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Dynamics of Machinery

Sample preparation kit for VIVA exams

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Q1. Explain Governors: Introduction to Centrifugal and Inertia governors

Answer: Centrifugal Governors In these governors, the change in centrifugal

forces of the rotating masses due to change in the speed of the engine is
utilised for movement of the governor sleeve.

Inertia Governors : The governor balls are arranged so that the inertia forces
caused by angular acceleration or retardation of the governor shaft tend to
alter their positions. The amount of the displacement of the balls is controlled by
springs and the governor mechanism to alter the supply of energy to the
engine.

Q2. Explain Governor’s effort and power.

Answer: Governor effort and governor power are the tools that can be used to
compare different types of governors.

The effort of a Governor is defined as the mean force exerted at the sleeve of a
governor for a given percentage of change in speed of spindle or lift of sleeve.
When the governor running at a constant speed, the force exerted on the sleeve
is zero. When the governor speed changes the spindle moves up or down to a
new equilibrium position.

Q3. Explain Gyroscope: Introduction, Gyroscopic couple and its effect on

spinning bodies

Answer: A gyroscope is a spatial mechanism that is generally employed for the

study of the precessional motion of a rotary body. Gyroscope finds applications
in gyrocompass, used in aircraft, naval ships, the control systems of missiles and
space shuttle. gyroscope mechanism.

A gyroscope consists of a rotor mounted in the inner gimbal.

Gyroscopic couple: The direction of the couple acting on the gyroscope is that
of a clockwise rotation when looking in the direction.

In the limit, the direction of the couple is perpendicular to the axes of both and;
The reaction couple exerted by the gyroscope on its frame is in the reverse
sense (It is advisable to draw the vector triangle in each case).

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Q4. Explain Naval ship during steering, pitching, rolling and their stabilization.

Answer: The effect of gyroscopic couple on the naval ship in the following three
cases:

1- Steering

2- Pitching and

3- Rolling

(i) Steering—The turning of a ship in a curve while moving forward.

(ii) Pitching—The movement of the ship up and down from a horizontal position
in a vertical plane about a transverse axis.

(iii)Rolling—Sideway motion of the ship about a longitudinal axis.

For stabilization of a ship against any of the above motion, the major
requirement is that the gyroscope shall be made to process in such a way that
the reaction couple exerted by the rotor opposes the disturbing couple which
may act on the frame.

Q5. Explain Static and Dynamic force analysis of Slider crank mechanism
(neglecting the mass of connecting rod and crank)

Answer: Static Force Analysis When the inertia effect due to the mass of the
machine components is neglected, then the analysis of the mechanism is
called static force analysis.

We know that inertia forces are produced due to the masses of the rotating/
reciprocating components of a machine.

DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS

When the inertia forces are considered in the analysis of the mechanism, the
analysis is known as dynamic force analysis.

Now applying the D’Alembert principle one may reduce a dynamic system into
an equivalent static system and use the techniques used in static force analysis
to study the system.

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Q6. What is the Turning moment on crankshaft?

Answer: Turning moment is plotted on the ordinate and crank angle is plotted is
on the abscissa in rectangular turning moment diagrams.

The turning moment diagram drawn on polar coordinates is called polar

turning moment diagrams.

At various crank angles (θ), the turning moment is plotted on the radial lines.

Q7. Explain Basic Concepts of Vibration: Vibration and oscillation

Answer: Vibration-sensitive devices must be isolated so that their work will not
be in interference because of vibration.

The simplest periodic disturbing forces are harmonic.

Oscillation:

Oscillation is the definite displacement of a body in terms of distance or time

whereas vibration is the movement brought about in a body due to oscillation.

Oscillation takes place in physical, biological systems and often in our society
but vibrations are associated with mechanical systems only.

Q8. What are the Causes and effects of vibrations?

Answer: Causes of Vibration:

Imbalance;

Misalignment ;

Wear;

looseness

Effects of vibration:

The effects of Vibrations are:

1] excessive stresses.

2] undesirable noise.

3] looseness of parts and.

4] partial or complete failure of parts.

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DOM - VIVA Question Answer

preparation with Recommended list of Questions

Q1. Explain Governors: Introduction to Centrifuga

Brainheaters App Inertia governors

Answer: Centrifugal Governors In these governo

change in centrifugal forces of the rotating mas
to change in the speed of the engine is utilised f
movement of the governor sleeve.

Inertia Governors : The governor balls are arrang

Notes, Qbanks, IMPs, that the inertia forces caused by angular accele
or retardation of the governor shaft tend to alter

Paper Analysis & more... positions. The amount of the displacement of th

is controlled by springs and the governor mecha
to alter the supply of energy to the engine.

Offline access +

Q2. Explain Governor’s effort and power.

Free Digital library Answer: Governor effort and governor power are
tools that can be used to compare different type
governors.

The effort of a Governor is defined as the mean

exerted at the sleeve of a governor for a given
percentage of change in speed of spindle or lift
sleeve. When the governor running at a constan
Download the App! speed, the force exerted on the sleeve is zero. W
6
the governor speed changes the spindle moves
down to a new equilibrium position.

Q3. Explain Gyroscope: Introduction, Gyroscopic

and its effect on spinning bodies

Answer: A gyroscope is a spatial mechanism tha

generally employed for the study of the precess
motion of a rotary body. Gyroscope finds applic
in gyrocompass, used in aircraft, naval ships, th
control systems of missiles and space shuttle.
gyroscope mechanism.

A gyroscope consists of a rotor mounted in the

gimbal.

Gyroscopic couple: The direction of the couple

on the gyroscope is that of a clockwise rotation
looking in the direction.

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