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This application guide is intended to illustrate the extensive range of application and schemes to which our products and systems can be
applied. For ease of use typical schemes have been provided to cover the standard voltage ranges.
Our company specialises in customised applications and we have a dedicated team of senior applications engineers who can provide
solutions for any voltage in the power system network.
Busbar Protection
Some general considerations to be taken into account when establishing the optimum protection
• Busbar configuration
• Cost
• Protection redundancy requirements
• Phase/earth fault scheme or phase/earth and phase/phase scheme
• Speed and sensitivity
• Existing c.t. characteristic for retrofit projects
APPLICATION
GUIDE
87H-1 Differential using circulating current principle with CT supervision – main zone 1
87H-2 Differential using circulating current principle with CT supervision – main zone 2 DAD
87H-CH Differential using circulating current principle with CT supervision – check zone
3
High impedance busbar differential protection - Mesh corner, duplicate phase fault scheme with C.T supervision
Differential
Electronic high speed, high/medium impedance circulating current principle with excellent harmonic rejection, includes current
transformer supervision. 87 DAD
CT Shorting High speed multi-contact relay, hand reset contacts
86 TR221
Leakage to frame Attracted armature relay with a fixed current setting. Normally connected to a C.T. placed between the switchgear
frame and earth. A check system is possible
64N MR111
Busbar prot'n for distribution Blocking scheme using the feeder overcurrent and earth fault protection.
87 Argus
Interlocked overcurrent Relay for discriminative clearance of blind spot faults, actioned by a main protection contact (DTL)
51 2DAB
51 Argus
Circuit Breaker fail Electronic relay with phase segregated inputs and outputs. Internal interface system permits factory set output options of
up to 9 output contacts. Features a low overshoot and a particularly wide range of settings. Integrated timer.
50 2DAB
Intergrated in multi-function relay Argus
D.C. Supervision
86 TR221
Time delay Range of electronic high accuracy time delay relays
2 DDB
Low impedance Numerical protection system providing percentage differential protection, differential protection and undervoltage monitoring.
High speed operation. Fully self supervised.
87 DRS-BB
5
Feeder Protection
Some general considerations to be taken into account when establishing the optimum protection:–
Note: Pilotwire supervision, intertripping and guard relays can be added to Solkor-Rf scheme as required.
Alternatively Solkor-N may be used with fibre optic or RS485 communication link, or Solkor-M for 4-wire VF circuit.
Cable feeder, ring main
Note: Argus 2 relays have independent settings for forward and reverse directions. Where distances permit blocking connections can
be added.
7
Overhead line feeder with auto-reclosing circuit breaker
9
Overhead line feeder with duplicate main protection
Feeder protection
Distance Numeric full scheme distance protection relay with selectable functions for complete flexibility. Upto 4 zones of protection with
different operating times for distribution and transmission voltage applications. Additional features include logic programming,
waveform and event recording and remote communications.
21 Ohmega range
Numeric Current Differential Multi-microprocessor relays providing unit protection using software derived positive and negative phase
sequence components. V.T. not required. Manual or automatic delay compensation, continuous supervision of communications
link. Integral fault data storage.
87 Microphase-FM
Multi-microprocessor relays providing unit protection using the Solkor principle derived in software. V.T. not required. Manual or
automatic delay compensation, continuous supervision of communications link. Integral fault data storage.
87 Solkor-M
Numeric phase segregated differential protection for use with fibre optic or RS485 communication. Integrated supervision,
intertripping and guard functions
87 Solkor-N
Numeric with selected DTL, NI, VI, EI, LTEF characteristics. Two integral highset functions, IDMT/DTL instantaneous or delayed
reset. Waveform storage of last 5 faults and time-tagged storage of 500 events. Ammeter display can be set to read primary
amps. Integral condition based circuit breaker maintenance data.
50/51/87 Delta 1
Ditto with bi-directional control of all measuring elements
67/67N/87 Delta 2
Integrated protection and auto reclose, three or four pole, with individual auto reclose sequence for the OC, EF and EF / SEF
functions. Optional integral directional control available.
