COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

INTRO TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

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COURSE: INTRO TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

MODULE NO: 1 – PRELIM
TITLE: Security, Philosophy and History
WRITER: PSINSP BENJAMIN L. CUSTODIO (RET), RCRIM

INTRODUCTION:

This Learning modules covers the overview of Theories, Concepts and Principles
of security. Why it is that security is important to everyone, to government, to
private entities and to our nation.

Please read this

CLASS MODE – Online Class

General Instruction:
1. Contact the instructor through Google Classroom or Group Chat.
2. For the virtual meeting, please provide yourself with a study
space free from destructions and noise, and with internet
connection
3. Please come on time in attending virtual classes in decent attire
and proper uniform.
4. Perform the designated activity.
5. Use the learning materials uploaded in performing the activity.
6. Submit the output as directed.
7. The entire module is self-paced.
8. All answers for the activities must be contained in the provided
answer sheet

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At the end of this module, the student will be able to:
- Define Security
- Explain the concepts of asset, risk, threat and vulnerability
- Enumerate the categories of security
- Discuss the importance of private security in organizations.
- Trace the historical roots of security during the pre-historic times, the
ancient period and middle ages
- Describe the evolution of security in England and the United state
- Discuss the history of security in the Philippines.
- Identify current issues in security.

DEFINITIONS OF SECURITY

THE word SECURE is derived from Latin SECURUS which means ”SAFE”or “WITHOUT
CARE”

SE CURA (Latin) – SE means “FREE FROM” and CURA means “CARE”

To be secure could mean many different things. It could means being free
from danger, risk, injury, fear, trouble, doubt or anxiety. Being secure could also

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refer to being dependable, strong, good impregnable or inviolable. Or simply, it
could mean having peace of mind.
SECURITY - Is the degree of protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss
and criminals.
 the state of being free from danger or threat.
 the state of being protected or safe from harm (Merriam –Webster
Dictionary)

The Institute for Security and Open Methodologies (ISECOM) is an open

community and non-profit organization that published in 2001 the Open Source
Security testing Methodology Maunual (OSSTMM), a peer-reviewed manual of
security testing analysis. OSSTMM 3 was released in 2012, defining security with the
following explanation:
“For threat to be effective, it must interact either directly or indirectly with the
asset. To separate the threat from the asset is to avoid interaction. Therefore it is
possible to have total 100% security if the threat and the asset are completely
separated from each other. Otherwise what you have is safety of the asset which
is provided by the controls you put on the asset or the degree to which you lesses
the impact of the threat. For example, to be secure from lighting, one must move
to where lighting can’t reach such as deep in a mountain.
Threats which can’t be separated from the asset must be made safer so that their
interactions and any effects from interactions do little or no harm. Therefore, We
call security the separation of asset and a treat and safely control of a threat or
its effects”

The primary purpose of the Open Source Security Testing Methodology (OSSTMM)
is a peer-reviewed testing methodology focused on consistently correlating test
results.

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WHY SECURITY IS IMPORTANT?

SECURITY IS IMPORTANT…..

TO INDIVIDUALS:
 HOMEOWNER who wants to protect valuable items in his house
 PARENT who does not want her child to be harmed while in school
 EMPLOYEE who wants to save for comfortable retirement
 ONLINE SHOPPER who wants to purchase a gadget via internet
TO PRIVATE COMPANIES:
 JEWELRY STORE that keeps diamonds in storage
 LAW FIRM that holds incriminating evidence against a drug lords
 INTERNET COMPANY that requires personal information and passwords from
its users.

TO THE GOVERNMENT that maintains military forces, use intelligence services,

legislate civil defense policies, and implement emergency preparedness
measures to serve and protect its citizens.

RELATED CONCEPTS OF SECURITY

To understand the concepts of security requires further definition of other related

concepts such as:
a. ASSETS - is anything tangible and intangible that is capable of being owned
or controlled to produce value.
b. RISK - is uncertainly of financial loss, the probability that a loss occurred or
will occur, the variations between actual and expected results, or the
possible occurrence of an undesirable event.
c. THREAT - is anything that could adversely affect assets.

