Purposive Communication 1 1 Merged

PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Explain the Nature of Language
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
Nature of Language
CORRECT INCORRECT
1.AEROPLANE
2. AIRPLANE
3. COLONISE
4.COLONIZE
5.DEFENCE
6.DEFENSE
7.ENROLMENT
8.ENROLLMENT
9.HONOUR
10.HONOR
Do Animals have their own
language?
Nature of Language
What is LANGUAGE?
According to Linguists, language will be called a language if there is

a:
a. System of rules
b. Sound System (phonology)
c. Vocabulary (lexicon)
Nature of Language
Humans are able to communicate like asking/statement for
food:
• Food!
• Want some food?
• I’d like to share this food
with you.
Nature of Language
Things to Remember:
• Speech Community is the kind of group that sociolinguistics attempt
to study or group of people who share similar ideas, and uses norms
of language.
Nature of Language
Things to Remember:
• Language Acquisition is the process wherein people acquire the
languages used by those in the community.
Nature of Language
Things to Remember:
• Language Learning is the process wherein people learn second
languages by studying formally in school or informally on their own.
ILO: Discuss the communication perspectives and analyze the different types of communication
Nature of Language
What if you work in China wherein they
used Putonghua (Mandarin) and a little
bit of English, will you be able to
communicate with the Chinese?
Nature of Language
Things to Remember:
• Language Contact is the process wherein people try to understand each
other or to communicate as one learns from each other's languages.
Nature of Language
Things to Remember:
• Language Change is the process wherein individuals constantly
interact and communicate with each other and the result of the
language contact.
Nature of Language
This conclude that:
• Language is indeed a human complex and it is important to be aware
of its feature and behavior.
Activity 1
Get ½ half crosswise yellow pad. Write T if the statement is True
and F if the statement is false then write the correct answer. (15
points). Answer Only.
1. Not all languages have a grammar system.
2. Change happen to all language.
3. The first language that a child acquires is called mother tongue.
4. All living creatures have the capacity for language.
5. Two persons who do not speak the same language will never
be able to communicate with each other.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
Share your own experience the time you were

engage in a public oral presentation.
Communication Model
Why is it important to know the process of communication?
To help you understand the how the process works and
knowing the flow of communication will able to make the
communication effective.
Communication Models
4 Human Communication
a. Aristotle’s Model
b. Laswell’s Model
c. Shannon – Weaver’s Model
d. David Berlo’s Model
a. Aristotle’s Communication Model
b. Laswell’s Communication Model – Harold
Dwight Laswell (1948)
c. Shannon – Weaver’s Communication Model –
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949)
d. David Berlo’s Communication Model – David
Berlo (1960)
What is/are the difference/s of Aristotle’s
Communication and Laswell’s Communication model
from Shannon Weaver’s Communication Model?
The art of communication is the
language of leadership
James Humes
Types of Communication
Communication
– generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts and views
between or among two or more people, various contexts come into play.
Context
- The circumstance or environment in which communication takes place.
According to
a. Mode
b. Context
c. Purpose and Style
Types of Communication according to Mode

Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Types of Communication according to Mode
Visual Communication
Types of Communication according to

Context
Intrapersonal Communication
- Latin prefix intra means within or inside
Do you find it normal to talk to yourself?

Types of Communication according to Context

Interpersonal Communication
-Latin prefix inter means between among and
together.
Context
Analyze the situations which is the Interpersonal and Transactional
1.
Speaker A: Hello! I am Kaeselle Ramos. And you?
Speaker B: Oh, I am Venice Mendoza. Glad to meet you. How are you
related to the bride.
Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mom and mine are sisters. How about
you?
Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I never knew anything
about her personal life so we were kind of surprised when she sent us
the invitation. As always she is very private.
Speaker A: I see. Well, she has always been a very quiet person.
Context
Analyze the situations which is the Interpersonal and Transactional
2.
Speaker A: Excuse me, Would you know how to get to the nearest mall?
Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply take a
jeepney. If you walk, it will take you about 20 minutes to get there. You
can just take the exit gate near the hospital then turn left and walk
straight ahead. You won’t miss it because of the big sign. Jeepneys take
the same route and it should not take you more than 10 minutes even
with the traffic.
Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the public
transportation as I am running out of time. You have been really
helpful. Thanks again.

Extended Communication

Organizational Communication
Two types of Organizational Structure
1. Formal structure – allows communication to take place via
designated channels of message consist of 4 approaches:
a. Downward communication
b. Upward communication
c. Horizontal communication
d. Crosswise communication

Organizational Communication
Two types of Organizational Structure
2. Informal

Intercultural Communication
is a communication between or among people having different
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social and professional backgrounds.

purpose and style
Formal Communication
– employs formal language delivered orally or in written form.
Informal Communication
- does not employ formal language.
QUIZ 1 – ½ crosswise (Copy and answer)
1-2. What are the 2 types of communication according to
mode?
context?
purpose and style?
10-12. How do you differentiate the types of
communication in relation to communication mode?
13-15. How can visual communication enhance the message
conveyed by a speaker? Cite a particular situation when it is
best to employ visual communication?
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
General Principles of Effective Communication

For both oral and written communication, you should be able to
apply the following principles:
a. Know your purpose in communication
b. Know your audience
c. Know your topic
d. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation
e. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation
f. Work on the feedback given you.
Principles of Effective Oral Communication

• Be clear with your purpose
• Be complete with the message you deliver
• Be concise
• Be natural with your delivery
• Be specific and timely with your feedback
Principles of Effective Written

Communication: The 7C’s
• Be clear
• Be concise
• Be concrete
• Be correct
• Be coherent
• Be complete
• Be courteous
Principles of Effective Written Communication: The

