2020 Poverty LA

This version: November 2020
Content of poverty_LAC.xls
1. FGT measures: USD-1.9-a-day poverty line.
2. Headcount ratio (USD 1.9 poverty line). Value, standard error, coefficient of variation and 95% confidence interval.
3. FGT measures: USD-2.5-a-day poverty line.
4. Headcount ratio (USD 2.5 poverty line). Value, standard error, coefficient of variation and 95% confidence interval.
5. FGT measures: USD-4-a-day poverty line.
6. Headcount ratio (USD 4 poverty line). Value, standard error, coefficient of variation and 95% confidence interval.
7. FGT measures. Poverty line: 50% median household per capita income.
8. Headcount ratio (poverty line: 50% median household per capita income). Value, standard error, coefficient of variation and 9
9. Headcount ratio (USD 1.9 poverty line). By region.
10. Headcount ratio (USD 2.5 poverty line). By region.
11. Headcount ratio (USD 4 poverty line). By region.
12. Poverty as basic needs (UBN). Headcount ratio for urban areas, Page 1.
Information taken from this database should be cited as "Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)" or "Source: Socio-Econ
America and the Caribbean (CEDLAS and The World Bank)". We advise making reference to the date when the database was con
change.
confidence interval.
confidence interval.
onfidence interval.
or, coefficient of variation and 95% confidence interval.
d Bank)" or "Source: Socio-Economic Database for Latin

ate when the database was consulted, as statistics may
Poverty
FGT measures
USD-1.9-a-day poverty line (2011 PPP)
Individual estimates
National Urban
Headcount Poverty gap Headcount
FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2) FGT(0)
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 8.4 3.2 1.8 8.4
2004-I 7.1 2.7 1.6 7.1
2004-II 6.4 2.2 1.2 6.4
2005-I 5.6 1.9 1.0 5.6
2005-II 4.7 1.7 0.9 4.7
2006-I 4.4 1.7 0.9 4.4
2006-II 4.0 1.6 0.9 4.0
2007-I 3.6 1.5 1.0 3.6
2007-II 3.3 1.3 0.8 3.3
2008-I 3.5 1.3 0.8 3.5
2008-II 3.2 1.3 0.8 3.2
2009-I 3.5 1.4 0.8 3.5
2009-II 3.0 1.3 0.8 3.0
2010-I 3.0 1.1 0.7 3.0
2010-II 2.8 1.1 0.6 2.8
2011-I 1.4 0.5 0.3 1.4
2011-II 1.1 0.4 0.3 1.1
2012-I 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.2
2012-II 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.2
2013-I 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.0
2013-II 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.0
2014-I 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.2
2014-II 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.9
2015-I 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.9
2016-II 1.1 0.4 0.2 1.1
2017-I 1.3 0.5 0.3 1.3
2017-II 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.9
2018-I 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.0
2018-II 1.4 0.4 0.3 1.4
Bolivia
Urban
1992 15.0 4.8 2.6 15.0
1993 11.3 4.2 2.5 11.3
1997 7.7 2.6 1.5 7.7
National
1997 19.3 10.0 6.8 7.7
1999 25.2 15.3 11.4 6.0
2000 28.6 17.5 13.2 10.0
2001 22.8 12.3 8.4 7.2
2002 24.6 13.3 9.4 8.6
2005 19.2 9.9 6.5 4.1
2006 16.1 8.0 5.2 2.8
2007 12.4 5.9 3.8 2.2
2008 11.0 5.0 3.1 3.2
2009 10.3 5.0 3.0 2.4
2011 7.2 3.0 1.8 1.3
2012 8.1 3.9 2.5 1.4
2013 6.9 3.1 1.9 0.9
2014 5.7 2.5 1.5 1.0
2015 6.3 2.8 1.7 0.9
2016 7.0 2.9 1.8 1.7
2017 5.8 2.4 1.4 1.1
2018 4.5 1.7 1.0 0.6
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 20.9 9.1 5.5 15.2
1993 20.0 8.6 5.2 14.5
1995 12.0 4.6 2.6 7.7
1996 12.3 4.9 2.8 8.0
1997 12.1 4.8 2.7 7.7
1998 10.7 4.1 2.2 7.0
1999 11.3 4.2 2.3 7.6
2001 11.5 4.6 2.6 8.6
2002 10.2 3.8 2.1 7.7
2003 11.0 4.3 2.4 8.5
2004 9.5 3.5 1.9 7.4
With Rural North
2004 9.7 3.6 2.0 7.3
2005 8.6 3.1 1.7 6.3
2006 7.2 2.7 1.5 5.0
2007 6.8 2.8 1.7 4.9
2008 5.5 2.2 1.2 3.9
2009 5.4 2.1 1.2 3.9
2011 4.7 1.9 1.1 3.3
2012 3.8 1.5 0.9 2.7
2013 3.8 1.5 0.9 2.8
2014 2.7 0.9 0.5 1.8
2015 3.3 1.2 0.6 2.4
New PNADC
2012 3.6 1.3 0.7 2.2
2013 2.9 0.9 0.5 1.9
2014 2.5 0.8 0.4 1.7
2015 3.0 1.0 0.5 2.0
2016 3.9 1.4 0.8 2.8
2017 4.4 1.6 0.9 3.1
2018 4.4 1.6 0.9 3.0
Chile
1987 11.4 4.0 2.2 10.5
1990 7.9 2.7 1.5 7.0
1992 4.7 1.5 0.9 4.3
1994 4.9 1.8 1.1 4.3
1996 3.4 1.2 0.7 2.8
1998 3.5 1.3 0.8 3.2
New Income Methodology the results for 2000 and 2003 are not comparable with the results of previous years
2000 4.7 2.0 1.4 4.1

2003 4.7 2.1 1.5 4.3
starting in 2006, the results are not directly comparable with previous years
2006 1.5 0.5 0.3 1.3
2009 1.3 0.5 0.3 1.2
2011 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6
2013 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3
2015 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3
2017 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 20.1 10.4 7.4 15.4
2002 13.1 4.7 2.5 7.8
2003 11.0 5.1 3.5 8.0
2004 11.1 4.7 3.1 7.8
2005 9.9 4.6 3.2 6.6
GEIH-National
2008 10.6 4.4 2.7 7.0
2009 9.1 3.5 2.0 6.0
2010 7.9 2.9 1.6 5.3
2011 6.4 2.4 1.3 4.2
2012 6.3 2.4 1.4 3.9
2013 5.8 2.2 1.3 3.7
2014 5.2 2.0 1.2 3.2
2015 4.7 1.8 1.1 2.8
2016 4.7 1.8 1.1 3.1
2017 4.0 1.6 1.0 2.7
2018 4.2 1.7 1.0 2.8
Costa Rica
EHPM
Without Implicit Rent
1989 10.4 5.8 4.4 7.3
1990 10.2 5.4 4.0 6.3
1991 11.8 5.8 4.2 7.6
1992 9.7 4.9 3.6 5.7
1993 8.1 4.6 3.6 4.5
1994 6.8 3.6 2.7 3.6
1995 7.0 3.8 2.8 3.1
1996 8.1 4.3 3.2 4.0
1997 6.6 3.1 2.2 3.8
1998 5.1 2.4 1.8 2.4
1999 6.6 3.1 2.2 4.0
2000 6.7 3.3 2.4 4.2
2001 7.3 3.9 3.0 4.1
With Implicit Rent
2001 4.9 2.2 1.4 2.4
2002 4.6 2.2 1.5 2.1
2003 4.5 2.0 1.2 2.0
2004 4.4 1.8 1.1 2.1
2005 3.2 1.1 0.6 2.1
2006 3.2 1.3 0.8 1.8
2007 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.8
2008 2.3 0.9 0.6 1.5
2009 2.4 1.1 0.7 1.4
ENAHO
2010 2.8 1.3 0.8 1.5
2010 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.8
2011 1.7 0.7 0.4 1.2
2012 1.7 0.6 0.4 1.2
2013 1.6 0.6 0.3 1.0
2014 1.5 0.6 0.4 1.0
2015 1.5 0.6 0.4 1.0
2016 1.3 0.5 0.3 1.0
2017 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.9
2018 1.5 0.6 0.4 1.2
Dominican Rep.
2000 5.5 1.8 1.0 3.2
2001 3.9 1.1 0.5 2.7
2002 5.6 1.9 1.1 3.6
2003 6.7 2.2 1.2 5.6
2004 8.5 2.7 1.3 6.7
ENFT 3
2005 5.7 1.7 0.8 4.4
2006 4.4 1.2 0.5 3.3
2007 4.4 1.2 0.6 3.7
ENFT 4
2008 3.7 1.0 0.4 2.8
2009 3.2 0.8 0.3 2.6
2010 2.5 0.6 0.2 2.1
2011 2.9 0.7 0.3 2.5
2012 2.6 0.7 0.3 2.5
2013 2.2 0.5 0.2 1.7
2014 2.1 0.5 0.2 1.7
2015 1.8 0.5 0.2 1.6
2016 1.6 0.5 0.2 1.7
ECNFT starting in 2017, the results are not directly comparable with previous years
2017 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7

2018 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 14.5 5.6 3.2 9.3
2004 15.1 6.2 3.8 9.2
2005 11.9 4.5 2.5 6.5
2006 8.1 2.8 1.5 3.8
2007 8.5 3.2 1.8 3.5
2008 7.5 2.9 1.6 3.2
2009 7.2 2.6 1.4 3.9
2010 5.6 1.9 1.0 3.2
2011 4.7 1.8 1.0 2.1
2012 4.5 1.5 0.8 2.0
2013 3.2 1.0 0.5 1.6
2014 2.6 0.8 0.4 1.4
2015 3.5 1.2 0.7 1.8
2016 3.6 1.3 0.7 1.9
2017 3.2 1.1 0.5 1.3
2018 3.3 1.0 0.5 1.8
El Salvador
2000 12.4 5.2 3.0 4.0
2001 13.6 6.1 3.7 5.5
2002 14.1 6.3 3.9 6.0
2003 15.1 7.7 5.4 6.7
2004 11.0 4.9 3.1 5.7
2005 10.6 4.1 2.4 5.3
2006 7.1 2.0 0.9 3.3
2007 4.7 1.1 0.4 1.6
2008 7.0 1.8 0.7 3.2
2009 6.8 1.8 0.7 2.7
2010 5.7 1.5 0.6 2.6
2011 4.7 1.1 0.4 1.8
2012 4.2 1.0 0.4 1.5
2013 3.4 0.8 0.3 1.4
2014 3.1 0.7 0.2 1.2
2015 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.8
2016 2.3 0.5 0.2 0.9
2017 1.9 0.4 0.1 0.6
2018 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.6
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 9.3 3.3 1.8 4.1
2006 11.2 3.8 1.8 3.8
2011 10.8 3.5 1.8 5.7
2014 8.8 2.6 1.2 4.1
ENEI
2002 18.5 9.2 6.0 6.8
2003 16.6 6.5 3.8 4.7
2004 14.5 5.7 3.4 8.5
Honduras
DGEC
Without Non Labor Income
1991 37.6 18.4 12.6 27.4
1992 33.2 16.4 11.4 21.2
1993 28.4 14.1 10.3 19.3
1994 30.3 14.8 10.2 19.2
1995 30.9 15.7 11.0 19.3
1996 32.8 17.5 12.6 19.1
With Non Labor Income
1997 22.6 9.4 5.5 13.0
1998 18.1 8.0 4.9 8.6
1999 15.8 7.0 4.6 8.7
INE
2001 22.0 9.2 5.3 6.8
2002 23.9 10.3 6.0 9.5
2003 28.5 12.9 7.8 12.0
2004 27.7 12.3 7.5 12.1
2005 27.1 13.3 8.6 8.3
2006 23.0 10.8 6.8 6.6
2007 17.6 6.7 3.6 4.3
2008 16.9 6.8 3.8 5.1
2009 14.2 4.9 2.4 3.0
2010 15.6 5.5 2.7 3.8
2011 17.4 7.2 4.2 7.5
2012 20.1 8.3 4.7 8.7
2013 17.7 6.8 3.7 6.5
2014 16.4 5.6 2.7 7.3
2015 16.6 5.8 2.9 7.7
2016 18.4 7.5 4.2 7.4
2017 17.6 6.9 3.8 4.9
2018 16.9 6.8 3.8 5.1
Mexico
1989 9.2 3.4 1.9 4.5
1992 7.5 2.0 0.8 2.5
1994 7.5 2.3 1.1 2.9
1996 18.2 7.3 4.2 10.9
1998 12.9 4.3 2.0 5.5
2000 9.0 2.9 1.4 3.8
2002 6.6 2.1 1.0 2.7
2004 6.0 2.0 1.0 2.7
2005 6.6 2.2 1.1 4.0
2006 4.2 1.2 0.6 2.4
2008 5.4 1.7 0.9 2.5
2010 4.5 1.6 0.8 1.9
2012 3.8 1.2 0.6 2.0
2014 3.7 1.1 0.5 1.4
New Methodology starting in 2016, the results are not directly comparable with previous years
2016 2.2 0.6 0.3 1.1

2018 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.7
Nicaragua
1993 36.7 18.4 12.3 23.5
1998 24.5 10.7 6.4 16.0
2001 16.9 5.7 2.8 9.7
2005 8.5 2.2 0.9 3.2
2009 7.4 2.0 0.8 4.0
2014 3.4 0.8 0.3 1.3
Panama
1989 23.7 16.3 13.7 7.6
1991 21.6 13.8 11.0 8.5
1995 16.1 10.9 9.1 4.8
1997 14.8 9.0 7.1 5.2
1998 14.9 9.8 7.9 4.3
1999 13.2 8.3 6.8 3.5
2000 12.4 6.6 4.8 5.6
2001 15.5 8.0 5.5 6.3
2002 11.2 4.5 2.6 4.1
2003 11.1 4.6 2.7 4.3
2004 10.1 3.9 2.2 3.4
2005 9.9 3.8 2.1 3.8
2006 10.5 4.5 2.6 3.4
2007 7.8 2.7 1.4 2.5
2008 7.5 2.5 1.2 1.8
With Implicit Rent
2008 5.2 1.4 0.5 0.7
2009 3.2 0.8 0.3 0.8
2010 4.5 1.3 0.5 1.1
2011 3.0 0.9 0.4 0.7
2012 4.1 1.3 0.6 0.8
2013 2.8 0.8 0.3 0.5
2014 3.5 1.1 0.5 0.8
2015 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.6
2016 2.2 0.5 0.2 0.5
2017 2.5 0.9 0.5 1.0
2018 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.4
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.0
1995 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6
National
1995 11.9 5.0 3.0 3.1
1997 10.4 4.4 2.5 2.8
1999 9.9 3.9 2.2 2.7
2001 8.6 3.1 1.6 2.3
2002 12.8 4.7 2.4 5.4
2003 7.8 2.6 1.2 3.7
2004 5.4 1.6 0.8 3.1
2005 5.8 1.9 0.9 2.7
2006 7.6 2.3 1.0 3.4
2007 7.4 2.3 1.0 2.8
2008 3.9 1.2 0.5 1.1
2009 5.4 1.5 0.6 2.1
2010 5.2 1.6 0.7 1.3
2011 4.6 1.5 0.7 1.7
2012 3.2 0.8 0.3 0.6
2013 1.7 0.6 0.3 0.8
2014 2.2 0.6 0.2 0.9
2015 1.7 0.4 0.1 0.5
2016 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.4
2017 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3
2018 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.5
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 17.4 7.0 3.9 4.3
1998 16.4 6.6 3.7 4.8
1999 17.0 6.8 3.8 4.7
2000 16.4 6.1 3.2 2.9
ENAHO 2
2001 17.4 6.4 3.3 6.2
2002 15.2 5.6 2.9 3.9
2003 13.1 4.3 2.0 4.4
ENAHO 3
2003 12.0 3.8 1.7 4.4
2004 13.6 4.5 2.1 3.5
2005 15.5 5.4 2.6 4.7
2006 13.5 4.6 2.2 3.7
2007 11.1 3.7 1.8 2.6
2008 9.1 2.8 1.3 2.4
2009 7.1 2.2 1.0 1.9
2010 5.5 1.6 0.7 1.4
2011 5.2 1.4 0.6 1.4
2012 4.8 1.4 0.6 1.0
2013 4.4 1.2 0.5 1.0
2014 3.7 1.0 0.4 0.9
2015 3.6 1.0 0.4 0.8
2016 3.5 0.9 0.4 0.8
2017 3.4 0.9 0.4 0.7
2018 2.7 0.7 0.3 0.7
Uruguay
Urban
1989 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.6
1992 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5
1995 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4
1996 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5
1997 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5
1998 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6
2000 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.5
2001 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4
2002 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.5
2003 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.7
2004 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.8
2005 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.7
2006 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.8
National
2006 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.5
2007 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3
2008 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
2009 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
2010 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1
2011 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2012 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
2013 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
2014 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2015 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2016 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2017 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2018 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
Urban Rural
Poverty gap Headcount Poverty gap
FGT(1) FGT(2) FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2)
3.2 1.8
2.7 1.6
2.2 1.2
1.9 1.0
1.7 0.9
1.7 0.9
1.6 0.9
1.5 1.0
1.3 0.8
1.3 0.8
1.3 0.8
1.4 0.8
1.3 0.8
1.1 0.7
1.1 0.6
0.5 0.3
0.4 0.3
0.5 0.3
0.4 0.3
0.4 0.2
0.4 0.3
0.5 0.3
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.5 0.3
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.4 0.3
4.8 2.6
4.2 2.5
2.6 1.5
2.6 1.5 44.6 26.2 18.4

