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A Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Figures of Speech
I. Objectives
Figures of Speech
References:
III. Materials
● Personal Computer
● PowerPoint presentation
● Google Meet
IV. Procedure
A. Preparation
1) Greetings
2) Opening prayer
3) Monitoring of the class attendance
4) Class rules reminders
5) Review of the previous topic/lesson
B. Motivation
Activity 1: “Stare and Tell”
● The teacher will show some photos with apparent differences in the presentation.
● The students will be asked to tell what observation they got from the pictures.
Figurative Language
➢ Figurative language is used to mean something other than what is written. It goes beyond
the literal or exact meaning.
For example:
“I brought an umbrella because it was raining cats and dogs!”
In this example, figurative language is used because there were actually np cats and dogs
falling from the clouds. It is not what the writer or speaker is meaning to say. Instead,
what is being implied is that the rain felt so heavy and large that it was almost as if small
animals were falling from the sky.
For example:
“It was raining a lot, so I brought an umbrella before I left the apartment.”
In this sentence, the writer or speaker means to convey exactly what is written: they
decided to bring an umbrella because of the heavy rain.
Figures of Speech
Figure of speech is an expressive, nonliteral use of language. It is a deviation from the ordinary
use of words in order to increase their effectiveness.
Types of Figures of Speech
1. Simile
It is a figure of speech that includes a direct comparison of two different things using words such
as “like,” “as,” or “than.”
2. Metaphor
It is the comparison of two unlike things without the use of words such as “like” or “as.”
3. Hyperbole
It is a statement that uses exaggeration to express or emphasize a strong feeling or idea.
4. Personification
It gives human traits/attributes to objects or ideas. It brings life and motion within inanimate
objects and abstract ideas.
5. Irony
It is the use of words to suggest the opposite of what is meant. It also occurs when what actually
happens turns out to be completely different from what is expected.
Types of Irony
➢ Verbal Irony is the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite or different from
what is actually said.
➢ Dramatic Irony is when the audience has more information than the characters in a story.
In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the audience is aware that Juliet is in a drugged sleep while
Romeo thinks she is dead, so he ends his life (followed by Juliet doing the same).
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, the audience is aware that Macbeth is planning Duncan's murder
while acting loyal to him.
6. Oxymoron
It brings two words that mutually contradict each other together as one idea. It is often used to
create an effect for the reader.
7. Paradox
It is a statement that appears to contradict itself, but which, upon further reflection and
examination, contains some kernel of truth and makes sense.
8. Metonymy
It is a figure of speech in which one object or idea takes the place of another with which it has a
close association, such as “crown” to mean “king.”
“We will not make a move until we get an order from the crown.”
"The pen is mightier than the sword."
9. Synecdoche
It is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to signify the whole or vice-versa. It
makes a smaller component of something to stand in for the larger whole in a rhetorical manner.
10. Allusion
It references a person, place, thing, or event from fiction, folklore, historical events, or religious
manuscripts to make the statement more meaningful.
“I almost got lost in the city, but thankfully a good Samaritan helped me way back home!”
“You’re my Achilles’ heel.”
D. Application
E. Generalization
➢ What is the purpose and importance of figures of speech?
➢ How do they make literature richer?
➢ Specify the different types of figures of speech.
V. Evaluation
Read the following statements carefully. Identify what type of figure of speech is used.
VI. Assignment
Read and analyze “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare. Identify the figures of speech present in
the composition and the ideas they can convey based on your own interpretation. Submit them in
Microsoft Word file format (.docx) on Google Classroom. (30 pts.)
Prepared by:
Riether L. Parico
BSEd English - 4B
Noted by: