‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻛوﻧﻔرﺗر ﺟﮭد ﻣﺗﻐﯾر اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬

TOPSwitch-GX ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت‬

Designing AC to DC Converters
using
TOPSwitch-GX

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 Agenda
• Introduction
• TOPSwitch-GX Operation
– Built-in Features
– User Configurable Features
• Designing AC to DC Flyback Converters using TOPSwitch-GX
– Why Flyback?
– TOPSwitch-GX Flyback Design Methodology
– Application Examples
– Hints & Tips
• Designing AC to DC Forward Converters using TOPSwitch-GX
– TOPSwitch-GX Advantages in Forward Converters
– Forward Basics
– TOPSwitch-GX Forward Converter Design Methodology
– Application Examples
– Hints & Tips

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 Continuous Innovation

TIME
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• PI is on the leading edge of innovation in power conversion, continuously introducing

breakthrough topologies and technologies
• Since introducing the original TOPSwitch® device in 1994, PI has continued to
innovate with new technologies and circuit topologies
• The newest PI device families can be seen along the right hand side of this slide
 Cost Effective Over Wide Power Range
DPA-Switch 0 W - 100 W ‫ﺟﮭد ﻣﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬

LinkSwitch® 0W-4 W

TinySwitch-II ‫ﺟﮭد ﻣﺗردد اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬

TinySwitch
2 W - 20 W

TOPSwitch-GX 10 W - 250 W

Output Power (Watts)

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• Power Integrations’ power conversion ICs cost effectively cover:

‫ وات‬250 ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻻﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣوﯾل ﻣن ﺟﮭد ﻣﺗردد اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﺣﺗﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
‫ان‬- ‫ •ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻠﯾﻧك ﺳوﯾﺗش ﺗﻰ‬LinkSwitch-TN <50 mA to 360 mA (non-isolated) ‫ﺑﺎور ﻏﯾر ﻣﻌزول‬
‫ •ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻠﯾﻧك ﺳوﯾﺗش‬LinkSwitch <1 W to 4 W (isolated) ‫ وات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺎور اﻟﻣﻌزول‬4 ‫ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ •ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﻧﻰ ﺳوﯾﺗش‬TinySwitch-II 2 W to 20 W (isolated) ‫ وات ﺑﺎور ﻣﻌزول‬20 : 2 ‫ﻣن‬
‫ • ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﺗوب ﺳوﯾﺗش‬TOPSwitch-GX 10 W to 250 W (isolated) ‫ وات ﺑﺎور ﻣﻌزول‬250 : 10 ‫ﻣن‬
‫ – ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل ﻣن ﺟﮭد ﻣﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬24/48 V DC-DC applications, from one watt to 100 watts
• DPA-Switch <1 W to 100 W (isolated) ‫ وات‬100 ‫ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم اﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ﺷرﻛﺔ ﺑﺎور‬

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• Many major OEMs worldwide use Power Integrations’ ICs in their products
 ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ﺗوب ﺳﯾوﺗش ‪ -‬ﺟﻰ اﻛس‬

‫‪TOPSwitch-GX Highlights and Packages‬‬

‫‪P-package‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎور ﻣن ‪ 10‬وات اﻟﻰ ‪ 200‬وات‬ ‫)‪(DIP-8‬‬
‫ﺟﮭد دﺧل واﺳﻊ اﻟﻧطﺎق ﯾوﻧﯾﻔرﺳﺎل وﻋﺎﻟﻣﻰ‬
‫‪G-package‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛوﻧﻔرﺗر ﻓﻼﯾﺑﺎك واﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬ ‫)‪(SMD-8‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣوﺳﻔت داﺧﻠﻰ ‪ 700‬ﻓوﻟت‬

‫‪R-package‬‬
‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺑﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫)‪(D2PAK‬‬

‫ﺑﮭﺎ داﺋرة ﻓﺣص ارﺗﻔﺎع او اﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬

‫ﺑﮭﺎ داﺋرة ﻛﺷف ﺷورت اﻟﺧرج او زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺣﻣل او ﻗطﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺧط اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك‬ ‫‪F-package‬‬
‫‪(TO-220-‬‬
‫واﯾﺿﺎ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة‬ ‫)‪cropped‬‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﮭﻠك ﻗدرة اﻗل ﻣن ‪ 100‬ﻣﻠﻠﻰ وات ﻋﻧد اﻻﻧﺗظﺎر‬

‫‪Y-package‬‬
‫ﺑﮭﺎ داﺋرة ﺗﻌدﯾل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗردد‬ ‫)‪(TO-220‬‬

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 ‫اﻻﺟﮭزة اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬TOPSwitch-GX

Personal computer
(Main and Standby)

Consumer Audio

Printers
Notebook and
LCD Monitor
DVD/DVR
adapters

Industrial power supplies

Set-top boxes
LCD monitor

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• TOPSwitch-GX cost effectively addresses a wide range of end products and

applications in the 10 to over 200 watt range
• This slide depicts some of the most popular applications that use TOPSwitch-GX.
Most of these applications have stringent energy efficiency requirements that are
easily met using the TOPSwitch-GX EcoSmart features
 TOPSwitch-GX Operation
‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻣل اﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ﺗوب ﺳوﯾﺗش‬