2.8 1.9 59.8 37.9 28.5
4.3 2.9 62.6 41.5 32.1
3.0 1.9 49.9 28.4 19.8
2.7 1.4 52.3 31.8 23.4
1.5 0.9 46.0 24.9 16.7
1.1 0.7 40.6 20.8 13.6
0.6 0.4 32.7 16.4 10.5
1.0 0.5 25.8 12.6 8.0
0.9 0.6 25.9 12.9 7.8
0.4 0.2 19.3 8.4 4.9
0.5 0.3 22.0 11.0 7.0
0.3 0.2 19.4 8.9 5.3
0.4 0.3 15.9 7.2 4.1
0.3 0.2 17.9 8.1 5.1
0.8 0.5 18.8 7.8 4.5
0.4 0.3 16.2 6.9 3.8
0.3 0.2 13.3 4.9 2.7
6.2 3.6 41.3 19.6 12.2

5.9 3.5 40.4 18.6 11.3
2.9 1.6 28.2 11.4 6.5
3.0 1.6 29.3 12.4 7.2
2.9 1.6 29.6 12.3 7.1
2.6 1.4 25.9 10.1 5.4
2.8 1.6 26.0 9.7 5.1
3.4 2.0 26.9 10.9 6.2
2.9 1.6 23.7 9.1 5.0
3.2 1.8 24.5 9.9 5.6
2.7 1.5 21.0 8.0 4.4
2.7 1.5 20.9 7.8 4.2

2.3 1.3 19.4 7.2 3.8
1.8 1.0 17.9 6.8 3.7
2.0 1.2 15.9 6.6 3.9
1.5 0.9 13.8 5.4 3.1
1.5 0.9 12.9 5.1 2.8
1.4 0.8 12.6 5.0 2.8
1.1 0.7 9.9 3.6 1.8
1.2 0.8 9.5 3.5 1.8
0.7 0.4 7.9 2.5 1.2
0.9 0.5 8.8 2.8 1.3
0.8 0.4 11.2 4.0 2.0

0.6 0.4 8.6 2.7 1.3
0.6 0.3 7.4 2.2 1.0
0.7 0.4 8.6 2.8 1.3
1.1 0.6 10.2 3.3 1.6
1.2 0.7 12.5 4.4 2.1
1.2 0.7 12.6 4.4 2.1
3.8 2.2 15.0 4.5 2.3

2.4 1.3 11.9 4.2 2.4
1.4 0.8 6.9 2.1 1.1
1.7 1.1 7.8 2.5 1.3
1.1 0.6 6.6 2.1 1.1
1.3 0.8 5.5 1.6 0.8
s of previous years
1.9 1.3 9.0 3.2 1.7

2.1 1.6 7.2 2.5 1.4
0.5 0.3 2.3 0.7 0.3
0.5 0.3 1.9 0.6 0.3
0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
8.0 5.8 33.2 17.0 11.9

2.9 1.6 28.0 9.9 5.1
3.9 2.8 21.3 9.2 5.8
3.6 2.6 22.1 8.5 5.1
3.4 2.6 22.1 9.1 5.6
2.9 1.8 22.5 9.3 5.5

2.3 1.4 18.6 7.1 4.0
2.0 1.1 16.3 6.0 3.2
1.6 0.9 13.7 4.9 2.7
1.5 0.9 14.2 5.2 2.8
1.5 0.9 12.6 4.7 2.6
1.3 0.8 11.8 4.3 2.4
1.2 0.8 10.8 3.9 2.1
1.3 0.9 9.9 3.6 2.0
1.2 0.8 8.6 3.0 1.6
1.2 0.8 9.1 3.3 1.9
4.7 3.9 12.8 6.6 4.8

4.1 3.4 13.3 6.4 4.5
4.3 3.4 15.0 6.9 4.8
3.0 2.4 12.8 6.3 4.5
2.9 2.5 10.8 5.9 4.4
2.4 2.2 9.2 4.4 3.1
2.1 1.8 9.8 5.1 3.6
2.5 2.1 11.1 5.6 3.9
2.0 1.5 8.6 3.9 2.8
1.3 1.0 7.0 3.2 2.3
1.9 1.4 8.7 4.0 2.8
2.2 1.8 8.8 4.1 2.9
2.6 2.2 11.5 5.5 4.0
1.1 0.8 8.0 3.6 2.3

1.1 0.8 8.1 3.6 2.4
0.9 0.6 8.0 3.4 2.1
0.8 0.5 7.6 3.2 1.9
0.7 0.4 4.8 1.7 1.0
0.7 0.5 5.1 2.0 1.2
0.4 0.2 3.0 1.1 0.6
0.6 0.4 3.3 1.3 0.8
0.7 0.5 3.9 1.7 1.1
0.8 0.5 4.8 2.2 1.4

0.4 0.3 2.8 1.1 0.6
0.4 0.3 2.7 1.0 0.6
0.5 0.3 2.4 0.8 0.5
0.3 0.2 2.6 1.0 0.5
0.4 0.3 2.8 1.1 0.6
0.4 0.3 3.0 1.1 0.7
0.4 0.3 2.1 0.7 0.4
0.3 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.2
0.5 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.4
1.2 0.7 9.1 2.8 1.3

0.8 0.3 6.0 1.7 0.8
1.4 0.9 9.2 2.9 1.4
1.8 1.0 8.8 3.0 1.4
2.1 1.0 11.9 3.8 1.7
1.3 0.6 8.2 2.4 1.1

1.0 0.4 6.6 1.8 0.8
1.2 0.6 5.9 1.4 0.6
0.8 0.3 6.0 1.5 0.6
0.6 0.2 4.7 1.3 0.5
0.5 0.2 3.7 0.9 0.3
0.7 0.3 4.3 1.0 0.4
0.7 0.3 3.0 0.7 0.3
0.4 0.2 3.6 0.8 0.3
0.4 0.2 3.4 0.9 0.4
0.4 0.2 2.6 0.7 0.3
0.5 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.1
0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.2

0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2
3.4 1.9 24.6 9.9 5.6

3.8 2.5 26.7 11.1 6.5
2.3 1.2 22.6 9.0 5.1
1.2 0.7 16.6 5.9 3.0
1.1 0.6 18.2 7.1 4.0
1.2 0.7 15.8 6.2 3.5
1.4 0.8 13.6 4.7 2.4
1.1 0.6 10.5 3.5 1.8
0.9 0.5 9.7 3.5 2.0
0.6 0.4 9.3 3.2 1.6
0.6 0.3 6.6 2.0 1.0
0.5 0.3 5.3 1.5 0.7
0.7 0.5 6.9 2.3 1.1
0.8 0.5 7.2 2.3 1.0
0.5 0.3 7.4 2.2 1.0
0.6 0.4 6.6 1.9 0.8
1.6 0.9 24.1 10.2 6.0

2.5 1.7 25.1 11.1 6.6
2.6 1.6 25.9 11.6 7.1
3.2 2.2 27.2 14.4 10.2
2.6 1.7 18.9 8.3 5.1
2.1 1.3 18.4 7.1 4.0
1.0 0.5 12.7 3.6 1.5
0.4 0.1 9.8 2.5 1.0
0.8 0.3 14.0 3.7 1.4
0.6 0.2 13.7 3.8 1.5
0.6 0.3 10.9 2.8 1.1
0.3 0.1 9.6 2.4 0.9
0.3 0.1 8.8 2.1 0.8
0.3 0.1 6.6 1.5 0.5
0.3 0.1 6.2 1.3 0.5
0.1 0.0 3.9 0.9 0.3
0.2 0.1 4.7 1.0 0.3
0.1 0.0 3.9 0.9 0.3
0.1 0.0 3.0 0.7 0.3
1.4 0.8 12.6 4.5 2.4

1.3 0.6 17.9 6.1 3.0
1.9 1.0 15.7 5.1 2.5
1.2 0.6 13.4 3.9 1.7
3.6 2.6 25.5 12.5 8.1

2.2 1.7 24.0 9.2 5.1
3.5 2.2 19.4 7.6 4.5
14.0 10.3 45.4 21.8 14.3

11.1 8.4 43.5 20.9 13.9
10.6 8.3 36.3 17.2 11.9
9.4 6.8 39.4 19.1 12.9
9.8 7.4 40.9 20.9 14.0
10.5 8.2 45.7 24.2 16.7
5.4 3.3 32.0 13.4 7.6

3.9 2.6 27.7 12.1 7.2
3.6 2.4 23.5 10.8 7.0
2.5 1.4 35.7 15.2 8.7

3.7 2.1 36.5 16.1 9.5
5.1 3.2 42.1 19.4 11.6
4.8 2.9 41.1 18.7 11.3
3.3 1.9 43.5 22.0 14.4
2.4 1.3 37.2 18.2 11.6
1.5 0.8 28.6 11.0 5.9
2.0 1.2 26.7 10.8 6.0
0.9 0.4 23.7 8.3 4.1
1.2 0.6 25.6 9.1 4.6
3.0 1.7 25.6 10.6 6.1
3.3 1.8 29.7 12.4 7.1
2.2 1.0 27.4 10.9 6.0
2.6 1.4 26.8 9.0 4.4
2.5 1.2 26.9 9.7 4.9
2.7 1.4 31.2 13.2 7.5
1.7 0.9 32.7 13.2 7.1
2.0 1.2 31.0 12.5 6.9
1.9 1.2 16.8 5.8 3.0

0.7 0.3 20.7 5.6 2.3
0.9 0.4 19.9 6.1 2.8
4.1 2.4 37.8 16.0 9.2
1.6 0.8 33.3 11.8 5.6
1.1 0.5 24.8 8.2 4.0
0.8 0.4 19.0 5.9 2.8
0.8 0.4 16.8 5.8 2.8
1.3 0.7 15.2 5.1 2.5
0.7 0.4 10.0 2.9 1.3
0.8 0.5 15.2 4.7 2.3
0.7 0.4 13.5 4.4 2.1
0.6 0.3 10.0 3.1 1.5
0.4 0.2 11.7 3.4 1.5
0.4 0.2 5.6 1.5 0.7
0.2 0.1 4.8 1.3 0.5
10.6 6.8 53.8 28.4 19.5

5.8 3.2 34.6 16.3 10.1
3.2 1.6 27.1 9.2 4.5
0.8 0.3 15.1 4.1 1.7
0.9 0.4 11.9 3.4 1.4
0.3 0.1 6.3 1.4 0.5
3.3 2.2 42.5 31.4 27.1

4.5 3.4 37.2 24.8 20.2
2.5 1.8 32.3 23.0 19.6
2.4 1.6 28.8 18.6 14.9
2.2 1.7 30.4 20.7 17.0
1.6 1.1 27.6 18.4 15.4
3.2 2.5 22.8 11.9 8.4
3.5 2.7 30.7 15.4 10.1
2.0 1.3 22.7 8.7 4.6
2.0 1.4 22.5 8.9 4.9
1.6 1.1 21.5 7.9 4.1
1.8 1.3 20.7 7.3 3.6
1.5 1.1 22.9 9.8 5.4
0.9 0.5 17.1 5.9 2.8
0.7 0.5 17.8 5.7 2.5
0.2 0.1 13.3 3.5 1.3

0.3 0.1 7.5 1.9 0.7
0.4 0.2 10.6 2.9 1.1
0.3 0.2 7.5 2.0 0.8
0.3 0.2 10.7 3.4 1.5
0.2 0.2 7.3 1.9 0.7
0.4 0.2 8.9 2.6 1.1
0.2 0.1 4.8 1.2 0.4
0.2 0.1 5.8 1.2 0.4
0.6 0.5 5.8 1.7 0.7
0.2 0.1 4.7 1.2 0.5
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
1.2 0.8 20.9 9.0 5.2

1.1 0.6 19.0 8.1 4.7
1.1 0.7 18.2 7.2 3.9
0.9 0.5 15.9 5.7 3.0
1.7 0.7 21.6 8.4 4.4
1.2 0.6 12.8 4.3 2.0
1.0 0.5 8.2 2.4 1.1
0.8 0.3 9.8 3.4 1.6
0.9 0.4 13.1 4.1 1.9
0.9 0.4 13.5 4.1 1.9
0.3 0.1 7.7 2.4 1.1
0.6 0.3 10.0 2.9 1.2
0.4 0.2 10.7 3.3 1.5
0.4 0.2 8.7 3.0 1.6
0.2 0.1 6.9 1.9 0.7
0.3 0.2 3.0 1.0 0.5
0.2 0.1 4.2 1.1 0.5
0.2 0.1 3.6 0.7 0.2
0.1 0.0 3.3 0.6 0.2
0.1 0.0 2.2 0.4 0.1
0.1 0.0 2.9 0.7 0.2
1.3 0.7 41.4 17.3 9.6

1.6 0.8 37.8 15.9 9.0
1.5 0.8 40.3 16.9 9.4
1.0 0.5 41.5 15.7 8.3
2.0 1.0 41.0 15.8 8.2
1.3 0.7 40.2 15.2 7.8
1.6 0.8 33.3 10.6 4.7
1.4 0.7 29.4 9.2 4.1

