SOLUBILITY RULES:

Background Information😄😄😄😄😄😄

Compounds (ionic) containing the following are generally soluble in

water:
1. Alkali metals (group 1 elements) and ammonium ions Li + Na+ K+ etc.
and NH4+1
2. Compounds containing the acetate ion C2H3O2-1
3. Compounds containing nitrate ion NO3-1
4. Halides (X) (group 7 halogen elements) F -1 Cl-1 Br-1 I-1 (except these
ions are paired with Ag, Hg 2 and Pb+2 and Pb+4 the compound will
become insoluble in water.)
5. Compounds containing the sulfate ion SO 4-2 (except combined with
Sr-2, Ba-2, Pb+2, Pb+4 Ag+1 and Ca+2 the compound will become
insoluble in water.)

Insoluble, slightly soluble compounds.

6. Compounds containing the carbonate ion CO3-2 (except combined
with rule 1 the compound will become soluble.)
7. Compounds containing the chromate ion CrO4-2 ( except combined
with group 1 elements the compound will become soluble in water.)
8. Compounds containing the phosphate ion PO4-3 (except combined
with group 1 elements the compound will become soluble in water.)
9. Compounds containing the sulfide ion S-2 (except combined with
Ca+2, Ba+2, Sr+2 and group 1 elements the compound will become
soluble in water.)
10. Compounds containing the hydroxide ion OH-1 (except
combined with Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2 and group 1 elements the compound
will become soluble in water.)

Note: When a substance is soluble in water, it ionizes and dissociates into

its component ions thus the solution becomes electrolyte solution and the
said solution is able to conduct electricity due to the ions present in the
given chemical system.
Examples :

KCl → when added to water it ionizes and dissociates to K+1 and Cl-1
The compound is SOLUBLE and the solution is ELECTROLYTE.
(rule 1 in the solubility rules)

NaOH →When added to water it ionizes and dissociates to Na+1 and OH-1
The compound is SOLUBLE and the solution is ELECTROLYTE.
( rule 10 exception)

Ca3(PO4)2 → when added to water(non ionizable) NO REACTION no solution

formed the compound will deposit at the bottom of the container.
The compound is INSOLUBLE there are no ions present.
(rule 8)

Na3PO4→When added to water it ionizes and dissociates to Na+1 and PO4-3

The compound is SOLUBLE in water and the solution is ELECTROLYTE.
(rule 8 exception)

In the case of molecular compounds e.g. sucrose(C 12H22O11) This

substance is very soluble in water. But during the solvation process, it
dissolves and exists as individual sugar molecules, not ions. Therefore the
resulting solution is NONELECTROLYTE.
Quiz. Complete the data table. (40pts)
Compound Soluble/ If soluble write Rule followed electrolyte/no
Insoluble the dissociated nelectrolyte
symbols of the
ions.
NaC2H3O2 Soluble Na +1 and Rule 1 in the electrolyte
C2H3O2-1 solubility rules
/Rule 2 in the
solubility rules
CaS soluble Ca +2 and S-2 Rule 9 exept nonelectrolyte
C6H12O6 Soluble Rule 2 in the electrolyte
fructose solubility rules
BaSO4 Insoluble Rule 5 nonelectrolyte
exeption
CaF2 Insoluble Rule 1 in the nonelectrolyte
solubility rules
Ba3(PO4)2 Insoluble Rule 8 in the nonelectrolyte
solubility rules
Li2CrO4 Soluble Li+1 and CrO4-2 Rule 1 in the electrolyte
solubility rules
CaCO3 Insoluble Rule 6 in the nonelectrolyte
solubility rules
BaS Soluble Ba+2 and S-2 Rule 9 exept electrolyte
PbI4 Insoluble Rule 4 exept nonelectrolyte

Answer the following questions. ( 5pts each)

Wag na i google practical answer kailanagn ko.
1. Is water a universal solvent?
● I think water is called a universal solvent because you can
find water everywhere and water is very essential. Also
water dissolve more than any other liquid.

2. Does water a good conductor of electricity?

● I think water is not a good conductor of the electricity
because water does not conduct electricity. Water and
electricity cant combine, i think thats why one cannot
touch electricity with wet hand :)