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 ‫‪TOPSwitch-GX Basics‬‬

‫‪CONTROL pin characteristic‬‬ ‫‪A TOPSwitch-GX based power supply‬‬

‫‪IC‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪TOPSwitch-GX is a current-to-duty-cycle converter‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﺮول ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻛﺎﺑﻠﺮ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺴﺲ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺨﺮج واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺴﺎع ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻔﺖ‬

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‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اى ﺗﺘﺤﺴﺲ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺨﺮج وﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺴﺎع ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫وھﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮدد ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ دﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل اﻛﺑر ﻣن ‪ 50‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾﺔ دون اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺧط اﻟﺗﻌوﯾض‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول ﻟﮫ وظﯾﻔﺗﯾن ‪ :‬ﻓﮭو ﻣﺻدر ﺗﯾﺎر ﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟدواﺋر اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ واﯾﺿﺎ ﯾﻌﻣل ﻛﺧط ﻓﯾدﺑﺎك ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎر ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗﻧﺎﺳب‬
‫ھذا اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻊ ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج ﺣﯾث ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾزﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧل ﻟﮭذا اﻟﻣدﺧل ﻓﺎن اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺗﻘﻠل ﻣن اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل اى ﻣن ﻋﻣل‬
‫اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻘل ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج‬
 ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻣل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺗوب ﺳوﯾﺗش‬

‫ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ‪ :‬ﯾﺗم ﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷﻛل‬

‫ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬
‫‪( µF ) 47‬‬

‫ﯾﺗم ﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول اﻟﻰ ﺟﮭد ‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﻣن‬

‫ﺧﻼل ﻣدﺧل اﻟدرﯾن اﻟﻰ داﺋرة ﻣﺻدر ﺗﯾﺎر داﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﻘوم‬
‫ﺑﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف‬

‫‪ -‬ﻻﺗوﺟد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑدء ﺗﺷﻐﯾل وﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌظم اﻟدواﺋر ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ھﻧﺎ ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬
‫وﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ ‪ 47‬ﻣﯾﻛرو ﻓﺎراد‬

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 ‫ﺑدء ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت‬

‫ﯾﺑدا ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج ﻓﻰ‬

‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬

‫ﯾﺗم اﻻﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت‬

‫اﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم‬
‫ﺑﻌد وﺻول ﺟﮭد ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﯾﺑدا اﻟﻣوﺳف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺑﺑدء‬
‫ﻧﺎﻋم ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣوﺟﺔ ﻣرﺑﻌﺔ ﯾﻛون‬
‫اﺗﺳﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻣﻧﺧﻔض وﯾزﯾد ﻣﻊ اﻟوﻗت‬

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 ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻧظﯾم ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج ﺑﻌد ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

‫‪IC‬‬
‫ﻋﻧد وﺻول ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗﻧظﯾﻣﮫ وﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺧط‬
‫اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك‬

‫ﺑﻌد ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت واﻧﺗﻘﺎل اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى وﺑزﯾﺎدة ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج ووﺻوﻟﮫ اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺟﮭد اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم ﯾﺗم‬
‫ﻣرور ﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ ﻟﯾد اﻟﻔوﺗوﻛﺎﺑﻠر وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﻣر ﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗراﻧزﺳﺗور وﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻠف اﻟﺷﺗﻐﯾل ﺑﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف‬
‫اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ اﻟذى ﯾﻧﻔﺻل ﻓﻰ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻠﺣظﺔ ﺗﺎرﻛﺎ ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

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 ‫‪Start-up Control Pin & Drain-node Waveforms‬‬
‫‪Soft-start‬‬
‫‪output voltage rises‬‬

‫ﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬ ‫ﻋﻧد وﺻول ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم ﯾﺗم ﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻣن‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠف اﻟﺷﺗﻐﯾل وﺗوﻗف اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻟﻼﯾﺳﻰ‬

‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬

‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم‬

‫اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدرﯾن‬

‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

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‫‪Normal start-up: CONTROL pin & Drain-node (switching) start-up waveforms‬‬

‫ﯾﺑدا ﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول ﻣن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ اﻟﻰ ان ﯾﺻل اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻰ ‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت‬

‫ﺑﻌد وﺻول اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻰ ‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﺗﺑدا اﻻﯾﺳﻰ اﻟﻌﻣل ﺑدء ﻧﺎﻋم اى ﺗﺑدا ﺑﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﻓﺗرات ﻗﺻﯾرة ﺗزﯾد ﻣﻊ اﻟوﻗت‬