1.1 0.5 37.3 12.7 6.0
1.5 0.7 41.6 14.9 7.3
1.1 0.5 37.8 13.4 6.5
0.8 0.4 33.1 11.1 5.2
0.6 0.3 26.9 8.6 3.9
0.6 0.3 21.1 6.4 2.8
0.4 0.2 17.1 4.8 1.9
0.4 0.2 16.4 4.3 1.7
0.3 0.2 16.3 4.6 1.9
0.3 0.1 14.7 3.9 1.5
0.3 0.1 12.8 3.3 1.3
0.3 0.1 12.8 3.4 1.3
0.2 0.1 12.8 3.2 1.2
0.2 0.1 12.7 3.4 1.3
0.2 0.1 9.7 2.4 0.9
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.0
0.2 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Poverty
FGT measures
National Urban
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 18.0 7.2 4.1 18.0
2004-I 15.7 6.2 3.5 15.7
2004-II 14.4 5.4 2.9 14.4
2005-I 13.0 4.9 2.6 13.0
2005-II 11.6 4.3 2.3 11.6
2006-I 10.7 4.1 2.2 10.7
2006-II 9.6 3.7 2.1 9.6
2007-I 8.6 3.4 1.9 8.6
2007-II 8.0 3.1 1.7 8.0
2008-I 8.4 3.1 1.7 8.4
2008-II 7.9 3.0 1.7 7.9
2009-I 7.6 3.0 1.7 7.6
2009-II 7.1 2.7 1.6 7.1
2010-I 7.1 2.7 1.5 7.1
2010-II 6.6 2.5 1.4 6.6
2011-I 4.0 1.4 0.7 4.0
2011-II 3.3 1.1 0.6 3.3
2012-I 3.4 1.2 0.7 3.4
2012-II 3.5 1.2 0.6 3.5
2013-I 2.9 1.0 0.5 2.9
2013-II 3.2 1.0 0.5 3.2
2014-I 3.5 1.2 0.6 3.5
2014-II 3.6 1.1 0.5 3.6
2015-I 3.0 1.0 0.5 3.0
2016-II 3.6 1.1 0.6 3.6
2017-I 4.3 1.4 0.7 4.3
2017-II 3.2 1.0 0.5 3.2
2018-I 3.1 1.0 0.5 3.1
2018-II 4.0 1.3 0.7 4.0
Bolivia
Urban
1992 37.1 13.5 6.9 37.1
1993 27.6 10.4 5.7 27.6
1997 19.4 6.9 3.6 19.4
National
1997 31.9 16.3 11.1 19.4
1999 38.1 22.0 16.3 18.2
2000 41.3 24.8 18.6 22.2
2001 36.1 19.4 13.4 19.5
2002 38.2 20.7 14.6 20.3
2005 32.0 16.3 11.0 15.2
2006 28.5 13.8 9.0 11.1
2007 26.3 11.2 6.9 13.0
2008 20.0 9.2 5.8 8.7
2009 18.3 8.7 5.6 7.1
2011 13.9 6.0 3.6 4.8
2012 14.6 6.9 4.4 4.9
2013 12.2 5.7 3.6 3.4
2014 12.1 5.1 3.0 3.4
2015 11.6 5.2 3.3 3.6
2016 12.5 5.7 3.5 4.7
2017 11.6 4.9 2.9 3.7
2018 10.5 4.1 2.2 2.8
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 36.7 17.2 10.7 29.7
1993 35.8 16.5 10.2 29.4
1995 24.1 10.1 5.8 17.6
1996 23.8 10.3 6.0 17.3
1997 24.0 10.2 6.0 17.4
1998 22.2 9.1 5.1 16.1
1999 23.3 9.6 5.4 17.4
2001 23.3 9.8 5.7 18.9
2002 22.3 8.9 5.0 18.1
2003 23.3 9.5 5.4 19.3
2004 21.0 8.2 4.6 17.4
With Rural North
2004 21.4 8.4 4.6 17.4
2005 19.6 7.5 4.1 15.6
2006 17.0 6.3 3.5 13.2
2007 15.6 6.1 3.5 12.1
2008 13.4 5.0 2.8 10.2
2009 12.4 4.8 2.7 9.6
2011 10.2 4.1 2.4 7.6
2012 8.6 3.3 1.9 6.4
2013 8.2 3.3 1.9 6.2
2014 6.8 2.4 1.3 4.9
2015 7.9 2.9 1.5 5.9
New PNADC
2012 8.9 3.2 1.7 6.5
2013 7.7 2.7 1.4 5.6
2014 6.8 2.3 1.2 4.9
2015 7.5 2.7 1.4 5.4
2016 8.8 3.4 1.8 6.6
2017 9.1 3.7 2.1 6.9
2018 9.1 3.7 2.1 6.9
Chile
1987 28.4 10.5 5.5 25.4
1990 22.2 7.6 3.9 20.5
1992 16.3 5.0 2.4 14.9
1994 15.2 5.0 2.6 13.5
1996 12.2 3.7 1.8 10.3
1998 11.1 3.6 1.8 9.8
2000 12.7 4.6 2.6 11.0

2003 11.6 4.5 2.7 10.5
2006 5.4 1.6 0.8 4.8
2009 4.0 1.3 0.7 3.7
2011 2.6 0.8 0.4 2.5
2013 1.3 0.4 0.2 1.2
2015 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.0
2017 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 37.7 17.9 11.9 31.5
2002 28.3 11.2 6.1 20.3
2003 25.0 10.4 6.3 20.0
2004 25.3 10.1 6.0 19.2
2005 21.9 9.1 5.6 15.6
GEIH-National
2008 22.7 9.3 5.4 16.3
2009 20.8 8.1 4.5 14.9
2010 18.7 7.1 3.9 13.3
2011 16.6 6.0 3.2 11.4
2012 15.7 5.8 3.2 10.6
2013 14.4 5.4 2.9 9.9
2014 13.4 4.9 2.7 8.7
2015 12.1 4.4 2.4 7.9
2016 12.0 4.4 2.4 8.1
2017 11.1 3.9 2.1 7.6
2018 11.1 4.0 2.2 7.7
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 20.4 9.6 6.6 12.7
1990 19.7 9.1 6.2 11.5
1991 23.7 10.7 6.9 15.5
1992 20.5 8.8 5.7 13.9
1993 16.4 7.7 5.3 9.2
1994 13.9 6.2 4.2 7.7
1995 14.5 6.6 4.4 7.6
1996 17.0 7.5 5.0 8.8
1997 14.1 5.9 3.7 8.3
1998 11.4 4.6 2.9 5.8
1999 13.4 5.8 3.7 8.3
2000 13.9 6.1 3.9 8.0
2001 14.5 6.6 4.5 8.9
With Implicit Rent
2001 10.9 4.5 2.7 5.6
2002 10.0 4.2 2.6 4.9
2003 9.8 4.0 2.4 5.4
2004 9.3 3.8 2.2 5.3
2005 8.0 2.9 1.5 4.5
2006 7.8 2.9 1.6 5.1
2007 5.4 1.8 0.9 3.0
2008 5.3 2.0 1.2 3.3
2009 5.7 2.2 1.3 3.5
ENAHO
2010 6.6 2.6 1.6 3.8
2010 4.2 1.5 0.9 2.1
2011 4.4 1.6 0.9 2.9
2012 4.3 1.5 0.8 2.6
2013 4.2 1.5 0.8 2.5
2014 4.0 1.4 0.8 2.6
2015 4.1 1.5 0.8 2.9
2016 3.8 1.3 0.7 2.8
2017 2.9 1.0 0.5 2.4
2018 3.7 1.4 0.8 3.0
Dominican Rep.
2000 12.9 4.7 2.5 8.1
2001 12.3 3.8 1.7 8.7
2002 14.0 5.1 2.7 9.6
2003 17.1 6.1 3.1 14.2
2004 22.5 7.9 3.9 18.5
ENFT 3
2005 16.4 5.4 2.5 14.2
2006 13.8 4.4 2.0 11.1
2007 13.3 4.2 2.0 12.0
ENFT 4
2008 13.7 3.9 1.7 11.5
2009 12.3 3.4 1.5 10.4
2010 12.0 3.1 1.2 10.8
2011 10.4 3.1 1.3 9.3
2012 11.1 3.1 1.3 10.1
2013 10.1 2.6 1.0 9.2
2014 7.8 2.3 1.0 6.9
2015 6.4 1.9 0.8 5.5
2016 5.9 1.7 0.8 5.5
2017 3.8 1.0 0.5 3.8

2018 2.6 0.6 0.3 2.6
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 30.2 12.5 7.1 21.5
2004 31.9 13.1 7.7 23.4
2005 25.4 10.3 5.8 16.4
2006 19.8 7.2 3.8 11.8
2007 19.2 7.4 4.1 10.6
2008 18.2 6.7 3.7 10.3
2009 17.2 6.3 3.4 10.9
2010 14.8 5.1 2.6 9.1
2011 12.2 4.4 2.4 6.1
2012 11.5 4.1 2.1 5.7
2013 10.1 3.2 1.5 6.3
2014 8.6 2.6 1.3 5.7
2015 9.4 3.3 1.7 5.9
2016 9.4 3.3 1.7 5.8
2017 8.7 2.9 1.5 4.4
2018 9.7 3.1 1.5 5.7
El Salvador
2000 24.3 10.5 6.3 11.0
2001 26.0 11.6 7.1 13.5
2002 26.2 11.8 7.3 13.7
2003 27.2 13.1 8.8 14.9
2004 22.9 9.7 5.9 13.5
2005 23.1 9.2 5.2 14.3
2006 19.2 6.4 3.1 11.0
2007 15.3 4.6 2.0 7.3
2008 19.8 6.4 3.0 11.9
2009 19.4 6.2 2.9 10.6
2010 18.3 5.6 2.5 10.3
2011 16.7 4.9 2.1 9.4
2012 14.7 4.2 1.8 7.8
2013 12.7 3.5 1.5 6.8
2014 12.4 3.4 1.4 6.4
2015 10.2 2.5 0.9 5.3
2016 10.7 2.8 1.1 5.0
2017 8.7 2.2 0.9 4.4
2018 8.0 2.0 0.8 4.6
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 22.4 8.3 4.4 10.0
2006 24.3 9.5 5.1 10.2
2011 26.9 9.8 5.0 14.8
2014 24.4 8.3 4.0 12.9
ENEI
2002 31.9 15.7 10.3 13.6
2003 28.3 12.9 7.8 12.0
2004 29.7 12.3 7.2 18.7
Honduras
DGEC
1991 59.9 30.9 20.8 48.4
1992 55.7 28.0 18.7 41.7
1993 49.3 24.5 16.4 35.8
1994 48.9 25.0 16.8 37.6
1995 51.0 26.0 17.7 38.0
1996 51.3 27.9 19.5 36.6
1997 40.7 18.5 11.2 26.9
1998 34.0 15.5 9.5 21.1
1999 31.3 13.8 8.5 19.5
INE
2001 35.9 17.4 10.7 14.7
2002 40.8 19.4 12.0 21.8
2003 45.6 22.9 14.7 24.9
2004 44.6 22.2 14.2 24.4
2005 42.0 22.0 14.7 19.4
2006 37.3 18.7 12.2 15.9
2007 32.6 14.3 8.3 11.9
2008 30.9 13.8 8.2 12.9
2009 27.8 11.5 6.3 8.8
2010 29.9 12.5 7.0 11.1
2011 32.3 14.5 8.7 16.4
2012 36.8 16.5 9.9 20.4
2013 33.5 14.6 8.4 16.3
2014 32.9 13.5 7.3 18.3
2015 32.9 13.6 7.5 18.3
2016 33.3 15.0 9.0 17.0
2017 32.1 14.3 8.4 14.0
2018 30.6 13.7 8.2 13.1
Mexico
1989 24.0 8.4 4.5 15.8
1992 20.5 6.8 3.2 11.9
1994 20.3 6.9 3.4 11.9
1996 36.4 15.3 9.0 26.3
1998 27.6 10.8 5.7 16.6
2000 21.0 7.7 4.0 11.1
2002 18.8 6.3 3.0 10.8
2004 15.8 5.4 2.8 10.0
2005 16.0 5.7 3.0 10.9
2006 13.0 4.0 1.9 8.7
2008 14.4 4.9 2.5 8.6
2010 12.6 4.3 2.2 7.8
2012 12.1 3.7 1.8 8.0
2014 11.8 3.7 1.7 7.0
2016 7.8 2.2 1.0 4.7

2018 6.5 1.8 0.8 3.6
Nicaragua
1993 57.1 30.3 20.5 43.1
1998 46.2 20.9 12.7 35.7
2001 38.2 14.4 7.6 28.4
2005 27.4 8.5 3.8 15.2
2009 23.0 7.2 3.3 14.3
2014 13.1 3.5 1.5 6.3
Panama
1989 34.3 21.4 17.2 16.3
1991 31.1 18.8 14.6 15.5
1995 24.5 14.7 11.6 10.5
1997 23.1 13.1 9.8 10.8
1998 23.4 13.5 10.4 10.1
1999 21.0 11.8 9.0 7.9
2000 20.1 10.5 7.3 9.9
2001 24.9 12.9 8.8 12.3
2002 21.6 9.4 5.5 10.3
2003 20.5 9.3 5.6 9.2
2004 19.6 8.4 4.9 8.7
2005 18.6 8.0 4.7 8.5
2006 19.0 8.8 5.3 7.9
2007 16.5 6.6 3.6 6.1
2008 14.7 6.1 3.3 4.7
With Implicit Rent
2008 11.8 4.3 2.1 2.8
2009 9.5 3.0 1.4 2.9
2010 10.7 3.8 1.9 2.7
2011 8.6 2.9 1.4 2.5
2012 10.0 3.6 1.8 2.7
2013 8.1 2.7 1.2 1.7
2014 8.3 3.1 1.6 2.0
2015 6.7 2.1 0.9 1.9
2016 7.0 2.1 0.9 1.5
2017 6.3 2.2 1.2 1.8
2018 5.2 1.7 0.8 1.2
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 4.2 1.2 0.5 4.2
1995 2.4 0.7 0.4 2.4
National
1995 22.7 10.1 6.1 7.3
1997 19.2 8.5 5.2 7.9
1999 19.3 8.2 4.8 7.0
2001 17.6 7.2 4.0 5.9
2002 25.9 10.6 5.9 13.1
2003 18.7 6.9 3.6 9.9
2004 16.2 5.2 2.5 9.5
2005 13.8 5.1 2.6 8.4
2006 18.7 6.8 3.3 10.1
2007 16.0 6.1 3.2 7.8
2008 13.3 4.0 1.8 5.9
2009 13.4 4.6 2.2 5.0
2010 12.7 4.6 2.3 4.6
2011 12.3 4.4 2.2 5.3
2012 9.1 2.9 1.3 2.8
2013 6.3 1.9 0.9 2.7
2014 6.8 2.1 0.9 2.5
2015 6.6 1.9 0.8 2.2
2016 6.7 1.8 0.7 2.3
2017 5.2 1.3 0.5 2.2
2018 5.8 1.6 0.7 2.4
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 32.3 14.3 8.4 13.7
1998 31.1 13.7 8.1 14.8
1999 31.8 13.9 8.2 13.4
2000 30.9 13.3 7.6 11.2
ENAHO 2
2001 33.1 14.1 8.0 16.6
2002 29.7 12.4 7.0 12.9
2003 28.7 11.1 5.8 13.1
ENAHO 3
2003 28.0 10.5 5.3 13.5
2004 28.6 11.4 6.1 12.4
2005 30.9 12.7 6.9 15.3
2006 27.0 10.9 6.0 11.4
2007 23.2 9.2 4.9 8.5
2008 19.6 7.5 3.9 6.9
2009 17.3 6.3 3.1 6.3
2010 14.9 5.0 2.4 5.1
2011 13.4 4.6 2.2 4.2
2012 12.3 4.3 2.1 3.9
2013 11.5 3.9 1.8 3.6
2014 10.7 3.5 1.6 3.5
2015 10.4 3.5 1.6 3.1
2016 10.1 3.3 1.5 3.2
2017 9.9 3.2 1.5 2.9
2018 8.5 2.6 1.2 2.8
Uruguay
Urban
1989 2.8 0.7 0.3 2.8
1992 2.3 0.6 0.2 2.3
1995 2.1 0.5 0.2 2.1
1996 2.3 0.6 0.3 2.3
1997 2.1 0.5 0.2 2.1
1998 2.1 0.6 0.3 2.1
2000 2.1 0.6 0.2 2.1
2001 2.5 0.6 0.2 2.5
2002 3.3 0.7 0.3 3.3
2003 4.4 1.0 0.4 4.4
2004 5.8 1.3 0.4 5.8
2005 4.7 1.1 0.4 4.7
2006 4.1 1.0 0.4 4.1
National
2006 3.7 0.8 0.3 3.6
2007 3.0 0.6 0.2 3.0
2008 1.8 0.4 0.1 1.9
2009 1.8 0.4 0.1 1.8
2010 1.3 0.3 0.1 1.3
2011 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.0
2012 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.1
2013 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.9
2014 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.6
2015 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.6
2016 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.6
2017 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4
2018 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4
Urban Rural
7.2 4.1
6.2 3.5
5.4 2.9
4.9 2.6
4.3 2.3
4.1 2.2
3.7 2.1
3.4 1.9
3.1 1.7
3.1 1.7
3.0 1.7
3.0 1.7
2.7 1.6
2.7 1.5
2.5 1.4
1.4 0.7
1.1 0.6
1.2 0.7
1.2 0.6
1.0 0.5
1.0 0.5
1.2 0.6
1.1 0.5
1.0 0.5
1.1 0.6
1.4 0.7
1.0 0.5
1.0 0.5
1.3 0.7
13.5 6.9
10.4 5.7
6.9 3.6
6.9 3.6 59.3 36.9 27.4

6.4 3.6 73.9 50.1 39.1
9.2 5.4 76.3 53.3 42.6
7.2 4.0 64.9 40.6 29.9
7.3 3.8 69.3 44.0 33.3
4.7 2.3 61.8 37.0 26.5
3.5 1.7 60.7 33.0 22.6
3.2 1.3 52.8 26.9 18.0
2.8 1.4 41.5 21.4 14.1
2.3 1.2 40.1 21.2 14.1
1.4 0.6 32.5 15.5 9.7
1.5 0.7 34.4 17.9 12.1
1.0 0.5 30.5 15.5 10.0
1.1 0.6 30.8 13.9 8.4
1.1 0.5 29.1 14.3 9.3
1.7 1.0 30.1 14.6 9.1
1.1 0.6 29.3 13.3 8.1
0.8 0.4 28.2 11.5 6.4
12.8 7.6 62.0 33.1 21.9

