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The Theoretical Performance Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the

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Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05294-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The Theoretical Performance Analysis and Numerical Simulation

of the Cylindrical Vane Pump
Yiqi Cheng1 · XinHua Wang1 · Hui Chai1 · Tao Sun1 · Hasan Shahzad1 · Waheed Ur Rehman1

Received: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 December 2020 / Published online: 23 January 2021
© King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2021

Abstract
The present article was to investigate the mechanical design, efficiency, and performance of a new type of cylindrical vane
pump. The configuration is proposed on the traditional working principle of the hydraulic pump. The stator surface equa-
tions are driven by using the geometric theory of applied spatial triangulation function. The three-dimensional model of
the cylindrical vane pump is established with the help of MATLAB, and Pro/E.A displacement formula is derived, which
depends upon the design structure of the cylindrical vane pump. The flow output characteristics of the pump are analyzed.
According to the kinematic analysis of the stator-cylindrical vane by Pro/Mechanism, the kinematic equation of the cylindrical
vane is established and the kinematic analysis proves the effectiveness of structural design of vane pump. The CFD software
COMSOL is used to simulate the force of the main parts under the different dynamic conditions, and the discharge flow of
the pump are monitored. The result shows that the hermetic space is formed by the cylindrical vane, driving plate and the
surface of the stator, and the size of the hermetic space is charged by the rotation of the cylindrical vane. The cylindrical vane
pump satisfies the three elements design of positive displacement pump. The angle at the arc transition of stator surfaces is
5°–10°, when the number of cylindrical vanes increased, the flow pulsation of cylindrical vanes decreased and vice versa.
There is a 3.6% error between theoretical and simulation results. The simulation result shows that the internal flow of the
flow field is regular, the deformation is small, and the stress distribution of the main components is regular.

Keywords  Hydraulic pump · Flow characteristic · Motion analysis · Numerical simulation · Computational fluid dynamics

Abbreviations 𝜇 Angle of the driving plate

a Diameter of the transmission shaft V Rotational speed of the transmission shaft
b Length of the cylindrical vane Vx The speed of the cylindrical vane in the x direction
c Height of the cylindrical vane Vy The speed of the cylindrical vane in the y direction
𝜑 Angle range of arc surface Vz The speed of the cylindrical vane in the z direction
T Pitch of helix Vtotal Volume formed between two stator surfaces
r Start angle of the surface VD The numerical value of the displacement of the
cylindrical vane pump
VC Volume change of C-cavity
Supplementary Information  The online version contains
supplementary material available at (https​://doi.org/10.1007/ qsh Instantaneous flow rate of the pump
s1336​9-020-05294​-9) contains supplementary material, which is 𝜎 Flow pulsation
available to authorized users. VN Volume of the pump cavity changes when N cylin-
drical vanes
* XinHua Wang
paper_bgdjd103@163.com qshN Instantaneous flow rate of the pump when N cylin-
drical vanes
* Tao Sun
tsun@bjut.edu.cn 𝜎N Flow pulsation of the pump when N cylindrical
vanes
Yiqi Cheng
Chengyiqi1993@163.com
1
College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics
Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing,
China