‫ﯾزﯾد ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج اﻟﻰ ان ﯾﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺟﮭد اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗم ﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﺑدا اﻟﻔوﺗوﻛﺎﺑﻠر اﻟﻌﻣل وﻣرور ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻠف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﺗراﻧزﺳﺗور اﻟﻔوﺗوﻛﺎﺑﻠر اﻟﻰ ﺷﺣن ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل واﻟﻰ اﯾﺿﺎ ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ داﺋرة اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج ﻟﯾﺗم ﺿﺑطﮫ ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻌدﯾل ﻓﻰ اﺳﺗﺎع‬
‫ﻣوﺟﺔ اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﺑﻧﺎءا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧل ﻣن ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬
 ‫داﺋرة اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺑدء اﻻﺗوﻣﺎﺗﯾﻛﻰ ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺷورت او وزﯾﺎدة اﻟﺣﻣل‬

‫ﻓﺗرة اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم‬ ‫ﻟو اﻧﺧﻔض ﺟﮭد ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪4.8‬‬
‫ﻓوﻟت ﺑدون وﺻول ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣن اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك ﯾﺗم وﻗف‬
‫وﻋﻣل رﯾﺳﺗﺎرت ﻟﻼﯾﺳﻰ‬

‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﺗوﻗف‬

‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻓﺗرة ﺗوﻗف اﻻﯾﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

‫ﻓﺗرة ﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف وﺗوﻗف اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت‬ ‫اﻟﺗوﻗف ‪ 7‬دورات ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف‬

‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود ﺷﯾﺊ ﻏﯾر طﺑﯾﻌﻰ ﻛﺷورت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧرج او اﻧﻘطﺎع ﻓﻰ ﺧط اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﺑدء اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷﺣن ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺎدة ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ اﻟﻰ ان ﯾﺻل اﻟﻰ ‪ 5.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﻓﯾﺑدا اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﺑدء ﻧﺎﻋم‬
‫وﻓﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻓﺗرة اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم اذا ﻟم ﯾﺗم ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻔوﺗوﻛﺎﺑﻠر ووﺻول ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻧﮫ ﻟﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟﺣدوث‬
‫ﺷورت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧرج او وﺟود ﻓﺻل ﻓﻰ ﻓرع اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك ﻓﺎن ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﺳوف ﯾﻧﺧﻔض ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ان اﻟﻣﻛﺛف‬
‫اﺻﺑﺢ ﺑدون ﺷﺣن ﻻن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﻗد اﻧﻔﺻل ﻓﺎذا ھﺑط ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﻰ ‪ 4.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﯾﺗم وﻗف‬
‫اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﻋن اﻟﻌﻣل وﯾﺗم ﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﻣن ﺟدﯾد ﻣن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﻣدة ‪ 7‬دورات ﻣن ﻣوﺟﺔ اﻟﻣذﺑذب‬
‫ﺣﯾث ﺗﺑدا اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﻣن ﺟدﯾد وﯾﺑدا اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﺑدء ﻧﺎﻋم ﻣرة اﺧرى‬

‫ﺑﻌد اﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻓﺗرة اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم اذا ﻟم ﯾﻣر ﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔوﺗوﻛﺎﺑﻠر ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟوﺟود ﻧﻔس اﻟﺧطﺎ ﻣﺛل ﺷورت او ﻓﺗﺢ‬
‫ﻓﺎن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف ﯾﻧﺧﻔض ﺟﮭده ﻣن ﺟدﯾد وﯾﻧزل اﻟﻰ ‪ 4.8‬ﻓوﻟت ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺟﻌل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺗوﻗف اﻟﻣوﺳﻔت ﻣرة اﺧرى‬
‫ل ‪ 7‬دورات ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﺎد ﺷﺣن اﻟﻣﻛﺛف وھﻛذا ﺗﺗﻛرر اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل وﻋﻣل رﯾﺳﺗﺎرت‬
 ‫ﻧﻣﺎذج ﻻﯾﺳﻰ اﻟﺑﺎور ﺗوب ﺳوﯾﺗش ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻰ ‪ 34‬وات‬
‫ﻗدرة اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻋﻧد اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اداﺑﺗور او ﺑوردة ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬ ‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬
‫رﻗم اﻻﯾﺳﻰ‬
‫اداﺑﺗور‬ ‫ﺑوردة ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اداﺑﺗور‬ ‫ﺑوردة ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Adapter‬‬
‫‪P-package‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻻداﺑﺗور ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻧﻣوذج اﻟﻌﺎدى‬ ‫)‪(DIP-8‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Open Frame‬‬ ‫‪G-package‬‬

‫)‪(SMD-8‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑوردة اﻟﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻻﯾﺳﻰ اﻟﺳطﺣﯾﺔ‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Filename: GX Basics 05212004‬‬

‫‪• See the TOPSwitch-GX data sheet for the detail of the conditions that the power table‬‬
‫‪ratings (in this slide) are based on‬‬

