FLUID MACHINERIES

Pumps

Total Dynamic Head

1. If the velocity of water is 8 m/s and the pressure is 140 kPa on the discharge side
of the pump. What is the head if the pump velocity is 4 m/s and pressure is 90 kPa
before the pump. Temperature of water is 40°C.
FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Total Dynamic Head

2. A pump with a 400 mm diameter suction pipe and a 350 mm diameter discharge
pipe is to deliver 20,000 liters per minute of 15.6C water. Calculate the pump
head in meters if suction gage is 7.5 cm below pump centerline and reads 127
mmHg vacuum and discharge gage is 45 cm above the pump centerline and reads
75 kPa.
FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Total Dynamic Head

3. Oil with specific gravity of 0.75 is flowing through a 6 in. pipe under a pressure of
15 psi. If the total energy relative to a datum plane 8 ft below the center of the pipe
is 58.6 ft·lbf/lbm. Determine the flow rate of oil in gpm and lbm/s.
FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Hydraulic Power
1. Find the pump power needed to deliver 1000 gpm of water at a head of 100 ft.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Hydraulic Power
2. A fuel pump is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil with a specific gravity of
0.83. The total head is 9.14 m, find how much energy does the pump consumes in
kJ per hour.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Hydraulic Power
3. A pump lifts water at a rate of 283 liters per second from a lake and forces it into a
tank 8 m above the level of the water at a pressure of 137 kPa. What is the power
required in kW?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Hydraulic Power
4. A liquid of specific gravity 1.75 flows in a 6 cm horizontal pipe. The total energy at
a certain point in the flow axis is 80 m. The elevation of the pipe above a fixed
datum is 2.0 m. If the pressure at specified point is 75 kPa, determine the velocity
of flow and the power available at that point.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Pump Efficiencies
1. Calculate the motor-pump power output needed for the water at a head of 100 m,
0.4 m3/s and pump efficiency of 70%.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Pump Efficiencies
2. Water in the rural areas is often extracted from underground water source whose
free surface is 60 m below ground level. The water is to be raised 5 m above the
ground by a pump. The diameter of the pipe is 10 cm at the inlet and 15 cm at the
exit. Neglecting any heat interaction with the surroundings and frictional heating
effects, what is the necessary power input to the pump in kW for a steady flow of
water at the rate of 15 L/s? Assume pump efficiency of 74%.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Pump Efficiencies
3. Water from an open reservoir A at 8 m elevation is drawn by a motor-driven
pump to an open reservoir B at 70 m elevation. The inside diameter of the suction
pipe is 200 mm and 150 mm for the discharge pipe. The suction line has a loss of
head three times that of the velocity head in the 200 mm pipe. The discharge line
has a loss of head twenty times that of the velocity head in the discharge pipeline.
The pump centerline is at 4 m. Overall efficiency of the system is 78%. For a
discharge rate of 10 L/s, find the power input to the motor and the pressure gage
readings installed just at the outlet and inlet of the pump in kPa g.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Pump Efficiencies
4. A centrifugal pump has a suction pressure of 6.67 kPa vacuum, 100 mm diameter
pipe and a discharge of 250 kPa at 90-mm diameter. The suction is 5 m below the
pump centerline and the discharge is 50 m in elevation. Determine the pump
efficiency for 260 kW brake power at a discharge flow of 0.2 m 3/s. The total head
loss is 30% of the total velocity head.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Pump Efficiencies
5. A centrifugal pump develops a head of 30 m and delivers 3.75 m 3/min of water
requiring 40 bhp. Bearing and packing losses amount to 3% of bhp input to pump,
disk friction loss 2 hp, Leakage loss is 0.15 m 3/min. Electrical loss is 5 hp. Compute
the following:
(a) over-all pump efficiency
(b) volumetric efficiency
(c) mechanical efficiency
(d) hydraulic efficiency
(e) theoretical total dynamic head
(f) the over-all motor-pump efficiency

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Pump Efficiencies
6. Solve the following:
(a) Find the power needed to move water at 1000 gpm, 40°C at a head of 1000 ft.
If the pump efficiency is 90%.
(b) If the mechanical efficiency is 80%, what is the motor rating in hp?
(c) What will be the over-all pump efficiency if the motor efficiency is 70%?
(d) What is the energy pump consumed by the motor in 12-hour operation in kJ?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Pump Efficiencies
7. The total head developed by a pump is 65.62 ft with pump efficiency of 90% and
motor efficiency of 80%. Calculate the cost of energy utilized by a motor driven
pump to fill-up a 20,000 L water tank at a rate of P4.00/kw-hr of electrical energy.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Friction Head Loss

1. Water flows at 0.2 m3/s through a 300 mm and 120 m long pipe under a pressure
difference of 280 mmHg. Compute the friction factor.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Friction Head Loss