13
Vol.:(0123456789)

2948
1 Introduction
There are three main categories of hydraulic pumps which
are used by industries in recent decades. These pumps have
its own advantages and disadvantages. The gear pump has
simple design but suffered because of low efficiency and
high noise. The plunger pump can run at higher pressure,
but is susceptible to flow pulsation and noise emissions. The
vane pump has uniform flow and low noise, but has poor
sealing performance and low efficiency. There are many dif-
ferent applications of vane pumps. They are popular for low
viscosities fluids, like gas (propane), water, petrol, fuel oils,
and alcohols, etc.
Ihn Sung Cho et al. have focused on the CAM profile
composed of arcs and Archimedes helices in a balanced
oil-pressure vane pump. The study has proven that the new
combination of CAM profile was beneficial to reduce the
noise and vibration of the balanced oil-pressure vane pump
[1–3]. Hai Lin et al. have proposed a new gear pump based
on the principle of harmonic gear transmission, which real-
ized the fluid transmission function by intermeshing the
new structural gears. The new pump has a total of two sym-
metrically arranged high-pressure cavities, which can offset
fluid pressure and operate longer, with a displacement twice
that of conventional gear pumps and a significant reduction
in flow pulsation [4]. YangHui Li et al. have obtained the
parametric equation of the theoretical profile of the rotor by
studying and analyzing the parameters of the profile of the
CAM rotor pump, and the rotor type line is drawn by the rel-
evant mathematical software, the model of the rotor pump is
established by three-dimensional modeling software, and the
motion and flow field of the pump are simulated. The results
showed that there is no interference between rotors and the
gap is symmetrical [5, 6]. AiPing Song have pointed out a
new type of arc gear pump bases on specific tooth surface
equation, the circumferential modulus is equal, the cylindri-
cal gear pair with arc teeth engaged smoothly. The instan-
taneous flow expression of gear pump has been deduced.
The study proves that the flow pulsation of arc gear pump
with the same main parameters is less than the straight gear
pump [7]. XinHua Wang et al. have designed a new type
of meshing screw pump, the calculating formula of coni-
cal shell surface and the flow equation is established by the
principle of space meshing, and the internal flow field of
pump is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the
structure of the new hydraulic pump is simple and compact,
and there is no distribution device and pressure compensa-
tion device, the structure vibration is small, the work is reli-
able and the service life was long [8]. Mimmi and Pennacchi
designed a rotor with three blades, which includes a circular
arc, an asymptotic profile and a constant pendulum ratio,
which could avoid unreasonable rotor profiles and cutting
13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961
surfaces. The results of the load dynamics analysis of the
rotor of a Roots blower were based on the observation that
the regularity of dynamic loading could be found by using
a rotor with a helical shape [9–11]. Gülich and et al. have
proposed the design principles of hydraulic components,
especially the design principles of hydraulic pumps, which
provided the theoretical basis for the design of new hydraulic
pumps [12]. Qian Tang et al. have designed and studied the
linearity of the screw pump rotor, and proposed a leakage
calculation model. The internal flow field of the screw pump
with different structural parameters is simulated by using
static grids, and a series of optimizations are carried out
[13]. Muggli et al. have used the CFD to analyze the average
streamline inside the hydraulic pump, the theoretically ana-
lyze and optimize of the mixed-flow pump is proposed, and
the effective optimization results of the mixed-flow pump are
obtained [14]. Abhay Pati et al. have performed numerical
simulation of a two-phase flow screw pump and analyzed the
internal flow field from the transient and steady state under
different working conditions [15]. Dinh Quang Truong et al.
have presented variable-displacement vane-type oil pumps,
established a complete and accurate mathematical model,
and performed a numerical analysis of the model. The esti-
mated pump performance using the complete pump model
was finally verified by numerical simulations in comparison
with tests [16]. Bala and Kumar et al. have designed a cen-
trifugal pump using empirical formulas and semi-empirical
formulas and used Fluent to analyze the internal pressure
and speed of the pump and evaluated the performance of
the pump [17]. Li. et al. proposed a new approach to gener-
ate stator curve trajectories by analyzing the geometric and
kinematic models of the outer rotor of the rotary vane pump,
and to improve the performance of the pump, they used CFD
for flow field analysis, verified the reliability of the CFD
method by experiments, and analyzed and predicted the
performance of the rotary vane in order to improve its per-
formance [18]. Mrinal et al. developed a three-dimensional
simulation model of multi-lobe progressive cavity pumps
using Fluent, which employed a dynamic mesh model to
describe the multi-lobe. The mesh deformation was carried
out with spring-based rotors of progressive cavity pumps
using the C language user defined function (UDF) function
to define the trajectory of the stator pendulum, and predicted
the flow variation of multi-lobe progressive cavity pumps
under different operating conditions [19]. Hsieh CF et al.
have proposed a new type of curve to be used in rotary lobe
pumps, the principle of gear transmission is used, the tooth
surface equations and mathematical models are established
and using CFD simulation analysis methods, it proved that
the proposed curve is a useful reference for the design of
rotary lobe pumps [20]. Zhang D et al. have presented a new
type of twin-screw pump; the CFD is used to analysis, the
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2949

designed twin-screw pump has higher volumetric efficiency

and lower shaft efficiency [21].
According to the basic working conditions of the posi-
tive displacement pump, a simple structure of the cylindri-
cal vane pump was designed. First, the stator structure was
analyzed; the stator surface equation and the correspond-
ing curve equation were written, and they are formed and
compiled in MATLAB. Then the coordinate points of the
curve equation were imported into the CAM software, the
three-dimensional and two-dimensional diagrams of pump
was drawn using the CAM software, the software Pro/E was
used to analyze the dynamics of pump. Finally, software
COMSOL was used to analyze the internal flow field of
pump, the stress conditions of the main components and the
deformation of major components. The design and analy-
sis of the new pump further enrich and perfect the design
theory of hydraulic pump, which is conducive to improving
the development and application of hydraulic pump in vari-
ous industries. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type
of cylindrical vane pump, which can not only achieve large
displacement, but also have small flow pulsation, the her-
metic space is formed by the cylindrical vane, driving plate
and the surface of stator, the size of the space is changed by
the rotation of the cylindrical vane, The fluid suction-cavity
and the fluid discharge-cavity appear alternately to achieve
complete fluid suction and discharge. This paper is organized
as follows. In Sect. 2 the structure and working principle of
the cylindrical vane pump are discussed. Flow characteristic
analysis is carried out in Sect. 3. In Sect. 4 kinematic analy-
sis is represented. In Sect. 5 fluid structure interaction and
flow field is analyzed using COMSOL. In the last section,
some important outcomes of the analysis are discussed.
2 The Structure and Working Principle
of the Cylindrical Vane Pump
2.1 The Structure of the Cylindrical Vane Pump
The software Pro/E was used to draw the three-dimensional
drawing of the cylindrical vane pump. The drawing con-
tent includes the part and assembly of cylindrical vane
pump. The structure of the cylindrical vane pump is shown
in Fig. 1. Figure 1a is the shape of cylindrical vane pump.
The overall structure consists of two main parts such as the
pump body and cover. The pump body and the pump cover
are connected by bolts, and the motor to drive the shaft, the
shaft is driven through the motor, which drives the cylindri-
cal vane to turn. Figure 1b shows a structural representation
of the pump body and the pump cover of the pump after
transparent treatment. The left and right sides of the drive
disk are close to the swing surface of the two stator surfaces.
The cylindrical vane is driven by the transmission shaft and
(a)
(b)
1.Transmission shaft 2.Stator
3.Drive plate 4.Cylindrical-vane
Fig. 1  Structure of pump
moves on the stator surface, the hermetic space is formed by
the cylindrical vane, driving plate and the surface of the sta-
tor. The hermetic space becomes larger and the fluid enters
the pump as the cylindrical vane rotates, and vice versa.
Thus achieving cylindrical vane changes in the pump body
and completes the process of fluid suction and discharge.
The software CAD was used to draw the two-dimensional
drawing of the cylindrical vane pump. The drawing content
includes the part and assembly of cylindrical vane pump.
Figure 2 shows the sectional view of the cylindrical vane
pump.
In this paper, a new method of stator surface forming is
proposed, the curve profile of the stator is combined with
the arc line and the stator surface, and equations of the sta-
tor surface and curve are deduced. Equations of the stator
surface and curve are written in MATLAB, and the curves
are generated in PRO/E to model the stators.
The first surface is a swing surface with an angle range 𝜑 ,
from 𝛾 to (𝛾 + 𝜑) , the swing surface equation is:
R cos 𝛾 ≤ X ≤ R cos (𝛾 + 𝜑)
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪
R sin 𝛾 ≤ Y ≤ R sin(𝛾 + 𝜑)
⎨Y T (1)
⎪X = 2
⎩
The second surface is a spiral surface with an angle
change range of (𝜋 − 𝜑) , from (𝛾 + 𝜑) to (𝜋 + 𝛾) , the spiral
surface equation is defined as