7C’s
• Be clear - message to be delivered must be clear in the mind of the sender
• Be concise - The message should not include any unnecessary details. It
should be short and complete.
• Be concrete - one should be specific, definite and vivid rather than vague
and general.
• Be correct - correct language should be used and the sender must ensure that
there is no grammatical spelling mistakes.
Principles of Effective Written Communication: The

7C’s
• Be coherent - it refers to the written or spoken communication express
clearly, logically and intelligibly.
• Be complete - one should include all the relevant information as required by
the intended audience.
• Be courteous - it implies that the sender must take into consideration both
the feelings and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive
and focus at the audience.
Activity 2
Write a three paragraph persuasive speech
either political/social/personal or religious
issues in a 1 whole yellow pad paper.
Quiz 2 - Be ready to share it in class. You will

be graded using a rubric given by your prof.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
Communication and Globalization
Have you visited Mcdonald’s and Jollibee?
What are the similarities and differences of the two?
Based on your own experience, which among these two
Fast food restaurants provide better products and
services?
ILO: Analyze the impact of communication on globalization

What is Globalization Anyway? By Alex Gray
How globalization works
• In simple terms, globalization is the process by which people and goods
move easily across borders. Principally, it's an economic concept – the
integration of markets, trade and investments with few barriers to slow
the flow of products and services between nations. There is also a
cultural element, as ideas and traditions are traded and assimilated.
• Globalization has brought many benefits to many people. But not to
everyone.

Storm in a coffee cup
• To help explain the economic side of globalization, let's take a look at the
well-known coffee chain Starbucks.
• The first Starbucks outlet opened its doors in 1971 in the city of Seattle.
Today it has 15,000 stores in 50 countries. These days you can find a
Starbucks anywhere, whether Australia, Cambodia, Chile or Dubai. It's
what you might call a truly globalized company.
• And for many suppliers and jobseekers, not to mention coffee-drinkers,
this was a good thing. The company was purchasing 247 million
kilograms of unroasted coffee from 29 countries. Through its stores and
purchases, it provided jobs and income for hundreds of thousands of
people all over the world.

Storm in a coffee cup
• But then disaster struck. In 2012, Starbucks made headlines after a
Reuters investigation showed that the chain hadn't paid much tax to the
UK government, despite having almost a thousand coffee shops in the
country and earning millions of pounds in profit there.
• As a multinational company, Starbucks was able to use complex
accounting rules that enabled it to have profit earned in one country
taxed in another. Because the latter country had a lower tax rate,
Starbucks benefited. Ultimately, the British public missed out, as the
government was raising less tax to spend on improving their well-being.

How did globalization happen?
• One example is the Silk Road, when trade spread rapidly between China
and Europe via an overland route.
• Merchants carried goods for trade back and forth, trading silk as well as
gems and spices and, of course, coffee. (In fact, the habit of drinking
coffee in a social setting originates from a Turkish custom, an example of
how globalization can spread culture across borders.)

What drives it?
• Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century,
thanks to great leaps in technology.
• The internet has revolutionized connectivity and communication, and
helped people share their ideas much more widely, just as the invention
of the printing press did in the 15th century. The advent of email made
communication faster than ever.
• The invention of enormous container ships helped too. In fact,
improvements in transport generally – faster ships, trains and airplanes –
have allowed us to move around the globe much more easily.

What's good about it?
• Globalization has led to many millions of people being lifted out of poverty.
• For example, when a company like Starbucks buys coffee from farmers in
Rwanda, it is providing a livelihood and a benefit to the community as a
whole. A multinational company's presence overseas contributes to those
local economies because the company will invest in local resources, products
and services. Socially responsible corporations may even invest in medical and
educational facilities.
• Globalization has not only allowed nations to trade with each other, but also
to cooperate with each other as never before. Take the Paris Agreement on
Climate Change, for instance, where 195 countries all agreed to work towards
reducing their carbon emissions for the greater global good.

What's bad about it?
• While some areas have flourished, others have floundered as jobs and commerce move elsewhere.
Steel companies in the UK, for example, once thrived, providing work for hundreds of thousands of
people. But when China began producing cheaper steel, steel plants in the UK closed down and
thousands of jobs were lost.
• Every step forward in technology brings with it new dangers. Computers have vastly improved our
lives, but cyber criminals steal millions of pounds a year. Global wealth has skyrocketed, but so has
global warming.
• While many have been lifted out of poverty, not everybody has benefited. Many argue that
globalization operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries, with most of the world's
collective profits flowing back to them and into the pockets of those who already own the most.
• Although globalization is helping to create more wealth in developing countries, it is not helping to
close the gap between the world's poorest and richest nations. Leading charity Oxfam says that when
corporations such as Starbucks can legally avoid paying tax, the global inequality crisis worsens.
• Basically, done wisely (in the words of the International Monetary Fund) globalization could lead to
"unparalleled peace and prosperity". Done poorly, "to disaster".
Activity 3 Group Work
1 white Cartolina
Choose your partner, make a collage, a poster

