRFHUVXWHQGHQ
FLDFRQVWDQWHDORODUJRGHOWLHPSRHVWRKDFHSRVLEOHLGHQWLILFDU
FLHUWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDODUJRSOD]R(VWHWHUULWRULRGHRULJHQ
SRVHHSDUWLFXODULGDGHVTXHPXFKDVYHFHVLQIOX\HQHQHOSURFHVR
GHODVDUWHVDQtDV&RQVLGHUDPRVQHFHVDULRSRUHVWRUHFRQRFHU
DOJXQDVGHHVWDVSDUWLFXODULGDGHVTXHLQIOX\HQHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
GHODDUWHVDQtD

a. Clima
8QDSULPHUDYDULDEOHVHOHFFLRQDGDHVFOLPD$ODIHFWDUHOSDLVDMH
GHWHUPLQDODVPDWHULDVSULPDVH[LVWHQWHVHQpO\SRUHOORORV
PDWHULDOHVGLVSRQLEOHVSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFXDOTXLHUSURGXFWR
(QHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHOWUHQ]DGRHQSDMDHOFOLPDHVWHPSODGR
PHGLWHUUiQHR


b. Actividad económica
/DYDULDEOHGHDFWLYLGDG(FRQyPLFDHVODVHJXQGDUHODFLRQDGD
FRQHOWHUULWRULR$YHFHVYLQFXODGDDOFOLPDDOSDLVDMH\ODH[LV
WHQFLDGHPDWHULDVSULPDVODDFWLYLGDGSURGXFWLYDGHFDGDUHJLyQ
GHWHUPLQDHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODSREODFLyQ\FRQGLFLRQDVXV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\QHFHVLGDGHV
(VHOFDVRGHODDFWLYLGDGDJUtFRODGHO9DOOH&HQWUDOODTXHKD
JHQHUDGRXQDVHULHGHWUDGLFLRQHV\DUWHVDQtDVDVRFLDGDVDOXVR
GHOFDEDOORHQWRUQRDOFXDOVXUJHWRGDXQDOtQHDGHRILFLRVTXH
SURGXFHQORVREMHWRVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHODSHURKXDVR/DV
DFWLYLGDGHVSURGXFWLYDVUHFRQRFLGDVVRQODVSODQWHDGDVHQ
LQVWLWXFLRQHVRILFLDOHVFRPRHOLQHRHOLQS(VWDVVRQDJULFXOWXUD
JDQDGHUtDSDUDHIHFWRVGHODVILFKDVLQFRUSRUDGDVVHFRQVLGH
UDUiODDFWLYLGDGPiVUHOHYDQWHDODORFDOLGDGPHQFLRQDGDFRPR
XELFDFLyQGHODSLH]D

Objeto
/DDUWHVDQtDHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHXQVDEHUKDFHUXQDH[SUHVLyQ
GHODYLGDGHXQDFRPXQLGDGTXHVHPDQLILHVWDHQXQREMHWRGH
GHWHUPLQDGDVIRUPDVWDPDxRFRORUHWF
 GRHQWUHFUX]DGRHQWUDPDGRVLPSOHIRUMDGDPDVTXLQDGRIRUMDGR
a. Rubro
3DUDKDEODUGHHVWRVREMHWRVVHKDQGLIHUHQFLDGRUXEURVTXHKDQ
VLGRREWHQLGRVGHODDUWHVDQtD*XtDPHWRGROyJLFDGHOD&1&$
HQWUHHOORVDOIDUHUtDFHVWHUtDFXHURKXHVRWH[WLO\RWURV(QHO
FDVRHVSHFtILFRGHOWUHQ]DGRHQSDMDVHGHILQLUiFRPRHOUXEUR
WH[WLO
 

b. Materias Primas
7RPDQGRODVVXJHUHQFLDVGHODJXtDPHWRGROyJLFDGHOD&1&$VH
GHFLGLyFDWHJRUL]DUODVPDWHULDVSULPDVGHVGHHOUHLQRDOFXDOpV
WDVSHUWHQHFHQ(OOLVWDGRGHPDWHULDVSULPDVTXHVHLQFOX\HHVWi
GHVDUUROODGRHQWRUQRDODUHDOLGDGGHODVDUWHVDQtDVSUHVHQWHV
KR\HQHOSDtV9DULRVGHHVWRVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVSXHGHQHQIUHQ
WDUDOJ~QWLSRGHDPHQD]DHQODDFWXDOLGDGORTXHHYLGHQWHPHQWH
DIHFWDUiHORILFLRDUWHVDQDOTXHVXVWHQWDQ
Tipo de materia
/DIRUPDTXHDGRSWDODPDWHULDHOFDVRGHOWUHQ]DGRHVPX\
LPSRUWDQWHSRUHVWRXQDYDULDEOHLPSRUWDQWHHVHOWLSRGHPDWHULD
ODFXDOLGHQWLILFDODIRUPDTXHWRPD$VtVHLGHQWLILFDDODWUHQ]D
FRPRXQDVXEPDWHULD\ORVWLSRVTXHH[LVWHQTXHVRQ)LQDVHPL
ILQD\JUXHVD

La técnica
9LQFXODGDGLUHFWDPHQWHDOPDWHULDOVHGHILQHQODVVLJXLHQWHV
VHJ~QHOOLEURFKLOHDUWHVDQDOSDWULPRQLRKHFKRDPDQR
(OOLVWDGRGHWpFQLFDVHVHOTXHVLJXH$GXMDDQXGDGRDUPDGR
ERUGDGRFRFLGRFRUWDGRFRVLGRFXUWLGRGHVEDVWDGRHQWUDPD
IXQGLGRIXQGLGRPDUWLOODGRODPLQDGRIXVLRQDGRLQFLVLyQODPLQD
GRODSLGDGRPDUURTXLQDGRPDUWLOODGRPL[WDPRGHODGRPROGHD
GRSLURJUDEDGRUHFRQVWLWXLGRUHFRUWDGRSHJDGRUHFWLOtQHD
UHSXMDGRVRSODGRWDODEDUWHUtDWDOODGRWHMLGRDWHODUERUGDGRWH
MLGRSXQWRWHMLGRWHODUWHxLGRWRUFLGRHQWUHWHMLGRWRUQHDGRWRU]DO
WUHQ]DGRWUHQ]DGRFRVLGRWUHQ]DGRHQWUHWHMLGRWURTXHODGR
c. Atributos de la técnica
+D\FULWHULRVDVRFLDGRVDODWpFQLFD\VXFRQWLQXLGDGTXHGHEHQ
LQFRUSRUDUVHFRPRYDULDEOHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQORTXHGLFHUHOD
FLyQFRQVXFRPSRUWDPLHQWRDORODUJRGHOWLHPSR\ODVFDUDFWH
UtVWLFDVTXHHQHOSUHVHQWHFRQVWLWX\HHOSURFHVR6HJ~QHOOLEUR
&KLOHDUWHVDQDOSDWULPRQLRKHFKRDPDQRVRQODVVLJXLHQWHV WUXFFLyQ\H[LVWHQGRVJUDQGHVJUXSRV
Recuperado:6HUHILHUHDDTXHOODVWpFQLFDVDUWHVDQDOHVTXH
GHVDSDUHFLHURQGXUDQWHDOJ~QWLHPSR\TXHDWUDYpVGHODLQYHV
WLJDFLyQRHVWXGLRVHKDQSRGLGRUHHVWDEOHFHUGHOPRGRPiVILHO
DVXPDQLIHVWDFLyQRULJLQDO(VHOFDVRGHODVUHSURGXFFLRQHV\
UpSOLFDV
Adoptado:6HUHILHUHDOVDEHUDUWHVDQDOTXHWHQLHQGRYDORUFXO
WXUDO\SDWULPRQLDOHVREWHQLGRGHFRQGLFLRQHVREMHWLYDVGLVWLQWDV
DODVGHOHVSDFLRHQTXHpVWHVHGHVDUUROOD)HQyPHQRTXHVH
GDFRQPD\RUIDFLOLGDGHQORVFRQWH[WRVXUEDQRVSRUODPD\RU
LQIOXHQFLDIRUiQHDDODVTXHHVWiQH[SXHVWRV
 HOLQLFLRGHODFRVWXUDHVVXFHQWUR
Mantenido:6HUHILHUHDDTXHOORVRILFLRVTXHKDQWHQLGRXQDFRQ
WLQXLGDGWDQWRHQVXWpFQLFDFRPRHQVXVGHPiVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVGHVGHVXRULJHQKDVWDHOSUHVHQWH
Declinante:6HUHILHUHDDTXHOORVVDEHUHVTXHSRUGLVWLQWRV
PRWLYRVHVWiQHQVHULRSHOLJURGHGHVDSDULFLyQRVHHYDO~DTXH
YDQFDPLQRDHOOR3XHGHVHUSRUFDXVDGHOGHVDSDUHFLPLHQWR
GHPDWHULDVSULPDVODH[WLQFLyQGHODFXOWXUDTXHODVXVWHQWDHO
FDPELRHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVSURGXFWLYDVODIDOWDGHPHUFDGRHWF
 Grupo no costureado6RQDTXHOODVHVWUXFWXUDVTXHQRVHFRVWX