‫ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻻﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎور ﻣﻐﻠق ﻣﺛل اﻻداﺑﺗور واﯾﺿﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎور ﺑوردة ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ وﺗﻼﺣظ ﻣن اﻟﺟدول‬
‫ان ﻗدرة اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺎور اﻟﻣﻔﺗوح اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن ﻗدرة اﻻداﺑﺗور ﻧظرا ﻟﻔرق اﻟﺗﮭوﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗدرة اﻻﯾﺳﻰ‬
 ‫ وات‬82 ‫رﻗم اﻻﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ذات ﻗدرة ﺣﺗﻰ‬
OUTPUT POWER TABLE – R PACKAGE (D2PAK)

230 VAC ±15% ‫ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل‬ 85-265 VAC ‫ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل‬

PRODUCT
‫رﻗم اﻻﯾﺳﻰ‬ Adapter Open Frame Adapter Open Frame
‫ﺑوردة ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬
TOP242 R 21 W‫اداﺑﺗور‬ 22 W 11 W 14 W

TOP243 R 29 W 45 W 17 W 23 W

TOP244 R 34 W 50 W 20 W 28 W

TOP245 R 37 W 57 W 23 W 33 W

TOP246 R 40 W 64 W 26 W 38 W

TOP247 R 42 W 70 W 28 W 43 W

TOP248 R 43 W 75 W 30 W 48 W

TOP249 R 44 W 79 W 31 W 53 W R-package
(D2 Pak)
TOP250 R 45 W 82 W 32 W 55 W

25 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

 ‫ وات‬290 ‫رﻗم اﯾﺳﯾﮭﺎت ذات ﻗدرة ﺣﺗﻰ‬
OUTPUT POWER TABLE – Y or F PACKAGE (TO-220)

230 VAC ±15% 85-265 VAC

PRODUCT
Adapter Open Frame Adapter Open Frame
F-package
TOP242 Y or F 10 W 22 W 7W 14 W (TO-220-
cropped)
TOP243 Y or F 20 W 45 W 15 W 30 W

TOP244 Y or F 30 W 65 W 20 W 45 W

TOP245 Y or F 40 W 85 W 26 W 60 W

TOP246 Y or F 60 W 125 W 40 W 90 W

TOP247 Y or F 85 W 165 W 55 W 125 W

TOP248 Y or F 105 W 205 W 70 W 155 W

TOP249 Y or F 120 W 250 W 80 W 180 W Y-package

(TO-220)
TOP250 Y or F 135 W 290 W 90 W 210 W

26 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• The main power supply in a personal computer (PC) application, with a voltage
doubler input stage, has a much wider input voltage range than 230 VAC ±15%, due to
the typical hold-up time requirements. Therefore, the device power capability in PC
Main applications will be closer to that of a universal input (85-265 VAC) range
 ‫ﻣدة اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم ‪ 10‬ﻣﻠﻠﻰ ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل اﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم ﺣﯾث ﺗﺑدا ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ ﺛم ﺗزﯾد ﻣﻊ اﻟوﻗت‬

‫• ﻓﺎﺋدة اﻟﺑدء اﻟﻧﺎﻋم‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺨﻔﻒ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬ ‫اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل‬
‫اﻗﺻﻰ دﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻔﺖ اﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪78%‬‬
‫‪Loop closed‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪No soft-finish capacitor‬‬ ‫دﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺪء‬
‫‪Duty Cycle‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام داﺋرة اﺧﻣﺎد ﻣن‬

‫ﻧوع ‪RCD‬‬
‫‪Loop closed‬‬
‫‪With soft-finish capacitor‬‬
‫اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل‬
‫زﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﻣﻠﻠﻰ ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪Time‬‬

‫ﺗدرج اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل اﺛﻧﺎء ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Filename: GX Basics 05212004‬‬

‫‪• DCMAX: Maximum duty cycle‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺧﻔﯾض اﻟﺗردد ﻋﻧد اﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل‬
%10 ‫ﯾﺗم ﺗﺧﻔﯾض اﻟﺗردد ﻋﻧد اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ﺣﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻘل اﻟدﯾوﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻛل ﻋن‬

‫اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ اﺛﻧﺎء ﻋدم اﻟﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬

– <200 mW at 115 VAC
– <300 mW at 230 VAC

• <100 mW no-load consumption at 230 VAC is possible using the X pin

(M pin on P package) with a simple external circuit configuration
– See User Configurable Features section

34 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• When in standby, the 10% duty cycle threshold drops the TOPSwitch-GX switching
frequency at high line. This automatically compensates for the increased switching
losses at high line
• The no-load consumption figures given in this slide represent the latest data, which is
not represented in the examples shown later in this presentation. More information is
available at www.powerint.com
 ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟدرﯾن واﻟﺳورس اوﺳﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣودﯾﻼت اﻟﺟدﯾدة‬

Wide Package DRAIN – SOURCE Creepage

Standard TOPSwitch-GX TOPSwitch-GX
3-pin TO-220 Y package P package

• TOPSwitch-GX has greater creepage than a standard 3-pin TO-220

• Increased creepage reduces probability of arcing
• Important for forced air cooled (high pollution) environments