12.5 7.3 59.6 31.8 20.9
6.8 3.7 48.8 22.7 13.7
6.9 3.8 49.3 23.6 14.6
6.8 3.8 49.8 23.8 14.6
6.2 3.4 46.5 21.0 12.3
6.7 3.7 47.0 20.8 12.0
7.6 4.3 46.9 21.8 13.1
6.9 3.8 44.8 19.6 11.4
7.5 4.2 44.9 20.1 12.0
6.5 3.6 41.0 17.5 10.0
6.5 3.6 40.9 17.3 9.8

5.7 3.0 38.3 16.2 9.1
4.6 2.4 35.0 14.7 8.4
4.5 2.5 32.4 13.6 8.1
3.6 2.0 29.4 11.9 6.8
3.6 2.0 26.5 10.9 6.3
2.9 1.7 24.5 10.6 6.2
2.4 1.4 21.1 8.5 4.6
2.5 1.5 19.8 8.1 4.5
1.7 0.9 18.0 6.7 3.4
2.1 1.1 19.2 7.4 3.8
2.2 1.1 22.5 9.3 5.1

1.8 0.9 19.5 7.4 3.8
1.6 0.8 18.3 6.5 3.2
1.9 1.0 19.5 7.4 3.8
2.5 1.4 21.6 8.5 4.5
2.7 1.5 22.4 9.7 5.5
2.6 1.5 22.5 9.8 5.5
9.6 5.2 40.7 14.1 6.9

6.9 3.4 29.7 10.8 5.8
4.6 2.2 23.9 7.2 3.3
4.5 2.4 23.7 7.7 3.8
3.1 1.5 22.7 7.0 3.3
3.2 1.7 19.3 5.8 2.6
s of previous years
4.1 2.4 23.1 8.2 4.3

4.1 2.5 19.1 6.7 3.5
1.4 0.7 8.9 2.5 1.1
1.2 0.7 6.2 1.9 0.9
0.7 0.4 3.5 1.0 0.5
0.4 0.2 2.1 0.5 0.2
0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1
14.1 9.2 54.7 28.2 19.2

7.3 3.9 51.2 22.3 12.7
7.9 4.8 42.2 18.6 11.3
7.5 4.5 45.7 19.0 10.9
6.4 4.1 45.1 19.2 11.3
6.4 3.7 44.0 19.1 11.3

5.6 3.1 39.4 16.1 9.1
4.9 2.6 35.7 14.2 7.8
4.0 2.1 33.3 12.4 6.6
3.8 2.0 32.5 12.5 6.8
3.6 2.0 29.4 11.2 6.1
3.1 1.7 28.9 10.7 5.7
2.8 1.5 26.2 9.7 5.2
3.0 1.7 25.2 9.2 4.9
2.7 1.5 22.9 8.0 4.1
2.7 1.6 23.1 8.3 4.5
6.7 5.0 26.2 11.7 7.7

5.8 4.4 26.3 11.8 7.6
7.1 4.9 29.9 13.4 8.4
5.5 3.6 25.6 11.3 7.3
4.4 3.3 21.8 10.1 6.8
3.7 2.7 18.5 8.1 5.2
3.5 2.4 19.7 8.9 5.9
4.1 2.9 23.0 10.1 6.5
3.5 2.3 18.3 7.6 4.7
2.4 1.5 15.3 6.2 3.9
3.6 2.3 17.5 7.6 4.8
3.8 2.6 18.8 7.9 5.0
4.1 2.9 21.8 9.9 6.5
2.3 1.4 17.9 7.4 4.4

2.0 1.3 16.9 7.1 4.3
2.0 1.1 15.6 6.7 4.1
2.0 1.1 15.0 6.3 3.8
1.7 0.9 12.8 4.5 2.4
1.8 1.0 11.6 4.6 2.6
1.0 0.5 8.6 2.9 1.5
1.3 0.8 8.0 2.9 1.6
1.3 0.8 8.8 3.5 2.1
1.5 0.9 11.1 4.4 2.6

0.8 0.5 7.5 2.6 1.4
1.0 0.6 6.9 2.5 1.4
1.1 0.6 6.9 2.3 1.2
0.9 0.5 6.9 2.5 1.3
0.9 0.5 7.6 2.6 1.4
1.0 0.5 7.1 2.7 1.5
1.0 0.6 6.5 2.1 1.1
0.8 0.5 4.2 1.4 0.7
1.1 0.7 5.3 1.9 1.0
2.9 1.6 20.6 7.6 3.9

2.6 1.2 18.3 5.7 2.6
3.4 1.9 21.7 8.2 4.2
5.0 2.6 22.6 8.1 4.1
6.3 3.1 30.2 11.1 5.5
4.5 2.1 21.0 7.1 3.5

3.4 1.5 19.7 6.6 3.0
3.8 1.8 16.4 5.2 2.3
3.1 1.3 19.3 6.0 2.6
2.8 1.2 17.4 5.0 2.2
2.7 1.0 15.6 4.3 1.7
2.7 1.2 13.8 4.2 1.8
2.8 1.2 14.4 3.8 1.5
2.3 0.9 12.8 3.5 1.5
2.0 0.8 10.9 3.4 1.5
1.6 0.7 9.7 2.8 1.2
1.7 0.8 7.4 1.8 0.7
1.0 0.5 3.7 1.0 0.5

0.6 0.2 2.4 0.7 0.3
8.2 4.5 47.0 20.6 12.1

8.6 4.9 48.8 22.1 13.3
5.9 3.1 43.1 18.8 11.1
3.7 1.8 35.5 14.2 7.7
3.4 1.7 36.0 15.2 8.8
3.3 1.7 33.5 13.5 7.7
3.7 2.0 29.4 11.4 6.2
3.0 1.5 25.9 9.3 4.8
2.1 1.1 24.3 9.1 4.8
1.9 0.9 22.6 8.3 4.4
1.8 0.8 17.9 6.0 3.0
1.6 0.8 14.7 4.9 2.3
1.9 1.0 16.8 6.2 3.2
1.9 1.0 17.1 6.3 3.2
1.3 0.7 17.9 6.3 3.2
1.7 0.9 18.1 6.0 2.8
3.9 2.1 42.9 19.9 12.1

5.3 3.1 43.7 20.6 12.9
5.3 3.1 44.3 21.1 13.3
6.1 3.8 45.1 23.3 16.0
5.3 3.2 36.8 16.2 9.9
5.2 2.8 36.3 15.2 8.8
3.3 1.6 31.3 11.1 5.4
1.8 0.7 28.7 9.2 4.2
3.4 1.5 34.5 12.0 5.7
2.9 1.2 34.4 11.9 5.7
2.8 1.2 31.8 10.3 4.7
2.3 0.8 28.7 9.2 4.1
1.8 0.7 26.2 8.2 3.7
1.7 0.7 22.6 6.6 2.8
1.5 0.6 22.4 6.4 2.6
1.2 0.4 18.4 4.8 1.9
1.2 0.4 19.9 5.4 2.1
0.9 0.3 15.2 4.2 1.7
1.0 0.3 13.4 3.6 1.4
3.7 1.9 30.2 11.2 6.0

3.5 1.8 37.3 15.1 8.1
5.2 2.7 38.2 14.2 7.2
4.2 2.0 35.7 12.3 5.9
6.0 4.0 42.6 21.4 14.1

4.5 2.8 38.4 18.1 10.9
7.6 4.4 38.9 16.3 9.5
23.6 16.1 68.6 36.3 24.4

19.4 13.0 67.6 35.2 23.6
17.5 12.2 60.9 30.5 20.0
17.0 11.1 58.2 31.4 21.4
17.5 11.6 62.2 33.4 23.0
17.5 12.1 65.2 37.8 26.6
11.3 6.6 54.3 25.7 15.7

8.3 4.9 47.0 22.8 14.2
7.8 4.6 44.2 20.5 12.8
5.8 3.2 55.0 27.8 17.5

8.4 4.7 57.4 29.0 18.5
10.5 6.3 62.7 33.2 21.7
10.2 6.0 61.9 32.5 21.1
7.5 4.2 61.8 34.7 23.9
5.9 3.1 55.8 29.9 20.1
4.1 2.1 49.8 22.7 13.4
4.7 2.6 45.8 21.4 12.9
2.9 1.4 44.0 18.8 10.6
3.6 1.8 46.0 20.1 11.4
6.6 3.8 45.3 20.9 12.6
7.8 4.3 50.7 23.9 14.7
5.9 3.0 48.4 22.1 13.1
6.7 3.6 49.7 21.2 11.7
6.8 3.5 50.0 21.7 12.2
6.4 3.5 52.5 25.1 15.4
4.7 2.4 53.5 25.7 15.5
4.8 2.7 51.4 24.5 14.8
4.9 2.6 37.5 14.4 7.7

3.1 1.3 43.4 16.5 8.2
3.3 1.4 43.5 16.8 8.6
9.8 5.4 63.7 30.4 18.7
5.3 2.5 58.1 26.0 14.7
3.5 1.7 51.1 20.6 11.0
3.1 1.4 44.3 16.5 8.4
2.9 1.3 35.0 14.0 7.6
3.7 1.8 33.0 12.7 6.8
2.5 1.1 27.5 9.1 4.3
2.6 1.3 34.1 12.7 6.6
2.2 1.1 29.3 11.4 6.0
2.2 1.0 26.2 9.0 4.5
1.7 0.7 28.1 10.1 5.0
1.3 0.6 18.2 5.5 2.5
0.9 0.4 15.6 4.7 2.1
20.2 12.6 75.1 43.4 30.8

14.1 7.7 58.6 28.9 18.6
9.4 4.6 52.0 21.5 11.8
4.1 1.6 42.9 14.0 6.5
4.0 1.7 34.5 11.4 5.3
1.6 0.6 22.5 6.2 2.6
6.8 4.1 55.4 38.4 32.4

7.3 5.1 49.7 32.4 25.9
4.5 2.9 44.7 29.4 24.1
4.7 2.9 41.0 25.4 19.7
4.1 2.6 42.8 27.3 21.8
3.2 1.9 40.5 24.7 19.5
5.0 3.6 36.0 19.0 13.2
5.9 4.0 45.7 24.6 16.8
4.1 2.4 40.3 18.0 10.5
4.0 2.5 39.3 18.1 10.8
3.3 1.9 38.0 17.0 9.8
3.4 2.1 36.1 15.9 9.1
3.2 1.9 38.3 18.6 11.4
2.2 1.2 35.2 14.3 7.7
1.7 1.0 32.7 13.8 7.5
0.8 0.4 27.9 10.6 5.2

0.9 0.4 21.4 6.9 3.1
0.9 0.5 25.3 8.9 4.3
0.8 0.4 20.5 6.8 3.2
0.9 0.4 24.2 9.0 4.7
0.6 0.3 20.6 6.8 3.1
0.7 0.4 21.2 7.8 3.9
0.6 0.3 16.7 5.2 2.2
0.5 0.3 18.7 5.7 2.4
0.9 0.7 15.9 5.1 2.4
0.4 0.2 13.9 4.5 2.1
1.2 0.5
0.7 0.4
2.8 1.6 38.6 17.5 10.6

2.8 1.5 32.2 15.0 9.4
2.6 1.4 33.6 14.7 8.6
2.2 1.2 31.3 13.0 7.3
4.5 2.3 41.2 17.9 10.3
3.4 1.7 29.5 11.2 5.9
3.0 1.4 24.6 8.0 3.7
2.6 1.2 20.8 8.3 4.4
3.2 1.4 29.7 11.4 5.8
2.7 1.3 26.9 10.7 5.6
1.4 0.6 23.2 7.4 3.5
1.7 0.9 24.8 8.5 4.1
1.4 0.7 24.0 9.1 4.6
1.7 0.7 22.3 8.3 4.3
0.7 0.3 18.3 6.2 2.9
0.8 0.4 11.6 3.6 1.6
0.8 0.4 13.3 3.9 1.8
0.6 0.3 13.3 3.8 1.5
0.5 0.2 13.5 3.8 1.5
0.5 0.1 10.2 2.6 1.0
0.6 0.2 11.4 3.3 1.4
4.2 2.0 66.1 32.7 20.1

4.9 2.4 61.2 29.9 18.5
4.4 2.2 66.6 31.9 19.6
3.2 1.5 67.6 32.1 19.0
5.6 2.8 68.0 32.0 19.0
4.0 1.9 67.0 31.3 18.4
4.4 2.2 65.2 26.9 14.3
4.4 2.1 61.4 24.4 12.7

3.8 1.7 66.9 29.3 16.3
4.7 2.2 68.7 31.9 18.3
3.5 1.7 65.8 29.5 16.7
2.6 1.3 60.8 26.1 14.3
2.2 1.0 53.1 21.7 11.6
1.9 0.9 47.4 18.1 9.2
1.5 0.7 42.5 14.9 7.2
1.3 0.6 39.8 14.2 6.8
1.1 0.5 37.4 13.8 6.8
1.0 0.5 35.9 12.6 6.0
1.0 0.4 33.6 11.4 5.3
0.9 0.4 34.1 11.6 5.4
0.9 0.4 33.2 11.3 5.2
0.8 0.3 34.0 11.5 5.4
0.8 0.3 28.7 9.2 4.1
0.7 0.3
0.6 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.6 0.3
0.5 0.2
0.6 0.3
0.6 0.2
0.6 0.2
0.7 0.3
1.0 0.4
1.3 0.4
1.1 0.4
1.0 0.4
0.8 0.3 4.1 0.9 0.4
0.6 0.2 2.4 0.5 0.2
0.4 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.2
0.4 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.2
0.3 0.1 1.6 0.4 0.2
0.2 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1
0.1 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.1
0.1 0.1 1.2 0.4 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1
Poverty
FGT measures
National Urban
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 34.2 15.3 9.0 34.2
2004-I 32.4 13.7 7.9 32.4
2004-II 29.4 12.3 7.0 29.4
2005-I 27.6 11.4 6.4 27.6
2005-II 25.4 10.2 5.7 25.4
2006-I 23.7 9.5 5.3 23.7
2006-II 20.9 8.4 4.8 20.9
2007-I 19.5 7.8 4.4 19.5
2007-II 19.8 7.6 4.1 19.8
2008-I 18.1 7.3 4.1 18.1
2008-II 17.9 7.1 4.0 17.9
2009-I 17.4 6.9 3.9 17.4
2009-II 16.3 6.4 3.6 16.3
2010-I 16.5 6.4 3.6 16.5
2010-II 15.5 6.1 3.3 15.5
2011-I 12.4 4.2 2.1 12.4
2011-II 11.6 3.7 1.8 11.6
2012-I 11.5 3.8 1.8 11.5
2012-II 10.7 3.6 1.8 10.7
2013-I 11.0 3.4 1.6 11.0
2013-II 10.8 3.4 1.6 10.8
2014-I 11.8 3.8 1.8 11.8
2014-II 11.8 3.7 1.8 11.8
2015-I 11.2 3.4 1.6 11.2
2016-II 11.5 3.7 1.8 11.5
2017-I 11.7 4.1 2.1 11.7
2017-II 9.9 3.2 1.6 9.9
2018-I 10.2 3.2 1.5 10.2
2018-II 12.4 4.1 2.0 12.4
Bolivia
Urban
1992 64.9 29.9 17.3 64.9
1993 53.4 23.5 13.5 53.4
1997 42.2 17.0 9.4 42.2
National
1997 52.4 27.3 18.6 42.2
1999 54.7 32.4 23.9 36.8
2000 62.0 36.2 26.8 48.0
2001 57.3 31.1 21.7 42.7
2002 59.2 32.7 23.0 44.7
2005 51.9 27.4 18.5 37.1
2006 47.9 24.2 16.0 32.3
2007 46.3 22.1 13.8 32.9
2008 39.0 17.9 11.1 26.8
2009 34.6 15.9 10.2 22.3
2011 27.9 12.3 7.4 15.8
2012 28.0 12.9 8.2 16.6
2013 25.8 11.3 6.9 13.1
2014 24.8 10.5 6.3 13.2
2015 25.4 10.7 6.4 14.8
2016 24.9 11.1 6.8 13.8
2017 24.6 10.3 6.1 13.3
2018 22.8 9.2 5.3 11.2
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 57.0 29.9 19.7 50.5
1993 55.8 29.1 19.1 49.9
1995 41.5 19.8 12.2 33.8
1996 40.7 19.7 12.3 33.3
1997 40.7 19.6 12.2 33.1
1998 39.4 18.3 11.1 32.3
1999 41.1 19.2 11.7 34.2
2001 41.1 19.4 11.9 36.1
2002 40.3 18.5 11.0 35.2
2003 41.5 19.2 11.6 37.0
2004 39.6 17.6 10.4 35.2
With Rural North
2004 40.1 17.9 10.6 35.2
2005 37.9 16.6 9.6 32.8
2006 34.0 14.4 8.2 29.2
2007 31.9 13.6 7.9 27.2
2008 28.7 11.8 6.7 24.2
2009 27.3 11.1 6.3 23.2
2011 23.8 9.5 5.4 19.9
2012 20.7 8.0 4.4 17.0
2013 19.4 7.6 4.3 16.0
2014 17.7 6.4 3.4 14.5
2015 19.2 7.3 3.9 16.0
New PNADC
2012 20.8 8.0 4.3 17.0
2013 19.1 7.1 3.7 15.5
2014 17.4 6.3 3.3 14.1
2015 18.4 6.9 3.7 15.2
2016 20.0 7.9 4.4 16.7
2017 20.2 8.2 4.7 17.1
2018 19.8 8.1 4.7 16.6
Chile
1987 52.3 23.3 13.5 47.9
1990 45.6 18.9 10.4 42.8
1992 39.3 14.7 7.5 36.6
1994 36.5 13.8 7.2 33.1
1996 30.8 11.1 5.6 27.1
1998 28.6 10.3 5.3 25.8
2000 31.2 11.8 6.4 27.9