Topología

Grupo
8QJUXSRHVXQFRQMXQWRGHSLH]DVVHPHMDQWHVHQFXDQWRDVX
FRQVWUXFFLyQRIRUPD(VWDVVRQFODVLILFDGDVHQEDVHDVXFRQV

Grupo costureado6RQDTXHOODVHVWUXFWXUDVTXHVHEDVDQHQOD
FRVWXUDFRQDJXMDHKLOR'HQWURGHHVWDH[LVWHQJUXSRV
Grupo a: /DIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDLQLFLDOHVXQDILJXUDJHRPpWULFD
VRODSDGDKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHHQEDVHDTXLHEUHV(QHVWHFDVRHO
LQLFLRGHODFRVWXUDHVVXFHQWUR
Grupo b: )RUPDSODQDTXHWLHQGHDHQUROODUVHVRODSDGDHQEDVH
DFXUYDVDFRWDGDV(QHVWHFDVRHOLQLFLRGHODFRVWXUDHVVX
YpUWLFH
Grupo c:/DIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDLQLFLDOHVXQDILJXUDJHRPpWULFD
VRODSDGDYHUWLFDOPHQWHHQEDVHDFXUYDVIRU]DGDV(QHVWHFDVR
Grupo d:)RUPDVGLVFRQWLQXDVFRQYDFtRVHQODWUDPDTXHVH
EDVDQHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHFXUYDV(QHVWHFDVRHOLQLFLRGHOD
FRVWXUDHVVXYpUWLFH
Grupo e: 6XSHUILFLHVGHFRVWXUDFRQWLQXDVLQYDFtRVFRQSUR\HF
FLyQFRQVWDQWHHQHVSLUDO(QHVWHFDVRHOLQLFLRGHODFRVWXUDHV
VXFHQWUR
UHDQVRORVHDGRVDQFRQXQDSLH]DH[WHULRU
Grupo f:)RUPDVFRQWLQXDVFRQYDFtRVHQODWUDPDTXHVHEDVDQ
HQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHFXUYDV\FtUFXORV(QHVWHFDVRHOLQLFLRGH
ODFRVWXUDHVVXYpUWLFH\XWLOL]DQXQDSLH]DH[WHUQDSDUDXQLUVH



Particularidad del grupo Tipo de curvatura
5HODFLRQDGRGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQHOJUXSRWHQHPRVODSDUWLFXODULGDG 3XHGHQH[LVWLUVXSHUILFLHVGHFXUYDWXUDVVLPSOHVFRPRHOyYDOR
GHOJUXSRODFXDOODGLIHUHQFLDGHORVRWURV(OJUXSRDVHFDUDF
RYRLGH
HVSLUDO
KpOLFH\ODV
FXUYDVFyQLFDVVHFFLRQHVGHXQ
WHUL]DSRUORVODGRVTXHYDQGHD\TXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDXQD FRQRFRPRFLUFXQIHUHQFLDăFtUFXORHOLSVHSDUiERODKLSpUEROD
ILJXUDJHRPpWULFDSRUODFXDOFRPLHQ]DSRUHMHPSORVLWLHQHWUHV 7DPELpQH[LVWHQODVFXUYDVFRPSOHMDVFRPRVRQODVGREOHVFXUYD
ODGRVHVXQWULiQJXOR\VLWLHQHHVXQSHQWiJRQR WXUDVSDUDERORLGH\RKLSHUEyOLFR
 
(OJUXSREVHUHODFLRQDFRQODILJXUDFRQODIRUPDJHRPpWULFDFRQ
ODFXDOVHYLQFXODODVXSHUILFLHFUHDGDFRPRSRUHMHPSORXQFRQR
RXQWURQFRGHFRQR

(OJUXSRFVHUHODFLRQDFRQHOSODQRTXHGHSHQGLHQGRGHOD
GLPHQVLyQVHFODVLILFDQVLHVSODQRFRUWRODUJRRGHVLJXDO

(OJUXSRGVHUHODFLRQDFRQORVYDFtRVHVWRVSXHGHQVHUUHJXOD
UHVRLUUHJXODUHV

(OJUXSRHVHUHODFLRQDQFRQHOWLSRGHHVSLUDOSXGLHQGRVHU
FLUFXODURHOtSWLFR

)LQDOPHQWHHOJUXSRIVHUHODFLRQDFRQYDFtRVTXHSXHGHQRQR
VHUUHJXODUHV


Solapado
(VWDYDULDEOHVHUHILHUHDODWUHQ]DTXHVHPRQWDVREUHRWUD\VH
WLHQHQGRVFDWHJRUtDV6RODSDGRYHUWLFDOKRUL]RQWDO\YDULDEOH
FDGDXQDGHHVWDVGHILQHODSUR\HFFLyQGHODWUHQ]D

Proyección
/DIRUPDFRPRVHGHVDUUROODXQDVXSHUILFLHHVODSUR\HFFLyQHVWD
SXHGHVHUVLPSOH\FRQWLQXDODTXHPDQWLHQHXQDIRUPDGHILQLGD
\RWUDFRPSOHMD\GLVFRQWLQXDODFXDOVRQGLItFLOHVGHSUR\HFWDUHQ 7DEODÈUEROGHYDULDEOHV5HDOL]DGRSRU&DPLOD&DPSRV

ODUHDOLGDG



 Triángulo paraboloide hiperbólico Cuadrado paraboloide hiperbólico

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza Semifina
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo A 6XEJUXSR Grupo A
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR3 lados 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR4 lados
6RODSDGR Solapado variable 6RODSDGR Solapado variable
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua 3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura, 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura,
paraboloide - hiperbólica paraboloide - hiperbólica

 Pentágono paraboloide hiperbólico Hexágono paraboloide hiperbólico

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo A 6XEJUXSR Grupo A
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR5 lados 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR6 lados
6RODSDGR Solapado variable 6RODSDGR Solapado variable
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua 3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura, 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura,
paraboloide - hiperbólica paraboloide - hiperbólica

 Octágono paraboloide hiperbólico Plano rectangular enrollado

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería


5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo A 6XEJUXSR Grupo B
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR8 lados 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRPlano corto
6RODSDGR Solapado variable 6RODSDGR Solapado horizontal
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura, 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Simple
paraboloide - hiperbólica



 Plano rectangular semi plano Plano variable enrollado

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza semifina 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo B 6XEJUXSR Grupo B
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRPlano largo 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRPlano desigual
6RODSDGR Solapado horizontal 6RODSDGR Solapado horizontal
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Semi plano 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple




 Tronco de cono Doble cono invertido

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo C 6XEJUXSR Grupo C
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRFigura circular, cono 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRFigura circular, doble cono
6RODSDGR Solapado vertical 6RODSDGR Solapado vertical
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y
circunferencia circunferencia

 Doble cono enfrentado Circunferencia continua en plano

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo C 6XEJUXSR Grupo E
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRFigura circular, doble cono 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSREspiral circular
6RODSDGR Solapado vertical 6RODSDGR Solapado horizontal
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y
circunferencia circunferencia

 Elipse continua en plano Doble elipse continua

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo E 6XEJUXSR Grupo D
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSREspiral eliptica 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRVacíos elípticos
6RODSDGR Solapado horizontal 6RODSDGR Solapado vertical
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continuo
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y
celiptica elíptica

 Doble curva con vacíos en la trama Circunferencias cuádruples continua

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo D 6XEJUXSR Grupo D
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRVacíos irregulares 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR Vacíos regulares
6RODSDGR Solapado vertical 6RODSDGR Solapado vertical
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja - discontinua 3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, cónicas y
elíptica elíptica

 Circunferencias quíntuples continuas Circunferencias múltiples adosadas

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR No Costureado *UXSR No Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo F
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR Vacíos regulares
6RODSDGR Solapado vertical
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, círculos 5

6XEJUXSR Grupo F
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR Vacíos regulares
6RODSDGR Solapado vertical
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple - continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple, círculos
multiples
 Octaedro paraboloide hiperbólico Triángulo extruido

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo A 6XEJUXSR Grupo B
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSR8 lados 3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRtriangulo conico
6RODSDGR Solapado variable 6RODSDGR Solapado continuo
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja-discontinua 3UR\HFFLyQ simple-continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura, 7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple
paraboloide - hiperbólica

 Cuadrado extruido Circulos adheridos multiples

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins 8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo &OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería (FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería
 

5XEUR Textil 5XEUR Textil

0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra 0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa 7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza gruesa
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido 7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido $WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado *UXSR No Costureado

6XEJUXSR Grupo B
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRcuadrado conico
6RODSDGR Solapado continuo
3UR\HFFLyQ simple-continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple
6XEJUXSR Grupo F
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRcirculos multiples
6RODSDGR Solapado variable
3UR\HFFLyQ Simple-continua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Curva simple


 (OFRVWXUHDGRHVXQDHVSHFLHGHREVWiFXORSDUDODVWUHQ]DGRUDV
\DTXHHOODVQRPDQHMDQHVWDWpFQLFDFRPRXQFKXSDOOHURDGH
PiVGHTXHODPiTXLQDWLHQHFLHUWDVOLPLWDFLRQHVHQFXDQWRDODV
QXHYDVIRUPDVTXHVHTXLHUDQJHQHUDUDGLIHUHQFLDGHODFRVWXUD
DPDQRTXHRWRUJDPiVOLEHUWDG

)LQDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDXQDPDQHUDGHGDUOHRWURFDPLQRDODV
WUHQ]DGRUDVFUHDQGRXQPHGLRHQHOFXDOVHXQDQODVWUHQ]DV
SDUDFRQVWUXLUQXHYDVVXSHUILFLHV3XGLHQGRVXSHUDUOtPLWHV
SUHVHQWDGRVDORODUJRGHODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQFRPRORIXHHO
DQFKRGHODWUHQ]D\DTXHDOTXHUHUJHQHUDUXQREMHWRDJUDQGH
HVFDODpVWDFXDOLGDGLEDVLHQGRXQQXHYRSHUFDQFHTXHGHEtD

23 Vacíos irregulares múltiples

VHUVROXFLRQDGR

8ELFDFLyQ VI Región de O’Higgins

&OLPD Templado mediterráneo
(FRQRPtD Agricultura y ganadería


5XEUR Textil
0DWHULDSULPD Reino vegetal, fibra
7LSRGHPDWHULD Trenza semi fina
7pFQLFD Trenzado y cosido
$WULEXWRVGHODWpFQLFDMantenido

*UXSR Costureado
6XEJUXSR Grupo D
3DUWLFXODULGDGGHOJUXSRVacíos elípticos
6RODSDGR Solapado variable
3UR\HFFLyQ Compleja - discontinua
7LSRGHFXUYDWXUD Doble curvatura compleja,
paraboloide - hiperbólica,


combinatoria.
Capítulo 6
Conclusiones



Síntesis de la investigación
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]RQDFHQWUDOHQOXJDUHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHUXUDOHVDVtFRPRWDPELpQ
ODFXOWXUDGHOVRPEUHURVLHQGRHVWRVGRVHOHPHQWRVTXLHQHV
GHVHQFDGHQDQODWUDGLFLyQGHODVFKXSDOODVFKLOHQDV
WULJRKDVWDODFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHODFKXSDOODWLHQHGHWUiVGH
XQDSLH]DHQHVSHFtILFRXQDYHUGDGHUDFDGHQDTXHOHYDGDQGR
DODSUHQGDXQVHQWLGRXQDIXQFLRQDOLGDG\XQDSUHVHQFLDHQHO
WHUULWRULR
/DVDELGXUtDGHFDGDWUHQ]DGRUD\FKXSDOOHUROHSHUPLWH\DGHVGH
ODREWHQFLyQGHOWULJRHOGHVWLQRGHHVDPDWHULDSULPD6DEHQ
FXiQGRGyQGH\FyPRWUHQ]DUTXpWLSRVGHWUHQ]DGRVGHEHQ
FRQIHFFLRQDU\FyPRSRVWHULRUPHQWHVHLUiFRVWXUHDQGRSDUD
FRQVWUXLUHOUHSHUWRULRWH[WLOTXHDWHVRUDQ'HWUiVGHFDGDDFWR
WHFQROyJLFRH[LVWHXQDFWRFXOWXUDO\DTXHODSUiFWLFDGHOWUHQ]DGR
\FRVWXUHDGRHVHQVtXQDPHPRULDFXOWXUDOTXHVHH[SUHVDHQXQ
KDFHU

(VWHWtSLFRVRPEUHURHVWiGLUHFWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRFRQHOWUHQ
(QHVWHTXHKDFHUDUWHVDQDOVHREVHUYDTXHODWUHQ]DWLHQHOD
]DGRHQSDMDSURGXFWRVHPLFRQIRUPDGRTXHOHGDDODFKXSDOOD
FDSDFLGDGGHJHQHUDUVXSHUILFLHVFRPSOHMDVDSDUWLUGHVXFRVWX
VXIRUPDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD(VWDODERUDSHVDUGHVHUVXPDPHQWH
UD/DWUHQ]DFREUDXQQXHYRVHQWLGRDOHVWDUXQLGDVJHQHUDQGR
LPSRUWDQWHHQVXIDEULFDFLyQSDVDGHVDSHUFLELGRHQPXFKDVRFD
XQPDQWRTXHSXHGHVHUIRUPDGR\GHIRUPDGRVHJ~QFRPRVH
VLRQHV\TXLHQHVORSURGXFHQQRVRQWRPDGRVHQFXHQWDGHQWUR
TXLHUD
GHHVWDFDGHQDGHYDORU

(VWiHOFDVRGHODVFKXSDOODVHQGRQGHDQWHVGHODKRUPD
(VWHHVHOFDVRGHODVWUHQ]DGRUDVGH&XWHPXVLWXDGDVHQOD
HVGHFLUGDUOHODIRUPDILQDOVHFRVHXQPDQWRHQIRUPDGH
9,5HJLyQTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQDFWXDOPHQWHVHJUHJDGDVWDQWR
FDPSDQDHVWDSUHIRUPDDQWHFHGHDODLPDJHQILQDOTXHVHORJUD
VRFLDO\WHUULWRULDOPHQWH6LQOXJDUDGXGDORVWUHQ]DGRVVRQXQ
SRVLFLRQDQGRHVWHPDQWRVREUHXQDPDWUL]SDUDOXHJRGDUOHOD
LPSRUWDQWHUHJLVWURDVtFRPRODOLWHUDWXUDODVDUWHVYLVXDOHV\OD
IRUPDDJROSHVGHPDUWLOOR\ILQDOPHQWHVHOHDSOLFDXQDJRPD
P~VLFDHVWHDQFHVWUDORILFLRHVSDUWHGHODPHPRULDFROHFWLYDGH
SDUDSODQFKDUODDSOLFDQGRFDORU\YDSRUDODODSDUDPDQWHQHUOD
XQSXHEOR
OLVD\ILUPH(VDTXtGRQGHDSDUHFHSDUDOHODPHQWHODWUHQ]DXQ
KXPLOGHHOHPHQWRTXHWLHQHHVFRQGLGRHQpOXQPXQGRPDWHPi
(QHVWD]RQDVHORJUDHVWDEOHFHUXQDWUDGLFLyQWH[WLO\GHWUHQ]DGR
WLFRHVWRVGRVWLSRVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVTXHDVLPSOHYLVWDVHYHQ
TXHVHFRQVWLWX\HSURGXFWRGHOWLSRGHSREODPLHQWR\GHODVUHOD
PX\RSXHVWRV\DOHMDGRVVHXQHQFRQIRUPDQGRXQDQXHYDPDQH
FLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVTXHORVWHUULWRULRVSUR\HFWDQWDQWRHQHOSDVDGR
UDH[SHULPHQWDOGHSRGHUWUDHUDSUHVHQFLDQXHYDVWRSRORJtDVGHO
FRPRHQODDFWXDOLGDG/DWUDGLFLyQHVWiIXHUWHPHQWHOLJDGDDOD
WUHQ]DGRHQSDMD
DJULFXOWXUD\ODJDQDGHUtDFRQXQDLQIOXHQFLDHVSDxRODFRQVWLWX
\HQGRDVtODLPDJHQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHOKXDVRFKLOHQR\ODFKXSDOOD
$SDUWLUGHOGHVFXEULPLHQWRGHOPRGHORPDWHPiWLFRGHODFKXSDOOD
TXHVHEDVDHQPRYLPLHQWRVHOtSWLFRVTXHGDQIRUPDDODVXSHU
/DFDGHQDGHSURGXFFLyQTXHFRPLHQ]DFRQODH[WUDFFLyQGHO


ILFLHHQFXHVWLyQDOPRPHQWRGHVHUFRVWXUHDGDVHFRQVWUX\HQ
IXQFLRQHVTXHGHWHUPLQDQODVFRRUGHQDGDVHVSDFLDOHVPiVHV
Conclusiones
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VHPLHMHPHQRUODPHGLGDGHOVHPLHMHPD\RU\ODDOWXUDGHOSXQWR
WRGRHVWRGHVFULEHPDWHPiWLFDPHQWHODWRSRORJtDGHODSUHIRUPD
GHODFKXSDOODWUDGLFLRQDO$GHPiVVHLQGDJDHQODPDWHPiWLFD
GHODWUHQ]DHQFRQWUDQGRXQDUHODFLyQFRQODHVWUXFWXUDGHORV
QXGRVTXHKDFHYHUODFRPSOHMLGDGGHORVWLSRVGHWUHQ]DGRV
La dualidad de la percepción social del artesano en la época
moderna
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HQWHQGLHQGRFRPRVHGHVHQYXHOYHQHQHOHVSDFLRODVVXSHUILFLHV
(QODVGHILQLFLRQHVDFWXDOHVGHODDUWHVDQtDH[LVWHQGRVFRQFHS
WUHQ]DGDVOOHYDQGRDVtHVWHVDEHUWpFQLFRDVXPi[LPDH[SUH
FLRQHVJHQHUDOHVPRGHUQDVTXHVHWLHQHQDFHUFDGHODDUWHVDQtD
VLyQDWUDYpVGHODµH[SHULPHQWDFLyQ¶GHODFRVWXUD\HOWUHQ]DGR
\FX\DIRUPDGHYHUODDIHFWDHQHOFyPRVHSHUFLEHHOSDSHOGHO
'HVGHODVPDWHPiWLFDVVHH[SORUDODVWRSRORJtDVSRVLEOHVFRQ
DUWHVDQR3RUXQDSDUWHGHMiQGRORIXHUDGHOFRQFHSWRFRPRXQ
UHODFLyQDODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHODWUHQ]D
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WDPELpQDIHFWDHOFyPRVHDERUGDDOPRPHQWRGHUHDOL]DUDFFLR
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QHVSDUDVXUHFXSHUDFLyQ
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/DDUWHVDQtDDEDUFDXQDIUDQMDPXFKRPiVDPSOLDTXHODFR