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2950 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961

Fig. 3  The surface of stator

2.2 The Working Principle of the Cylindrical Vane

1.Pump body 2.Bearing 3.Stator Pump
4.Cylindrical Vane 5 .Drive plate 6.Pin
7. Screw 8. Pin 9. Sealing Ring The working principle of the cylindrical vane pump: Fig. 4
10. Pump cover 11. Flat key 12. Transmission shows the working principle diagram of the cylindrical vane
shaft
pump. The cylindrical vane is driven by the transmission
13.Oil seal 14. Sleeve 15. Bearing
shaft and moves on the stator surface, the hermetic space
16 .Stator is formed by the cylindrical vane, driving plate and the sur-
face of the stator. The hermetic space becomes larger and
Fig. 2  Sectional view of the pump the fluid enters the pump as the cylindrical vane rotates,
and vice versa. Thus achieving cylindrical vane changes in
the pump body and completes the process of fluid suction

≤ ≤
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪ �� � � � � R cos(𝛾 + 𝜑) X R cos (𝜋 + 𝛾)
R sin (𝛾 + 𝜑) ≤ Y ≤ R sin (𝜋 + 𝛾)
⎨Y T 𝜋 2Z (2)
⎪ X = 2 tan 𝜋 − 𝜑
arcsin
T
⎩

The third surface is a swing surface with an angle range

𝜑 , from (𝜋 + 𝛾) to (𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) , the swing surface equation
is defined as

R cos(𝜋 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R cos(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾)
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪
R sin(𝜋 + 𝛾) ≤ Y ≤ R sin(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾)
⎨Y T
⎪ X = −2
⎩
(3)
The fourth surface is a spiral surface with an angle change
range of (𝜋 − 𝜑) , from (𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) to (2𝜋 + 𝛾) , the spiral
surface equation is defined as
{ 2
X + Y 2 =[(R2 ) ( )]
Y T 𝜋 2Z 180𝜑
X
= 2
tan 𝜋−𝜑
arcsin T
+ 𝜋−𝜑

R cos(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R cos (2𝜋 + 𝛾)

( ) (4)

R sin (𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R sin (2𝜋 + 𝛾)

To verify the correctness of the surface equation, a quan-

titative parameter value is temporarily given, and the surface
equation is compiled in MATLAB, and the result is shown
in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4  Working principle of the pump