2. Two pipes with the same friction factor and lengths are parallel. If the first pipe is
twice the diameter of the second, what must be the ratio of their flow?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Friction Head Loss

3. Two water pipes, 300 mm and 150 mm of the same length are coupled in parallel
and together are to deliver 0.085 m3/s. Find the loss of head per km if f = 0.03.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Multistage)

1. A 30 hp centrifugal pump is used to deliver 70 cfm water. Calculate the number of
stages needed if each impeller develops a 38 ft head.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Affinity Laws)

1. What is the new head developed by the pump if the speed is increased to 1000
rpm from 450 rpm at a head of 20 m?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Affinity Laws)

2. The power developed by a pump is 30 kW. What is the percent decrease in power
if speed will decrease by 40%?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Affinity Laws)

3. A test on a centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showed a total head of 37.6 ft
at a capacity of 800 gpm. Estimate the total head and capacity if the pump were
operated at 1750 rpm. Assume normal operation at point of maximum efficiency
in each case.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Affinity Laws)

4. A centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showed a total head of 40 ft at a
capacity of 600 gpm. The impeller diameter is 10.5 in. Estimate the total head and
capacity of a geometrically similar pump at 1150 rpm with an impeller diameter of
10 inches.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps (Specific Speed)
1. Find the head developed by the pump when it delivers 158.52 gpm at 600 rpm and
specific speed of 42.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Specific Speed)

2. It is desired to deliver 5 gpm at a head of 640 ft in a single stage pump having a
specific speed not to exceed 40. If the speed is not to exceed 1352 rpm, how many
stages are required?

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Specific Speed)

3. A double-suction centrifugal pump delivers 3 m 3/s of water at a head of 15 m and
running at 1200 rpm. Calculate the specific speed of the pump.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps (Specific Speed)

4. A double suction, single stage centrifugal pump delivers 900 m 3/hr of seawater
(SG = 1.03) from a source where the water level varies 2 m from high tide to low
tide level. The pump discharges into a surface condenser 3 m above pump
centerline. Water level is 2.6 m below pump centerline during high tide. Loss of
head due to friction is 0.8 m at suction and 3 m at discharge. Pump is converted to
a 1750 rpm, 3-phase, 60-Hz motor. Calculate the following:
(a) total suction head
(b) total discharge head
(c) specific speed in rpm
(d) brake hp if the pump efficiency is 82%
(e) determine the impeller diameter in mm

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Reciprocating Pumps
1. Determine the volumetric efficiency of the reciprocating pump that has a bore size
of 350 mm and stroke of 400 mm running at 360 rpm with slip of 10%.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Reciprocating Pumps
2. A reciprocating pump has a velocity of 1500 ft/min and measures 300 mm × 400
mm. If the percent slip is 5% and the diameter of the piston rod is 20 mm,
determine:
(a) the rpm of the shaft
(b) the actual volume in m3/s, neglecting the effect of the rod diameter
(c) the actual volume in m3/s, considering the effect of the rod

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Cavitation (Net Positive Suction Head)

1. Determine the available suction head of a pump that is taking a gasoline at 204°C
from a closed tank with the pressure of 585 kPa g. The specific gravity of gasoline is
0.78 and its vapor pressure is 620 kPa a. The loss in suction pipe is 0.6 m and the
pump centerline is located at 3.6 m above the ground.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Cavitation (Net Positive Suction Head)

2. Water is pumped from a sump whose atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa. Water
temperature is 40°C; saturation pressure at 40°C is 7.3845 kPa; 992.26 kg/m 3
density. Loss of head is 0.75 m and the suction lift is 3 m. Find the available NPSH.
If the thoma coefficient is 0.8, what will be the maximum TDH that can be
developed in the system. Note: Thoma’s coefficient of cavitation parameter (σ) is
the ratio of the required NPSH R to the total dynamic head (TDH) or the ratio of
speed of the pump to the suction specific speed of the pump.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Cavitation (Net Positive Suction Head)

3. A pump receives water from a tank. If the pump reads 24.5 m NPSH, how high
must be the water level above the pump centerline. The water is saturated liquid
at 1.75 MPa. The friction loss in the pipe averages 0.3 m per 6 m of height of water
level and the flow is 1325 L/min in a 152.4 mm inside diameter pipe.

FLUID MACHINERIES
Pumps

Cavitation (Net Positive Suction Head)

4. A condensate pump at sea level takes water from a surface condenser where the
vacuum is 15 inches of mercury. The friction and turbulence in the piping in the
condenser hot well and the pump suction flange is assumed to be 6.5 ft. If the
condensate condensate pump is to be installed and has a required head of 9 ft,
what woul be the minimum height of water level in the hot well that must be
maintained above the centerline of the pump to avoid cavitation?