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LGHQWLGDGGHORVKRPEUHVTXHORVIDEULFDQ\ORVXWLOL]DQDVtFRPR WDQFLDOHV/DVWUHQ]DGRUDVTXHYLYHQHQORVVHFWRUHVPiVDLVOD
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VRFLDOHVUHOLJLRVRV\PRUDOHV([LVWHXQHTXLOLEULRHQWUHREMHWR\ LPSXHVWDVSRUORVLQWHUPHGLDULRVQRWHQLHQGRRWUDDOWHUQDWLYDGH
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WHQHUFRQFLHQFLDGHDPEDVSDUWHVSDUDQRGHMDUTXHODVDUWHVD
QtDVGHVDSDUH]FDQ
La condición periférica de las trenzadoras de Cutemu
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Estructuración vinculada en el trenzado de Cutemu
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Proyecciones


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Caso 2: Sombrero Panamá
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11.5HODFLRQDODVFDSDFLGDGHV\HOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHPDWHULDOHV Reseña Histórica

FRQODVIRUPDVSRVLEOHV\FRQVROLGDVXSURSyVLWRHQFRQWUDQGR El origen del nombre Panamá
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El Jipijapa en Chile y su influencia
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ODFRSDSXHGHOOHJDUDDSODVWDUVHHQHVWHFDVRHVWDVVHSXHGHQ
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Proceso de producción
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VXJUDQIOH[LELOLGDG\VXFDSDFLGDGSDUDTXHXQDYH]HQUROODGR (OSURFHVRGHFRQIHFFLyQGHORVVRPEUHURVGHSDMDWRTXLOOD
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 PDWHULDSULPD\ODFRQYLHUWHHQILEUDVRKHEUDVSDUDWHMHUODSDMD
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QRHVUHFRPHQGDEOHGHMDUHOVRPEUHURH[SXHVWRDOVROHQXQ
DPELHQWHFHUUDGR6LQHPEDUJRHODJXDRXQDH[FHVLYDKXPHGDG
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SRQHUDVLWXDFLRQHVGHH[WUHPDKXPHGDGVHSXHGHGHMDUUHSRVDU
HQXQDPELHQWHFXELHUWRGHOVROSDUDTXHVHVHTXH
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Conclusiones

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GHIDPD

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Levantamiento de datos

Primera salida a terreno

Identificación de artesanías de la sexta región. Entrevistados

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I Entrevista 50DUtD'HVGHPX\FKLFDIXLDSUHQGLHQGRVRODWRGDPLIDPLOLD
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Zaida Muñoz, Débora Vidal, María Reyes.

5. ¿Tiene su propio taller o trabaja en otro?

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1. ¿Cuándo empezó?
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6. ¿Cuál es su especialidad dentro del trabajo/negocio/taller?
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7. ¿Dónde se ubica su trabajo?
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D
5=DLGD&RPHQFpDORVDxRVDSUHQGtPLUDQGRDPLPDPi
8. ¿Cuál es su situación actualmente?¿Es igual a cómo
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comenzó?
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2. ¿En qué consiste su trabajo?
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9. ¿Tiene vínculos dentro del trabajo?(Redes)¿Cree que son
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necesarios?
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5(QWUHODVVtSRUTXHQRVFXQGHPiV

3. ¿Siempre se ha dedicado a lo mismo?

10. ¿Pertenece a alguna asociación de artesanos o algo pare-
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cido? (Es más un trabajo individual y competitivo o colabora-
tivo y comunitario?
4. ¿Su oficio pertenece al legado familiar o su interés propio
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lo llevó a desarrollarlo?
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R// Zaida: Aprendí mirando a mi mamá, y continué con ello, ya
que no había nada más.


11. ¿Cómo aprendió este oficio? (¿Quién le enseñó?).
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15. ¿Qué es lo que más le gusta de hacer este trabajo? ¿cuá-
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12. ¿Cuánto se demoró en aprender?
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13. ¿Existe algún vocabulario propio del oficio?
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les son las dificultades?
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16. ¿Qué tipos de objetos produce?
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18. ¿Cuáles son los objetos más comprados?
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19. ¿Cómo identifica que lo que usted hace está bien he-
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cho?¿Aspectos funcionales o apreciativos?
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14. ¿Por qué hace este trabajo? ¿Es el único trabajo que hace
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o tiene otras actividades?
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20. ¿Qué piensa usted que sus clientes más reconocen en
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sus productos?
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21. ¿Qué es lo más importante para ud cuando construye una
pieza?
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22. ¿Ustedes pueden reconocer quién hace cada pieza o
darse cuenta de la mano de la persona que la hizo?
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23. ¿Cómo comercializa sus productos?
51RVYLHQHQDFRPSUDU
24. ¿A participado en ferias de su localidad?
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WUHQ]DHQRWUDFRVDFRPRHQFXHURFRPRGHFRUDFLyQGHOFXHUR
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28. ¿Cómo fue su experiencia en el Nodo?
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29. ¿Cómo cree ud que puede mejorar o aportar en su oficio?
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30. ¿Le gustaría agregar algo más?
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25. ¿Cree que es una buena instancia para mostrar y que

otros valoren su trabajo?
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\QRVRWUDVSHGLPRV

26. Con respecto a su habilidad ¿Tiene que ver con una sabi-
duría adquirida o se relaciona con el talento de la persona?
¿Cuándo se llega a un buen nivel?
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FDULxR

27. ¿Le gustaría que alguien de su familia continúe con este

trabajo, por qué? ¿hay alguien interesado?.
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II Entrevista FRUWDSOXPDVHGHPRUDKRUDPLQ(OFXFKLOORPLQ7RGRVH
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Manuel Molina

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2. ¿Cuándo empezó?
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3. ¿En qué consiste su trabajo?
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DSHGLGR
4. ¿Siempre se ha dedicado a lo mismo?
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FDPSRSHURDSUHQGtJUDFLDVDPLVXHJUR
5. ¿Su oficio pertenece al legado familiar o su interés propio
lo llevó a desarrollarlo?
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DSUHQGtUiSLGR\GHVSXpVPHIXLLQGHSHQGL]DQGR0LVXHJURKD
WUDEDMDGRWRGDODYLGDHQHVWR/HJDGRGHPLVXHJUR
6. ¿Tiene su propio taller o trabaja en otro?
57HQJRPLWDOOHU\WDPELpQWHQJRWUDEDMDGRUHV
7. ¿Cuál es su especialidad dentro del trabajo/negocio/taller?
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+LFHXQLQYHQWRHORWURGtDXQDHVSXHODDQWLJXDPHODSLGLHURQ

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URGDMDHOSLKXHODKRUDPHSLGLHURQKDFHUFRPSOHWDGHKHUUDGXUD
\ODVHVSXHODV
8. ¿Cuál es su situación actualmente?¿Es igual a cómo
comenzó?
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FRPSUDU\RQRVDOJRDYHQGHUDQWHVFXDQGRFRPHQFpPHFRVWD
EDDQGDEDSRQLHQGRODFDULWDPHFRVWDEDDKRUDPHYDPXFKR
PHMRU
9. ¿Tiene vínculos dentro del trabajo? (Redes) ¿Cree que son
necesarios?
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ULRVSDUDSRGHUIDEULFDUPiVUiSLGR
10. ¿Cómo aprendió este oficio? (¿Quién le enseñó?)
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11. ¿Cuánto se demoró en aprender?
5$SUHQGtUiSLGRDSHVDUGHVHUXQSURFHVRGLItFLO
12. ¿Por qué hace este trabajo? ¿Es el único trabajo que hace
o tiene otras actividades?
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WRGRWRGR\WRGRVORVGtDVVHUHSLWHORPLVPR
13. ¿Qué hacen las personas que se encuentran en su ta-
ller?¿Cómo es su organización?
R// A medida que van aprendiendo, van haciendo, igual les voy
ayudando.
14. ¿Qué tipos de objetos produce? III Entrevista
R// De todo lo que me pidan, corta pluma, servicios, restauracio-
nes, etc. Pedro Tobar.

15. ¿Cuáles son los objetos populares dentro de su área?

R// Las cortaplumas.
1. ¿Usted es Talabartero?
5<RVR\WDODEDUWHUR
16. ¿Cómo identifica que lo que usted hace está bien he-
cho?¿Aspectos funcionales o apreciativos?
2. ¿Y en qué consiste la talabartería?
R// Si usa máquinas, es mal terminado, lo importante es la termi-
5/DWDODEDUWHUtDHVFRPRVHGLFHHOPRQWXUHURHOTXHKDFH
nación, lo que entra es por la vista, si es un trabajo mal hecho, no
PRQWXUDVDTXtWHQJRPRQWXUDVKHFKDVWHQJRXQDFRPSOHWDTXH
se lo van a tomar ni en cuenta.
HVSDUDFRUUDOHUD

17. ¿Qué piensa usted que sus clientes más reconocen en sus
3. ¿Le puedo sacar una foto?
productos?
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R// La originalidad, y que quede bien hecho, bien terminado.
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KDJR\R\KDJRFDUWHULWDVGHHVDVFDUWHUDV\PDOHWLQHVWDPELpQ
18. ¿Cuáles objetos son los más fáciles y los difíciles de pro-
PDOHWLQHVSDUDHMHFXWLYRTXHQRWHQJRHQHVWRVPRPHQWRVHVRV
ducir, por qué (tiempo, más material, partes difíciles, en qué
PRGHORVTXHKD\XQRVPRGHORVELHQERQLWRVPDOHWLQHVVRODPHQ
está la dificultad o la facilidad?
WHTXHHVOR~OWLPRVt\SRUDKtWHQJRHQXQRVJUDQGHVDVt
R// Lo más rápido son los cuchillo, se demora 30 min, las corta-
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plumas 1 hora y 30 min.
WDQSRUDKtHPEDODGRVWRGDYtD

19. ¿Cómo comercializa sus productos?