13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2951
and discharge. The fluid suction is completed by increasing
the hermetic space, and the fluid discharge is completed by
reducing the hermetic space. The name of the four closed
cavities formed by the driving plate, the cylindrical vane
and the stator is A-cavity, B-cavity, C-cavity and D-cavity,
respectively.
Figure 5 presents the work process schematic along the
direction of the end face of the transmission shaft, and
Fig. 5a–d describes the fluid distribution process of the cyl-
inder pump, observed along the keyway, and the direction of
the arrow is the direction of the transmission shaft rotation.
Fig. 5  Schematic diagram of the movement process of the cylindrical
vane pump
As shown in the process of Fig. 5a to Fig. 5b, the cylin-
drical vane rotates from 0 to 𝜋∕2 , the A-cavity enters the
suction-fluid state, the A-cavity completes discharge when
the angle of rotation is 𝜋∕2 , and the volume reaches the
maximum. The B-cavity is divided into two cavities, when
B-cavity is suctioning fluid at the same time of discharg-
ing fluid; the fluid suction-cavity increases gradually, the
fluid discharge-cavity decreases, the fluid discharge-cavity
is equal to the fluid suction-cavity when the angle of rota-
tion is 𝜋∕2.
As shown in the process of Fig. 5b to Fig. 5 c, the cylin-
drical vane rotates from 𝜋∕2 to 𝜋 , the A-cavity enters the
discharge-fluid state. The B-cavity is divided into two cavi-
ties; the fluid suction-cavity increases gradually, the fluid
discharge-cavity decreases, the angle of rotation is 𝜋 , the
B-cavity complete suction.
As shown in the process of Fig. 5c to Fig. 5 d, the cylin-
drical vane rotates from 𝜋 to 32 𝜋 , the process is similar to the
process from a to b.
3 Analysis of Flow Characteristics
of Cylindrical Vane Pump
3.1 Calculation of Displacement of Cylindrical Vane
Pump
According to the structure of the cylindrical vane pump and
the property of helical component, it is assumed that the
diameter of the transmission shaft is a , the length of the
cylindrical vane is b , the height of the cylindrical vane is c ,
the angle of the cylindrical vane is 𝜑 , the pitch of the spiral
surface is T  , the thick base of the drive disk is (C − T) , the
surface starts to unfold from the angle of 𝛾 , and the included
angle of the disk is 𝜇 . Therefore, Vtotal represents the volume
formed between the two stator surfaces. The expression of
Vtotal is Eq. 5 in Appendix 1.
The size of the cavity inside the pump is the volume
enclosed by the stator surface minus the volume of the driv-
ing plate, and the cylindrical vane. According to the defini-
tion of the displacement of the pump, the size of the cavity
inside the pump is the same as the displacement of pump.
The equation is Eq. 6 in Appendix 1 .
The expression of the change function of volume cav-
ity C is given in Eq. 7 of Appendix 1. As shown in Fig. 6,
the changing trend of internal volume of cavity A and C
obtained by the above expressions with the rotation Angle
of the cylindrical vane.
According to the above-mentioned working principle and
combine with the formula are obtained that the change of the
volume of the fluid chamber A with the transmission shaft
from 0 to 2𝜋 . Figure 7 presents the volume change of A-cav-
ity in operation. The A, B, C and D-cavity are symmetric
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2952 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961

Fig. 6  Volume change of volume A-cavity

Fig. 9  Flow pulsation rate

3.2 Analysis of Flow Pulsation of Cylindrical Vane

Pump

The flow rate of the cylindrical vane pump varies greatly in

Fig. 9, the pump changes in volume at different moments
during working, and there are certain fluctuations in the
Fig. 7  Volume change of A-cavity in operation instantaneous flow. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the
flow pulsation rate of the cylindrical vane pump.

3.2.1 The Influence of Stator Arc Angle on Flow Pulsation

During the operation of the cylindrical vane pump, the

velocity of the transmission shaft rotation is set 𝜔 , and the
instantaneous flow is:
dVc dVc d𝜃 dV
qsh = = =𝜔 c (8)
dt d𝜃 dt d𝜃
There are two cylindrical vanes in the cylindrical vane
pump, the angle range of one cylindrical vane is defined
as 𝜃1 , and the angle range of the other cylindrical vane is
Fig. 8  Volume change in the discharge chamber
defined as 𝜃2 , and the expression of instantaneous flow rate
qsh is given in Eq. 9 of Appendix 1.
The formula for flow pulsation rate 𝜎 is
about the center of the circle on the structure. Hence, it can
be seen that the volume change of cavity C and cavity A are 4b2 T 1440 b2 T
◦

𝜎= + (10)
the same, and the volume change of cavity B and cavity D 7(180 − 𝜑) (180◦ − 𝜑)𝜑T
◦

are the same. ( ◦)

According to the calculation, when 𝜑 ∈ 0, 160  , the
The angle between the two cylindrical vane is 𝜋 , the rela-
flow pulsation rate 𝜎 < 100% , as Fig. 9 shown.
tionship between the total fluid discharge and the rotation
The flow pulsation rate increases with the increase in the
angle of the cylindrical vane is obtained, as shown in Fig. 8.
angle at the arc of the stator surface. However, due to the
Bring each parameter into the formula; the displacement of
pump structure, the arc of the stator surface mainly plays
the cylindrical vane pump is 30 ml/r.
the role
( ◦ of ◦isolating
) the drain and the inlet cavity, hence
𝜑 ∈ 5 , 10 is the best.

13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2953

3.2.2 The Influence of the Number of Cylindrical Vane N

on the Flow Pulsation Rate of the Cylindrical Vane
Pump

The number of cylindrical vane on the transmission shaft is

N  , the Angle between each cylindrical( vane ) is N  , when
2𝜋

cylindrical vane i turns to an angle of 𝜋 − N  , the clamped

𝜋

volume cavity of cylindrical vane i and (i + 1) reaches the

maximum.
As shown in Fig. 10, the angle between the two cylindri-
cal vanes is 2𝜋 (2𝜋 > 𝜑 ). The formula for volume change VN
N N
is given in Eq. 11 of Appendix 1. The expression of the
corresponding instantaneous flow qshN is given in Eq. 12 of
Appendix 1. The flow pulsation rate 𝜎N is defined as is given
in Eq. 13 of Appendix 1.
When 𝜑 = 10◦ , N ≤ 18 , Depending on the situation,
N ∈ (2, 10) , The relationship between the number of cylin- Fig. 11  Influence of vane number N on flow pulsation
der vanes and the flow pulsation is shown in Fig. 11.

The rotation speed of the axis is v = 950 r∕min ,AB direc-

4 Kinematic Analysis of the Cylindrical Vane tion is x-axis, AC direction is y-axis, the axial direction of
Pump the rotation axis is the z-axis.