50/51/87/67 Argus 4 / 6
Delta
Restricted earth fault
50 Argus 1
Delta
Auto reclose Numeric for three pole autoreclose schemes. Multi-shot, integrated with IDMT and EF / SEF protection
79 Argus 4
Delta
Check synchronising Numeric with independent check & system sync settings
25 Argus 7
Overload Numeric thermal overload
49 Rho 3
Delta
Pilot wire Circulating current principle, high speed operation, 2000 ohms pilot loop. Up to 5kV or 15kV with isolating transformers, pilot
insulation levels.
87 Solkor-R / Rf
Pilot wire supervision Pilot supervision for Solkor-R (5kV) and Solkor-Rf pilot wire protection schemes
B69
Pilot wire intertrip
For use with Solkor-R installations where sufficient fault current will be present during the
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intertrip operation. 50 5kV 5kV
AR101T AR101T
A.C. injection intertripping schemes to use Solkor-R or Solkor-Rf pilot wire link. Slightly different equipment is required for each -
state if Solkor-R or Rf. Not suitable for use with pilot supervision
TEC Inverter
ANSI Case Availability
Function Description Ref Modular Vedette Other
Intertripping 85 TEC
Intertrip send relay for pulse or continuous intertrip 5kV and 15 kV pilot insulation models
Surgeproof intertrip receive relay for up to 500 V rms across pilot cores GF3
Pilot supervision relay for intertrip pilots with 15kV insulation (uses the send
unit of Solkor supervision) 15kV CF2
Intertrip send relay complying with ESI 48-4 Class ESI XR101
Argus 8
Undervoltage 27
Voltage monitoring
FIND
Motor Protection
Some general considerations to be taken into account when establishing the optimum protection:-
Motor Protection
LV motor protection Integrated numeric LV motor protection with a large number of functions including thermal overload, earth fault, short
circuit and under/over voltage
44 Rho 0
46
48
49
50
27/59
HV motor protection Integrated numeric HV motor protection with a large number of functions including thermal overload, earth fault, short
circuit and stall protection
46 Rho 3
66
48
49
50
Over/undervoltage Numeric with programmable time delay
27/59 Argus 8
87 5B3
Argus 1
15
Generator Protection
Some general considerations to be taken into account when establishing the optimum protection:–
Direct connected generator, low impedance earthing, rating typically 2MW. Base load generation in parallel with grid network.
27UV Undervoltage
81 Over / under frequency Gamma 4
59 Overvoltage GM4 - (401-412)
32R Reverse power
50N Instantaneous earth fault
51V Three-phase time delayed overcurrent with voltage restraint
81R Rate of change of frequency
60FL Voltage transformer supervision
51N Time delayed earth fault (neutral end) Argus 1 – (3P+E)
51 Three-phase time delayed overcurrent (line end) AG1 - (401-402)
51N Time delayed earth fault (line end)
Direct connected generator, high impedance earthing, rating typically 15MW. Base load generation in parallel with grid network.
27UV Undervoltage
81 Over / under frequency
59 Overvoltage
40 Loss of field
46 Negative phase sequence overcurrent Gamma 4
87G Generator biased differential GM4-(201-212)
32R Reverse power
59N Stator earth fault (95% winding protected)
51V Three-phase time delayed overcurrent with voltage restraint
60FL Voltage transformer supervision
51 Three-phase time delayed overcurrent (line end) Argus 1 - 3P+E
51N Time delayed earth fault (line end) AG1-(401-402)
17
Isolated generator transformer, high impedance earthing, rating typically 50MW and above. Base load generation in parallel with grid network
27UV Undervoltage
81 Over /underfrequency
59 Overvoltage
50/27 Inadvertent energising Gamma 4
50CBF Circuit breaker failure GM4 – (401-412)
24 Overexcitation V /Hz
46 Negative phase sequence overcurrent
40 Loss of field
87G Generator biased differential
32R Reverse power
21 Phase distance
60FL Voltage transformer supervision
59N Stator earth (95% of winding protected)
27TN Startor earth fault (100% of winding protected)
51 Three-phase time delayed overcurrent (line end) Argus 1 – (3P + E)
51N Time delay earth fault (line end) AG1 – (401-102)
87T Transformer biased differential
64REF Restricted earth fault Duobias M
WTA, WTT Winding temperature alarm and trip status inputs 2 Wdg, 50Hz
PT Pressure relief device trip status input
BG/BT Buchholz alarm and trip status inputs
ANSI Case Availability
Function Description Ref Modular Vedette Other
Generator Protection
Numeric generator Suitable for protection of a variety of machines down to 1MW this relay can be purchased as minimum protection base
system and built up with the addition of function modules into a more protection functionally comprehensive protection package.