4. Me dijeron que se suspendió la vendimia mañana, por el
R// A pedido, ellos me piden, yo hago, me vienen a comprar aquí
clima.
también.
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20. ¿A participado en ferias de su localidad?
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PHQRV\HQVDQWLDJRLEDDOORYHUHOGtDGRPLQJR\HQWRQFHVDOOOR
YHUODJHQWHQRYLHQHDODILHVWD(QWRQFHVQRVRWURVWDPELpQQRV
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ODVVXVSHQGLHURQGLFHQTXHSDUDILQGHPHVSHURYDPRVDYHU
FRPRHVWDHOWLHPSRSRUTXHWDPELpQVHSXHGHVXVSHQGHU\\D
QRKDVWDHVWHRWURDxR


5. ¿Pero me imagino que la van a hacer?
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6. Y, ¿qué muestra usted allá?
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DVtKDJRKDUWDVFRVDVHVWRHVELHQDPSOLR
7. Yo le quería preguntar acerca de esto que me llama mucho
la atención, no se como se podría hacer o, ¿cómo se hace?
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\GHVSXpVYHQJR\R\ORFXEUR\KDJRODVPRQWXUDV\KD\RWUR
DUWHVDQRTXHKDFHHOHVWULERTXHHVGHPDGHUD
* Entonces es aparte.
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\GHVSXpVHOMLQHWH
8. Después que tiene esa estructura que le pone, ¿le pone
algo encima porque yo veo algo aquí?
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*Es un proceso muy largo.
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JpQHUR\GHVSXpVXQRORSRQHDOVRO\HOFXHURTXHHVORTXH
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DSUHWDUODPDGHUDQROHGDOXJDUDTXHVHSDUWDHQWRQFHVHVHO
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9. Esta montura, ¿cómo se llama?
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URGHRVGHORVSDtVHV\YLHQHQGHRWURHVWLORGHORVGHDFi
*Hay unos que vienen como aquí con cachos.
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10. ¿Pero parece que no es tan buena como esta?
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EDVWDQWH\KD\TXHVDEHUKDFHUOD
11. Entonces, ¿hay que saber cómo actúan los materiales?
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SLH]DOOHYDVXQRPEUH$TXtSRUHMHPSORHVWDVVRQODV
IDOGDV\HVWDVVRQODVSDUWHVGHODVIDOGDV\HVWRVHFRPSRQH
KDVWDDTXtVRQIDOGDVLJXDOTXHODSDUWHVGHDFiWDPELpQVRQ
IDOGDVHVWRVHOODPDFDEXUHVWRVHVWDVFRVLWDV\HVWDHVODFRSD
D\HVWDVRQODVSHOORQHUDV\HVRHVHOSDxRSDxHWHHOSDxR
LQFOXVRHVWHWLHQHXQQRPEUHTXHVHOODPDSHOHURHVWDVVRQ
ODVFLQFKDV\HVWRVVRQORVFLQFKRQHVODVFRUUHDVODVFLQFKDV
EXHQRHVWRVVRQORVDSUHWDGRUHVDVtTXHWRGDVODVSLH]DVWLHQH
VXQRPEUH
12. ¿Y todas estas piezas se cosen aquí, incluso estas costu-
ras?.
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SHUVRQD
13. ¿La medida va por el jinete o por el caballo?.
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XQHVWiQGDUGHOSRUWHSHURHOMLQHWHVLTXHWLHQHTXHYHUSRUTXH
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ORVPiVGHOJDGRVWDPELpQ+D\SHUVRQDVTXHSRUHMHPQRVDEHQ
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QHFHVLWDQODPRQWXUD\ROHGLJRDDTXtVHPLGHQSRUSXOJDGD\\R
OHGLJRWDQWDVSXOJDGDV\ORVFRUUDOHURVSRUORJHQHUDOFRPRHOORV
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HVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXLHURGHHVWDVDTXtTXLHURHVWDUDFiWRGR
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OHTXHGDPHMRUSRUTXHHOORVVDEHQGRQGHYDQDDSOLFDUOHDOJXQD
FRVDPiVJUDQGHPDVDOWDPDVEDMDHVWDSDUWHDYHFHVOHJXV
WDQXQSRTXLWRPiVEDMLWDDVtTXHKD\KDUWRGHWDOOHV

14. Y por ejemplo, para viajes largos ¿tienen algún detalle
especial para andar a caballo por varias horas?
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RPHQRVGHSRUDKtGHOPiVRPHQRVSDUDDFiSHURSDUD
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DWUiVHQWRQFHVTXpHVORTXHSDVDTXHHQODGHUHFKDORVHVWULERV
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GRSHURODVSHUVRQDVTXHDQGDEDQWRGRVORGtDVDFDEDOORVH
DFRVWXPEUDQWDQWRTXHYLYtDQDUULEDGHODVPRQWXUDVDUULEDGHOR
FDEDOORKD\JHQWHTXHWRGDYtDEXHQRDQWHVHUDPXFKRFRPRQR
KDEtDODORFRPRFLyQHOFDEDOORVLDTXtSRUHMHPSORHQ0DUFKLJH
VL\ROHFXHQWRGHDxRVDWUiVDTXtQRVHYHtDXQYHKtFXORSHUR
XVWHGORTXHYHtDHUDFDUUHWD\JHQWHDFDEDOOR\ORVFRFKHFLWRVD
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8QFDPLyQSRUDKtDOROHMRVHQWRQFHVVLXVWHGWHQtDTXHKDFHUXQ
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FRQPXODQRVHVLXVWHGFRQRFHHODQGDUHQPXODHQWRQFHVHVD
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\ORHFKDEDQHQXQDVMDXODVJUDQGHV\ORVFDUJDEDQDXQDPXOD
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KHUUDPLHQWDGHWUDEDMRSHUR\DGLJDPRVPX\UHGXFLGD
15. ¿Usted trabaja a pedido?.
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HVWHFXDUWRSRUTXHXQRVHSUHRFXSDGHHQIDOGDUHOFDVFRSRQHUOH
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IRUUDUHVWR\FDGDFXDOHQVXFRVDHQVXHVSHFLDOLGDGHQWRQFHV
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16. ¿Usted hace todo aquí?
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PRQWXUDKDFHUODFRPSOHWD
17. ¿Cómo adquiere la materia por ejemplo el cuero?.
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*Nadie va a entrevistar a los que hacen casas.
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18. ¿Y usted a qué edad aprendió esto?
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19. ¿El le fue enseñando?
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20. ¿Más o menos cuanto tiempo lleva eso?
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21. ¿Pero le gusta este trabajo?
50HJXVWDHVWHWUDEDMR

22. ¿Qué es lo que más le gusta de todo esto?
5/DVPRQWXUDVWHUPLQDUODVPRQWXUDVORTXHSDVDTXHXQRVH
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FDEDOORHQWRQFHVFRQRFLPRVORVFDEDOORVGHVGHFKLFRGHFXDQGR
\DDEULPRVORVRMRV\DUULEDGHORVFDEDOORVLHPSUH\YLYLHQGRFRQ
HOORVHQWRQFHVGHVSXpVYLHQHORVDSHURVPLSDSiVDEtDWRGRHO
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23. Entonces, ¿ya sabía cuando iba a trabajar?
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SHURHVRRWURORVDEtDLQFOXVRKDFHUWRGDVHVDFRVDVFXUWLHPEUH
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GUHYLQRQRVRWURVSXGLPRVKDFHUHVRQRVHQWUHJDEDQODOHUQD\
HOFXHURGHFDEURSDUDFRVHUHQWRQFHVORTXHFRQRFLPRVIXHHVWR
QRFRQRFLPRVORVDXWRVHQWRQFHVQRVRWURVSHQVDPRVTXHWRGD
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FDPSR\WRGRHVRSHURHUDPRVIHOLFHV\FKXWDTXHHUDERQLWDOD
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TXHHOWLHPSRLEDDFDPELDUWDQUiSLGRDKRUDHVWDPRVOOHQRVGH
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WHQHPRVTXHDSUHQGHUSRUREOLJDFLyQDFRQRFHUHVWH\GHUHSHQWH
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DKtQRVIXLPRVHQWRQFHVFODURFRPRQRORtEDPRVDTXHUHUVL
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24. ¿Esto de aquí es para formas esto?
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RPHQRVPRQWDGLWD\TXHQRVHPROHVWHSRUHVRHVTXHKD\TXH
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25. Esta parte ¿cómo dijo que se llamaba manto?
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26. ¿Y cómo logra que se quede asi de esta forma?
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27. ¿Estas piezas se cosen ahí por separado?
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28. ¿Y por qué piden a mano y no a máquina?
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29. ¿Son más fuertes las costuras?
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30. ¿El cuero de cabra es más duro?
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31. ¿Como una suela?
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FKLTXLWLWDVSDUDSRGHUFRVHU\ORYDFRFLHQGRYDUHHPSOD]DQGRHO
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32. ¿Y éste también es de Santiago?
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III Entrevista 7. ¿Y como se tiñe esto?
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iUEROHVPHJXVWDTXHKD\DQFDtGR
1. ¿Estas lanas las tiñe?
5&RQFiVFDUDGHFHEROODTXHVDFRFRPRKDVWDODODQDTXHHV
*Recolectar
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2. ¿Y esta es natural?
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\RORKHFKRHQOLWURVGHDJXDHONLORGHURPHUR\DKtGHVSXpVGH
3. ¿Y cómo es el proceso para teñirla?
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5$PLQRPHJXVWDFRQEHWDUUDJDKHWHxLGRSHURTXHGDXQ
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4. ¿Cómo que queda?
FRORU
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7. Osea si le hecha mucho romero, queda con muy poco color,
¿Y de ahí cuanto tiempo tiene que estar?
5. ¿Cómo este clarito?
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6. ¿Este está como en bruto? Pero solo teñida.
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8. ¿Por qué es mejor o por qué?
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*Eso es limpiarla.
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URPHURVLOYHVWUH