The center of the transmission shaft section is O , the inner 4.1 The Displacement Curve of the Cylindrical Vane
edge point of the cylindrical vane is a , the inner edge is close
to the rotation axis, and thus the center point of rotation is O . As shown in Fig. 13(a–c), the displacement components of
The rotational speed is v , the time is t  , the point at the inner point A along the X-, Y-, and Z-axis shows a periodic change
edge of the vane is A. As shown in Fig. 12. of sine or cosine on the cylindrical vane, and the period
The motion simulation analysis of the cylindrical vane is the time when the transmission shaft turns one lap. The
pump is carried out. The motion of the cylindrical vane on displacement amplitude of symmetric points on the vane
the stator surface is stable and there is non-interference, is the same based on XOY plane, and the time to reach the
which meets the design conditions of hydraulic pump. The extreme point is the same; The displacement value of the
theoretical displacement curve equation is the stator curve asymmetric point is different, however, the time to reach the
equation, and the expression of theoretical velocity is: extremum is the same;When it moves to the are of stator,
the change of displacement in the z-axis direction is 0 and
Vx =
𝜕X presents a periodic change.Fig. 13d shows that the change
𝜕x
𝜕Y
VY =
𝜕y
𝜕Z
VZ =
𝜕z

Fig. 10  Schematic diagram of cylindrical vanes Fig. 12  The top view of the motion path of the cylindrical vane

13

2954 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961

The displacement of A in the x direction period of displacement amplitude is 1/3 of the cycle of the
8
rotation axis.
Dispalcement/mm 6
4
4.2 The Speed Curve of the Cylindrical Vane
2
0
As show in Fig. 14a–c, the speed components of point A
-2
along the X-, Y-, and Z-axis shows a periodic change of
-4
sine or cosine on the cylindrical vane, and the period is the
-6
time when the transmission shaft turns one lap. The speed
-8
amplitude of symmetric points on the vane is the same based
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 on XOY plane, and the time to reach the extreme point is the
Time/s same; The speed value of the asymmetric point is different,
(a) The X-axis displacement curve at point A
however, the time to reach the extremum is the same;When
The displacement of A in the y direction it moves to the are of stator, the change of speed in the z-axis
8
direction is 0 and presents a periodic change. Figure 14d
6
shows that the change period of speed amplitude is 1/3 of
Displacement/mm

4
the cycle of the rotation axis.
2
0
-2
-4
5 Flow Field and FSI Analysis of Cylindrical
-6
Vane Pump
-8
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
5.1 Establish the CFD Model and Grid Generation
Time/s
(b) The Y-axis displacement curve at point A Firstly, 3D modeling is performed according to the above
dimensions, then some details are simplified, 3D draw-
The displacement of A in the z direction ings in Pro/E are converted into an intermediate format and
-20
imported into COMSOL to process the geometry, rotation,
-22
-24
segmentation, movement, import and deletion are used in
Displacement/mm

-26 the basic processing details.

-28 It is necessary to call the IF statement to get the fluid part
-30 of the cylindrical vane, a represents the moved times of the
-32
cylindrical vane, the rotation angle of the cylindrical vane
-34
-36
satisfies the equation:
-38
2𝜋
-40 𝜃= (a − 1)(a ∈ [1, 8])
16
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s According to the above operation, the fluid and solid zone
(c) The Z-axis displacement curve at point A of the cylindrical vane pump could be obtained, as shown in
42 The total displacement amplitude at point A Fig. 15 is the fluid zone.
Displacement Amplitude/(mm)

40 The theoretical calculation and analysis of the parameters

38
of the pump were carried out. The structure parameters of
36
34 the cylindrical vane pump are shown in Table 1.
32 The preliminary processing parameters of grid are shown
30 in Table 2 of Appendix 2.
28
Then, corner refinement process was performed on grid;
26
24
the free tetrahedral meshing process was performed on the
22 liquid part, as shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17. The informa-
20 tion of grid is shown in Table 3. The detail is in Table 3 of
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s Appendix 2.
(d) The displacement amplitude at pointA

Fig. 13  The displacement curve at point A

13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2955

The velocity at point A in the x direction

800
Velocity/(mm/s) 600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s
(a) The X-axis speed curve at point A

The velocity at point A in the y direction

800
600
Velocity(mm/s)

400
Fig. 15  The Fluid Zone
200
0
-200
Table 1  The Structural Parameters of the pump
-400
-600 Structure Parameter
-800
Diameter of the shaft/mm 15
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s Length of the vane/mm 17.5
(b) The Y-axis speed curve at point A Height of the vane/mm 30
Pitch of spiral/mm 18
The velocity at point A in the z direction
Thickness of drive plate/mm 12
1000 The angle of circular/deg 10

500
Velocity(mm/s)

0
5.2 Numerical methods

-500
In the research state, two solvers are set up. The first solver
is a flow field solver, the turbulence model adopts the RAG
-1000 k − 𝜔 , the inlet boundary condition is specified as velocity,
the outlet boundary condition is specified as pressure, and
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s the fluid is the hydraulic oil.
The second solver is solid analysis; the solid part is
(c) The Z-axis speed curve at point A
defined as Aviation aluminum 7075. The fluid–solid cou-
650
The total velocity amplitude at point A pling Multiphysics are used to analyze the stress and defor-
mation of the solid area of the cylindrical vane pump.
Velocity Amplitude/(mm/s)