36 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• The tab of the Y (R and F) package(s) is connected to the source of the Internal
MOSFET, not the drain; as normal power MOSFETs are. This helps to reduce EMI
noise generation, since the source of the MOFET is a “quiet” (non-switching) node
 TO-220/7/6 ‫اﻟﻣروﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم واﻟﺗرﻛﯾب ﻟﻠﻣودﯾل‬
Package tab is mounted
to the heatsink

The height of the aluminum As the heatsink moves,

heatsink changes with the package moves
temperature, at a different
rate than that of the copper Formed leads allow legs
lead-frame to absorb movement,
which reduces the force
on solder joints, and
PC Board prevents solder pad lifting

Heatsink fixed to
board or chassis

• Lead bend prevents PC board damage due to thermal cycling

• Improves long term reliability

37 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• Lead forming reduces the mechanical stresses caused by the differences in the
coefficients of expansion, between the copper lead-frame and the aluminum heat
sink, and minimizes the effects of repetitive stress (from thermal cycling) on solder
joints and PCB solder pads
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪X‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ X‬وﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫‪86%‬‬
‫‪using‬‬
‫‪8.25 kΩ‬‬

‫‪43%‬‬
‫‪using‬‬
‫‪25 kΩ‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ X‬ﻟﻼﯾﺳﻰ‬

‫‪Note: A value of RIL > 45 kΩ may initiate the remote OFF function‬‬

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‫ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻣوﺳﻔت‬

‫ﻋﻧد رﺑط اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ X‬اﻟﻰ اﻻرﺿﻰ ﻓﻘد ﺗم ﻋﻣل ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎر ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ‪ 100‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬
 ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗدرة ﻟﻠﺧرج ﻋﻧد ﺟﮭد دﺧل ﻣﻌﯾن‬

‫ﻋﻧد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ = ‪ 0‬ﻟن‬

‫ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر وﺳﯾﺻل‬
‫‪ILIMIT = 100 %‬‬ ‫ﻻﻗﺻﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﮫ ‪4.6A‬‬
‫‪RIL = 0 kΩ‬‬
‫= ‪Overload‬‬
‫‪4.6 A out‬‬

‫= ‪Max load‬‬
‫‪2.5 A out‬‬
‫‪1µs/div‬‬
‫ﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧد ‪ 86‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾﺔ ﻣن‬
‫اﻋﻠﯩﻘﯾﻣﺔ وﺳﯾﻛون اﻻوﻓر ﻟوود ‪3.8A‬‬
‫‪ILIMIT = 86 %‬‬ ‫‪RIL‬‬
‫‪RIL = 8.25 kΩ‬‬ ‫‪Programs‬‬
‫‪Ilimit‬‬
‫• ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧرج‬
‫= ‪Overload‬‬ ‫اوﻓر ﻟوود =‪3.8‬‬
‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪RIL‬‬
‫‪3.8 A out‬‬ ‫اﻣﺑﯾر‬

‫اﻗﺻﻰ ﺗﯾﺎر ﻟﻠﺣﻣل = ‪Max load‬‬

‫‪2.5 A out‬‬ ‫=‪ 2.5‬اﻣﺑﯾر‬
‫‪1µs/div‬‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪Filename: GX Basics 05212004‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ھذا اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ﻓﺎن اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ X‬ﺗﻘﻠل اﻗﺻﻰ ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺣﻣل ب ‪%17‬‬

‫ﻋﻧد ﺗﺧﯾض اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﯾﺧﻔض ﻣن ﺛﻣن داﯾود اﻟﺧرج ﻻﻧﮫ ﺳﯾﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر داﯾود ذو‬
‫ﺗﯾﺎر اﻗل وﻛذﻟك ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﺧرج‬
 ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗدرة ﻟﻠﺧرج ﻋﻧد ﺗﻐﯾر ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯾن ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل وﻗدرة اﻟﺧرج ﺑدون رﺑط اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪RLS‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Without RLS‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫)‪Pout (W‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫)‪Vin (Vac‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯾن ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل وﻗدرة اﻟﺧرج ﺑﻌد رﺑط ‪RLS‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫‪With RLS‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫)‪Pout (W‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺑرﺑط اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ RLS‬اﺻﺑﺢ ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ X‬ﻣرﺗﺑط‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺑﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫)‪Vin (Vac‬‬

‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪Filename: GX Basics 05212004‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻼﯾﺑﺎك ﻛوﻧﻔرﺗر ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ‪ CCM‬ﻓﺎن ﻗدرة اﻟﺧرج ﺗزﯾد ﻋﻧد زﯾﺎدة ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل وذﻟك ﻋﻧد ﺛﺑﺎت ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺧرج ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث زﯾﺎدة ﻓﻰ ﺟﮭد اﻟدﺧل ﺑﺗﺧﻔﯾض ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫ﺑﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻗﺻﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺧرج ﺳﯾﺗم ﺗﺧﻔﯾض ﻗﯾﻣﺔ داﯾود وﻣﻛﺛف اﻟﺧرج وﻛذﻟك اﻟﻣﺣول وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺳﺗﺧﻔض‬
‫ﺳﻌر اﻟﺑﺎور‬
 100 ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﺗم ﺗﺧﻔﯾض اﻟﻘدرة ﻻﻗل ﻣن‬X ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣدﺧل‬
‫ﻣﻠﻠﻰ وات اﺛﻧﺎء اﻻﻧﺗظﺎر‬