*Porque en el verano...
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9. ¿Y después de hervir esto se saca o se cuelga?
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*Para que absorba bien.
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10. ¿Y así usted la recibe o así hace usted todo esto?
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*Se va como enrollando así.
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11. Claro, y ¿cuánto se demora más o menos en hacer esta
cantidad?
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12. ¿La rueca como funciona?
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SXHGRDQGDUGRQGHTXLHUR\DYHFHVPHYR\DOFDPLQRDHVSHUDU
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13. Y ese por ejemplo cuando está ya de esa forma, ¿se puede
echar a teñir?.
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*Osea usted busca esta hoja y las va probando.
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*Ah, que interesante, y le dan distintos tonos.
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14. ¿Y el proceso es igual como en todos? ¿Los hierve y todo
eso?.
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QXQFDKHFRPSUDGRVDOGHPDUEXHQRTXHODVDOWDPELpQVH
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OHKHFKRXQSRTXLWRQRPiV
15. ¿Y qué tipo de materiales ha usado para teñir usted?
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KXHQWDPELpQVtKHXVDGRGHKDUWDVFRVDVFiVFDUDGHFHEROOD
ODKRMDVGHFHEROOD
16. ¿Eso es un cardo para?.
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17. ¿Tiene cardos acá señora Rosa?
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XQRViUEROHVGHFDUGRXQDVWUHPHQGDVPDWDVDVtVHSDVDYH
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YDDHVWDUVXDYHFLWDHVFRPRSHLQDUOR(VWRVHOODPDVDFDUIULVD
DODVPDQWDVHVWRHVXQDSLHFHUDYHPLUHWRTXHODDFiDKtQR
HVWiWDQWRPLUHHVWDVXDYHFLWDYH
18. ¿Esto usted de cómo se tiñe usted lo aprendió o lo co-
menzó a hacer usted misma?.
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*Ese era el problema.
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*Claro, usted ya tenía la experiencia.
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19. ¿Cómo a qué edad aprendió a teñir?
5&RPRDORVDxRV\DVDEtDWHxLUVt

20. ¿Y a hacer esto con la rueca e hilar?
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21. Y usted dice que no vivía acá.
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22. ¿Y usted allá aprendió o aprendió cuando llegó acá?.
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~OWLPR\RFDPELDEDSRUPXHEOHVXQFDEDOOHURWDPELpQFDPELDED
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*Empezó a cambiar...
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23. ¿Y que diferencia tiene el pelo de conejo con este?
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QRVRWURVSHGtDPRVSHORSDUDWUDHUSDUDODFDVDSRUTXHWHQtDPRV
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DKtKLODEDHQODUXHFDHQODQRFKHPHMRUHUDPXFKRPiV
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24. Y usted donde vende esto ¿en la feria?.
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25. Entonces, además de eso vienen acá ¿usted vende?
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26. En cuanto a colores ¿le encargan colores o usted ve?.
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* Bien interesante todos los colores como el ceñido y ¿usted
dice que va experimentando?.
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27. ¿Cómo va haciendo los ovillos?
5(VWRVVHKDFHQFRQODVDVSDFRQHVRTXHHVWiDOOiODDVSD
28. ¿Siempre ha hecho este mismo trabajo?
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29. ¿Qué es lo que más le gusta de este trabajo?
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30. ¿Más o menos los precios lo pone usted?
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31. Este es una piecera caballero puede ser también un chal
para ponerlo en la espalda ¿tiene telar?.
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32. ¿Después le pasa el cardo?.
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33. ¿Cuanto valen las lanas?.
5'HSHQGHGHODTXHXVWHGTXLHUDHVWiQWHxLGDVFRQFiVFDUD
GHFHEROOD\HVWDHVWDEDFRQKRMDVpVWDHVWiFRQODKRMDODUJD
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34. ¿Estas la hacen usted señora Rosa?.
51R\ROHGR\ODODQD\PHODKDFHODQLxD$TXtKD\XQDTXH
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35. ¿Esta como se llama?.
5(VWDVHOODPDWUDPDDODOX]VHYH
36. ¿Esto que es?.
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37. ¿Que eran esto palitos que tiene aquí?.
5(VWRVSDOLWRVVRQVHOODPDFXOHQ
38. ¿Con esto tiñe?.
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39. ¿Todos para teñir? pero, ¿lo mete a una olla los hace
hervir a ello primero?.
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HVDVGHPDOODTXHYLHQHODVFHEROODVGHHVWDVTXHWLHQHROODVODV
SHVR\ODVHFKRDKt\GHVSXpVODVDFRSRUTXHVLXQRODVKHFKR
DVtGHVSXpVFXHVWDPXFKRVDFDUODGHDGHQWUR
40. ¿Toda la lana que usted hierve adquiere el mismo color
que usted quiere o a veces queda de otro color?.
5$YHFHVTXHGDQGHRWURFRORUDYHFHVTXHGDQ
PDWL]DGDV(VFRPRODOH\GHODODQDTXHQRVRQLJXDOHVODV
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41. ¿Hay como un método para saber cual es la mejor lana o
es la mas buena?.
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\RWHQJRSRFDVRYHMDVVHQRWDDOWLURFXDQGRHVWiEXHQDSRUTXH
HVWDODUJDDVtHOSHOR\HVRODQDHVPHMRUSRUTXHHVHOHVDOHQ

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42. ¿Usted también saca lanas de sus ovejas esa es la misma
lana que usted compra?.
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ODQDHVPDODFXDQGRODVRYHMDVHVWiQIODFDV\PDO
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43. ¿Trabaja sola?.
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GHDEXUUHQROHJXVWDPXFKR
44. ¿Esos ovillos son distintos a las que tiene ahí?.
5(VDHVGREOHHVWRUFLGD
45. ¿Ésta la hace con el huso?.
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SRUTXHVDOHDVtGHODRYHMDPHGLDJULVHODPDULOORHVWHxLGR
46. ¿En la feria vendió? ¿cómo le fue?.
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6DQ)HUQDQGRYHQGLyYDULDVPDQWDVWRGRVYHQGLHURQFRVDVODV
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 Registro fotográfico

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Segunda salida a terreno

Entrevistas en torno al proceso, fabricación, comercialización Entrevistados

y adquisición de la chupalla
1. ÈOYDUR0XxR]
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I Entrevista *¿Son tres? una fina…
56tXQDPHGLDQD\RWUDJUXHVDDKtWHQJRODVWUHV\R
Álvaro Muñoz 6RQWUHVWDPDxRVHQWRQFHV«
5%XHQRHVRVDFR\RDOJXQRVVDFDQPiVSHUR\RVRORHVR

1. ¿En qué consiste su trabajo? 6HJXLPRVKD\TXHHVFRJHUSDMDSRUSDMD\VHOOHYDDODJXDVH

5(QORPLVPRTXHWRGDODYLGDKDFHUFKXSDOODVWRGRHVWRTXH PRMDXQDKRUDRGRVKRUDVKD\TXHWHQHUODPRMDQGR\GHVSXpV
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2. ¿Y usted hace las chupallas?. 5. ¿Cuánto equivale una brazada?.

56tKDJRWRGDVHVWDVFKXSDOODV 58QSRTXLWRPiVGHXQPHWUR

3. ¿Nos podría hablar más de ese proceso de la chupalla?