Comprehensive generator protection system suitable for use on all machine sizes. Dual CT inputs in a standard 19” rack mounting
design.
Gamma 4 Range
Overcurrent & earth fault Numeric multi-function, multi-characteristic, including ammeter display, waveform storage, event recording, comms
link etc.
50/51 Argus 1
Delta
50 5B3
Argus 1
Delta
Sensitive earth fault Numeric with wide setting ranges, excellent harmonic rejection and integral time delay
50 Argus 1
Delta
27 / 59 Argus 8
Argus 8
81 Argus 8
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Transformer Protection
Some general considerations to be taken into account when establishing the optimum protection:
• Mode of operation (i.e parallel or single operation)
• Method of system earthing
• Transformer rating and cost
• Importance of high-speed fault clearance
• HV and LV switching devices (i.e c.b, fuse switch, or isolator)
AG1-(403-404)
21
Two winding, transformer controlled by a circuit breaker, typically above 2MVA. Transformer type-oil filled with conservator.
23
ANSI Case Availability
Function Description Ref Modular Vedette Other
Transformer protection
Differential Numeric current differential relay with integral current magnitude and vector compensation setting for 2 or 3 winding transformers.
Eliminates interposing CT's and flag relays for most applications. Protection functions are differential, differential highset, and
restricted earth fault for HV and LV: also has a data storage facility triggered internally or externally.
87 Duobias-M
Impedance
21 Ohmega
Overcurrent & earth fault Argus range of numeric relays with multiple independent characteristics, 2 highest & SEF or REF options, data
storage and event logging, comms link, ammeter displays and facilities to produce a condition based CB maintenance regime.
Single, three and four pole models
50/51 Argus 1
49 Rho 3
For resistance earthed systems. Long time characteristic (form 30/5 51 Argus 1
Electro-mechanical relay with low-pass filter circuit which increases the setting at harmonic
frequencies 87 5B3
Numeric relays using high impedance principle, with high harmonic rejection ratio. 87 Argus 1
Sensitive earth fault Numeric relay with wide setting ranges, low burden and adjustable time delay.
50 Argus 1
SuperTAPP solid state control relay of 4u height for mounting with modular relays. Incorporates the patented TAPP circuitry.
Requires the 19 rack frame, part RHW19R. 90 RVM/5
Tap change control and monitor unit, includes manual controls, tap position
indicator and voltage level monitor. For use in conjunction with the RVM/5 relay
both units fit into the 19 rack frame, part RHW19R, to make a single 4u rack tier. RTMU/1
SuperTAPP solid state relay designed as a direct replacement for AVE relays. RVM/4
Solid state tap position indicator with digital read-out designed to replace analogue
units which use a resistor chain for position sensing. RTPI/1
Tap position indicator, similar to that above, with intelligent runaway protection. RTPI/2
Control relays
Repeat relay
4 or 6 contact relay which can be provided with heavy duty contacts, no flag RD26-1
As above but with a self reset flag RD26-2
General applications
Auto-reclose
Single-shot repetitive scheme relay for single and three pole circuit breakers, normally used in conjunction with distance
protection. 79 Tau 100/200 range
Schemes to the requirements of NGC Transmission Plant Standards using multi-element relays Tau 500 range
Auxiliary A range of voltage operated attracted armature relays with hand, self or electrical
reset contacts, various flag and fixed time delay options.