• TOPSwitch-GX can be configured as a current mode controlled device

• The X pin is used to control the internal current limit

• Below the minimum internal current limit (~ 30%), the OFF time is
extended (by stopping the internal oscillator) to retain output regulation

• At no-load, the lower switching frequency minimizes the switching

losses

44 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• For devices in the P package, the M pin combines the X and L pin functions
 ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺑﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺑﺗﯾﺎر ﻗﻠﯾل ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬

‫ ﻟﺗﻧظﯾم ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧرج‬X ‫ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣدﺧل‬

Q1 turns on only
after 2.2 mA has Q2 turns on during
been supplied to the forward pulse,
CONTROL pin. The charging C6.
additional current is
then routed to the Ramp voltage on
X pin, as feedback C6 provides slope
compensation
allowing >50% duty
Noise decoupling to cycle operation.
maintain stable D1 protects the Q2
feedback current base during the
Flyback period

The X pin current is modulated by feedback from the output, which adjusts the internal current limit
At the minimum current limit, the off time is extended, lowering the switching frequency

45 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• This circuit acts as a fixed frequency PWM controlled power supply at medium and
high loads, that reduces its switching frequency (further than the TOPSwitch-GX
normally does) at lighter loads
• The auto-restart function works normally (for a shorted output or an open feedback
loop fault) in this mode of operation. If the current in the opto-LED drops to zero, the
CONTROL pin current will also drop to zero, and the auto-restart mode will be entered
• For devices in the P package, the M pin combines the X and L pin functions
• NOTE: 2.2 mA of CONTROL pin current is sufficient to power the device. At 2.2 mA,
the MOSFET duty cycle stays very near the maximum of 78%
 ‫اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ ﺑدون ﺣﻣل‬

Standard TOPSwitch-GX TOPSwitch-GX

PWM CONTROL PIN X or M Pin
Fixed FEEDBACK Feedback
Frequency (Voltage Mode) (Current Mode)

Input Power 115 VAC 738 mW 247 mW 66 mW

Input Power 230 VAC 1310 mW 372 mW 74 mW

PI-3215-052003

100 V/div 100 V/div 100 V/div

DRAIN 200 µs/div DRAIN 200 µs/div DRAIN 200 µs/div

Fixed frequency at any Standard TOPSwitch-GX TOPSwitch-GX current mode
load (standard PWM) no-load frequency reduction no-load frequency reduction

46 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• A standard PWM usually requires minimum load to maintain regulation at light loads
• The TOPSwitch-GX does not require a minimum load, since the switching frequency
is reduced at light loads
• The TOPSwitch-GX ‘X pin current mode’ frequency reduction provides excellent
no-load performance and the inherent characteristics of current mode operation
• NOTE: In the three sample waveforms (going from left to right) shown above, the
effective switching frequencies are approximately 132 kHz, 33 kHz and 1.2 kHz
 ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺿﺑط ﻣدﺧل اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻧﺧﻔﺎض او ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬
‫ﺗﻘوم اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ RLS‬ﺑﺗﺣﺳس اﻟزﯾﺎدة او اﻻﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﻓﻰ ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬

‫ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺿﺑط اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻗل ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﮭد ‪ UV‬واﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﮭد‬
‫‪ OV‬ﺑﺣﯾث ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ‪4.5 : 1‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫ھﻧﺎك دواﺋر داﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اى زﯾﺎدة ﻋﺷواﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﮭد اﺛﻧﺎء ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬

‫ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺣﺳس اﻟﺧط‬

‫اﻗل ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬
‫ﺟﮭد ﻣدﺧل اﻟﺗﺣﺳس‪VUV − VL‬‬
‫= ‪R LS‬‬
‫‪IUV‬‬
‫ﺟﮭد ﻣدﺧل اﻟﺗﺣﺳس‬

‫ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣدﺧل ‪ L‬ﺑﺎﻟﻣﯾﻛرو اﻣﺑﯾر‬ ‫‪( VI‬‬

‫ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣدﺧل اﻟﺗﺣﺳس‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5 V‬‬
‫‪UV = 50 µA‬‬
‫)‬

‫‪47‬‬

‫داﺋرة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﻧد ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﯾﺗم ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﺑﺎور ﻓﻘط ﻋﻧد وﺻول ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ 100‬ﻓوﻟت‬
‫‪ -‬اﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻟو اﻧﺧﻔض ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط ووﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ 40‬ﻓوﻟت ﯾﺗوﻗف اﻟﺑﺎور ﺑواﺳطﺔ داﺋرة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط داﺧل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻧد ﺗوﻗف اﻟﺑﺎور واﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻣن ﺟدﯾد ﻟن ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺑﺎور اﻻ ﻋﻧد ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط اﻟﻰ ‪ 100‬ﻓوﻟت‬