or a slogan about the impact of globalization on
communication.
Quiz 3 -Explain your work through presenting
in class. Be ready to share it in class. You will be
graded using a rubric given by your prof.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
Experiencing a miscommunication
QUESTIONS
1. What did one speaker say that was not understood by
the person he/she was speaking with?
2. What was the other speaker’s understanding of what
was said?
3. What do you think were the causes of
miscommunication?
4. How was the miscommunication resolved?
5. What should have been done by each speaker to
prevent miscommunication
ILO: Adopt cultural, intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communicating ideas.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Science explains that each person is genetically unique. except for identical
twins, each person has a unique genetic composition. This uniqueness
becomes even more heightened because of individual experiences. Humans
are formed by forces other than genetics.
Family background, Religious Affiliations, Educational Achievements, Socio-
cultural forces, economic conditions, emotional states, and other factors
shape human identities. Because of this, no two people can ever be exactly
the same.
People interacting with those coming from unfamiliar cultures may have
difficulties in communication. Most people tend to conclude that
miscommunication results from a speakers lack of proficiency in a language.
What is that realized is that fact that even with a excellent language skills,
people may still experience miscommunication.
Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Goman (2011)
(1) Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set rules
that its members take for granted. Few of us are aware of our own cultural
biases because cultural imprinting is begun at a very early age. And while
some of a culture's knowledge, rules, beliefs, values, phobias, and anxieties
are taught explicitly, most of the information is absorbed subconsciously.
Goman (2011)
(2) The challenge for multinational communication has never been greater.
Worldwide business organizations have discovered that intercultural
communication is a subject of importance—not just because of increased
globalization, but also because their domestic workforce is growing more and
more diverse, ethnically and culturally.

Goman (2011)
(3)We are all individuals, and no two people belonging to the same culture are
guaranteed to respond in exactly the same way. However, generalizations are
valid to the extent that they provide clues on what you will most likely
encounter when dealing with members of a particular culture.

Goman (2011)
High-Context vs. Low-Context
(4) All international communication is influenced by cultural differences. Even
the choice of communication medium can have cultural overtones. The
determining factor may not be the degree of industrialization, but rather
whether the country falls into a high-context or low-context culture.
(5) High-context cultures (Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin
American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian) leave much of the message
unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal cues, and between-
the-lines interpretation of what is actually said. By contrast, low-context
cultures (most Germanic and English-speaking countries) expect messages to
be explicit and specific.

Goman (2011)
Sequential vs. Synchronic
(6) Some cultures think of time sequentially, as a linear commodity to "spend," "save," or "waste."
Other cultures view time synchronically, as a constant flow to be experienced in the moment, and as
a force that cannot be contained or controlled.
(7) In sequential cultures (like North American, English, German, Swedish, and Dutch),
businesspeople give full attention to one agenda item after another.
(8) In synchronic cultures (including South America, southern Europe and Asia) the flow of time is
viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present, and future all interrelated. This viewpoint
influences how organizations in those cultures approach deadlines, strategic thinking, investments,
developing talent from within, and the concept of "long-term" planning.
(9) Orientation to the past, present, and future is another aspect of time in which cultures differ.
Americans believe that the individual can influence the future by personal effort, but since there are
too many variables in the distant future, we favor a short-term view. Synchronistic cultures’ context
is to understand the present and prepare for the future. Any important relationship is a durable
bond that goes back and forward in time, and it is often viewed as grossly disloyal not to favor
friends and relatives in business dealings.

Goman (2011)
Affective vs. Neutral
(10) In international business practices, reason and emotion both play a role. Which of
these dominates depends upon whether we are affective (readily showing emotions) or
emotionally neutral in our approach. Members of neutral cultures do not telegraph their
feelings, but keep them carefully controlled and subdued. In cultures with high affect,
people show their feelings plainly by laughing, smiling, grimacing, scowling, and sometimes
crying, shouting, or walking out of the room.
(11) This doesn't mean that people in neutral cultures are cold or unfeeling, but in the
course of normal business activities, neutral cultures are more careful to monitor the
amount of emotion they display. Emotional reactions were found to be least acceptable in
Japan, Indonesia, the U.K., Norway, and the Netherlands and most accepted in Italy, France,
the U.S., and Singapore.
(12) Reason and emotion are part of all human communication. When expressing ourselves,
we look to others for confirmation of our ideas and feelings. If our approach is highly
emotional, we are seeking a direct emotional response: "I feel the same way." If our
approach is highly neutral, we want an indirect response: "I agree with your thoughts on
this."

