Concentration Circle of Indonesian Foreign Policy

Indonesia follows the concept of concentric circles in the pursuit of its foreign policy, with the
aim of enabling to accomplish and realize its national goals by diplomatic relations and actions
in the international community with other countries or international organizations. This
concentric circle is a word or terminology that was first invented by one of Indonesia's foreign
ministers, Ali Alatas, during President Soeharto's presidency. . There are three dimensions of this
concentric circle: a regional dimension, an organizational dimension, and a functional dimension.
Regional dimension is a dimension demonstration of the Indonesian regional strength and
stability, while an organizational dimension serves to show where the Indonesian State stands in
its foreign affairs and the functional dimension that serves to clarify the position of the
Indonesian State and also the role of the Indonesian state. Indonesia believes and believes that
Indonesia will become a major player in international politics. Indonesia aims to strive for strong
international cooperation across these dimensions, and seems to be ready to place itself in a vital
and important position in the international cooperation relationship. Indonesia's national goals
and accomplishments can be realized in a concentric circle which separated into three levels or
three circles. The ASEAN member countries make up the first circle (Association of Southeast
Asia). ASEAN countries are the foundations or pillars for the Indonesian state in pursuing its
foreign policy, since they are countries whose territories are close to the Indonesian state. The
second circle includes ASEAN plus three East Asian countries: Japan, China, and South Korea.
The third circle is Indonesia's awareness of the value of being able to build foreign partnership
agreements with both emerging and developed countries, especially the United States and the
European Union.
Indonesia's foreign policy is shaped by the factors that influence it. Suryadinata (1998) describes
that Indonesia's territory and position in the international community, as well as its geopolitical,
resource, and military capabilities, all affect Indonesian foreign policy practice. These
considerations are taken into account because they are connected to Indonesia's national
interests, which will be followed by its foreign policy.
Indonesian ideology which was the first determinant factor of Indonesian Foreign Policy. The
second factor is Indonesia's capacity to pursue its foreign policy goals. Of course, capital, the
economy, and the military all play a role in achieving the country's goals. Indonesia is one of the
world's most populated nations. The standard of Human Capital in Indonesia, on the other hand,
is very poor. As a result, the population's standard of life in Indonesia must be strengthened so
that the nation can rapidly modernize. Another factor that may affect Indonesian foreign policy is
political culture and foreign political establishment, as well as views of foreign challenges and
the archipelago idea. The external threat to Indonesia's political stability is the most serious.
More external threats came from Eastern or Communist countries during Soeharto's presidency.
Then there's Indonesia, which has an archipelago definition known as "Nusantara."