‫داﺋرة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﻧد ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط ووﺻوﻟﮫ اﻟﻰ ‪ 450‬ﻓوﻟت ﺗﺗوﻗف اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻋن اﻟﻌﻣل ﺑواﺳطﺔ داﺋرة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﮭد اﻟﺧط‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻌد ﺗوﻗف اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺳﯾﻧﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻛﺛف اﻟدﺧل اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻰ وﺗﻌود اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻣل ﻣن ﺟدﯾد اذا اﻧﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪434‬‬
 Duty Cycle (DCMAX) Reduction with Input Voltage

• RLS also reduces DCMAX with input voltage

• Prevents transformer saturation under
transient/fault conditions in Forward
topology converters

51 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• When the DCMAX function is operating, the MOSFET duty cycle is about 30% at the OV
shutdown threshold
 ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗردد ‪ 66‬ﻛﯾﻠو او ‪ 132‬ﻛﯾﻠو ھﯾرﺗز وذﻟك ﺣﺳب طرﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك (‬

‫ﻟﻌﻣل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗردد ‪ 132‬وات ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻣل اﻻﯾﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗردد ‪ 66‬ﻛﯾﻠو ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل‬
‫ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك اﻟﻰ اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻔﯾدﺑﺎك ﻣﻊ ﻣدﺧل اﻟﻛﻧﺗرول‬

‫ﺗﻌﻣل ھﻠﻰ ﺗردد ‪ 132‬ﻛﯾﻠو ھﯾرﺗز‬

‫ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋل ﺗردد ‪ 66‬ﻛﯾﻠو‬
‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻣﺣول ﺻﻐﯾر اﻟﺣﺟم‬
‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻋﻧﺎﺻر ﻣﺣول اﻛﺑر‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻗﯾد اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام داﺋرة ‪ R-C‬ﺳﻧوﺑر‬
‫ﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾض اﻟﻧوﯾز‬

‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪Filename: GX Basics 05212004‬‬

‫‪• Operating frequency can be chosen to best suit the requirements of the application‬‬
 Low Power Remote OFF Consumption
TECHNIQUES 115 VAC 230 VAC IDRAIN

Using X pin 73 mW 157 mW 490 µA

Using L pin 135 mW 247 mW 800 µA

Using external bias 2 mW 2 mW 7 µA

PI-3109-082702

Active ON (X pin) Active OFF (L pin)

Data sheet
shows many
other
configurations

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• There are multiple ways to implement a remote ON/OFF function

• Two examples are shown using alternate polarity signals
• Remote OFF, with an external bias, is shown on the next slide
• (7 µA is the quiescent current for the internal current source, when it is off)
 Other X Pin and L Pin Configurations

See data sheet Fig 16-29

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 M pin Combines X Pin and L Pin Functions
for DIP8/SMD8 Packages

TOPSwitch-GX TOPSwitch-GX
Y package P package

The TOPSwitch-GX P and G

packages combine the L pin and
the X pin functions into a single
pin called the M pin

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• The combination of the X and L pin functions onto the M pin limits the use to one or
the other function. When using a device with an M pin, both the L pin function and
the X pin function cannot be used at the same time
 User Configurable Features and Functions
FEATURE PIN BENEFIT

Allows optimum transformer size

Programmable Current
X pin Allows overload protection with
Limit (30% to 100%)
line-voltage feed.

Frequency Reduction Enables <100 mW no-load

X pin
Current Mode Control consumption

Accurate UV/OV L pin Single resistor programming

Programmable Duty Prevents transformer saturation

L Pin
Cycle Reduction vs Line (useful for Forward converter)

132 kHz - reduced transformer size

Selectable Switching 66 kHz - reduced switching loss.
F Pin
Frequency Allows RC snubber for video noise
reduction

Low component count

Remote on/off L pin/X pin
Allows low off-state consumption
PI-3188-051503

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• User configurable features and functions provide design flexibility, while reducing
system cost
 Disabling User Configurable
Features and Functions

• Features and functions on user

configurable pins can be
disabled by connecting those
pins to the SOURCE pin

• All of the built-in features and

functions still work, even when
used in the three terminal mode

Three terminal
operation

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• Built-in features and functions require only the three standard TOPSwitch terminals,
DRAIN, SOURCE and CONTROL, and no external components
 Block Diagram
Accurate adjustable Internal 10 ms soft-start High-voltage Startup
current limit No external components Current Source

Auto-restart for
short circuit
protection

Accurate
UV/OV line
sense
Loss-less
current sense

High Speed
Accurate 700 V Power
132/66 kHz MOSFET
clock
frequency
Frequency Reduction for Thermal shutdown
no-load regulation (EcoSmart)

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• See the TOPSwitch-GX data sheet for a detailed description of the block diagram
• The TOPSwitch-GX provides the highest level of integration, incorporating the most
commonly used primary side functions in a single monolithic device
 Appendix