2003 30.6 11.4 6.2 28.3
2006 19.2 5.8 2.7 17.8
2009 15.2 4.5 2.1 14.2
2011 12.0 3.3 1.4 11.6
2013 6.6 1.7 0.7 6.1
2015 5.1 1.3 0.6 4.8
2017 3.6 0.9 0.4 3.5
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 61.4 31.7 20.9 55.5
2002 51.7 23.6 14.0 42.2
2003 49.3 21.7 13.0 42.4
2004 49.1 21.8 12.9 41.4
2005 44.1 19.1 11.5 36.3
GEIH-National
2008 42.7 19.3 11.6 34.8
2009 41.5 18.0 10.4 33.4
2010 38.7 16.3 9.2 30.8
2011 35.8 14.5 8.0 27.9
2012 34.5 13.9 7.8 26.4
2013 32.4 12.9 7.2 24.7
2014 30.3 11.9 6.6 22.7
2015 29.2 11.2 6.0 21.7
2016 29.0 11.1 6.0 22.1
2017 28.1 10.4 5.5 21.6
2018 28.2 10.5 5.6 21.8
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 41.6 18.6 11.7 29.8
1990 40.7 17.7 11.1 29.5
1991 45.3 20.7 13.0 34.3
1992 42.0 18.2 11.0 33.5
1993 35.9 15.4 9.5 24.7
1994 30.9 12.8 7.8 19.7
1995 32.2 13.5 8.2 20.5
1996 35.6 15.2 9.3 23.5
1997 33.1 13.1 7.6 21.4
1998 27.8 10.8 6.1 17.6
1999 30.6 12.5 7.4 21.3
2000 30.5 12.8 7.6 21.0
2001 30.6 13.2 8.2 21.2
With Implicit Rent
2001 23.9 9.7 5.7 14.4
2002 23.0 9.2 5.4 14.2
2003 22.4 9.0 5.2 14.1
2004 23.1 8.9 5.0 15.0
2005 21.0 7.6 4.0 14.4
2006 20.5 7.5 4.0 14.1
2007 16.3 5.5 2.7 10.5
2008 15.9 5.4 2.8 10.9
2009 15.6 5.5 3.0 11.0
ENAHO
2010 17.4 6.4 3.5 11.7
2010 13.2 4.4 2.2 8.5
2011 13.7 4.6 2.3 9.9
2012 12.7 4.3 2.2 8.7
2013 12.8 4.3 2.2 8.6
2014 12.3 4.0 2.1 9.0
2015 12.0 4.0 2.1 9.4
2016 11.0 3.8 1.9 8.3
2017 10.0 3.2 1.5 7.9
2018 11.2 3.8 2.0 9.4
Dominican Rep.
2000 30.2 11.7 6.4 21.8
2001 30.1 11.1 5.6 22.9
2002 30.6 12.3 6.8 23.2
2003 38.5 15.3 8.3 32.6
2004 45.8 19.1 10.5 40.2
ENFT 3
2005 36.8 14.3 7.6 32.9
2006 33.7 12.6 6.4 28.8
2007 33.4 12.3 6.3 30.3
ENFT 4
2008 34.5 12.5 6.1 30.6
2009 31.7 11.3 5.5 29.0
2010 31.8 11.0 5.2 29.4
2011 31.0 10.4 4.9 29.2
2012 30.8 10.5 5.0 28.9
2013 29.9 9.9 4.5 27.9
2014 25.2 8.2 3.8 22.8
2015 21.8 6.9 3.2 20.1
2016 19.9 6.3 2.9 18.5
2017 15.9 4.4 1.9 15.2

2018 13.9 3.6 1.4 13.7
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 53.4 25.1 15.3 44.1
2004 54.9 26.0 16.0 45.2
2005 46.5 21.1 12.7 36.5
2006 41.3 17.2 9.6 30.6
2007 40.4 16.9 9.6 29.3
2008 38.2 15.8 8.9 27.0
2009 38.2 15.4 8.5 28.7
2010 34.4 13.2 7.1 25.8
2011 30.2 11.3 6.1 20.3
2012 27.5 10.5 5.6 17.3
2013 27.2 9.5 4.7 20.8
2014 23.8 8.2 4.1 18.9
2015 24.8 8.9 4.6 18.6
2016 24.0 8.7 4.6 18.2
2017 23.3 8.2 4.2 16.7
2018 24.2 8.7 4.5 17.9
El Salvador
2000 45.1 20.8 12.8 28.7
2001 46.9 22.1 13.9 31.8
2002 47.0 22.4 14.1 31.9
2003 47.8 23.4 15.3 33.5
2004 45.6 20.0 12.0 33.5
2005 45.6 19.7 11.6 33.4
2006 42.8 16.8 9.0 31.7
2007 39.6 14.2 7.0 27.7
2008 43.8 17.2 9.0 33.4
2009 43.5 16.9 8.8 32.1
2010 42.1 16.0 8.2 31.0
2011 42.1 15.2 7.5 31.6
2012 39.5 13.8 6.7 28.6
2013 35.6 12.2 5.8 25.2
2014 35.5 11.9 5.6 24.9
2015 32.6 10.3 4.6 23.4
2016 31.4 10.4 4.8 21.2
2017 29.5 9.0 4.0 20.1
2018 26.3 8.1 3.6 18.0
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 45.1 19.1 10.8 28.1
2006 43.7 19.9 11.8 24.6
2011 52.4 22.8 12.9 35.3
2014 49.1 20.5 11.2 34.4
ENEI
2002 54.3 27.5 18.1 32.1
2003 46.4 23.5 15.1 27.1
2004 51.8 24.5 15.0 37.3
Honduras
DGEC
1991 79.5 47.7 33.9 70.1
1992 76.9 44.8 31.2 65.1
1993 70.7 39.7 27.5 57.4
1994 70.6 40.2 28.0 61.5
1995 71.7 41.3 29.0 61.4
1996 72.8 42.7 30.7 61.7
1997 64.7 33.1 21.5 51.1
1998 57.0 28.4 18.2 43.9
1999 54.7 26.4 16.6 43.6
INE
2001 55.8 29.5 19.6 34.7
2002 61.0 32.9 22.0 43.2
2003 64.4 36.8 25.4 45.1
2004 63.9 35.9 24.7 44.6
2005 61.4 34.8 24.3 41.9
2006 55.9 30.6 21.0 34.4
2007 53.5 26.7 16.8 30.6
2008 50.7 25.3 16.1 30.7
2009 47.6 22.6 13.8 25.8
2010 50.6 24.4 15.0 29.9
2011 53.2 26.6 17.0 35.9
2012 57.8 29.7 19.2 40.8
2013 56.0 27.6 17.3 37.5
2014 54.9 26.3 16.1 39.3
2015 54.7 26.6 16.4 39.2
2016 53.6 27.1 17.4 38.6
2017 53.6 26.4 16.7 36.1
2018 50.9 25.2 16.1 32.1
Mexico
1989 49.3 20.3 11.3 39.2
1992 43.2 17.4 9.3 33.3
1994 42.5 17.2 9.4 31.3
1996 59.3 29.3 18.3 50.0
1998 51.2 23.0 13.5 40.8
2000 43.8 18.3 10.2 33.5
2002 40.6 16.2 8.7 31.3
2004 37.4 14.2 7.6 29.8
2005 36.7 14.4 7.8 29.6
2006 33.1 11.9 6.0 26.7
2008 33.4 12.8 6.8 25.5
2010 33.3 12.0 6.2 26.7
2012 31.6 11.3 5.6 24.8
2014 33.3 11.4 5.6 27.0
2016 25.4 8.1 3.7 19.7

2018 22.7 6.9 3.1 17.1
Nicaragua
1993 74.8 45.7 32.9 63.8
1998 70.0 36.9 24.1 60.0
2001 63.3 30.1 18.0 53.1
2005 54.4 22.3 11.9 40.6
2009 50.2 19.7 10.3 38.2
2014 35.4 12.3 5.8 23.7
Panama
1989 50.2 30.2 23.2 32.0
1991 48.0 27.5 20.5 32.0
1995 39.3 22.0 16.3 23.7
1997 38.9 20.6 14.6 24.7
1998 38.8 20.9 15.1 23.3
1999 36.8 19.0 13.4 21.6
2000 35.4 17.9 12.0 23.0
2001 40.3 21.2 14.6 25.9
2002 37.5 17.9 11.2 23.4
2003 36.0 17.2 10.9 22.2
2004 34.8 16.2 10.0 20.2
2005 34.7 15.7 9.6 21.3
2006 34.0 16.2 10.3 20.4
2007 30.6 13.6 8.1 16.8
2008 28.0 12.4 7.4 14.4
With Implicit Rent
2008 23.3 9.8 5.5 10.3
2009 23.0 8.6 4.4 10.5
2010 21.8 9.0 5.0 9.3
2011 18.5 7.3 3.9 7.6
2012 18.9 8.0 4.6 7.7
2013 18.2 7.0 3.7 6.9
2014 16.9 7.1 4.0 6.4
2015 15.4 5.9 3.0 5.3
2016 14.6 5.8 3.0 4.4
2017 14.1 5.5 3.1 5.2
2018 12.6 4.7 2.4 4.8
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 17.0 5.0 2.2 17.0
1995 11.3 3.0 1.3 11.3
National
1995 38.9 19.0 12.0 19.0
1997 34.4 16.4 10.3 17.8
1999 36.1 16.3 9.9 19.7
2001 35.0 15.4 9.0 17.8
2002 45.9 21.4 13.0 30.7
2003 39.3 16.3 9.1 28.4
2004 37.0 14.1 7.4 26.6
2005 33.6 13.0 7.0 25.0
2006 38.4 15.9 8.8 26.2
2007 34.5 14.0 7.9 23.4
2008 31.7 11.6 5.9 20.0
2009 30.7 12.1 6.4 16.9
2010 28.8 11.3 6.2 15.1
2011 27.1 10.7 5.9 15.5
2012 22.4 8.4 4.3 9.6
2013 19.1 6.2 3.0 10.5
2014 18.6 6.6 3.2 9.8
2015 18.9 6.4 3.0 9.6
2016 19.2 6.3 2.9 10.1
2017 17.5 5.4 2.4 9.8
2018 15.9 5.4 2.6 7.9
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 52.8 26.2 16.7 34.9
1998 53.0 25.7 16.2 36.3
1999 54.3 26.3 16.5 37.2
2000 52.6 25.5 15.8 33.7
ENAHO 2
2001 55.3 27.0 16.8 39.8
2002 50.7 24.4 15.0 34.2
2003 52.5 23.7 13.9 36.9
ENAHO 3
2003 50.1 22.7 13.2 34.1
2004 50.0 23.3 13.9 33.9
2005 52.5 25.0 15.3 38.0
2006 46.6 22.0 13.3 30.9
2007 41.3 18.9 11.3 25.3
2008 37.6 16.3 9.4 22.4
2009 35.6 14.7 8.2 21.3
2010 31.5 12.6 6.8 17.6
2011 29.5 11.7 6.3 16.3
2012 26.9 10.7 5.8 14.0
2013 26.3 10.1 5.4 14.2
2014 25.3 9.5 5.0 13.6
2015 24.4 9.2 4.8 12.8
2016 24.6 9.1 4.7 13.1
2017 24.2 9.0 4.6 12.9
2018 22.4 7.9 3.9 12.1
Uruguay
Urban
1989 10.0 3.0 1.3 10.0
1992 8.2 2.5 1.1 8.2
1995 8.2 2.3 1.0 8.2
1996 8.6 2.5 1.1 8.6
1997 8.5 2.4 1.0 8.5
1998 8.4 2.4 1.1 8.4
2000 9.2 2.5 1.0 9.2
2001 10.4 2.9 1.2 10.4
2002 13.9 3.8 1.6 13.9
2003 18.3 5.1 2.1 18.3
2004 19.6 5.9 2.5 19.6
2005 17.6 5.3 2.2 17.6
2006 16.0 4.6 2.0 16.0
National
2006 16.9 4.6 1.8 16.8
2007 14.7 3.8 1.5 14.8
2008 10.4 2.6 1.0 10.5
2009 9.8 2.5 0.9 9.8
2010 8.6 2.0 0.7 8.6
2011 5.9 1.5 0.5 5.8
2012 5.5 1.4 0.5 5.5
2013 5.0 1.2 0.5 5.1
2014 4.2 1.0 0.4 4.2
2015 4.0 0.9 0.4 4.0
2016 3.7 0.9 0.3 3.7
2017 2.9 0.7 0.2 2.9
2018 3.0 0.6 0.2 3.0
Urban Rural
15.3 9.0
13.7 7.9
12.3 7.0
11.4 6.4
10.2 5.7
9.5 5.3
8.4 4.8
7.8 4.4
7.6 4.1
7.3 4.1
7.1 4.0
6.9 3.9
6.4 3.6
6.4 3.6
6.1 3.3
4.2 2.1
3.7 1.8
3.8 1.8
3.6 1.8
3.4 1.6
3.4 1.6
3.8 1.8
3.7 1.8
3.4 1.6
3.7 1.8
4.1 2.1
3.2 1.6
3.2 1.5
4.1 2.0
29.9 17.3
23.5 13.5
17.0 9.4
17.0 9.4 74.9 49.8 38.6

15.3 8.6 87.0 63.3 51.5
20.2 11.8 87.5 65.4 54.4
17.3 9.7 82.9 55.2 42.6
18.1 9.9 84.3 58.2 45.9
13.9 7.0 78.3 51.5 39.0
11.2 5.5 76.9 48.2 35.4
11.5 5.5 72.8 43.1 30.2
9.1 4.4 62.1 34.6 23.9
7.2 3.5 58.7 32.8 23.1
4.9 2.3 52.7 27.1 17.8
5.3 2.5 51.5 28.6 19.9
3.9 1.7 52.3 26.8 17.7
3.8 1.8 49.8 25.0 16.1
4.2 1.9 48.6 24.6 16.3
4.6 2.4 49.6 25.5 16.7
3.9 1.8 49.8 24.5 15.6
3.3 1.5 49.5 22.9 13.9
24.5 15.3 80.5 49.6 35.6

24.1 15.0 78.1 47.9 34.3
14.8 8.6 70.7 38.8 25.7
14.7 8.6 69.8 39.1 26.4
14.6 8.6 70.3 39.4 26.6
13.8 7.9 68.1 36.6 24.0
14.9 8.6 68.4 36.7 23.9
16.0 9.5 67.6 37.0 24.6
15.3 8.8 67.3 35.5 22.8
16.2 9.5 66.2 35.3 23.1
14.9 8.5 63.4 32.5 20.6
14.9 8.5 63.8 32.4 20.4

13.5 7.6 62.0 30.8 19.2
11.6 6.3 57.3 28.2 17.6
10.9 6.1 54.3 26.5 16.5
9.3 5.0 50.9 24.1 14.7
8.9 4.9 48.1 22.3 13.4
7.4 4.0 45.8 21.1 12.9
6.2 3.3 41.3 18.1 10.6
5.9 3.3 38.9 17.1 10.1
4.9 2.5 36.2 15.2 8.6
5.7 3.0 37.2 16.0 9.2
6.0 3.1 42.2 19.1 11.4