600 First, the parameters of the scan are stated, the genera-
tion of the default solver sequence uses global parameters,
550
and all solutions are kept in memory. Then set the solver 1,
500 inhibition of the solid portion of the fluid analysis region.
Finally, the calculation of solver 2 is set, the solid mechanics
450
part and fluid–structure coupling is calculated.
400
5.3 The Grid Independence Analysis
350
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Time/s Five groups of grids are selected to perform grid-independ-
(d) The total velocity amplitude curve at point A ent detection on the model and the velocity of the outlet is
monitored. The abscissa of Fig. 18 represents the number of
Fig. 14  Points A, B, C and D are velocity curves in the z direction grids, and the ordinate represents the velocity of the outlet.

13

2956
Fig. 16  The Grid of Overall Structure
Fig. 17  The Grid of fluid
The percentage difference in the grid independence test is
0.7%.
The outlet pressure is 101325pa, the theoretical displace-
ment of the pump is 9L/min, and the corresponding outlet
velocity is 1.0 m/s. The number of grid is 1,023,587, and the
results show that the outlet velocity is 1.036 m/s, the inac-
curacy error between the CFD and theoretical is 3.6%, the
inaccuracy error is small, and the model is reliable.
5.4 Simulation Results
5.4.1 Distribution of Streamline
As shown in Fig. 19, when the inlet velocity is 1 m/s, the
internal distribution of streamlines (colored by velocity)
show the velocity increases and distributes evenly. There-
fore, it could be assumed that the internal flow is stable and
regular relatively.
5.4.2 Distribution of Deformation
The transmission shaft is a major component of the cylindri-
cal vane pump in the transmission and operating process.
Figure 20 shows the deformation of shaft for 1 m/s inlet
13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961
1.2
velocity /(m·s-1)
1.0
0.8
3x105 4x105 5x105 6x105 7x105 8x105 9x105 1x106 1x106
The Grid Numble
Fig. 18  Grid independence detection
velocity. During the operation of the cylindrical vane pump,
the relative deformation of the transmission shaft in the fluid
flow area is relatively large, the maximum deformation is
0.4 μm, and the deformation is small. The cylindrical vane
is an indispensable part of the pump. Figure 21 shows the
deformation of cylindrical vane. The top of cylindrical vanes
have a large deformation, and the maximum deformation
is 0.6 μm. Figure 22 shows the deformation of stator. The
maximum deformation of the stator is at the center of the
stator surface, the maximum value is 0.7μm .
5.4.3 Distribution of Stress
The maximum force is at the inlet of the pump and the outlet
of the cylindrical vane. The force on the tip of the cylindrical
vane in the pump is larger, the edge of the Stator surface is
more constrained, and the edge of the Driving plate is more
constrained. Figure 23 shows the main view of forces on the
Fig. 19  Streamline distribute for 1 m/s inlet velocity
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2957

Fig. 20  Deformation of shaft for 1 m/s inlet velocity

Fig. 23  Main view of the stress for 1 m/s inlet velocity

Fig. 21  Deformation of cylindrical vane for 1 m/s inlet velocity

Fig. 24  Section view of the stress for 1 m/s inlet velocity

Fig. 22  Deformation of stator for 1 m/s inlet velocity

internal parts of the pump, and Fig. 24 shows the internal

section view of the pump. Figure 25 shows the stress of the
rotating shaft of the pump, and the maximum stress is the
liquid inflow part. Fig. 25  Stress of rotational shaft for 1 m/s inlet velocity

13

2958 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961

6 Conclusions
R cos(𝜋 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R cos(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾)
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪
R sin(𝜋 + 𝛾) ≤ Y ≤ R sin(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾)
The current research proposes a new type of cylindrical vane ⎨Y T
⎪ X = −2
pump. The flow characteristics analysis, kinematic analysis, ⎩
and FSI analysis helps us to draw following findings; (3)
{ 2 2 2
• A displacement formula is derived, which depends upon [(X +)Y = R( )]
the design structure of the cylindrical vane pump. The
Y
X
= T
2
tan 𝜋−𝜑 arcsin 2Z
𝜋
T
+ 180𝜑
𝜋−𝜑

R cos(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R cos (2𝜋 + 𝛾)