60 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

 Auto ON/OFF Power Supply using
TOPSwitch-GX Remote ON/OFF
• The remote ON/OFF function can be configured for automatic
operation in networked appliances, to reduce energy consumption
– Also enables front panel ‘soft-switch’ system ON/OFF control

• The following slides describe the system level, step-by-step

operation for a typical network appliance application

• The example uses a ‘P’ package device with an ‘M’ pin

– To implement this particular scheme with a Y, R or F packaged device,
the connections shown should be made to the L pin, instead of the M pin

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 Auto ON/OFF Power Supply Example
Step 1: No AC Power - Circuit Inactive

TOPSwitch-GX

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 Step 2: AC Power Applied

M pin floating:
no current flow,
no switching

TOPSwitch-GX

CONTROL pin is kept

M pin filtered charged via the internal
from noise by CM high-voltage current source

The TOPSwitch-GX is in the low-power, remote OFF mode

Power consumption < 80 mW at 115 VAC, < 160 mW at 230 VAC (typical)

63 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• The M pin current is zero and MOSFET switching is disabled

 Step 3a: User Initiated Turn-on
Current is drawn out
of the M pin via P1 – Output voltage
MOSFET starts starts rising
switching

TOPSwitch-GX

P1 pressed
While P1 is engaged,
U3 is on – its current
is supplied from the
CONTROL pin

64 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• A user presses switch P1 and current is drawn out of the M pin

• MOSFET switching is enabled and begins, in the soft start mode
– Output voltage starts rising
• The opto-coupler LED (U3) is on, while P1 is engaged

• As a power supply typically takes < 10 ms to reach regulation, no switch de-bouncing

is required (the switch will always be engaged for longer than 10 ms)
• If PI is engaged for less than 10 ms or the supply does not reach regulation (there is a
short circuit on the output or the output feedback loop is an open circuit), then the
power supply will remain in the off state
 Step 3b: External Wake Up
Output voltage
starts rising

Current is drawn out

of the M pin via U4 –
MOSFET starts
switching

TOPSwitch-GX

External wake-up
turns on U4 LED

65 Filename: GX Basics 05212004

• An active (logic high) external wake up signal turns on the opto-LED of U4

• The U4 opto-transistor turns on, drawing current out of the M pin
• MOSFET switching is enabled and begins, in the soft start mode
– Output voltage starts rising
 Step 4: Processor Takes Control
Current continues to
be drawn out of the M pin Output reaches
via U4, and MOSFET Processor regulation
switching continues starts

TOPSwitch-GX

Processor detects that

P1 is now P1 had closed, via U3 Processor turns
open circuit on U4 LED

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• Output voltage reaches regulation

• Microprocessor starts working
– Microprocessor turns the U4 LED on to keep the power supply operating
• Current continues to be drawn out of the M pin, via U4, even after P1 disengages
 Step 5: Normal Operation
Output in
regulation

Current out of
M pin via U4,
switching continues

TOPSwitch-GX

P1 off Processor keeps

U4 LED on

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• The processor holds U4 on, which maintains a path for M pin current
– The power supply is kept on by the microprocessor
 Step 6: User Requested Shut Down
Current out of M pin Output in
via U4, switching regulation
continues

TOPSwitch-GX

Processor detects that P1

User presses and releases P1 was pressed, but delays Processor keeps
Current flows through U3 LED turn off for house keeping U4 LED on

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• A user momentarily presses and releases the switch P1

– U3 conveys to the processor that switch P1 was activated
– The processor de-bounces the signal – no de-bounce circuits are required
• The processor delays shut down for house keeping
– Example: printer head parking, saving data to memory, etc.
• The processor may also initiate a shutdown after a predetermined period of inactivity
 Step 7: Processor Shuts Down Supply
Current out of the M pin Output
falls to zero, MOSFET voltage falls
switching is disabled

TOPSwitch-GX

CONTROL pin is kept

charged via the internal Processor turns off U4 when
high-voltage current source housekeeping is finished

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• The processor turns off the U4 LED, reducing the current draw from the M pin to zero
• MOSFET switching is disabled
• The output voltage falls, and the microprocessor goes inactive
• The TOPSwitch-GX is in its low-power remote off mode
– Power consumption < 80 mW typical at 115 VAC, < 160 mW typical at 230 VAC
 Auto ON/OFF Power Supply Summary
• TOPSwitch-GX is the ideal solution for computer peripherals and
networked appliances such as printers, fax machines, scanners, etc.
• Allows front panel power “soft-switch”
– Low cost, low power momentary action switch may be used
• No on/off latch that could be accidentally triggered during transients
• Internal processor always has control over turn OFF
– Prevents improper turn off sequence
• Allows advanced energy saving features
– Appliance can automatically turn itself off after a period of inactivity
– Appliance can automatically wake up via signal on data input
or by front panel switch
– Very low standby consumption
– No requirement for bias supply

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 TOPSwitch-GX vs. Discrete Design

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