INDUSTRIAL

SECURITY
MANAGEMENT
PHYSICAL SECURITY

A system of barriers placed between the potential intruder

and the objects/matter to be protected. It is the broadest
branch of security, which is concerned with physical
measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materials and documents and to
safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage and
theft.
OBJECTIVES:
a. To protect the organization’s asset;
b. To make access so difficult that an intruder will not dare
attempt penetration.
 
CONCEPTS:
a. Enemy agents will always seek access;
b. Surreptitious entry is the greatest hazard to security;
c. There are no impenetrable barriers;
d. Each installation is different.
FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE CONDITION:
1. Threat - An indication of impending danger or
harm; Positive inimical acts
2. Hazard - A chance of being injured or harmed;
Passive inimical acts
3. Vulnerability- Inability to withstand the effects of
a hostile environment; Measure of how open an
establishment to intrusion, attack or injury
4. Risk- Is the potential that a chosen action or
activity (including the choice of inaction) will lead to
a loss (an undesirable outcome); Probability of an
event to happen that will lead to loss.
SECURITY HAZARD- An act or condition which results in a
situation conducive to a breach of the protection system and
the subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to personnel,
property or facilities.

KINDS OF HAZARDS
1. Man –Made Hazards – an acts or conditions affecting the
safe of operation of the facility caused by human action,
accidental or intentional. It includes sabotage, espionage,
pilferage and theft.
2. Natural Hazard – cause by natural phenomena which cause
damage, disturbance and problems of normal functioning
activities, including security. It includes flood, lighting, storms
and volcanic eruptions.
THE EXTENT OF DEGREE OF RISK TO SECURITY WILL BE
DEPENDING ON THE FOLLOWING:

1. RELATIVE CRITICALITY OF OPERATIONS- Is the

importance of the firm or establishment which to the
national economy and security.

2. RELATIVE VULNERABILITY – The susceptibility of the

plant or establishment to damage, loss, or disruption of
operation due to various hazard.
BARRIER – can be defined as any structure or
physical device capable of restricting, deterring,
delaying, illegal access to an installation.
 
Generally, a barrier is use for the following purposes:
1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to
unauthorized entry;
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of
intruders;
4. Assist in more efficient and economical
employment of guards;
5. Facilitates and impose the control of pedestrian and
vehicular traffic.
KINDS OF DEFENSE
 
1.FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE – Perimeter
barrier/fences - a medium or structure which
defines the physical limits of an installation or area
to restrict or impede access thereto.

2. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE – Doors, floors,

windows, walls, roofs and grills.

3. THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE – Storage system like

steel cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.
GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER:

1. NATURAL BARRIER – include mountains, rivers,

seas, desserts or terrain difficult to traverse. To be
fully effective, these barriers must be under
surveillance of guards.

2. STRUCTURAL OR MAN-MADE BARRIER –

structural constructions made by man like fences,
walls, floors, roofs, grill or other physical means to
deter or impede penetration.
TYPES OF FENCES
1. SOLID FENCE – Constructed in such away that visual access
through the fence is denied. Its advantage is that it denies the
opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the
personnel, activities and the scheduled movements of the
security personnel. On the other hand, it prevents the guards
from observing the area around the installation and it creates
shadow that may be used by the intruder for cover and
concealment.
 

WALL – Masonry wall should have the same as the chain linked
and surrounded by the barbed wire as top guard.
2. FULL VIEW FENCE – It is constructed in such a way that
visuals access is permitted through the fence. Its
advantage is that it allows the security personnel to keep
the surrounding of the installation under observation. On
the other hand, it allows the intruder to become familiar
with the movements of security personnel within.
TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCE
1. CHAIN LINK FENCE
- Should be constructed with minimum height of 7
feet excluding top guard;
- 9 gauges or heavier;
- Mesh openings of not larger 2 inches per side;
- Twisted;
- Securely fastened to rigid material or reinforced
concrete;
- Reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving;
and
- On soft ground, it must reach below surface deep
enough to compensate for shifting soil or sand.
2. BARBED WIRE FENCE -  is a type of
fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points
arranged at intervals along the strand(s). It is used to
construct inexpensive fences.

3. CONCERTINA WIRE OR DANNERT WIRE – is a type of

barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils
which can be expanded like a concertina.
-Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet
diameter.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1.Top Guard- an addition overhang or barbed wire place on

vertical perimeter fences facing upward and outward with a 45
degree angle with three to four strands of barbed wires space
six inches apart. This will increase the protective height and
prevent easy access.

2. Entry Stations – provided at main perimeter entrances to

secure areas located out of the doors, and manned by guards
on a full time basis.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES
3. Towers – a house like structures above the perimeter
barrier. Height of tower increases the range of
observation during day and night with artificial
illumination.
4. Clear Zones – unobstructed area maintain on both

CLEAR ZONE
CLEAR ZONE
sides of the perimeter barrier. It affords better
observation and patrol movement. It should be cleared of
anything that may provide concealment or assistance to a
person seeking an authorized entry.
5. Signs and Notices – erected where necessary in the
management of unauthorized ingress and preclude
accidental entry.
CLEAR ZONE

- 20 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and

exterior structure.

- 50 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and

structure within the protected areas.

STRUCTURE CLEAR ZONE CLEAR ZONE EXTERNAL

BEING
BARRIER
(50 feet or more) (20 feet or more)
PROTECTED STRUCTURE
PROTECTION IN DEPTH

-In large open areas or ground, where fencing or walling is

impracticable and expensive, warning signs should be
conspicuously placed.

- The depth itself is protection.

SECURITY LIGHTING

-Provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of

darkness.
PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen,

identified and apprehend;
2. It gives psychological fear, which serves as a deterrent to
thieves, pilferers, trespassers, and sabotage;
3. It makes easier. The routine of work of guards in
identifying employees, vehicles during night time;
4. If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the number
of stationary guards, and instead, may require only roving
patrols at night.
TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary – most common type consisting of fixed

series of luminaries. It is commonly used on entry gates of
employees and vehicles.

* Flood light- a large, powerful light, typically one of several used

to illuminate a sports field, a stage, or the exterior of a building. 

>Glare Protection Type – The intensity is focused to the intruder

while the observer or the guard remain in comparative darkness.
e.g. spotlight, handy flashlight
>Controlled lighting- The lighting is focused on certain objects than
the background.
 
 
2. Standby Lighting – similar to continuous lighting but can
be turned on manually or by special device or other
automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.

3. Emergency Lighting – stand by lighting which can be

utilized in the event of electrical failure.
ACTIVITY: RECITATION

1. Why do we need to get rid, avoid and be prepared for

possible hazards?
2. Are barriers important especially to business and
industrial establishment? Why? Can we live in normal
without these?
3. How are lightings important to security planning?
Assignment:

1. Cite the importance of man-made barriers and the

upgrades or new technologies that are available and
applicable to our country. Cite also some
recommendations on how to improve the lighting in your
house. You can research for new technologies but
compose your own sentence. Do not forget to cite your
reference or the site. (Atleast 600 words, Font: Arial; Size:
12 Single spacing)