5.3 2.7 38.9 16.6 9.5
4.8 2.4 36.8 15.3 8.5
5.3 2.7 37.1 16.1 9.3
6.2 3.4 39.2 17.7 10.5
6.5 3.6 39.4 18.7 11.5
6.3 3.5 38.9 18.6 11.5
21.2 12.3 70.2 32.2 18.4

17.4 9.5 57.8 25.2 14.3
13.5 6.9 52.9 20.6 10.6
12.4 6.5 53.6 21.0 11.0
9.5 4.7 51.1 19.7 10.3
9.2 4.7 46.1 17.3 8.7
s of previous years
10.4 5.6 51.8 20.6 11.2

10.4 5.7 46.3 17.8 9.5
5.3 2.4 28.8 9.1 4.2
4.2 2.0 21.5 6.4 3.0
3.2 1.3 15.1 4.2 1.8
1.6 0.7 10.0 2.6 1.0
1.3 0.6 6.7 1.7 0.7
0.9 0.4 4.4 1.0 0.4
26.8 17.0 77.6 44.9 31.5

17.5 9.8 78.9 41.3 26.2
17.8 10.3 72.5 35.1 22.1
17.2 9.9 74.9 37.0 22.9
14.5 8.4 73.0 36.3 22.8
14.4 8.3 69.4 35.4 22.6

13.4 7.5 67.0 32.3 19.7
12.1 6.6 64.1 29.7 17.7
10.5 5.6 61.0 27.2 15.8
9.8 5.2 60.8 27.2 15.9
9.2 4.9 57.6 25.0 14.4
8.2 4.4 55.4 24.1 13.9
7.7 4.0 54.1 22.8 12.8
7.9 4.2 52.2 21.6 12.1
7.5 3.9 50.1 20.2 11.0
7.6 4.0 50.3 20.5 11.3
12.7 8.2 50.4 23.0 14.4

11.7 7.3 49.6 22.4 14.1
14.5 8.9 53.4 25.3 16.0
13.0 7.4 48.5 22.2 13.8
9.7 5.8 44.2 19.6 12.3
7.7 4.7 39.2 16.6 10.1
7.8 4.5 40.9 17.7 11.0
8.9 5.3 44.4 19.8 12.3
8.0 4.6 41.3 16.8 9.8
6.2 3.3 34.8 13.9 8.1
8.2 4.7 38.2 16.0 9.6
8.2 4.9 38.5 16.6 10.0
8.5 5.2 42.7 19.3 12.0
5.3 3.0 36.2 15.4 9.2

5.0 2.7 34.7 14.9 8.9
5.1 2.7 33.7 14.2 8.4
5.2 2.7 34.5 13.9 8.1
4.7 2.4 30.2 11.5 6.2
4.9 2.5 29.4 11.0 6.1
3.4 1.6 24.4 8.4 4.3
3.6 1.9 22.5 7.9 4.1
3.5 1.8 22.1 8.3 4.6
4.0 2.1 26.3 10.2 5.8

2.6 1.3 20.8 7.2 3.7
3.1 1.5 20.0 7.0 3.7
2.8 1.5 19.0 6.6 3.4
2.7 1.3 19.5 6.9 3.5
2.8 1.4 21.4 7.4 3.8
3.0 1.5 18.8 6.8 3.6
2.8 1.5 18.1 6.2 3.1
2.6 1.3 15.5 4.8 2.3
3.2 1.7 15.9 5.4 2.8
7.9 4.2 43.9 17.7 9.9

8.1 4.0 42.2 16.2 8.3
8.8 4.7 43.6 18.4 10.5
12.6 6.8 49.5 20.2 11.0
16.2 8.7 56.6 24.7 14.1
12.6 6.5 44.9 18.0 9.8

10.4 5.2 44.4 17.5 9.2
11.1 5.7 40.7 15.2 7.7
10.6 5.1 44.0 17.1 8.8
10.0 4.7 38.8 14.7 7.5
10.0 4.6 38.6 13.8 6.7
9.5 4.4 36.4 13.0 6.4
9.7 4.6 36.8 13.1 6.3
9.2 4.2 36.5 12.4 5.9
7.4 3.4 33.5 11.3 5.4
6.3 2.9 28.0 9.0 4.3
6.0 2.8 25.5 7.8 3.4
4.3 1.9 18.7 5.0 2.0

3.5 1.4 14.7 3.9 1.6
18.8 10.7 71.4 37.4 24.1

19.4 11.2 74.3 39.2 25.6
14.5 7.9 66.2 34.2 21.9
11.1 5.6 62.1 29.2 17.5
10.2 5.1 62.1 29.9 18.4
9.6 4.9 60.2 27.9 16.8
10.5 5.4 56.6 24.8 14.5
8.9 4.5 51.1 21.7 12.2
6.5 3.2 49.6 20.8 11.8
5.8 2.8 47.2 19.6 11.0
6.4 3.0 40.5 15.7 8.4
6.0 2.8 34.4 13.0 6.8
6.0 2.9 37.7 15.0 8.2
5.8 2.9 36.4 14.8 8.2
4.9 2.3 37.4 15.1 8.4
5.7 2.7 37.8 15.1 8.1
10.4 5.5 68.0 35.3 23.0

12.4 7.0 68.3 35.9 23.7
12.6 7.1 68.8 36.4 24.1
13.6 7.9 68.4 37.5 26.1
12.8 7.1 63.3 30.6 19.3
12.8 7.0 63.6 30.1 18.5
10.9 5.3 59.5 25.7 14.5
8.1 3.5 59.6 24.4 12.9
11.3 5.4 63.0 27.9 15.7
10.5 4.9 63.0 27.7 15.6
10.3 4.8 60.5 25.5 13.9
9.9 4.3 59.4 24.0 12.8
8.5 3.6 57.7 22.8 11.8
7.6 3.2 52.9 19.9 10.0
7.2 3.0 53.0 19.9 9.9
6.4 2.5 47.7 16.8 7.9
6.0 2.5 47.7 17.5 8.5
5.3 2.1 43.6 14.7 6.9
5.0 2.0 39.5 13.1 6.1
10.0 5.2 55.8 24.8 14.4

9.2 4.9 61.3 29.8 18.2
13.7 7.3 68.6 31.4 18.1
12.4 6.2 63.6 28.5 16.1
13.3 7.9 67.4 35.8 24.2

10.6 6.1 58.5 31.4 20.7
16.1 9.5 63.9 31.5 19.6
39.0 26.8 86.7 54.3 39.3

34.6 22.9 86.9 53.4 38.3
29.9 20.3 82.2 48.1 33.7
31.2 20.3 78.0 47.6 34.2
31.4 20.7 80.6 49.8 36.2
31.0 20.6 83.5 53.9 40.3
22.9 13.9 78.0 43.2 28.9

18.5 10.7 70.1 38.4 25.8
17.9 10.2 66.8 35.6 23.5
13.7 7.6 74.8 43.7 30.4

18.7 10.8 76.6 45.4 31.7
21.1 12.9 80.4 49.8 35.7
20.5 12.5 80.4 49.1 35.0
17.3 9.8 78.4 50.0 37.0
14.0 7.8 74.5 45.1 32.4
11.1 5.8 72.5 39.6 26.0
11.8 6.5 67.2 36.5 24.2
8.8 4.3 66.2 34.4 21.9
10.5 5.3 68.3 36.2 23.3
14.9 8.6 67.4 36.1 23.8
17.3 10.0 72.1 40.1 27.0
14.9 8.1 72.1 38.6 25.3
16.0 8.9 72.8 38.2 24.5
16.0 8.9 72.7 38.9 25.0
15.3 8.5 71.3 40.9 27.9
13.2 6.8 74.2 42.1 28.5
12.1 6.6 73.3 40.8 27.4
14.2 7.3 66.0 30.4 18.0

11.2 5.3 69.9 33.9 20.2
10.8 5.2 73.0 34.7 20.7
21.9 12.6 84.8 49.5 33.8
15.2 7.8 79.9 44.6 29.3
11.4 5.5 75.2 39.3 24.4
10.6 5.0 70.2 34.0 20.3
9.8 4.7 62.5 28.8 17.2
10.5 5.3 60.7 27.4 16.1
8.7 4.1 54.5 22.9 12.5
8.5 4.1 60.4 27.5 16.1
8.4 3.8 56.3 24.7 14.3
7.9 3.7 54.9 22.6 12.3
7.9 3.4 54.4 23.5 13.2
5.5 2.4 44.8 16.5 8.3
4.6 1.9 40.2 14.3 7.1
34.5 23.0 88.9 60.1 45.7

28.6 17.3 81.7 46.8 32.2
22.6 12.6 77.6 40.6 25.5
14.0 6.7 71.8 32.8 18.5
13.1 6.3 66.1 28.4 15.5
7.1 3.0 51.6 19.5 9.7
14.0 8.4 71.3 49.1 40.4

14.2 9.0 67.1 43.4 34.3
9.7 5.7 61.5 39.7 31.4
10.0 5.9 59.6 36.1 27.4
9.3 5.4 61.5 37.8 29.3
7.8 4.3 59.3 35.6 26.9
9.7 6.1 54.8 30.5 21.3
11.3 7.1 63.8 37.6 26.9
9.4 5.4 60.8 31.9 20.7
8.7 5.1 59.1 31.4 20.6
7.8 4.4 59.5 30.6 19.6
8.0 4.6 57.8 29.1 18.5
7.7 4.3 57.7 31.2 20.9
5.9 3.1 55.2 27.3 16.9
4.8 2.5 52.4 26.0 16.2
3.0 1.4 46.6 22.0 13.0

3.2 1.5 45.9 18.4 9.7
3.0 1.5 44.7 20.2 11.5
2.5 1.2 39.2 16.6 9.2
2.5 1.2 40.8 18.9 11.2
2.0 0.9 40.7 17.0 9.2
2.1 1.1 37.9 17.1 9.9
1.8 0.9 36.1 14.3 7.4
1.4 0.7 35.9 15.0 7.9
1.9 1.1 33.1 13.4 7.1
1.4 0.7 29.6 11.8 6.3
5.0 2.2
3.0 1.3
7.1 3.8 59.3 31.2 20.3

7.0 3.8 53.4 27.3 17.7
6.6 3.5 55.1 27.5 17.3
6.3 3.2 55.1 26.0 15.8
11.9 6.3 64.2 32.9 20.9
10.0 5.0 52.7 24.1 14.1
9.2 4.5 49.9 20.3 10.9
8.6 4.1 44.5 18.7 10.6
9.4 4.7 54.2 24.2 14.2
8.0 4.0 49.0 22.1 13.1
6.0 2.6 47.5 19.2 10.3
5.6 2.8 49.7 21.0 11.5
4.9 2.3 47.8 20.3 11.6
5.2 2.6 43.5 18.6 10.6
3.0 1.3 40.9 16.4 8.7
3.0 1.3 31.9 11.1 5.5
3.0 1.4 31.8 12.0 6.0
2.8 1.2 33.2 11.9 5.8
2.7 1.1 33.4 12.0 5.9
2.5 1.0 29.9 10.0 4.6
2.3 1.0 28.7 10.4 5.1
12.4 6.2 85.3 51.2 35.6

13.5 7.0 83.8 48.3 33.1
13.0 6.6 86.5 51.3 35.3
11.2 5.3 87.9 52.2 35.5
15.1 8.0 88.3 52.1 35.4
12.3 6.1 87.5 51.4 34.7
12.8 6.4 89.0 49.0 31.2
12.4 6.4 86.5 46.2 28.9

11.9 5.8 87.9 50.1 33.0
13.9 7.0 87.6 52.0 35.2
10.9 5.4 85.8 49.6 33.0
8.5 4.1 82.5 45.8 29.7
7.1 3.4 77.8 40.7 25.5
6.6 3.1 74.8 36.8 22.1
5.4 2.5 70.7 32.9 19.0
4.8 2.2 67.6 31.5 18.1
4.2 1.9 65.1 30.1 17.4
4.1 1.8 63.5 28.7 16.3
3.9 1.7 62.6 27.4 15.2
3.6 1.6 62.1 27.4 15.3
3.7 1.6 62.8 27.2 15.0
3.6 1.5 63.3 27.6 15.3
3.3 1.4 58.9 24.1 12.8
3.0 1.3
2.5 1.1
2.3 1.0
2.5 1.1
2.4 1.0
2.4 1.1
2.5 1.0
2.9 1.2
3.8 1.6
5.1 2.1
5.9 2.5
5.3 2.2
4.6 2.0
4.5 1.8 18.6 5.1 2.1
3.9 1.5 13.9 3.4 1.2
2.6 1.0 9.3 2.4 0.9
2.5 0.9 9.3 2.1 0.8
2.0 0.7 7.3 1.9 0.8
1.4 0.5 6.5 1.5 0.6
1.4 0.5 5.2 1.2 0.5
1.3 0.5 4.2 0.8 0.3
1.0 0.4 4.8 1.3 0.6
0.9 0.4 3.2 1.0 0.5
0.9 0.3 3.4 0.9 0.4
0.7 0.2 2.6 0.6 0.2
0.6 0.2 2.5 0.6 0.3
Poverty Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
FGT measures
Poverty lines: 50% median household per capita income
National Urban Rural B. Urban C. Rural

Headcount Poverty gap Headcount Poverty gap Headcount Poverty gap Number of Headcount Poverty gap Number of Headcount Poverty gap
FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2) FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2) FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2) poor people FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2) poor people FGT(0) FGT(1) FGT(2)
Latin America (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 24.8 10.2 5.9 24.8 10.2 5.9
2004-I 23.9 9.8 5.6 23.9 9.8 5.6
2004-II 24.4 10.0 5.6 24.4 10.0 5.6
2005-I 23.2 9.3 5.1 23.2 9.3 5.1
2005-II 24.0 9.6 5.3 24.0 9.6 5.3
2006-I 24.2 9.7 5.4 24.2 9.7 5.4
2006-II 23.3 9.6 5.5 23.3 9.6 5.5
2007-I 23.1 9.4 5.4 23.1 9.4 5.4
2007-II 23.8 9.2 5.0 23.8 9.2 5.0
2008-I 22.4 9.2 5.2 22.4 9.2 5.2
2008-II 22.4 9.1 5.1 22.4 9.1 5.1
2009-I 22.3 9.2 5.3 22.3 9.2 5.3
2009-II 22.7 9.2 5.2 22.7 9.2 5.2