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Porque viene de la trenza, ¿cierto?.
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TXHTXHGHXQDWUHQ]DSDUHMDVLQRTXHGDUtDGLVSDUHMD
4. ¿Usted también trenzaba el trigo?.
5<RPLVPRODWUHQFHPXFKRSHURDKRUDQRWDQWRORKHWUHQ]D
6. Entonces la paja no es homogénea?.
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51RKD\TXHWUDWDUPiVRPHQRVFRPRDVtODSDMDVHSDUDXQ
SRFRGHODFROD\XQSRFRGHODJUXHVDSDUDLUKDFLHQGRTXHTXH
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'HVSXpVYDODPiTXLQDTXHSDVDDVt\OHYDGDQGRYXHOWDFRPR
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7. ¿Ese engomado qué material es?.
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5(VFRPRXQDJRPD
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8. ¿Es como para aislarla?.
53DUDDLVODUODSDUDTXHHOVRPEUHURTXHGHILUPH
9. En cuanto a la trenza, ¿cómo es una trenza para hacer una
buena chupalla?¿cómo debe ser una trenza?.
5/RPHMRUORPiVGHOJDGLWRTXHVHSXHGD\ORPiV
DSUHWDGLWDTXHSXHGDVHU\ORPDVSDUHMLWD
10. También hemos escuchado de la existencia de la ¿cro-
cha?.
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ODFRPSUDQDVt\RWHQJRXQORFDOHQ6DQWD&UX]\DKt\RWHQJR
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ODGRSHURHVDYLHQHDVtEUXWDVLQQDGDQLXQDFRVDHQWRQFHV
VHOHWRPDDVtODPHGLGD\VHKDFHFKXSDOODVFDUtVLPDVHVWR\
KDEODQGRGHOXFDVSDUDDUULEDHVDVVRQODVFKXSDOODV,JXDO
TXHHVWHFLQWXUyQHVWHWLHQHKHELOOD\YDOHPLOSHVRV\HVWDQR
SHURVHWRPDDODPHGLGD\YDOH
11. ¿Usted siempre ha comprado trenzas?.
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12. ¿Y cómo usted escoge la trenza?.
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13. Pero, ¿qué ve usted en una trenza cuando la va a com-
prar?.
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FRPSUDXQDWUHQ]DPDODOHYDDVDOLUXQDFKXSDOODIHD

14. ¿Usted le pone precio o le ofrecen?.
5¢&RQUHVSHFWRDODWUHQ]D"VtHOORVOHSRQHQVXSUHFLR\\ROH
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15. ¿Nunca es como fijo?.
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16. ¿Y le a tocado que por ejemplo una trenza al coserla se
rompe o se quiebra, o pasa en general?.
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17. ¿Quiere decir entonces que la trenza no estaba bien
hecha?.
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WDFRQODVWLMHUDVODVSHJD\QRVHQRWDVHDUUHJODHQODFRVWXUD
XQDEXHQDFRVWXUHUDHVRVtVLHVXQFRVWXUHURPDORQRYDDVHUYLU
ODFKXSDOODSHURXQEXHQFRVWXUHUROHYDDTXHGDULJXDOHVRHV
WRGRORTXHWLHQHODFKXSDOOD
18. Y por ejemplo ¿la chupalla siempre ha sido el mismo
modelo o antes era de la copa más pequeña?.
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<RDQGRKDUWRPLUHPXFKR\RDKRUDDQGRHQFDVLWRGRVORVODGRV
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6DQWD&UX]
$KRUDHVWR\DFi\D\\RDYHFHVPHMXQWRFRQKDUWRVFRQFKXSD
OODVDTXtSDUHFHTXHHVWR\VRORDKRUD\\RQXQFDKHTXHGDGRPDO
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19. ¿Usted va por ejemplo a los festivales, a los
eventos?.
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QXQFDSHUGtHVWRQXQFD\RPHFDOODEDQROHFRQWHVWDEDSRUTXH
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20. Y usted para sus sombreros, ¿qué tipo de trenza utiliza?.
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21. ¿O es el mismo trenzado el que utiliza siempre?.
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22. ¿Lo único que varia es el espesor de la paja?.
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23. Entonces usted me decía que para escoger la trenza ade-
cuada usted veía que fuera pareja?.
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HVWDUtDWRGDGLVSDUHMDOHVVDOGUtDQXQRVFDFKRVSDUDORVODGRV

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24. Y además de eso, ¿en más se fija?.
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25. ¿En qué se fija usted para reconocer una buena chupa-
lla?.
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26. ¿Y por qué se achica la copa?.
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27. ¿Estas chupallas usted las compra o las sigue haciendo
usted?.
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28. Y cuando usted compra la trenza, ¿la compra II Entrevista
directamente a la trenzadora o también a intermediarios?.
51RGLUHFWRDODWUHQ]DGRUD\RQRFRPSURQDGDQDGDDSHUVR Cristian Rodríguez.
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DHOODVQRFRVDVSRUVHJXQGDVPDQRVSRUTXHDKtVHKHFKDD
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1. ¿Cuál es su nombre?.
29. ¿Cuántos chupalleros conoce más o menos en la región?. 50LQRPEUHHV&ULVWLDQ5RGULJXH]
5(QODUHJLyQKDEtDQPXFKRVRWURV\WUHQ]DGRUDVPXFKDV
FRVWXUHUDVPXFKDV3HURDKRUDFRPRVHSXVRWDQPDODHVWD 2. ¿Cuándo empezó a vender chupallas?.
FXHVWLyQVHYHQGHPX\SRFRHOVRPEUHURODFKXSDOODVHYHQGH 5'HKDFHDxRV
SRFRDVtTXHODJHQWHORGHMyGHKDFHUWUHQ]DGRUDKD\SRFD<R
YLYRXQSRFRPiVDUULEDGH&XWHPXHQ&ULVWDOLOOR\FRQR]FRDGRV 3. ¿Y en este local?.
RWUHVWUHQ]DGRUDVPiVSHURQRVRWURVWRGDYtDWUHQ]DPRVSDUD 56tHQHVWHORFDO
SRGHUKDFHUWUHQ]DVSHURFRPROHGLJRDQWHVHUDQPXFKDVKDEtD
PXFKDVWUHQ]DGRUDVKDFtDQPXFKDVFKXSDOODV\DKRUDQDGLH 4. ¿Y siempre se ha dedicado a lo mismo?.
0LUHDOJRPiVFXDQGROOHJyLPSXHVWRVLQWHUQRVDOOiDQRVRWURV 56LDOUXEURWtSLFRGHKXDVR\WRGRVVXVLPSOHPHQWRV
DKtDOJXQDVVHIXHURQ\\RQRWXYHPLHGR\DTXtHVWR\\QRPHKD
SDVDGRQDGD 5. ¿Qué tipo de sombreros vende?.
59HQGRVRPEUHURVGHSDxRGHSHOR\ODFKXSDOOD
30. ¿Y por qué fue eso?.
53RUTXHWXYLHURQPLHGRGHLPSXHVWRVLQWHUQRVSHQVDURQTXH 6. ¿Cuál de estos sombreros es el más vendido?
ORVLEDQDDSUHWDUPXFKR\RVHJXtKDVWDDKRUD 5(OGHSDxRSRUVXYDORUHVPiVEDUDWR

31. Cuando se plancha la chupalla para que quede recta ¿se
plancha también con vapor?.
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ILUPHODFKXSDOODSRUTXHVLVHSODQFKDVGHYDSRU
GHVSXpVVHKDFHWLUDPXFKR\FRQHOYDSRUDOWLURTXHGDILUPH
32. ¿Qué tipo de sombreros es el que más vende?.
5$KRUDHOTXHVHYHQGHPiVHVHVHHQWHURSRUTXHHVPDV
EDUDWRSRUHOSUHFLROXFDVDOWLUR\RORWHQJREDUDWR
7. ¿Qué tanto más barato?.
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8. ¿Y qué tipo de chupalla vende?¿fina solamente?.
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9. Aproximadamente, ¿cuántas chupallas vende al día?.
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10. ¿Qué tipo de comprador viene habitualmente?.
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ODILQDSHURSDUDHOGHSURWHJHUVHGHOVROHVODPiVEDUDWD
11. ¿Cómo le pone el precio a cada una de las chupallas?.
53RUORILQRGHOWHMLGRDKtORGLIHUHQFLDPRV
12. ¿Usted le compra a un chupallero directamente?.
56LOHFRPSURGLUHFWRDXQDSHUVRQDEXHQRHOFKXSDOOHURYLHQH
VLHQGRHOVHJXQGRSRUTXHHOSULPHURHVTXLHQODVWUHQ]D\ODV
FRVHHOFKXSDOOHURODVWRPD\KDFHODFKXSDOODGHVSXpVYHQLPRV
QRVRWURVTXHVRPRVTXLHQHVYHQGHPRV
13. ¿Y ustedes tratan directamente con el chupallero?¿No
con intermediarios?.
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14. ¿Cuáles son las cualidades de las chupallas más finas?.
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15. Entonces, usted las ve.
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16. ¿Cuántos chupalleros más o menos conoce de la región?.
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17. ¿Y usted ya tiene a alguien fijo?¿ya conoce su forma de
trabajar?.
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III Entrevista
Compradores
a. Germán
0. ¿Cuál es su nombre?.
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1. ¿Dónde compró esa chupalla?.
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2. Más menos, ¿cuál fue su precio?.
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8. ¿Cómo algo más identitario?
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4. Y más menos, ¿cuánto le dura?.

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0. ¿Cuál es su nombre?.
5. Algunos la reparan, ¿usted lo ha reparado alguna
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chupalla o compra otra?.
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1. ¿Dónde compró la chupalla?.
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2. ¿Cuál fue su precio aproximadamente?.
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3. ¿Hace cuánto la tiene?.
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6. ¿Qué tan frecuente la utiliza?.

4. ¿Y no la repara?.
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7. ¿Qué cualidades le encuentra a la chupalla?

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5. ¿Siempre se ha comprado este tipo de chupalla de trenza
fina?.
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0. ¿Cuál es su nombre?.
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1. ¿Por qué usa ese tipo de chupalla?.
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2. Entonces llega a un nivel que es muy fina y de ahí para
arriba…
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3. ¿Usted siempre la ha ocupado?
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precios...
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5. ¿Cómo obtiene el material, como lo trabajan?.
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6. ¿Todos tienen un tipo de trenzado diferente?.
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7. ¿Entonces simplemente se identifica el trenzado si es
redondo o es plano?.
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9. ¿Cómo determinan que un producto está bien hecho?.
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10. ¿Cómo ven que una trenza o un trenzado está bien hecho,
qué cosas ven?.
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11. ¿Cada cierto cantidad sale uno?.
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12. Ese tipo de trenzado que usted me habla ¿siempre lo ha
hecho de la misma manera o antes era otro tipo de trenzado?.