Goman (2011)
Affective vs. Neutral
(13) It's easy for people from neutral cultures to sympathize with the Dutch
manager and his frustration over trying to reason with "that excitable Italian."
After all, an idea either works or it doesn't work, and the way to test the
validity of an idea is through trial and observation. That just makes sense—
doesn't it? Well, not necessarily to the Italian who felt the issue was deeply
personal and who viewed any "rational argument" as totally irrelevant!
(14) When it comes to communication, what's proper and correct in one
culture may be ineffective or even offensive in another. In reality, no culture is
right or wrong, better or worse—just different. In today's global business
community, there is no single best approach to communicating with one
another. The key to cross-cultural success is to develop an understanding of,
and a deep respect for, the differences.
Activity 4 (1/4 yellow pad)
Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false
then revise/rewrite the statement to make it true. 5 items x 3
points = 15pts
1. Anyone who is a proficient speaker of a language will find
communicating across the culture easy.
2. Our emotions do not matter whenever we communicate with
each other.
3. There is no such thing as a right culture or a wrong culture.
4. All cultures have the same way of thinking about time.
5. Communicating across culture happens in one’s country because
of the diverse domestic workplace of many companies today.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Determine culturally the appropriate Terms, expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race, class, etc..)
Varieties of English
According to Braj Kachru, the Three
Concentric Circle of Asian Englishes
presents the three circles: Inner
Circle (English as a native language)
member countries, Outer Circle
(English as second language)
member countries and Expanding
Circle ( English as a foreign
language) member countries.
World Englishes (WE)
- Stands for localized varieties of English as they
are used or spoken in certain areas.
According to Bautista and Gonzalez (2006), the
structural characteristic of these new varieties differ.
In terms of social features, differences can also be
highlighted through these following varieties of English
within the same Speech Community:
1. Acrolect – comes to the closest to the standard.
According to Bautista and Gonzalez (2006), the
structural characteristic of these new varieties differ.
In terms of social features, differences can also be
highlighted through these following varieties of English
within the same Speech Community:
2. Basilect – digresses thoroughly from it and comes
closest to the pidgin.
According to Bautista and Gonzalez (2006), the structural
characteristic of these new varieties differ.
In terms of social features, differences can also be highlighted
through these following varieties of English within the same
Speech Community:
3. Mesolect – middle variety is midway between Acrolect and
Basilect.
According to Bautista and Gonzalez (2006), the structural
characteristic of these new varieties differ.
In terms of social features, differences can also be highlighted
through these following varieties of English within the same
Speech Community:
4. Edulects – these varieties resulting from certain types of
education ascertained by social class but are conveyed or
transferred by the kind of instruction of the school.
According to Kachru and Nelson (2006) claim that
these varieties of English are influenced by the local
language/s in various areas of their grammars and exhibit
specific phonological, lexical, syntactic and discoursal
characteristics.
Moreover, in terms of rhythm and stress,
Outer and Expanding Circle varieties observe
syllable-timed rhythm than stress-timed rhythm.
For example: Nigerians say ‘success for suc’cess
Indians and Nigerians say recog’nize
for ‘recognize.
In short, speakers from Outer and Expanding countries do not
make any changes in their pronunciation to make a distinction
between nouns and verbs which Inner countries observe as
the case of ‘import and im’port and do not utilize contrastive
stress for focusing (Bamgbose. 1992 & Gumperz, 1982a,1982b,
as cited in Kachru and Nelson (2006)
Voiceless plosives such as p,t,k and often perceived by
the Inner countries same as with the b,d,g.
Expanding Countries like Japan do not properly

distinguish between R and L.
Only some English varieties in Southeast Asia can be seen
having a lexicon and vocabulary words with these following
examples:
1. Singapore English
actsy ‘show off’
missy ‘nurse’
chop ‘rubber stamp
Marina kids, youngsters who spend their leisure time at or
around Marina Square. (Pakir, 1992, as cited in Kachru &
Nelson, 2006)
Only some English varieties in Southeast Asia can be seen having a lexicon
and vocabulary words with these following examples:
2. Philippine English
‘deep’ hard to understand
‘High Blood’ tense or upset
‘Blow out’ to treat someone with a meal
‘Motel’ used for pre-marital sex
‘Amboy’ half Filipino and American
‘Pulot boy’ boy who pick up tennis balls in a game
‘Balikbayan box’ bow where Filipinos returning from abroad put all
their shopping among others. (Bautista 1997, cited Kachru & Nelson 2006)
Only some English varieties in Southeast Asia can be seen having a lexicon
and vocabulary words with these following examples:
3. Malaysian English
‘Antilog’ a male hated by a girl
‘Popcorn’ a loquacious person
‘Kachang’ peanuts
‘Slambar’ relax
‘day bugs’ those come to attend school do not live in residence halls
(Said &Ng 2000, as cited in Kachru &Nelson, 2006)
Defining Standard Philippine English: Its Status and Grammatical Features
came out in 2000, Gonzalez identified the following lexical features in
Philippine English (p.76):
1. Preference for specific words and collactions specifically shall, could,
such, wherein, of (to signal possession)
2. Unusual words and collocations, specific terms and word combinations
3. Unusual prepositional usage
Defining Standard Philippine English: Its Status and Grammatical
Features came out in 2000, Gonzalez identified the following Syntactic
features in Philippine English (p.76):
1. Word-order features
2. Use of articles
3. Noun sub-categorization
4. Pronoun-antecedent
5. Pronoun – antecedent incongruence
6. Subject-predicate incongruence
7. Reclassification of GAE transitive verbs as intransitive verbs
8. Tense-aspect usage consisting of unusual use of verb forms and
tenses.
You have to be aware of and recognize
intercultural communication as you need to be
sensitive to the people around you who belong to
different cultural heritages and have their own
linguistic identity.
Language Registers/Registers of English

David Crystal (2008) defines Register as a variety of
language defined according to its use in social
situations e.g. a register of scientific, religious, formal
English.
Crystal (1964) discusses Style refers to the degree of
formality attached to particular interpersonal social
situation which is reflected by differences in Language.
E.g. The way on how you talk to a friend is different on
how you talk to your superior.

Crystal (1964) discusses Register refers to a kind of
language whose forms are of a deniable social
situation, legal language, liturgical language and so on.
According to Lee (2001), Genre is associated with the

organization of culture, register is associated with the
organization of situation.
Genre of Recipe
Field may be analyzed in terms of social setting and the
communicative purpose in which text is produced.
Tenor May be described in terms of the role/s required of the

writers and readers including the cultural values shared by
both.
Mode could be explained in light of the knowledge of other

texts required of speakers/listeners and writers/readers as
regards the genre including formal text features.
Language Register
refers to formality of language which one speaks
and used in different situations.
Formal Register
used in formal speaking and writing situations.
Likewise appropriate use in professional writing
Legalese or Legal language is highly characterized by
archaic expressions, technical jargon intrinsic only to
the community of legal professionals, structures,
nominalizations and passive voice.
Textese or the language of text opposite use of
abbreviations, acronyms, slang words and expressions.
However misinterpretation/miscommunication in text

messaging may arise if vocabulary and knowledge of
context are limited
Quiz 4 (1/4 yellow pad)
Enumeration
1-5. Give 5 countries which are members of Inner
Circle
6-10. Give 5 countries which are members of Outer
Circle
11-15 Give 5 countries which are members of
Expanding Circle
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Present ideas persuasively using appropriate language registers, tone, facial
expressions, and gestures
Writing an Explanation Essay

WHY is a relevant questions because if we live from
ancient times “why” was not used to ask or attempt to
seek an answer. Without “Why”, we would have limited
knowledge about many things in our world.