( ) (4)
theoretical displacement of the pump is 30 ml/r. The
R sin (𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾) ≤ X ≤ R sin (2𝜋 + 𝛾)
angle at the arc transition of stator surfaces is 5°–10°,
when the number of cylindrical vanes increased, the flow
pulsation of cylindrical vanes decreased and vice versa.
( )
• The cylindrical vane pump satisfies the three elements 𝜋a b2 + ab 𝜑C
design of positive displacement pump. According to the Vtotal =
180◦
kinematic analysis of the stator-cylindrical vane by Pro/ ( ) |
| 180◦ | 𝜋+𝛾 || |
| (180◦ − 𝜑) | ∫𝜑+𝛾 ||
360◦
Mechanism, the kinematic equation of the cylindrical + 2𝜋a bCT || |
| | cos 𝜋𝜃 |d𝜃
180◦ − 𝜑 |
|
vane is established and the kinematic analysis proves the (5)
effectiveness of structural design of vane pump. [ ( )]
• The CFD software COMSOL is used to simulate the [𝜑C − 180◦ (C − T)] 𝜋a b2 + ab
VD =
force of the main parts under the different dynamic con- 180◦
( ) |
ditions, and the discharge flow of the pump are moni- | 180◦ T | 𝜋+𝛾 || |
| (180◦ − 𝜑) | ∫𝜑+𝛾 ||
360◦
+ 2𝜋bC|| |
| |cos 𝜋𝜃 |d𝜃
tored. There is a 3.6% error between theoretical and 180◦ − 𝜑 |
|
simulation results. The simulation result shows that the (6)
internal flow of the flow field is regular, the deformation
� �
⎧ 𝜋a (b2 +ab) 𝜃−𝛾− 𝜑2 T �� � �
𝜋 (b2 +ab) 𝜑2 T
⎪ 𝜋bT 2
+ 1440◦ − 𝜃∈ 𝛾 + 𝜑2 , (𝛾 + 𝜑)
⎪ � 2 � � �1440◦ � �
⎪ b𝜋T 2
2 sin 180◦ −𝜑 𝜃2 − 2 cos 1802𝜋◦ −𝜑 𝜃2 + 23
𝜋 1
𝜃 ∈ [(𝛾 + 𝜑), (𝜋 + 𝛾)]
⎪ 8
Vc = ⎨ 0 𝜃 ∈ [(𝜋 + 𝛾), (𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾)] (7)
⎪ � � � � � �
b𝜋T 2
⎪ 2 sin 𝜋
(𝜃 − 𝜑) − 12 cos 1802𝜋◦ −𝜑 (𝜃 − 𝜑) + 32 𝜃 ∈ [𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾, 2𝜋 + 𝛾]
⎪
8 180◦ −𝜑
𝜋 (b2 +ab)(𝜃2 −2𝜋−𝛾 )T
� � ��
⎪ 𝜃 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾), 2𝜋 + 𝛾 + 𝜑2
⎩ 1440◦

dVsh dVsh d𝜃 dV
is small and the stress distribution of the main compo- qsh = = =𝜔 c (8)
nents is regular. dt d𝜃 dt d𝜃

Appendix 1

R cos 𝛾 ≤ X ≤ R cos (𝛾 + 𝜑)
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪
R sin 𝛾 ≤ Y ≤ R sin(𝛾 + 𝜑)
⎨Y T (1)
⎪X = 2
⎩

≤ ≤
⎧ X 2 + Y 2 = R2 � �
⎪ �� � � � � R cos(𝛾 + 𝜑) X R cos (𝜋 + 𝛾)
R sin (𝛾 + 𝜑) ≤ Y ≤ R sin (𝜋 + 𝛾)
⎨Y T 𝜋 2Z (2)
⎪ X = 2 tan 𝜋 − 𝜑
arcsin
T
⎩

13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2959

� �
⎧ 𝜑
𝜃1 ∈ 𝜋 + 𝛾 + , 𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾
⎪ 𝜋a (b2 +ab)T𝜔
⎪ 720◦
�2 𝜑 �
⎪ 𝜃2 ∈ 𝛾 + , 𝛾 + 𝜑
⎪ � � � � � � 2
2 � � � �
⎪ b𝜋T 𝜔 2
cos
𝜋
𝜃 − 𝜑 +
1
sin
2𝜋
𝜃 − 𝜑
⎪ 4 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 1
180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 1 𝜃1 ∈ [𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾, (2𝜋 + 𝛾)]
⎪ 2𝜔
� � � � ��
⎪ +
b𝜋T 2
cos
𝜋
𝜃 +
1
sin
2𝜋
𝜃 𝜃2 ∈ [(𝛾 + 𝜑), (𝜋 + 𝛾)]
⎪ 4 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 2 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 2
⎪
⎪ 𝜃1 ∈ [(2𝜋 + 𝛾), (𝛾 + 𝜑)]
qsh = ⎨
𝜋 (b2 +ab)T𝜔
720◦
� � 𝜑 �� (9)
⎪ 𝜃2 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾), 𝜋 + + 𝛾
⎪ b𝜋T 2 𝜔 � 2
�
𝜋
�
� � 1
�
2𝜋
�
� �
� 2
⎪ cos 𝜃2 − 𝜑 + sin 𝜃2 − 𝜑
⎪ 4 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 𝜃1 ∈ [(𝛾 + 𝜑), (𝜋 + 𝛾)]
⎪ 2
� � � � ��
⎪ b𝜋T 𝜔 2 𝜋 1 2𝜋 𝜃 ∈ [(𝜋 + 𝜑 + 𝛾), (2𝜋 + 𝛾)]
+ cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 2
⎪ 4 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 1 180◦ − 𝜑 180◦ − 𝜑 1 � � ��
⎪ 𝜑
⎪ 𝜃1 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾), 𝜋 + + 𝛾
𝜋 (b2 +ab)T𝜔 2
⎪ 720◦
� � 𝜑 ��
⎪ 𝜃2 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾), 2𝜋 + 𝛾 +
⎩ 2