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13. ¿Pero el trenzado siempre ha sido mas o menos el mis-
mo?.
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14. ¿Existe una relación entre el tipo de trenzado y su fun-
ción?.
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15. Osea, el trenzado ¿qué tiene?.
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Registro fotográfico

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Quinta salida a terreno

Entrevistados:
Entrevista a emprendedora diseñadora

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1. ¿Qué tipo de productos diseñas bajo tu marca?
5&ROODUHVSXOVHUDVDURV\URSD
2. Enfocándonos en los accesorios ¿qué propuesta formal
tienen tus productos? .
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HVGHHVHWDPDxRSRUTXHVLQRSRGUtDQVHUGHPPODVFXHUGDV
SHURVHUtDXQFROODUJLJDQWH\WDPSRFRVHUtDWDQYHQGLEOH\\R
OOHJXpFRPRDHVHWDPDxRGHOFROODUGHIRUPDSRUHOWHUPLQDOTXH
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SRUTXHXQRSXHGHWHQHUPX\EXHQDVLGHDVSHURDFiQRHQFXHQ
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VHFXiQWR\QRSRKD\TXHYHUORTXHKD\\FRQHVRORVFRORUHV
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3. ¿Cuánto te demoras en la fabricación de uno de tus pro-
ductos? ¿cómo varían de uno a otro?.
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PRVHQVHULHHVPiVUiSLGR
4. ¿Cómo defines los precios de los productos?.
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OLPLWDORGHIRUUDUODWHODSRUTXHQRSXHGRKDFHUPHWURVIRUUDGRV

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5. ¿Cómo se originó la idea de tu marca?.
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WRGRSHUR\DHUDGHPDVLDGRFRPSOLFDGR\PiVTXHQDGDEDViQ
GRPHHQWRGRORTXHHVHOWUHQ]DGRPDUtWLPR\WDPELpQFRPRGH
VFRXWJHQHUDUFXDOTXLHUQXGR\VDFDUORGHFRQWH[WRRUHSHWLFLyQ
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SUREDQGRPDVTXHQDGDSXURH[SHULPHQWDQGR\WDPELpQLQIOX\H
ODWHQVLyQGHODFXHUGDVLHVEODQGDVLHVGXUDFODURSRUTXHVLHV
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IRUPDWDQERQLWDFRPRVLIXHVHXQDFXHUGDPiVEODQGDWRGRHVR
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6. ¿Tu usas de algodón?.
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7. ¿Y eso tu lo fuiste probando de a poco?.
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8. ¿Utilizas diferente cordón en un mismo collar?.
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9. ¿Cómo fue el paso de tener una idea a tener una marca
propia?.
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VRORRVHDVLPHSUHJXQWDVDKRUDHVPiVIiFLOFRPHQ]DUDHP
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KDEUpOOHYDGRRDxRVDVtLQIRUPDOHQIHULDV\HVR2VHDIXH
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10. Claro, de repente bueno ahora nosotras estamos traba-
jando en un espacio no se si conoces es makerspace, bueno
cuando nosotras llegamos igual fue un poco chocante por-
que nos preguntaron ¿cuál es su modelo de negocios?¿van
a emprender con ésto? y nosotras así como eeh… ¿qué está
pasando?.
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IXHGiQGRVHDVtGHDSRFR

11. Tu me dijiste que comenzaste con nudos marítimos, pero
¿cuál fue como en general las áreas que tú tomaste como
para desarrollar estos accesorios?¿algo como especial?-
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12. Y eso de los nudos marítimos que tu nos decías, ¿tú ya
sabías hacerlos o tu los aprendiste?.
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PLFXHQWD
13. ¿Cómo fue la evolución de estos nudos marítimos a algo
mucho más contemporáneo? porque nosotras hemos visto a
muchas otras personas que han abstraído por así decirlo un
trabajo manual artesanal y lo llevaron como tu a un aspecto
más contemporáneo, ¿cómo fue ese cambio? tu lo tomaste,
lo viste, lo estudiaste o fue algo que se dio.
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14. Osea tu viste algo y…
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SHURSRU
15. Nosotras leímos también que trabajabas mucho con el
color, ¿nos podrías hablar de eso?.
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16. Que bonito, y ¿cómo haces eso?.
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17. Oh, y pasa súper desapercibida.
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PXFKRSDUDLUDODRILFLQDSRUTXHQRWLHQHTXHFDPELDUVHWDQWD
URSDFODURVHFDPELDHOFROODU\FDPELDWRWDOPHQWH

18. Una última pregunta, hablando como del tema de la arte-
sanía, ¿cómo crees que el diseño puede aportar a todo este
mundo? porque igual tú sacaste como algo el tema de los
nudos, que es artesanal y siempre se ha hecho.
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TXLHUHKDFHUORTXHKDFtDHOSDSiRHODEXHORQRVHSRDKRUD
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19. ¿Cómo empezaste así con tu taller?
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20. ¿Y porque viste que ésto iba para más?
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21. Como veo tu trabajas con más personas.
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22. Una duda sobre la experiencia como es la Escuel, ¿cómo
ha sido quizás el fruto que te dejó? para poder desarrollar
esto.
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Podemos decir entonces que, se logra ver claramente que
la artesanía en nuestro territorio ha ido desapareciendo por
múltiples factores, partiendo por el bajo perfil de los mismos
artesanos hacia su oficio, la falta de apreciación y valori-
zación de terceros hacia la artesanía y esto se ve reflejado
en la baja adquisición de los productos, el hecho de que no
exista un fuerte interés de las futuras generaciones de poder
continuar con este tipo de trabajo, el mismo arraigo territorial
de cada oficio que hace que con el paso del tiempo vayan
siendo aislados de grandes ciudades y el desarrollo. Es por
esto que disciplinas como el diseño se han interesado en
esta área para lograr de alguna forma hacer perdurar la ar-
GH&XWHPX¶ tesanía, ya que ésta refleja lo enriquecedor que puede llegar
a ser nuestro territorio, nuestra identidad, nuestra cultura y
patrimonio.


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Inicio - bienvenida: 15:00 hrs

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1. Hablaron de un solo teñido y hay otro como oscuro, ¿cuál
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2. A partir de la experiencia de ustedes, ¿eso significa que
ellas pueden hacer otras formas, para ayudarlas a hacer otras
formas?.
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3. ¿Cómo fue su experiencia trabajar con una diseñadora, y
también si es que han aprendido algunas cosas o qué han
aprendido?.
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4. Rocío, para ustedes también, así como la cadena va
subiendo el producto, ¿qué pasa con eso? por ejemplo,
Cahuil vale $500 el kilo de sal y en la Dehesa vale $5.000 .
Aquí también hay un gran trabajo, ¿cómo se valora? porque
va subiendo el valor a medida que se va transportando y
llevando a otro lugar, es un trabajo que no tiene una remu-
neración equivalente a un punto de venta, el punto de venta
es muy alto 10 veces o quizás más, mucho más yo creo, 30
veces de lo que ellas fabrican ¿qué se hace o ha hecho con
ese transe?
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WLHQHXQDFDQWLGDGGHWUDEDMRGHVGHODVLHPEUDODFRVHFKDHQHO 6. Tengo una pregunta relacionada con el largo de la trenza,
ZRUNVKRSYDPRVDYHUPiVGHHVRSHURHVPXFKRWUDEDMR3DUD entonces ¿una trenza se puede ocupar para una chupalla?
KDFHUXQDWUHQ]DVRQPXFKDVKRUDVLJXDOHVFRPSOHMRHOWHPD pero quizás hay otras cosas que hacen que tengan que unir
GHVGHHOYDORUTXHVHOHGDDOSURGXFWRTXHVHDSUHFLRMXVWRDODV dos trenzas y así, no se, se me ocurre.¿cómo pasa con algo
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HMHPSORODFKXSDOODVDOH(VWiODWUHQ]DGRUDGHVSXpV unión de la trenza.
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5. Rocío, ese es el tema, que yo les quería preguntar, la otra PiV
vez cuando fuimos a sus casas, lo relataron bien, el tema del
trabajo con la trenza, que después quien elige la trenza la es-
coge el chupallero, no se si ¿eso lo podrían relatar brevemen-
te? ese proceso de fabricación y venta.
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 Rocío Schatzke
Diseñadora Industrial, e[ad] PUCV

'EQMPE'EQTSW]'EVSPMRE+SR^¤PI^
Títulantes Diseño III

15:00 hrs
Sala Primer
Char la
E´S(MWI´S )\TIVMIRGMEHIYRSȁGMSWMXYEHS

TRENZADORAS DE CUTEMU

16:20 hrs
7EPE+PSFS
Wo r ksho p
Trenzado en paja de trigo

Edita Muñoz Inscripciones para Workshop:

Trenzadora en paja de trigo https://goo.gl/wmZHC1
$3.000 por persona
Débora Vidal trenzadoenpajadetrigo2018@gmail.com
Trenzadora en paja de trigo Cupo máximo 25 participantes
Álvaro Muñoz
Chupallero


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