2010-I 22.3 9.0 5.1 22.3 9.0 5.1
2010-II 22.5 8.9 5.0 22.5 8.9 5.0
2011-I 20.8 7.4 3.8 20.8 7.4 3.8
2011-II 20.7 7.1 3.5 20.7 7.1 3.5
2012-I 21.7 7.6 3.8 21.7 7.6 3.8
2012-II 20.2 6.9 3.5 20.2 6.9 3.5
2013-I 20.3 6.9 3.4 20.3 6.9 3.4
2013-II 20.2 7.0 3.5 20.2 7.0 3.5
2014-I 19.7 6.6 3.3 19.7 6.6 3.3
2014-II 20.2 6.6 3.2 20.2 6.6 3.2
2015-I 19.8 6.5 3.1 19.8 6.5 3.1
2016-II 20.7 7.0 3.4 20.7 7.0 3.4
2017-I 20.3 7.4 3.8 20.3 7.4 3.8
2017-II 19.5 6.7 3.3 19.5 6.7 3.3
2018-I 20.1 6.8 3.3 20.1 6.8 3.3
2018-II 20.3 7.0 3.5 20.3 7.0 3.5
Bolivia
Urban
1992 16.8 5.4 2.8 16.8 5.4 2.8
1993 19.7 7.1 3.9 19.7 7.1 3.9
1997 19.7 7.1 3.7 19.7 7.1 3.7 1992 1990
National
1997 26.4 13.4 9.1 13.7 4.7 2.5 54.1 32.3 23.5
1999 30.3 17.8 13.3 10.5 3.9 2.4 66.0 43.1 32.9
2000 29.6 18.2 13.8 10.8 4.7 3.1 64.0 42.9 33.3
2001 27.1 14.4 9.9 10.6 4.0 2.4 55.8 32.5 23.1
2002 28.0 15.0 10.5 11.0 3.6 1.8 57.4 34.7 25.7
2005 26.2 13.3 8.9 9.8 2.9 1.5 55.4 32.0 22.3
2006 25.5 12.4 8.1 8.9 2.8 1.4 56.3 30.2 20.6
2007 24.3 10.4 6.5 11.2 2.7 1.1 50.1 25.6 17.1
2008 22.9 10.3 6.5 10.9 3.4 1.7 45.8 23.4 15.5
2009 23.2 11.0 7.1 11.1 3.6 1.8 46.7 25.4 17.3
2011 21.8 9.4 5.7 10.3 3.1 1.4 45.2 22.3 14.3
2012 22.9 10.6 6.7 11.9 3.6 1.7 45.6 24.9 17.1
2013 22.7 9.9 6.1 10.5 3.0 1.3 48.3 24.3 16.0
2014 21.6 9.1 5.5 10.2 2.9 1.4 46.0 22.4 14.3
2015 21.3 9.0 5.5 11.1 3.1 1.4 43.4 21.8 14.4
2016 21.9 9.6 5.9 11.2 3.7 2.0 46.0 22.9 14.9
2017 21.5 9.1 5.4 10.4 3.2 1.5 46.2 22.2 14.0
2018 19.8 8.0 4.5 9.0 2.6 1.1 44.4 20.3 12.2
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 26.0 11.5 7.0 19.7 8.1 4.7 48.9 23.9 15.2
1993 25.7 11.3 6.8 19.7 8.1 4.7 48.3 23.5 14.7
1995 26.4 11.2 6.5 19.6 7.7 4.2 52.1 24.8 15.1
1996 26.9 11.9 7.0 20.0 8.1 4.6 53.8 26.6 16.7
1997 27.2 11.9 7.0 20.3 8.1 4.5 54.3 26.9 16.8
1998 25.9 11.0 6.3 19.6 7.6 4.2 51.6 24.5 14.8
1999 25.8 10.8 6.1 19.7 7.7 4.2 50.2 23.0 13.5
2001 25.9 11.0 6.4 21.3 8.6 4.9 50.3 23.9 14.6
2002 25.3 10.3 5.8 20.9 8.0 4.4 49.3 22.2 13.0
2003 25.3 10.5 6.0 21.1 8.4 4.7 47.7 21.9 13.2
2004 24.5 9.8 5.5 20.6 7.9 4.3 45.9 20.3 11.8
With Rural North
2004 24.5 9.8 5.4 20.2 7.7 4.2 45.3 19.8 11.4
2005 24.3 9.6 5.3 19.9 7.4 4.0 45.4 19.9 11.5
2006 23.6 9.3 5.2 19.2 7.1 3.7 44.8 20.1 11.9
2007 24.2 9.8 5.6 19.9 7.6 4.2 45.3 20.4 12.3
2008 23.5 9.3 5.1 19.3 7.1 3.8 44.5 19.9 11.8
2009 23.4 9.3 5.2 19.4 7.3 4.0 43.3 19.3 11.4
2011 23.0 9.2 5.2 19.0 7.1 3.9 44.7 20.5 12.5
2012 22.8 8.8 4.9 19.0 6.9 3.7 43.8 19.5 11.5
2013 22.9 9.0 5.1 19.3 7.2 3.9 43.6 19.7 11.8
2014 22.1 8.3 4.4 18.6 6.5 3.3 41.8 18.4 10.7
2015 22.2 8.5 4.6 18.8 6.8 3.5 41.1 18.1 10.6
New PNADC
2012 22.8 8.8 4.8 18.9 6.7 3.5 44.7 20.6 12.4
2013 22.5 8.4 4.5 18.6 6.5 3.3 43.7 19.2 11.1
2014 22.0 8.2 4.3 18.5 6.4 3.2 42.9 18.6 10.7
2015 22.3 8.5 4.6 18.9 6.7 3.4 42.5 18.9 11.1
2016 23.0 9.2 5.2 19.5 7.4 4.0 43.5 20.1 12.1
2017 23.1 9.5 5.4 19.8 7.6 4.2 43.3 20.8 13.0
2018 23.6 9.7 5.6 20.1 7.7 4.3 44.0 21.3 13.4
Chile
1987 20.8 7.2 3.8 18.7 6.7 3.6 29.6 9.3 4.4
1990 20.3 6.8 3.5 18.7 6.2 3.1 26.9 9.9 5.3
1992 18.8 5.9 2.8 17.1 5.4 2.6 27.2 8.4 3.9
1994 20.3 6.8 3.5 18.1 6.1 3.1 31.1 10.4 5.1
1996 19.6 6.5 3.2 16.8 5.5 2.7 34.7 12.2 5.9
1998 20.5 6.9 3.5 18.1 6.2 3.1 35.2 11.7 5.5
2000 19.4 7.1 3.9 17.0 6.2 3.4 34.9 12.8 6.7
2003 19.5 7.0 3.9 17.7 6.4 3.7 31.3 11.0 5.7
2006 16.4 4.8 2.2 15.2 4.4 2.0 24.8 7.6 3.5
2009 14.9 4.4 2.1 14.0 4.1 1.9 21.2 6.3 3.0
2011 14.6 4.0 1.7 14.1 3.9 1.6 18.6 5.1 2.2
2013 13.8 3.7 1.5 13.0 3.4 1.4 19.5 5.4 2.2
2015 13.6 3.5 1.5 13.0 3.4 1.4 17.9 4.6 1.9
2017 13.6 3.5 1.4 12.9 3.4 1.4 18.4 4.5 1.7
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 22.7 11.5 8.1 17.2 8.8 6.3 37.4 18.8 13.0
2002 21.7 8.3 4.5 14.3 5.2 2.8 42.8 17.2 9.3
2003 20.6 8.6 5.3 15.9 6.5 4.1 36.6 15.6 9.4 1999
2004 20.9 8.3 5.0 15.4 6.0 3.8 39.2 15.7 8.9
2005 21.1 8.8 5.5 14.9 6.2 4.0 43.9 18.5 10.9
GEIH-National
2008 23.4 9.6 5.6 16.9 6.6 3.8 45.0 19.7 11.7
2009 22.3 8.7 4.9 16.0 6.0 3.3 42.1 17.2 9.7
2010 22.1 8.4 4.6 16.1 5.8 3.1 41.1 16.6 9.2
2011 21.5 8.0 4.3 15.4 5.5 2.9 41.3 16.2 8.8
2012 21.9 8.2 4.5 15.4 5.5 2.9 43.1 17.3 9.6
2013 21.8 8.3 4.5 15.6 5.7 3.0 42.2 16.9 9.4
2014 21.8 8.2 4.5 15.3 5.4 2.9 43.3 17.4 9.6
2015 21.2 7.7 4.1 15.0 5.1 2.7 42.2 16.5 9.0
2016 20.7 7.6 4.1 15.0 5.3 2.8 40.0 15.6 8.5
2017 20.2 7.2 3.8 14.8 5.0 2.6 38.8 14.5 7.6
2018 20.4 7.3 3.9 15.0 5.1 2.7 38.9 14.8 8.0
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 21.2 9.8 6.7 13.2 6.8 5.1 27.1 12.0 7.9
1990 20.9 9.6 6.4 12.6 6.1 4.5 27.6 12.5 8.0
1991 22.2 10.0 6.5 14.6 6.7 4.7 27.9 12.5 7.9
1992 20.4 8.8 5.7 13.8 5.5 3.6 25.6 11.3 7.3
1993 20.1 9.1 6.0 12.3 5.2 3.7 26.0 11.9 7.8
1994 19.7 8.6 5.4 11.2 5.0 3.4 25.9 11.2 7.0
1995 20.1 8.7 5.6 11.3 4.7 3.0 26.6 11.7 7.5
1996 20.4 9.1 5.8 11.7 4.9 3.3 26.8 12.1 7.7
1997 20.1 8.1 4.9 12.2 4.8 2.9 25.8 10.4 6.2
1998 19.6 7.5 4.4 11.6 4.0 2.3 25.1 9.9 5.8
1999 20.2 8.3 5.1 13.6 5.2 3.2 25.6 10.9 6.6
2000 20.7 8.7 5.3 13.0 5.3 3.4 27.2 11.4 6.9
2001 22.0 9.5 6.1 14.4 5.9 3.9 32.0 14.2 9.0
With Implicit Rent
2001 21.0 8.7 5.1 12.0 4.7 2.7 32.8 14.0 8.3
2002 20.6 8.2 4.8 12.1 4.3 2.4 31.8 13.4 8.0
2003 21.5 8.6 4.9 13.5 4.8 2.6 32.2 13.6 8.1
2004 19.9 7.8 4.4 12.3 4.5 2.4 30.4 12.3 7.2
2005 19.6 7.1 3.7 13.4 4.4 2.2 28.2 10.8 5.8
2006 19.2 7.0 3.8 13.2 4.5 2.4 27.4 10.4 5.7
2007 18.5 6.2 3.1 12.3 3.9 1.8 27.0 9.5 4.8
2008 18.6 6.4 3.3 12.9 4.3 2.2 26.2 9.2 4.8
2009 20.2 7.2 3.8 14.8 4.8 2.4 27.6 10.5 5.8
ENAHO
2010 19.4 7.2 3.9 13.4 4.6 2.4 29.1 11.4 6.4
2010 18.0 6.1 3.1 12.0 3.8 1.9 27.6 9.9 5.1
2011 19.8 6.8 3.5 14.5 4.8 2.3 28.4 10.2 5.3
2012 19.6 6.8 3.4 13.7 4.5 2.3 29.1 10.3 5.3
2013 19.2 6.7 3.4 13.6 4.4 2.1 28.4 10.3 5.4
2014 19.7 6.8 3.4 14.9 4.9 2.4 32.5 12.0 6.3
2015 18.6 6.6 3.4 15.1 5.1 2.5 28.0 10.6 5.7
2016 19.4 6.7 3.4 15.5 5.2 2.6 29.8 10.8 5.6
2017 18.7 6.1 3.0 15.5 5.0 2.4 27.1 9.1 4.4
2018 19.2 6.8 3.5 15.7 5.7 2.9 28.4 9.8 5.0
Dominican Rep.
2000 20.8 7.8 4.2 14.4 5.0 2.7 31.2 12.3 6.6
2001 20.4 6.9 3.3 14.8 4.8 2.3 29.9 10.3 5.0
2002 21.2 8.2 4.4 15.4 5.6 3.0 31.4 12.7 6.9
2003 20.4 7.2 3.7 16.7 5.9 3.1 27.2 9.6 4.9
2004 20.3 7.0 3.4 16.8 5.5 2.7 27.3 9.8 4.8
ENFT 3
2005 20.2 6.8 3.3 17.6 5.8 2.7 25.5 8.9 4.5
2006 20.7 6.8 3.2 17.2 5.4 2.5 28.5 9.8 4.8
2007 19.4 6.3 3.0 17.3 5.7 2.8 24.3 7.8 3.6
ENFT 4
2008 18.8 5.8 2.6 15.7 4.7 2.0 26.4 8.5 3.9
2009 18.9 5.9 2.6 16.8 5.0 2.2 24.6 8.2 3.8
2010 19.4 5.9 2.5 17.8 5.2 2.1 23.9 7.7 3.4
2011 17.5 5.3 2.4 15.8 4.7 2.1 22.5 7.1 3.3
2012 17.4 5.3 2.3 15.7 4.8 2.1 22.8 6.7 2.9
2013 17.8 5.1 2.1 16.6 4.7 1.9 21.8 6.6 2.9
2014 17.8 5.4 2.4 16.2 4.8 2.1 23.3 7.6 3.5
2015 17.6 5.4 2.5 16.6 5.0 2.2 21.4 7.2 3.4
2016 18.6 5.8 2.7 17.3 5.5 2.5 24.0 7.1 3.1
2017 14.2 3.9 1.6 13.6 3.8 1.6 16.6 4.3 1.7
2018 14.2 3.7 1.5 14.0 3.7 1.4 15.0 4.0 1.6
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 22.4 8.8 5.0 15.1 5.6 3.1 36.5 15.1 8.7
2004 22.2 9.1 5.4 14.8 5.7 3.4 37.1 15.9 9.4
2005 22.8 9.2 5.2 14.2 5.2 2.7 39.6 17.0 9.9
2006 21.1 7.7 4.1 12.8 4.0 2.0 37.3 15.0 8.2
2007 20.9 8.0 4.5 11.9 3.8 1.9 38.5 16.4 9.5
2008 21.4 8.0 4.4 12.8 4.1 2.0 38.2 15.7 9.0
2009 20.0 7.4 3.9 13.2 4.4 2.3 33.1 13.0 7.1
2010 19.9 7.1 3.7 13.1 4.3 2.2 33.3 12.6 6.7
2011 19.6 7.1 3.8 11.5 3.6 1.9 35.4 14.1 7.7
2012 21.2 7.6 4.0 12.6 3.9 1.9 37.9 14.8 8.1
2013 19.6 6.5 3.2 14.1 4.1 1.9 30.9 11.3 5.9
2014 18.7 6.2 3.0 14.4 4.3 1.9 27.8 10.2 5.2
2015 19.0 6.7 3.5 13.6 4.3 2.1 30.4 11.8 6.3
2016 18.5 6.7 3.5 13.1 4.3 2.1 29.8 11.8 6.4
2017 19.1 6.7 3.4 12.7 3.8 1.8 32.8 12.9 7.0
2018 19.3 6.9 3.5 13.4 4.3 2.1 31.7 12.4 6.5
El Salvador
2000 23.3 10.0 5.9 10.3 3.6 1.9 41.4 19.0 11.5
2001 23.6 10.5 6.5 12.0 4.6 2.8 40.0 18.8 11.7
2002 23.6 10.7 6.6 12.0 4.7 2.8 40.4 19.3 12.2
2003 24.1 11.8 8.0 12.4 5.3 3.4 41.1 21.2 14.6
2004 20.9 8.8 5.4 12.1 4.8 2.9 33.9 14.8 9.1
2005 21.4 8.4 4.8 12.9 4.7 2.5 34.0 14.1 8.1
2006 18.2 6.1 2.9 10.2 3.1 1.5 30.2 10.5 5.1
2007 16.2 4.9 2.2 8.1 2.0 0.8 29.9 9.8 4.5
2008 18.6 5.9 2.7 11.0 3.1 1.3 32.7 11.2 5.3
2009 18.5 5.9 2.7 10.0 2.7 1.1 32.9 11.4 5.4
2010 18.3 5.6 2.5 10.2 2.8 1.2 31.8 10.3 4.7
2011 16.0 4.7 2.0 8.9 2.2 0.8 27.7 8.8 3.9
2012 15.7 4.6 2.0 8.6 2.0 0.8 27.7 8.8 4.0
2013 16.3 4.6 2.0 9.1 2.3 0.9 28.2 8.5 3.7
2014 15.6 4.4 1.8 8.4 2.1 0.8 27.4 8.2 3.5
2015 14.4 3.9 1.5 8.4 1.9 0.7 24.4 7.1 2.9
2016 16.3 4.6 1.9 9.0 2.1 0.8 27.9 8.5 3.6
2017 14.5 4.0 1.6 8.1 1.9 0.7 24.1 7.1 3.1
2018 15.3 4.3 1.8 9.5 2.4 0.9 24.7 7.4 3.2
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 21.4 7.9 4.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 28.8 10.7 5.7
2006 24.3 9.6 5.1 10.2 3.5 1.8 37.3 15.2 8.1
2011 20.0 6.7 3.4 10.7 3.6 1.8 28.8 9.7 4.8
2014 19.6 6.3 2.9 10.2 3.1 1.4 28.8 9.4 4.4
ENEI
2002 24.4 12.0 8.0 8.9 4.5 3.2 33.5 16.5 10.7
2003 26.6 11.9 7.1 10.5 4.1 2.5 36.6 16.7 10.0
2004 22.5 9.2 5.4 14.2 5.6 3.3 29.4 12.1 7.1