4b2 T 1440 b2 T
◦

𝜎= + (10)
7(180 − 𝜑) (180◦ − 𝜑)𝜑T
◦

� 𝜑 �
⎧ 𝜃1 ∈ 𝜋 + 𝛾 + , 2𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ 0 � 2 �
⎪ 𝜃 ∈ 𝜋 + 𝛾 +
𝜑
, 2𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ 2
2
⎪ � � � ◦ � � ◦� 𝜃1 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾 + 𝜑, 2𝜋 − 𝜑)
⎪ b𝜋T 2 𝜋 180 1
2 sin 180◦ −𝜑 N − 2 cos 180◦ −𝜑 N 2𝜋 180
𝜋
⎪ 8 𝜃2 = 2𝜋 − 𝜑 +
⎪ � � � ◦ � � ◦�
N
⎪ b𝜋T 2 𝜋 360 1 2𝜋 360 𝜃1 ∈ (2𝜋 − 𝜑, 2𝜋 + 𝛾)
⎪ 2 sin − cos
VN = ⎨ 8 180◦ −𝜑 N 2 180◦ −𝜑 N
� � 𝜃2 ∈ (2𝜋 − 𝜑, 2𝜋 + 𝛾) (11)
⎪ 𝜋 b2 + ab (𝜃 − 𝜑) � 𝜑 𝜋�
⎪ .T 𝜃 1 = 𝛾 + −
⎪ � � � � � 7200◦ � � 2 N�
� � � � 𝜑
⎪ b𝜋T 2 𝜋 180◦ 𝜑 1 2𝜋 180◦ 𝜑 𝜃2 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ + 4 2 sin 180◦ − 𝜑 N
−
2
− cos
2 180 − 𝜑 N
−
2 2
�𝜑 �
◦
⎪
⎪ � � � � � � 𝜃 1 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ b𝜋T 2
2 sin 180𝜋◦ −𝜑 360 − 21 cos 1802𝜋◦ −𝜑 360 �𝜑2 �
◦ ◦

⎪ 8 N N
𝜃 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎩ 2
2

13

2960 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961

⎧ � 𝜑 �
⎪ 𝜃1 ∈ 𝜋 + 𝛾 + , 2𝜋 − 𝜑
� 2 �
⎪ 0 𝜑
⎪ 𝜃2 ∈ 𝜋 + 𝛾 + , 2𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ 2
⎪ � � � � � ◦ � � � � ◦� 𝜃1 ∈ (𝜋 + 𝛾 + 𝜑, 2𝜋 − 𝜑)
⎪ 𝜔 b𝜋T
2
2 (180180
◦
cos 180𝜋◦ −𝜑 180 + (180180
◦
sin 1802𝜋◦ −𝜑 180 � �
𝜋
⎪ 4 ◦ −𝜑)N N ◦ −𝜑)N N 𝜃2 ∈ 2𝜋 − 𝜑 +
⎪ N
� � � � � ◦ � � � � ◦� 𝜃 ∈ (2𝜋 − 𝜑, 2𝜋 + 𝛾)
⎪ b𝜋T 2 360 ◦ 𝜋 360 360 ◦ 2𝜋 360 1
qshN =⎨ 𝜔 4 2 (180◦ −𝜑)N cos 180◦ −𝜑 N + (180◦ −𝜑)N sin 180◦ −𝜑 N (12)
𝜃2 ∈ (2𝜋� − 𝜑,𝜑2𝜋 + 𝛾)�
⎪ 𝜋
⎪ �� ◦ � � �� ◦ � � � � �� ◦ �� 𝜃1 ∈ 𝛾 + −
⎪𝜔 2 N
2 −𝜑N
�𝜑 �
b𝜋T 360 𝜋 180 𝜑 360 ◦ −𝜑N 2𝜋 180 𝜑
cos 180◦ −𝜑 − 2 + 2N(180◦ −𝜑) sin 180◦ −𝜑 − 2
⎪ 4 (180◦ −𝜑)N N N
𝜃2 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ �𝜑
2 �
⎪ � � � � � � � � � � 𝜃 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎪ 2 1
2
𝜔 b𝜋T 2 (180360 cos 180𝜋◦ −𝜑 360 + (180360 sin 1802𝜋◦ −𝜑 360 �𝜑 �
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

⎪ 4 ◦ −𝜑)N N ◦ −𝜑)N N
⎪ 𝜃2 ∈ + 𝛾, 𝜋 − 𝜑
⎩ 2

x(2 cos x − 4 cos 2x + sin 2x − 2 sin 4x) Appendix 2

𝜎N = ( )
2 sin x − 21 cos 2x − 2 sin 2x + 12 cos 4x
See Tables 2 and 3.
180◦
x=
(180◦ − 𝜑)N (13)

Table 2  Grid Preliminary Step Processing method Minimum cell Maximum Curvature Narrow area Maximum cell
Processing Parameter size/mm cell size/mm factor resolution growth rate

1 Regular 1.62 9 0.6 0.5 1.5

2 Refinement 0.8 4.24 0.5 0.8 1.13
3 More Refined 0.32 2.96 0.4 0.9 1.1
4 Roughening 0.8 4.24 0.5 0.8 1.13

Table 3  The Information of Gird

Organization Number

Grid vertes 171,729

Tetrahedron 1,023,587
Triangle 79,992
Edge cell 5083
Number of cell 1,023,587
Minimum cell mass 0.1336
Average cell mass 0.6587
Cell volume ratio 6.681E−7

13
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2021) 46:2947–2961 2961

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