Why – means providing explanations for
phenomena
Explanation Essay – one such example a written
piece of work that addresses “why” questions.

The following reading selection is an explanation essay which attempts to
answer “why” questions similar to some. Look up the following words and
phrases that
• Lingua franca
are used in the selection
• Linguistic Nationalism
• Cultural Chauvinism
• Conversant
• Siloed cubicles
• Crème de la crème
• Mano-a-mano
• Bourgeois stories
• Batting an eyelash

A Mansion of Many Languages by Danton Remoto (2017)
In 1977, my mentor, the National Artist for Literature and Theater Rolando S. Tinio, said:
“It is too simple-minded to suppose that enthusiasm for Filipino as lingua franca and national
language of the country necessarily involves the elimination of English usage or training for it
in schools.
Proficiency in English provides the advantages that champions of English say it does –
•access to the vast fund of culture expressed in it,
•mobility in various spheres of the international scene, especially those dominated by the
English-speaking Americans,
•participation in a quality of modern life of which some features may be assimilated by us with
great advantage.

Linguistic nationalism does not imply cultural
chauvinism. Nobody wants to go back to the
mountains. One’s experience with onions is
quite telling: peel off everything and you end up
with a pinch of air.”
2019/8/28
Their bills, and their illogical defense of these bills, show that the problem is not lack of language skills,
but of brain cells.
Decades of teaching English to students (together with four years of teaching Filipino) have shown me
that the best students in English are also the best students in Filipino. And how did they master the
two languages?
One, they had very good teachers in both languages. Two, they inhabited the worlds of both languages.
Three, they have gone beyond the false either-or mentality that hobbled their parents.

No guilt
Let me explain.
My best students in English and Filipino were tutored by crème de la crème, many of them teaching in
private schools. At the Ateneo de Manila University, we have classes in Remedial English, since renamed
Basic English or English 1. These are six units of non-credit subjects. The enrollees are mostly intelligent
students from the public schools and the provinces. Lack of books and untrained teachers prevent them
from having a level playing field with the other freshmen. A year of catching up is necessary for them to
have the skills to have a mano-a-mano with the other students.

Moreover, I introduce them to the worlds of the language they are studying – be it in
the formal realm of the textbook or the popular ones of film, graphic novel, or anime. I
encourage them to keep a journal as well, which is not a diary where you write what
time you woke up and why. A journal, or its postmodern cousin, the web log or blog,
aims to capture impressions or moods on the wing. If at the same time it sharpens the
students’ knowledge of English, then that is already hallelujah for the English teacher.

To the charge that I write only in English, I showed them

my poems in Filipino, because the modern Filipino
writer is not only a writer in either English or Filipino,
but a writer in both languages, like colorful balls that he
juggles with the dexterity of a seasoned circus
performer.

Not either-or choice

In short, one no longer has to live between two languages, but to live in a
mansion of many languages.
To end in a full circle, we must return to Rolando S. Tinio, who said: “Only the
mastery of a first language enables one to master a second and a third. For one
can think and feel only in one’s first language, then encode those thoughts and
feelings into a second and a third.”

In short, as a friend and fellow professor has put it, “The Philippines is a multi-
lingual paradise.” The earlier we know we live in a paradise of many languages,
the better we can savor its fruits ripened by the sun.
The British insurer, Pru-Life, commissioned me to write this article, which was
first published in Business Mirror newspaper. Comments can be sent to
www.dantonremoto2010.blogspot.com
The Blog
Writing a Blog
Blogs define as from handwritten entries on a piece of paper or
a notebook page, diary in contemporary times come in the form of
online journals.
It was first used in the 1990’s.
This is different from traditional journal/diary wherein it can be

uploaded to online platforms that make easier for bloggers
The Blog
Writing a Blog
it means that bloggers must present these issues in a way that
would interests the general public.
Blogs are more concerned with communicating a message,
rather than simply expressing or documenting an idea or emotion.
It also promotes your way of expressing your emotions through
ideas based on your personality.
ILO: Explain the various medium in communication
The Blog (Activity 1)

Group yourselves into 4 members and
answer the following questions in page
183
The Essay (Quiz 1)