AR series
67 Argus 2
Check Numeric with check and system sync settings synchronising
25 Argus 7
Flag relays
Attracted armature relays with hand reset flag and self reset contacts FR111
With fixed time delay FR111T
With reverse operating flag for undervoltage applications AR121
XR309
B34
Interposing control Control relays with a.c. rejection for use with pilot wires
52 XR105 XR105
XR106
Lockout relay Send relay with either 5kV or 15kV pilot insulation level
85 TEC
Intertripping
Receive relays with either 5kV or 15kV pilot insulation level and: 85
a) Surgeproof to 500V GF3 GF2 & GF4
b) Surgeproof to 5kV BD GF3
Neutral displacement
59
Numeric with programmable time delay Argus 8
Switching relays
Test plugs
Time delay Electronic time delay with models for delay on energisation, delay on reset and delay on de-energisation
2 DDB
Trip relays High speed relays with a choice of burden and type of contact reset
86 TR
Full trip circuit supervision with the circuit breaker open or closed, can also
provide pre-close supervision, e.g. BEBS S15 Scheme H7 27
Self reset flag XR350
Hand reset flag XR351
Rectifier protection
Overcurrent Short Circuit Numeric/microprocessor IDMT, normal inverse for class I rectifiers (light or general industrial duty) or very inverse
for class II rectifiers (heavy industrial or light traction duty)
51 Argus 1
Earth fault
Numeric/microprocessor IDMT, normal inverse for class I rectifiers (light or general industrial duty) or very inverse for class II
rectifiers (heavy industrial or light traction duty) 50/51 Argus 1
High impedance earth fault protection on traction transformers.
Solid state with high harmonic rejection ratio 67N Argus 1
49 Rho 3
Overcurrent Numeric with selected DTL, NI, VI, EI, LTI characteristics. Two integral highset functions, IDMTL / DTL instantaneous or delayed
reset
50/51/87 Argus 1
Overload Numeric thermal overload
49 Rho 3
SERVICES
The following services are available by means of written quotation through our Customer Service Department.
• Design Criteria and protection performance confirmed. • Design criteria and performance identified.
• Equipment withstand established • Solutions for inadequate systems.
• Full record of data settings, and performance • Report following serious incidents.
Conjunctive Testing
Intelligent relay programming
• Either on site or in the Hamilton Laboratory
• Setting parameters optimised through experienced engineers. • Effects of harmonic distortion or power systems transients on
• Stored in software and hard copy. relay performance can be examined.
• Waveforms can be supplied
Benefits include:
A cost effective approach: Accuracy avoids need for re- Benefits include:
programming and re-testing. Confidence in relay performance: confidence in scheme
performance when carried out in the laboratory reduces site
commissioning and outage time.
Commissioning Support
SERVICES
possible • Emergency support 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
• Clear specifications of design and alternative options • Design update with changes in design
Benefits include:
Optimum security of supply: Minimum plant outage following a fault;
damage limitations: latest technology: standards and experience Emergency Support
taken into account. Transmission distribution or generation plant power system
protection
• Standby resource for an immediate response
Consultancy
• Any protection and control problems
• Assistance with establishing design concepts • Backed by International technical resource
• Risk and Health and Safety Assessment • Support from office base or on site in minimum response time
• Insurance assessment
• Optimisation studies
Benefits include:
Optimisation of Customer resources: access to a complete power
system design team and a large pool of knowledge.
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EQUIVALENTS GUIDE
*Note: AR103 does not have a cut-off contact in the operate coil.
51
DELIVERY GUIDE
Relay Lead Time Guide for Products with standard ratings, settings and contacts
These are despatch dates from receipt of a full order to ex-works release for a UK mainland delivery.
For FOB delivery add 2 weeks to the printed lead time, for other types of delivery consult our Sales Office.
DELIVERY
GUIDE
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