Grade 8-SSC ELECTIVE SUBJECT

RESEARCH I
FIRST Quarter – Week 3
BASIC SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

Science is about asking questions and finding answers to those questions. In looking for
these answers, basic science process skill is an important tool to be used. This includes
observing, measuring, classifying, inferring, predicting, communicating, interpreting data,
formulating hypothesis, experimenting and formulating models.

These skills are helpful not only in studying science concepts but also can be applicable
in dealing with everyday life, in understanding things and events happening around us.

Science is grounded with inquiry, experimentation and discovery.

Activity 1: DePIC Me!

In this activity, there are ten images related to Science and Research. Give the
word/words implicated in each image using the jumbled letters as your hints. Write your
answer in your paper.
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1. 2.

VARONOBSETI
EGHTOCNLYO

3. 4.

SNTESIITC RXETPMENIE

5. 6.

GESIVTATEIN ORMTHEEREMT

7. 8.

GPHAR
SSSEEN

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 9. 10.

EACTLULCA OCSREPS

Activity 2: Catriona’s Gown

Read the given situation below and answer the following questions. Write your answer in your
paper.

Ms. Universe, Catriona Gray noticed that two of her most

favorite gowns, the Mayon Volcano Gown and the Ibon
Adarna gown had stains on which one as big as the size of
her palm. She bought all the available detergent soaps in
the market and choose all the leading brands. Based on the
TV commercials and product reviews that she had read,
she assumed that Mrs. Clean and Supreme are the two of
the most suitable detergents to choose.
Her friend, Katherine advised her to use the latest brand
of detergent soap known as Mrs. Clean. Her other friend,
Michelle recommended using Supreme, a well-known
detergent soap in the country. Although she had the same
thought as Michelle that Supreme will remove the stain
faster than Mrs. Clean, she still tested the effectiveness of
the latter detergent. Catriona then soaked her Mayon
Volcano gown in Mrs. Clean and the Ibong Adarna with
Supreme detergent. She had been checking every 15
minutes how fast the stains were being removed in both
gowns, and took pictures to compare the differences
between the two. After 1 hour and 35 minutes, the stain
in Mayon Volcano gown has already gone and after 2 hours
the stain in Ibong Adarna gown has also vanished.
Guide Questions:
1. Which sentence states an observation?
2. Which part shows that there is a measurement indicated?
3. How was the choice of detergent being classified?
4. In which part did Catriona make an inference?
5. What is the prediction made by Catriona?
6. In what way can Catriona communicate the result of her findings?
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 7. What interpretation can you derive from the gathered data?
8. What hypothesis can you derive from the problem?
9. Which sentence/s contain/s a complete experiment?
10. What are the variables stated in the experiment?

In solving a problem, answering a question or investigating something, we can all do these

in a scientific way using the following skills:

First, it will all start with observing. By using our five

senses (see, hear, touch, smell, taste) effectively, we can
create “what”, “why”, “how” (and so on) questions in our
mind. We will be able to find out about objects and events,
their characteristics, properties, differences, similarities, and
changes. An observation can be a.) qualitative – using the senses
and b.) quantitative – using exact measurement

C
a
n

y
The second skill is measuring. Observations can be measured using appropriate
o
measuring devices and procedures. You are measuring and using numbers appropriately when
u
you are:
a. able to count and compare quantity and numerical data of items in different
d
groups;
e
b. able to count and compare quantity and numerical data of items in one group;
s
c. able to recognize the pattern from a table of numbers;
c
d. able to use numbers to record phenomenon;
r
e. able to use scales and explain ratios.
i
f. able to compare objects using numbers;
b
g. able to using tools properly;
e
h. able to record unit correctly and choose and use standard unit.
t
h
e
Can you give the correct
p
measurement of the following
i
c objects on your right?
t
u
r
e 4

i
n
 Third skill is classifying. This involves grouping or ordering of objects or events
according to similarities or differences in properties. In classifying, there are four steps to
be followed:
a. Identify the general characteristics of the items.
b. Sort out items of the same characteristics into their respective group.
c. Identify other characteristic
d. Repeat step 1-3 until there is only one item in each group.

Can you group the following objects on the right

side? What is your basis for grouping them?

Fourth skill is inferring. It is the explanation or interpretation made from the

observation. It is also called an "educated guess" about an object or event based on previously
gathered data or information. You are making inferences when you are using information and
data from observations to make sensible early conclusions.

What inference can you draw by looking at the

broken window on your right?

The fifth skill is predicting. In this part, you are stating the outcome of a future event
based on a pattern of evidence. You are predicting when you are using arranged data clearly
to make projections or forecasts.

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 Growth of Gumamela Plant

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5
4
3
2
1
0
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

What will be your predicted height (in inches) of Gumamela plant in its fourth week?

The sixth skill is communicating. It is essential to communicate your observation with

other people. It involves words (written and spoken) or graphic
symbols to describe an action, object or event. It can be in the form
of graphs, demonstrations, drawings, diagrams, or tables to transmit
information and ideas to others

After a week of observing the growth of fruit flies for a week,

how will you effectively communicate the result of your observation?

The seventh skill is interpreting data. This involves the application of the other science
process skills, specifically classifying, inferring, predicting and communicating. It will
determine how essential the gathered data are in answering a question or solving the
problem. Interpretations made are always subject to changes or adjustments due to new or
more refined data.
What is your interpretation on the growth of gumamela plant as shown in Table 2
above?

The eight skill is formulating hypothesis. The formulation of hypotheses depends

directly upon questions, inferences and predictions. The hypotheses made will be tested
through an experimentation. If there are more than one hypothesis presented, each must be
stated separately. A feasible hypothesis is stated in a way that, upon testing, its credibility
may be determined.

The two types of hypothesis are:

1. Alternative hypothesis (Ha) – It states that there is a significant relationship between
variables.
Example: There is a significant relationship between the light color and the growth of
plants.

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 2. Null hypothesis (Ho) – It states that there is NO significant relationship between
variables.
Example: There is no significant relationship between the light color and the growth
of plants.

Can you give an example of a null and alternative

hypothesis based from the picture on the right side?

Now to test if the hypothesis made is correct, you will proceed to the ninth skill which
is experimenting. During experimentation, you will be using three variables which are:

a.) independent variable or the manipulated variable – the factor that is changed or tested.
b.) dependent variable or the responding variable – result of the modification in the
manipulated variable.
c.) controlled variables – factor that remain unchanged throughout the experiment.

For example, you want to test if the student’s number of sleeping hours the night
before an examination will affect his score. Which is the independent variable, dependent
variable and controlled variable/s?

Lastly, the tenth skill in the basic science process skills is formulating models which
can either be in the form physical and mental. This is based on the acceptable hypothesis
and is used to describe and explain the relationship between ideas or variables. If testing a
hypothesis results to new information, the model must be revised to include it.

So, to see if you remember the ten basic science process skills, answer the next
activity.

Activity 3: What’s Next?

Write the correct sequence of Basic Science Process Skills in each box below. The red box for
the first skill and the violet box for the last one, respectively. Copy and answer the
illustration in your paper.
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Activity 4: Which Liquid Melts the Fastest?

Objective: To apply the ten basic process skills in determining which of the available liquid
in your house will melt the fastest.
Materials:
5 available liquids in your house (e.g. water, soy sauce, milk, alcohol, iced tea)
ice cube tray or any 5 containers of same sizes
timer
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the needed materials.
(Write your answer in observing, measuring and classifying in the table 3)
2. Put five liquids in the ice cube tray (or container) and let them freeze. Make sure
that liquids are of the same amount.
(Write your answers in inferring and predicting)
3. When all the liquids turn frozen, remove them from the freezer.
4. Use the timer to record the time for each liquid to reach its melting point.
(Answer the remaining process skills.)
*Note: Copy the table and write your answer in your paper.

Table 3
SKILLS ANSWER/ACTION DONE
OBSERVING
MEASURING
CLASSIFYING
INFERRING
PREDICTING
COMMUNICATING
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 INTERPRETING DATA
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
Dependent variable
EXPERIMENTING Independent variable
Controlled variable
FORMULATING MODELS

Activity 5: Talking Emoji!

Objective: To complete the speech bubble of each emoji based on your own understanding
of the lesson. Write your answer in your paper.
The basic science process skills in
correct sequence are
__________________________.

I can do observation by
_______________________________

Communicating the results of an

experiment is necessary because
____________________________

A correct measurement is important

because ____________________

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 A feasible hypothesis is essential
because_______________________
___________________________

Activity 6: Science Process Skills in My Home and in My Life!

Objectives: To apply the knowledge of Basic Science Process Skills in everyday living.
Materials:
paper
Pen
Procedure:
1. Below are statements and questions we are dealing with our everyday living.
Determine which basic science process skill is being described in each number
2. Write your answer in your paper.

Statements/Questions:
1. How long does it take you to prepare for school in the morning?
2. I wonder which citrus fruit in the Philippines tastes the sourest. I predict it is
“calamansi” among all the citrus fruits. I am planning to find out and track the
results and discuss it.
3. Taste this soup to know if I need to add salt in it.
4. Separating white fabrics from colored ones.
5. How many chocolate chips are there in one pack?
6. Sending an e-mail to your family to share an information to them.
7. What do you think is going to happen in the next episode of the drama series?
8. Segregate biodegradable from nonbiodegradable wastes.
9. I assume this is an insect because it has six legs.
10. My little brother is crying, maybe he’s hungry.

Activity 9: Draw my Mind!

Give your insights and reflections on the importance of understanding basic science process
skills. Draw a symbol, icon or picture to explain your reflection Write your answer in your
paper.

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Activity 10: Wrap it up!

A. Read each statement carefully and determine which basic science process skill is being
described. Choose your answer inside the box below and write it in your paper.

INTERPRETING DATA OBSERVING CLASSIFYING

MEASURING PREDICTING EXPERIMENTING
COMMUNICATING FORMULATING MODELS INFERRING
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

1. Age has a significant effect on mathematical ability of a person.

2. Recording data from an experiment on the growth of okra in a data table and forming
a conclusion about it.
3. The skill wherein numbers are used to record a phenomenon.
4. The process of using past observations or data along with other kinds of scientific
knowledge to forecast event or relationships.
5. Placing all blocks of the same color in one group.
6. Perhaps the boy ate too much sweets and had toothache.
7. The mango tastes sweet.
8. Showing changes in height of a mongo plant over time through a line graph.
9. The basketball player wanted to see if he would win his game wearing his lucky jersey.
10. Modify existing models to include new observations.

B. Read the paragraph below and answer the given questions:

The Science teacher wants to know if the food eaten by the students before
taking an exam in Research 1 will have an effect on their score. Half of the
students will eat fruits and the other half will eat chocolates.

1. How will you apply the measuring skill in this problem?

2. What is your prediction in this problem?

3. What will be the null hypothesis?

4. What are the possible controlled variables in doing the experiment?

5. In what form can you convey the result of the experiment?

Reference:

Research I module from Schools Division Bataan

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