Write your own essay in 1 whole yellow
pad paper about the importance of
education to an individual in our
present generation.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Communication Aids using tools of technology and Strategies
COMMUNICATION MODES
• Refers to the channel through which one express
his/her communicative intent
• Conveys his/her thoughts
• Views or feelings can be communicated through face
to face interaction, video, audio and text based.
COMMUNICATION MODES
1. Face to face interaction
How do you initiate conversations?
Margaret J. Wheatley states:
“All social change begins with a conversation”
COMMUNICATION MODES
2. Video
COMMUNICATION MODES
3. Audio
COMMUNICATION MODES
4. Text-based communication
Communication Strategies
What Are Communication Strategies?
• Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and
a receiver. It used to be that you only had to worry about the way you
communicated face-to-face or on paper. Technology has changed this
completely. It is important for people to take into account every
aspect of how they are relaying information. This is where
communication strategies come into play.
• Communication strategies are the blueprints for how this information
will be exchanged.
Types of Communication Strategies
Communication strategies can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual.
Integrating all the strategies together will allow you to see the most
success. This allows a business to meet employee needs and increase
workplace knowledge.
Types of Communication Strategies
The following are the important things to remember:
• Verbal communication strategies can be broken down into the two categories of
written and oral communication. Written strategies consist of avenues such as e-
mail, text, and chat. Examples that fall into the oral category are phone calls,
video chats, and face-to-face conversation.
• Nonverbal communication strategies consist of mostly visual cues, such as body
language, facial expressions, physical distance between communicators, or the
tone of your voice. These cues are typically not intended. However, it is important
to realize the message you are sending. Otherwise, you may be saying one thing,
yet the receiver is hearing another.
• Visual communication strategies can be seen through signs, webpages, and
illustrations. These strategies are used in the workplace to draw attention and
provide documentation. Human resources is required to post certain visuals
throughout the workplace to comply with safety laws.
Activity 2 – Role Play
Group yourselves
into 5-8 members,
act out and create a
conversation. You are
only given 8mins
each to present next
meeting.
Activity 2 – Role Play
Group yourselves into 3 members and choose from the
following situations to act out and create a
conversation.
Quiz 2 – (Individual Work)
Give 3 specific example

scenario/situation for each
Communication Mode and write it in a
1 whole yellow pad paper.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
Physical media
With physical media we mean channels where the person who is
talking can be seen and heard by the audience. The whole point here is
to be able to not only hear the messages but also to see the body
language and feel the climate in the room.
Physical media
This does not need to be two-way channels. In certain situations the
receiver expect physical communication. This is the case especially
when dealing with high concern messages, e.g. organizational change
or down sizing. If a message is perceived as important to the receiver
they expect to hear it live from their manager.
Physical media
The following are example of Physical Media:
• Large meetings, town hall meetings
• Department meetings (weekly meetings)
• Up close and personal (exclusive meetings)
• Viral communication or word of mouth
Physical media
The following are example
of Physical Media:
• Large meetings, town hall
meetings
This channel works
very well when you need to
get across strategic and
important messages to a
large group of people at the
same time, creating a wide
attention, get engagement
or communicate a sense of
belonging
Physical media
The following are example of
Physical Media:
• Weekly departmental meetings
Weekly meetings are also
used to follow up on information
from large meetings, management
team meetings etc from a “what’s-
in-it-for-us-perspective”. This type
of smaller group meetings gives
good opportunities for dialogue.
Physical media
The following are example of Physical
Media:
• Up close and personal
This is a form of meetings where,
often, a senior manager meets with a
“random” selection of employees to discuss
and answer questions. Some managers use
this as a on going activities on a monthly
basis. It can also be used in specific projects
or campaigns e.g. launching new strategies.
Physical media
The following are example of Physical
Media:
• Viral communication
Or viral marketing as it is also called
works external as well as internal and refer
to marketing techniques that use pre-
existing social networks to produce
increases in awareness or knowledge
through self-replicating viral processes. It
can be word-of-mouth delivered or
enhanced by the network effects of social
media.
Mechanical media
With mechanical media we mean written or electronic channels. These
channels can be used as archives for messages or for giving the big
picture and a deeper knowledge. Typically though, because it is written,
it is always interpret by the reader based on his or her mental
condition. Irony or even humor rarely travels well in mechanical
channels.
• E-mail
• Weekly letters or newsletters
• Personal letters
• Billboards
• Intranet
• Magazines or papers
• SMS (Short Message Service)
• Social media
Mechanical media
• E-mail
It is suitable mainly for up-to-
date and “simple” messages and
where there is no risk of
misunderstanding, E-mail is an
important supplement to weekly
meetings and the Intranet. Invitation
to and agenda for meetings can with
advantage be sent out with e-mail
before the meeting, while background
facts and minutes from meetings is
well suited to be stored on the
Intranet.
Mechanical media
• Weekly letters
Managers that have large groups of
employees and who has difficulties in
meeting all of them often choose to publish a
personally weekly letter. It is sort of a short
summary of news with personally reflections.
They can also contain summaries and status
in tasks, projects or issues – yesterday, today
and tomorrow.
Mechanical media
• Personal letters
At special occasions it can be
justified to send a personal letter to
employees in order to get attention to
a specific issue. E.g. pat on the back
letter after extra ordinary
achievements. One other example is a
letter that summarizes the past year
and wishes all the best for the holidays.
Mechanical media
• Billboard
But the good thing with the
billboard is that you can use billboards
to inform people who does not have
computers and/or access to the
Intranet or to reach people that work
part time and does not attend weekly
meetings.
• News summary
• Weekly letters
• Minutes from meetings
• Schedules
• Holiday lists
Mechanical media
• Intranet
The Intranet is of course one of
the most used types of communication
medium and a very important
communication channel and work tool
for you as a manager, but it is also your
job to help your employees prioritize
and pick out the information on the
Intranet, as well as translating
messages into local consequences.
Mechanical media
• Employee magazine
A Magazine offers the
opportunity to deepen a specific issue,
explain context, describing
consequences or tell a story. It also has
the opportunity to reach many
employees. As were the case with the
Intranet you also have to “translate”
the information in the magazine to
your employees.
Mechanical media
• Sms
Or text messaging to the mobile
phone is one of the new types of
communication medium and not a very
widely used channel but where it is
used it is proven very effective. The
advantage with Sms is that it is fast.
But it should be used rarely as an
exclusive channel.
Mechanical media
• Social media
Wikipedia describe social media
as “Media designed to be disseminated
through social interaction, created
using highly accessible and scalable
publishing techniques. Social media
supports the human need for social
interaction, using Internet- and web-
based technologies to transform
broadcast media monologues (one to
many) into social media dialogues
(many to many).
Push or Pull
It is divided in the different types of communication medium in Push or Pull
channels.
Push channels are channels where the sender are pushing the message to
the receiver. Meaning it is up to the sender to control the communication.
• E-mail
• News letters and letters (if sent out)
• Magazines (if sent out)
• Meetings
• Telephone
• SMS
Push or Pull
Pull channels on the other hand is when the receiver is pulling the message
from the sender. It is up to the receiver when he or she wants to take in the
message.
• Intranet
• Billboards
• New letters and letters (if not sent out)
• Magazines (if not sent out)
• Social media
Push channels are often regarded as having higher reliability than pull
channels because of the fact that it is more active in the communication.
Push or Pull
The ambition Stairway
Choosing the right types of communication medium is first and most
about understanding your ambition with the communication. What effect is
you looking for after you have communicated? Increased knowledge, better
understanding more motivation or involvement, or do you want it to lead to
some sort of action or changed behavior?
Push or Pull
The ambition Stairway
The Ambition Stairway is a useful tool for you to use when deciding
what channels to use for your level of ambition. Witch gives you control of
the different types of communication medium. Also, it is important to
realize that just publishing something on the Intranet will not get employees
motivated and involved.
Activity 3 (Group Work)
Form a group of ten (10) members and write political
issues happening in our country. Each member should
submit a topic of interest to the group leaders to be
consolidated in the making of the newsletter . Write it in a
½ crosswise.
Quiz 3 (Group Work)
Present your Newsletter in a Manila Paper or Cartolina
paper.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Compare the different technology used in communication
Print Media
Print Media is one of the oldest and basic forms of communication. It
includes newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies, banners &
graphics, posters and other forms of printed material. The contribution
of print media in providing information and transfer of knowledge is
remarkable.
ILO: Compare the different technology used in communication
Broadcast media
This refers to primarily television and radio,
although broadcasting companies have expanded to offer digital
offerings including media streaming applications and other robust web-
based offerings.
ILO: Compare the different genres used in communication
Digital Media
This refers to products and services on digital computer-based systems
which respond to the user's actions by presenting content such as text,
moving image, animation, video, audio, and video games.
Digital Media
Advertising and marketing
agencies are looking for new ways
to use interactive media to
connect with customers.
Educational institutions are
expanding their reach by providing
online degrees. In this article, you
can explore interactive media
education and career options.
Schools offering Animation
degrees can also be found in these
popular choices.
Electronic Media
This refers from any type of device that stores and allows or use of
electronic information. This includes television, radio, Internet, fax,
CDROMs, DVD, and any other electronic medium. Contrast to print media.
ILO: Explain the usefulness of the different technology in communication
New media
New Media is used to describe
content made available using different
forms of electronic communication made
possible through the use of computer
technology.
This content can be viewed on any
device and provides way for people to
interact with the content in real-time with
the inclusion of user comments and
making it easy for people to share the
content online and in social with friends
and co-workers.
New media
Examples of New Media
The phrase new media is in relation to "old"
media forms, such as print newspapers and
magazines, that are static representations of text
and graphics. New media includes:
• Websites and Blogs
• streaming audio and video
• chat rooms
• email
• online communities
• social media and sharing platforms
New media
Examples of New Media
The phrase new media is in relation to "old"
media forms, such as print newspapers and
magazines, that are static representations of text
and graphics. New media includes:
• mobile apps
• Web advertising
• DVD and CD-ROM media
• virtual reality environments
• integration of digital data with the telephone
• digital cameras
Activity 4 (Group Work)
Group yourselves into 6 members and
present a 5 examples scenario/situation
about New Media and present it in class
next meeting. You will be graded using a
rubric given by your prof.
Quiz 4 (Individual Work)
Write your own essay in 1 whole yellow
pad paper about the importance of
Print, Broadcast, Electronic and New
Media to an individual in our present
generation.
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Explain the different purpose of communication in workplace.
Genre Across Professions