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 d. VULNERABILITY - means weakness, flaw or virtually anything that may
conceivably be exploited by a threat.
CLASSIFICATION OF THREAT

1. NATURAL HAZARDS – Floods

2. ACCIDENT – Chemical spills
3. INTENTION ACTS – Domestic or National Terrorism

THREE MAIN CATEGORIES OF SECURITY

1. Physical Security – pertains to all physical barriers employed or installed to

secure assets.
2. Personnel Security pertains to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted
and criteria applied to determine the work suitability of a particular
applicant or the retention of a particular employee.
3. Document and information security – refers to policies, regulations,
doctrines and practices enforced to safeguard the contents and integrity
of any classified information or document from compromise or loss.

POLITICAL SECURITY is another category that relate to social relationships involving

governments or entities that hold authority of power. This includes issues of security
in the public, national or international level, as enumerated below:

1. Public Security - refers to the way governments are ensuring the protection
of its citizens, organization and institutions against threat to their well-being
as well as maintaining the general security and peace in public places.
2. National Security - is the requirement to maintain the survival of a state
through the use of economic power, diplomacy, and political power,
security threat include military foes from other nations, big drug cartels, or
even national disasters that cause severe environmental damage.

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 3. International Security -consists of the measures taken by nations and
international organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety.

CATEGORIZE OF SECURITY IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE

a. Industrial Security - is a form of physical security involving industrial plants

and business enterprises.
b. Bank and Armor Security - involves the protection resulting from the
application of various measures which safeguards cash assets in storage, in
transit or during transaction.
c. Hotel Security - involves using various measures of protection for the guests,
personnel properties and functions in hotels, restaurants, bars and clubs.
d. VIP Security - involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries
e. Operational Security - involves the protection of processes, formula,
patents and industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage,
infiltration, loss, compromise or infringement.

f. Communication Security - involves the safeguards resulting from the

application of different measures which prevent or delay the enemy or
unauthorized person from gaining information through communication
transmission and cryptographic.
g. Mall/Commercial Security - is the degree of protection against danger,
loss, and crime inside the malls. As a form of protection , it refers to systems,
structures and processes that provide or improve mall security as a
condition.

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Security Management in Organizations

Security management has become an essential feature of corporate activity;

there is almost no organization without a team dedicated to managing issues of
security. We usually see shopping malls, entertainment venues and banks policed
by private armies which we call security guards. The presence of these uniformed
staff represents the company’s ability to respond to or deter threats. This, however,
is only part of the security measures employed by companies against threat
posed by opportunistic criminals, its rival organizations, or even its own saboteur
employees. Other security measures may include the installation of CCTVs,
sophisticated alarm system, policies against workplace, bullying and harassment,
Employee screening, emergency planning, and other measures that enable
individuals and organizations to carry on with their business free from danger. With
the corporate crime becoming a growing area of concern, the increasing role of
private security in crime prevention is becoming more evident. This new breed of
uniformed individuals who are armed with education and training, equipped with
reliable and highly technical gadgets, and well-informed with their moral and
ethical obligations has now taken over the business of ensuring the security of the
most important assets of organizations.

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 ACTIVITY #1

1. How does ISECOM explain the definition of security? Limit your answer to
not more than 50 words. (10 Points)

2. Define the following:

a. Asset -
Ex:
b. Threat -
Ex:
c. Risk –
Ex
d. Vulnerability –
Ex

3. What are the main categories of security?

1.
Ex:
2.
Ex:
3.
Ex

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EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF SECURITY

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY – can be traced back thousands of years when

the protection of life and personal property were up to the individual, and later
on passed to tribes and then to cities.

PRE-HISTORIC TIME – Man recognized the need to keep himself safe from both
known and unknown enemies such as animals, other inhabitants and the
environment itself. They used different methods to keep himself safe such as:
- crafting weapons out of stones and metal, building fire to ward off animals
- Staying in caves or tree houses
- Staying in the middle of the lakes for protection

GREEKS OF THE ANCIENT PERIOD

- Organized the first police force in city state which they terms “polis”
- Romans established the Praetorian Guards known as “Vigiles” – fire fighters

MIDDLE AGES
- The French formed a group of men called “Shires” or Sheriff to look after the
peace and order of the different regions (England)
- The greatest influence of history of security came from England
- 1655 – Oliver Cromwell set up in England and Wales a police force that
operated to capture and punish criminals

- 1748 – London Magistrate Henry Fielding introduced the concept of crime

prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen that not only chased
criminals for felony and misdemeanor but also serve fielding’s purpose of
preventing crime ahead of time with their patrolling function.

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 - FIFTY YEARS LATER – Sir Robert Peel formed the first formal Police
Department.

COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE UNITED STATES

- Immigrants from England and Scotland came to America bring with them
the British approach to policing
- Watchman form of security was become the early version of private security
practices that endure to this day.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
- The sovereign monarch called “Datu” or “Lakan” has servants called
“aliping namamahay” who acted as their watchman or protector

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

- 1868 - Introduced the Guardia Civil to serve as the police force on the Civil
Guard of Spain to suppressed the bandit groups and imposed penalties for
infringement of laws and local ordinances

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

- Constable Officers to maintain the peace and order in the town or sitio.

AFTER WORLD WAR II

- Indian national or the Bombay pioneered as the watchman who
protected a specific building or commercial establishment

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SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

History shows how public law enforcement and private security evolved
from the same roots but eventually took different directions. The police served the
public’s interest while the security force served private interests. As crime became
a bigger problem especially in urban areas, police departments who previously
looked down at private security are now beginning to see the benefits of building
a partnership with them. Now, police functions that did not involve enforcement,
arrests or the use of force inside work spaces are turned over to security. Traffic
control around large commercial properties and patrol function around private
neighborhoods are also now often provided by security officers.

With the advent of terrorism around the globe, it becomes more important
to build a strong partnership between the police who respond to terrorist acts and
security officers who responds on the private premises that they protect. This
collaboration should also involve leaders and enforcers in other fields such as
firefighting, disaster management, emergency medical treatment and public
health.

Past-faced technology, especially in the field of computer and information

technology is another issue affecting the security industry. Although such
technology has become very helpful in the security officer’s work, it also has the
negative effect of replacing people. Just as human labor has been displaced by
machines in other industries, it also affects individual security personnel who might
become absolute in the face of computer assisted technologies.

In the 1950’s, the private security agencies/guards were under the

supervision and control of the municipal and city mayors. Any civilian could be
employed as a security guard without undergoing any training at all, especially

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in the handling of firearms. The only requirement then was a permit secured from
the mayor where he was posted. In fact, even foreigners or any person, regardless
of age or educational background were allowed owning and operating
agencies.
The Phil. Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators
(PADPAO) was established as far back as year 1958 with the aim of making itself
a freely self-governing, self-regulating and self-policing.
On June 13, 1969, RA 5487, otherwise known as “Private Security Agency
Law” was enacted. The law provided that the Phil. Constabulary would be the
sole authority to supervise all private security agencies, co-guard forces,
government guard forces and their security guards. Later, the control of
government guard forces was transferred to the National Intelligence and
Security Agency (NISA). Likewise, during the succeeding years, various
presidential decrees were issued amending certain portions of RA 5487.
On Aug. 4, 1969 the Phil. Constabulary issued Staff Memo organizing the PC
Security and Investigations Supervisors Office (PCSIASO) with the authorized
strength of eight (8) officers and eight (8) enlisted personnel under the functional
grouping of C3 Division was later named Constabulary Supervisory Office for
Security and Investigations Agencies (CSOSIA). Pursuant to Gen. Order No. 404
date June 29, 1970, the office was designated as the PC Supervisory Unit Security
and Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA) and later as PC/INPSUSIA.
With the creation of the Philippine National Police (PNP) on January 1, 1991,
PCSUSIA was again renamed PNP Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation
Agency (PNPSOSIA) charged with the mission to provide administrative services
and general supervision over the organization, operation, business and activities
of all operating private detective, watchmen, security guards/agencies and
company guard forces and all government guards throughout the country.
To date SOSIA operates under a new name PNP Security Agency Guard
Supervisory Division (PNPSAGSD).

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 ACTIVITY #2

Matching Type: Match column B to column A. Write the corresponding letter of

your best choice in column C.

Column A Column B Column C

1. Formed the first formal Police A. Pre-Historic Time
Department
2. Private Security Agency Law B. Oliver Cromwell
3. Staying in caves or tree houses C. Sir Robert Peel
4. who set up in England and Wales D. RA 5487
a police force that operated to
capture and punish criminals
5. Indian national E. Aug. 4, 1969
6. who responds on the private F. American
premises that they protect Colonial Period
7. Praetorian Guards G. Bombay
8. First police force in city state which H. Security
they terms “polis”
9. PCSIASO I. Greek of the
Ancient Period
10. Constable Officer J. Firefighter

References:
Industrial Security management – Second Edition – Dino B. Bobier, PhD
https://kirkpatrickprice.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-osstmm/

END OF PRELIM COVERAGED

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