People communicate according about a certain
organization, event or individual.

1. Business Letters
a communication letter between a sender and a receiver
wherein it is used for transaction and can’t be easily relayed orally.
a. Heading
b. Inside Address
c. Salutation
d. Body
e. Complimentary close
f. Signature
Business Letter with a Conventional Heading
Business Letter with a Modern Heading
2. Memorandum
came from a latin term means “it must be remembered”. It is
usually used is disseminating message by those occupying mid-level
positions and up in an organization
A reminder to one’s constituents who need to act about
something.
Effective memo should be written in a
Powerful manner.
Memorandum

3. Minutes of Meeting
Offices hold meetings from time to time.
In this event one should discuss important matters and issues.
Minutes of Meeting

4. Business Proposal
it is to attract clients or secure support from possible investors or
organizations.
Your goal is to approve by the prospective client.
3 major parts:
a. Problem Statement
b. Proposed solution
c. Costing or pricing

5. Job Interview
All a job interview does is give employers the chance to meet you
and see if they like you enough to give you a job.

5. Job Interview
Follow these 5 easy steps and you will stand the best chance of getting a job:
a. What type of interview is it?
The three main types of interview:
• One-to-one interview – The most common type… You are interviewed by just
one person (usually the boss!) and it’s a simple question and answer session.
• Panel interview – A bit scarier… This is where you’re interviewed by more than
one person at a time – expect two or more interviewers to be in the room with
you.
• Competency interview – The most advanced interview type. You’ll be tested on
different situations e.g. ‘tell me about a time when you showed good teamwork’.

5. Job Interview
Follow these 5 easy steps and you will stand the best chance of getting
a job:
b. What should I wear?
It may sound silly but you must plan your interview outfit. You
don’t necessarily have to wear a suit, depending on what job you’re
going for, but you should follow a few simple dress code rules
5. Job Interview
a job:
c. Practice these interview questions
YOU MUST PRACTICE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS! OK, that was a bit
dramatic, but this is where many people mess up. By just spending a
little bit of time looking at common interview questions and answers
you can really improve your chances of getting the job
5. Job Interview
a job:
d. Body language in the interview
It may sound weird but body language has a big part to play in
your job interview. For example, if you sit slouched in your chair with
your arms crossed you could come across badly, even if your answers
are good

5. Job Interview
a job:
e. Don’t forget to ask your own questions
At the end of almost every interview, the interviewer will say to
you ‘do you have any questions for me?’ If you shrug your shoulders
and get tongue-tied then you can look uninterested. Go in with a few
interview questions of your own prepared, instead.
6. Application Letter and Resume
A letter of application, also
known as a cover letter, is a
document sent with your resume to
provide additional information about
your skills and experience.
The letter of application is intended to
provide detailed information on why
you are a qualified candidate for the
job.
6. Application Letter and Resume
A resume is a one- or two-
page formal document that job
hopefuls submit to hiring managers
and employment recruiters as a
means of itemizing their work
experience, educational background,
and special skills. Successful resumes
entice potential employers to invite
applicants to interview for the
position.
Activities and Quizzes
Activity 1 (Group Work with 5 members)
– Make Your own Business Proposal
power point.
Quiz 1 (Individual Presentation) –
present in class next meeting
Activity 2 (By Pair) – Business Letter
with a Conventional Heading
Quiz 2 (By Pair) – Business Letter with
a Modern Heading
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
GEC005
ILO: Write and present academic papers using appropriate tone, style, conventions and reference styles.
Research based Journal

The following are the Major Sections of a Research Journal:
Customary Parts of an Education Research Paper:
• Title/Cover Page
Contains the paper's title, the author's name, address, phone
number, e-mail, and the day's date.

• Abstract
Often only 100 to 300 words, the abstract generally provides a
broad overview and is never more than a page. It describes the
essence, the main theme of the paper. It includes the research question
posed, its significance, the methodology, and the main results or
findings. Footnotes or cited works are never listed in an abstract.
Remember to take great care in composing the abstract. It's the first
part of the paper the instructor reads.

• Introduction and Statement of the Problem
A good introduction states the main research problem and thesis
argument. Never provide a lengthy justification for your topic before it
has been explicitly stated.

• Limitations of Study
Indicate as soon as possible what you intend to do, and what you
are not going to attempt. You may limit the scope of your paper by any
number of factors, for example, time, personnel, gender, age,
geographic location, nationality, and so on.

• Literature Review
The research process uncovers what other writers have written
about your topic. Your education paper should include a discussion or
review of what is known about the subject and how that knowledge
was acquired. Once you provide the general and specific context of
the existing knowledge, then you yourself can build on others'
research.

• Main Body of Paper/Argument
It's where the author supports the thesis and builds the
argument. It contains most of the citations and analysis. This section
should focus on a rational development of the thesis with clear
reasoning and solid argumentation at all points. A clear focus, avoiding
meaningless digressions, provides the essential unity that characterizes
a strong education paper.

• Conclusion
After spending a great deal of time and energy introducing and
arguing the points in the main body of the paper, the conclusion brings
everything together and underscores what it all means. A stimulating
and informative conclusion leaves the reader informed and well-
satisfied.

• Appendices
Education research papers often contain one or more
appendices. An appendix contains material that is appropriate for
enlarging the reader's understanding, but that does not fit very well
into the main body of the paper. Such material might include tables,
charts, summaries, questionnaires, interview questions, lengthy
statistics, maps, pictures, photographs, lists of terms, glossaries,
survey instruments, letters, copies of historical documents, and many
other types of supplementary material.
Activity 3 (By Pair) – Memorandum
Quiz 3 (By Pair) – Minutes of Meeting
Activity 4 (Individual work) –Application
letter attached your Resume
Quiz 4 (Individual Work) – Job

Interview

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PURPOSIVE

According to Linguists, language will be called a language if there is

Share your own experience the time you were

Types of Communication according to Mode

Types of Communication according to

Do you find it normal to talk to yourself?

Types of Communication according to Context

Types of Communication according to Context

Types of Communication according to Context

Types of Communication according to Context

Types of Communication according to Context

Types of Communication according to

General Principles of Effective Communication

Principles of Effective Oral Communication

Principles of Effective Written

Principles of Effective Written Communication: The

Principles of Effective Written Communication: The

Quiz 2 - Be ready to share it in class. You will

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Communication and Globalization

Choose your partner, make a collage, a poster

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Communicating Across Cultures by Carol Kinsey

Expanding Countries like Japan do not properly

Language Registers/Registers of English

Language Registers/Registers of English

According to Lee (2001), Genre is associated with the

Tenor May be described in terms of the role/s required of the

Mode could be explained in light of the knowledge of other

However misinterpretation/miscommunication in text

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

A Mansion of Many Languages by Danton Remoto (2017)

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

Writing an Explanation Essay

To the charge that I write only in English, I showed them

Writing an Explanation Essay

Not either-or choice

Writing an Explanation Essay

It was first used in the 1990’s.

This is different from traditional journal/diary wherein it can be

The Blog (Activity 1)

The Essay (Quiz 1)

Give 3 specific example

Genre Across Professions

Genre Across Professions

Genre Across Professions

Genre Across Professions

Genre Across Professions

Genre Across Professions