Honduras 1995
DGEC
1991 24.5 12.4 9.1 17.1 10.1 8.3 30.1 14.1 9.7
1992 23.8 12.2 9.2 14.5 8.8 7.3 31.7 15.1 10.7
1993 23.8 12.3 9.3 16.4 9.5 7.8 30.2 14.8 10.6
1994 25.4 12.8 9.0 15.9 8.2 6.2 33.2 16.6 11.3
1995 26.0 12.9 9.3 15.1 8.1 6.6 35.4 17.0 11.6
1996 27.1 14.4 10.6 14.7 8.9 7.4 38.8 19.7 13.7
1997 23.8 10.1 5.9 13.6 5.8 3.5 33.8 14.4 8.3 1997
1998 24.4 10.4 6.3 12.7 5.1 3.2 36.2 15.7 9.5
1999 22.8 9.9 6.2 12.8 5.3 3.2 33.7 14.9 9.4
INE
2001 28.0 12.4 7.3 9.2 3.7 2.0 44.8 20.3 12.1
2002 26.1 11.4 6.7 10.9 4.1 2.3 39.4 17.7 10.6
2003 27.1 12.1 7.3 11.1 4.7 3.0 40.3 18.2 10.8
2004 27.2 12.0 7.3 11.6 4.7 2.8 40.5 18.3 11.1
2005 28.2 14.0 9.0 9.0 3.5 2.1 45.0 23.1 15.1
2006 28.1 13.6 8.6 9.3 3.4 1.8 44.3 22.4 14.5
2007 25.0 10.3 5.7 7.6 2.6 1.3 39.4 16.7 9.4
2008 26.1 11.2 6.5 9.7 3.6 2.0 39.7 17.5 10.2
2009 25.0 10.0 5.4 7.5 2.4 1.1 39.9 16.5 9.1
2010 24.5 9.8 5.3 7.9 2.6 1.3 38.7 16.0 8.7
2011 25.3 10.8 6.3 12.0 4.7 2.7 36.2 15.8 9.3
2012 25.2 10.7 6.2 11.5 4.4 2.4 36.8 15.9 9.3
2013 24.2 9.8 5.4 10.2 3.5 1.7 36.4 15.3 8.7
2014 24.3 9.0 4.6 12.2 4.3 2.2 38.3 14.5 7.4
2015 24.3 9.2 4.8 12.5 4.2 2.1 38.1 15.0 7.9
2016 25.8 11.1 6.5 11.3 4.4 2.4 42.8 19.0 11.3
2017 24.7 10.5 5.9 8.5 2.9 1.5 44.0 19.4 11.2
2018 25.0 11.0 6.4 9.2 3.6 2.0 44.0 19.9 11.7
Mexico
1989 18.8 6.6 3.6 11.3 3.7 2.0 31.2 11.5 6.1
1992 20.1 6.6 3.1 11.6 3.0 1.2 42.8 16.1 8.0
1994 20.5 7.0 3.4 11.9 3.3 1.5 43.8 17.0 8.8
1996 22.5 9.1 5.3 14.1 5.3 3.0 45.2 19.7 11.5
1998 22.0 8.2 4.2 11.8 3.6 1.7 50.2 20.7 11.1
2000 20.6 7.5 3.9 10.8 3.4 1.6 50.4 20.1 10.7
2002 19.8 6.7 3.3 11.7 3.3 1.5 45.5 17.3 8.9
2004 18.6 6.4 3.3 12.4 3.6 1.6 39.3 16.0 8.8 2001
2005 20.0 7.2 3.8 14.2 4.7 2.4 39.4 15.6 8.5
2006 18.6 6.0 2.9 13.0 3.9 1.8 37.4 13.2 6.5
2008 20.0 7.1 3.6 13.1 4.1 1.9 43.2 17.3 9.3
2010 17.7 5.9 3.0 12.2 3.4 1.6 36.7 14.7 8.0
2012 18.1 5.8 2.8 12.7 3.6 1.6 36.6 13.1 6.7
2014 16.4 5.1 2.4 10.9 2.8 1.1 35.2 13.2 6.7
2016 16.0 4.8 2.2 11.3 3.0 1.3 32.1 10.9 5.2
2018 15.3 4.4 2.0 10.6 2.6 1.1 29.8 10.0 4.8
Nicaragua
1993 26.1 12.9 8.8 15.1 7.0 4.8 40.3 20.7 14.1
1998 22.1 9.6 5.7 13.6 5.1 2.8 32.1 14.8 9.2
2001 19.0 6.6 3.3 11.6 3.7 1.8 29.4 10.6 5.3
2005 17.2 4.8 2.1 8.6 2.0 0.8 28.1 8.4 3.7
2009 16.7 5.0 2.2 9.1 2.7 1.1 26.7 8.2 3.7
2014 18.3 5.1 2.2 9.5 2.4 1.0 30.4 8.9 3.9
Panama
1989 30.2 19.5 15.9 12.7 5.4 3.3 50.7 36.0 30.5
1991 28.4 17.6 13.8 13.1 6.6 4.7 46.7 30.8 24.7
1995 28.3 16.5 12.8 13.3 5.6 3.5 49.8 32.2 26.0
1997 26.6 14.8 10.9 13.5 5.7 3.5 45.6 28.0 21.6
1998 26.7 15.0 11.3 12.6 5.0 3.1 47.2 29.5 23.3
1999 25.9 13.9 10.3 11.3 4.3 2.5 47.5 28.1 21.8
2000 26.6 13.2 9.0 15.0 6.5 4.4 44.6 23.5 16.2
2001 27.6 14.4 9.9 14.3 6.7 4.5 49.5 27.2 18.7
2002 26.5 11.9 7.1 14.0 5.5 3.2 47.3 22.5 13.6
2003 25.7 12.0 7.4 12.8 5.3 3.2 47.3 23.0 14.3
2004 25.9 11.6 7.0 13.0 5.0 2.8 47.8 22.9 14.0
2005 25.2 11.2 6.7 13.1 5.1 3.0 46.1 21.7 13.1
2006 25.5 11.9 7.4 13.0 4.8 2.8 47.5 24.2 15.6
2007 25.0 10.9 6.3 12.2 4.3 2.2 47.8 22.6 13.5
2008 24.3 10.8 6.4 11.5 3.9 2.0 47.3 23.2 14.1
With Implicit Rent
2008 23.3 9.8 5.5 10.3 3.0 1.4 46.6 22.0 13.0
2009 23.2 8.7 4.4 10.6 3.2 1.5 46.1 18.6 9.8
2010 23.2 9.7 5.4 10.2 3.3 1.6 46.9 21.4 12.4
2011 22.8 9.2 5.1 10.9 3.4 1.7 45.7 20.3 11.6
2012 23.0 9.9 5.8 10.7 3.5 1.7 47.2 22.6 13.8
2013 23.9 9.6 5.3 11.0 3.3 1.5 49.4 22.2 12.7
2014 23.1 9.9 5.7 10.8 3.5 1.7 47.6 22.6 13.7
2015 22.6 9.3 5.2 10.7 3.4 1.6 46.9 21.6 12.4
2016 22.9 9.7 5.6 10.6 3.2 1.5 48.6 23.5 14.0
2017 23.5 9.8 5.6 12.6 4.1 2.1 46.8 22.1 13.1
2018 22.3 9.3 5.2 11.9 3.9 1.8 45.0 21.2 12.6
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 15.3 4.4 1.9 15.3 4.4 1.9
1995 18.3 5.1 2.2 18.3 5.1 2.2
National
1995 26.2 11.9 7.2 9.1 3.5 2.0 43.8 20.6 12.7
1997 27.7 12.6 7.7 12.8 4.8 2.6 44.8 21.6 13.6
1999 23.6 10.5 6.3 9.4 3.6 2.0 40.1 18.6 11.2
2001 24.4 9.9 5.6 10.3 3.3 1.7 40.8 17.5 10.1
2002 23.8 9.7 5.4 12.0 4.0 2.0 38.0 16.5 9.4
2003 21.7 8.1 4.2 12.7 4.1 2.0 32.7 12.9 6.9
2004 19.5 6.5 3.1 12.0 3.8 1.8 28.8 9.9 4.8
2005 19.8 7.2 3.7 12.8 4.0 1.9 28.6 11.1 6.1
2006 21.7 8.1 4.1 12.2 4.0 1.9 34.0 13.4 7.1
2007 20.7 8.1 4.4 11.4 3.8 1.9 33.0 13.8 7.6
2008 20.2 6.7 3.2 10.5 2.9 1.2 33.3 12.0 6.0
2009 22.0 7.8 3.9 10.7 3.3 1.6 37.6 14.0 7.2
2010 21.5 8.1 4.3 10.0 3.1 1.4 37.6 15.1 8.3
2011 22.7 8.6 4.6 12.1 3.9 1.9 37.8 15.3 8.5
2012 21.1 7.9 4.0 8.9 2.7 1.2 38.9 15.4 8.1
2013 19.9 6.5 3.1 11.1 3.1 1.4 33.0 11.5 5.7
2014 19.8 7.2 3.5 10.8 3.4 1.5 33.3 12.9 6.6
2015 20.2 6.9 3.3 10.9 3.1 1.3 34.6 12.8 6.3
2016 19.1 6.3 2.9 10.0 2.6 1.1 33.3 12.0 5.8
2017 18.5 5.8 2.6 10.3 2.7 1.1 31.5 10.6 4.9
2018 18.6 6.3 3.0 9.9 2.8 1.2 32.7 11.9 5.9
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 25.4 10.7 6.2 8.5 2.6 1.2 56.3 25.5 15.1
1998 24.0 10.2 5.9 9.6 3.1 1.5 50.6 23.3 13.9
1999 23.7 10.2 5.9 8.1 2.7 1.4 53.4 24.3 14.4
2000 24.2 9.8 5.4 6.5 1.9 0.9 57.2 24.5 13.7
ENAHO 2
2001 23.9 9.6 5.2 9.8 3.3 1.6 53.6 22.8 12.6
2002 24.2 9.8 5.3 8.7 2.7 1.3 58.6 25.4 14.3
2003 21.9 7.8 3.9 8.9 2.9 1.5 52.2 19.4 9.6
ENAHO 3
2003 22.8 8.0 3.9 10.0 3.2 1.5 52.1 19.1 9.4
2004 23.9 8.9 4.6 9.2 2.6 1.2 58.5 23.8 12.6
2005 23.9 9.3 4.9 9.6 3.0 1.4 58.5 24.5 13.2
2006 24.2 9.8 5.2 9.2 3.0 1.4 61.6 26.7 14.8
2007 24.5 9.9 5.3 9.5 2.9 1.4 62.9 27.7 15.4
2008 23.3 9.3 5.0 9.4 2.9 1.4 60.0 26.3 14.6
2009 22.3 8.5 4.4 9.7 2.9 1.4 56.7 23.6 12.7
2010 21.6 8.0 4.0 9.4 2.8 1.3 55.7 22.6 11.8
2011 21.7 8.1 4.2 9.5 2.8 1.3 57.0 23.5 12.5
2012 21.5 8.2 4.3 9.6 2.8 1.3 56.8 24.3 13.4
2013 21.0 7.8 4.0 9.6 2.7 1.2 55.8 23.4 12.6
2014 20.5 7.4 3.8 9.7 2.7 1.2 54.8 22.4 11.9
2015 19.5 7.2 3.7 8.7 2.5 1.1 54.5 22.5 12.0
2016 20.6 7.4 3.7 9.8 2.7 1.2 56.6 23.1 12.3
2017 20.1 7.2 3.6 9.4 2.6 1.1 56.8 23.3 12.4
2018 19.4 6.7 3.3 9.6 2.6 1.1 54.0 21.1 10.9
Uruguay
Urban
1989 18.5 5.9 2.7 18.5 5.9 2.7
1992 17.8 5.6 2.6 17.8 5.6 2.6
1995 18.2 5.8 2.7 18.2 5.8 2.7
1996 18.0 5.8 2.7 18.0 5.8 2.7
1997 18.3 5.7 2.6 18.3 5.7 2.6
1998 19.7 6.5 3.0 19.7 6.5 3.0
2000 19.3 6.1 2.8 19.3 6.1 2.8
2001 19.8 6.2 2.7 19.8 6.2 2.7
2002 20.3 6.2 2.7 20.3 6.2 2.7
2003 18.6 5.2 2.1 18.6 5.2 2.1
2004 20.6 6.2 2.7 20.6 6.2 2.7
2005 20.3 6.3 2.7 20.3 6.3 2.7
2006 20.0 6.0 2.6 20.0 6.0 2.6
National
2006 19.4 5.5 2.2 19.3 5.4 2.2 21.3 6.1 2.5
2007 19.7 5.6 2.3 19.6 5.7 2.3 19.7 5.2 2.0
2008 18.8 5.4 2.2 18.8 5.4 2.2 18.3 5.0 2.1
2009 19.8 6.0 2.6 19.8 6.0 2.6 21.0 5.7 2.3
2010 19.0 5.5 2.2 19.1 5.5 2.2 18.9 5.1 2.1
2011 18.4 5.4 2.3 18.2 5.3 2.3 21.0 5.9 2.5
2012 17.8 5.4 2.4 17.6 5.4 2.4 21.1 5.7 2.4
2013 18.1 5.5 2.4 18.1 5.6 2.4 19.1 5.1 2.0
2014 17.8 5.5 2.4 17.6 5.4 2.4 20.4 6.6 3.0
2015 18.2 5.5 2.4 18.1 5.5 2.4 19.3 5.6 2.4
2016 17.5 5.1 2.2 17.3 5.1 2.2 20.6 5.7 2.3
2017 17.1 4.8 2.0 17.0 4.8 2.0 19.3 5.1 2.0
2018 16.9 4.7 1.9 16.8 4.7 1.9 18.8 5.1 2.0
Poverty
Headcount ratio
By region
Latin America
Argentina
National GBA Pampeana
EPHC
2003-II 8.4 6.7 9.2
2004-I 7.1 5.6 6.7
2004-II 6.4 5.4 5.9
2005-I 5.6 4.3 5.8
2005-II 4.7 3.6 4.9
2006-I 4.4 3.3 4.1
2006-II 4.0 3.1 3.5
2007-I 3.6 2.8 3.4
2007-II 3.3 2.5 2.6
2008-I 3.5 2.9 2.9
2008-II 3.2 2.5 3.2
2009-I 3.5 2.6 3.8
2009-II 3.0 2.3 3.2
2010-I 3.0 2.1 3.4
2010-II 2.8 2.0 3.2
2011-I 1.4 1.4 1.2
2011-II 1.1 1.0 1.1
2012-I 1.2 1.3 1.0
2012-II 1.2 1.2 1.1
2013-I 1.0 0.9 1.1
2013-II 1.0 1.1 1.0
2014-I 1.2 1.3 1.1
2014-II 0.9 0.9 1.1
2015-I 0.9 1.0 1.1
2016-II 1.1 1.2 1.0
2017-I 1.3 1.7 1.0
2017-II 0.9 1.0 1.0
2018-I 1.0 1.1 1.0
2018-II 1.4 1.6 1.1
Bolivia
National Chuquisaca La Paz
1997 19.3 46.9 20.5
1999 25.2 57.9 25.1
2000 28.6 49.2 24.4
2001 22.8 47.9 23.2
2002 24.6 48.3 27.2
2005 19.2 38.3 18.4
2006 16.1 26.8 20.2
2007 12.4 27.1 13.3
2011 7.2 13.6 6.2
2012 8.1 20.1 8.6
2013 6.9 22.5 8.6
2014 5.7 10.2 6.6
2015 6.3 20.8 5.6
2016 7.0 11.7 5.2
2017 5.8 16.1 4.9
2018 4.5 9.9 5.4
Brazil
National Norte Nordeste
New PNAD
1992 20.9 28.6 40.9
1993 20.0 22.3 41.6
1995 12.0 12.6 25.2
1996 12.3 13.7 27.0
1997 12.1 15.4 27.0
1998 10.7 14.6 23.1
1999 11.3 14.1 24.1
2001 11.5 13.5 24.3
2002 10.2 12.4 22.4
2003 11.0 13.1 23.9
2004 9.5 9.9 21.2
With Rural North
2004 9.7 12.7 21.1
2005 8.6 10.8 19.0
2006 7.2 9.0 16.3
2007 6.8 9.7 15.0
2008 5.5 6.9 12.5
2009 5.4 7.3 12.0
2011 4.7 7.6 10.6
2012 3.8 5.2 8.1
2013 3.8 6.0 7.7
2014 2.7 4.1 6.1
2015 3.3 4.6 7.7
New PNADC
2012 3.6 6.3 7.8
2013 2.9 4.9 6.4
2014 2.5 4.2 5.4
2015 3.0 5.3 6.4
2016 3.9 6.1 8.5
2017 4.4 7.0 10.0
2018 4.4 7.5 10.0
Chile
National Region 1 Region 2
1987 11.4 8.5 8.5
1990 7.9 2.9 5.7
1992 4.7 4.5 3.8
1994 4.9 3.9 3.3
1996 3.4 2.6 2.2
1998 3.5 2.9 1.9
2000 4.7 5.1 2.7

2003 4.7 2.7 4.4
2006 1.5 2.3 0.2

2009 1.3 0.8 0.5
2011 0.6 0.7 0.3
2013 0.4 0.2 0.2
2015 0.3 0.6 0.3
2017 0.3 0.5 0.3
Colombia
National Atlántica Oriental
ECH-National
2001 20.1 17.8 18.6
2002 13.1 17.9 13.9
2003 11.0 6.8 12.3
2004 11.1 12.8 10.4
2005 9.9 13.3 9.5
GEIH-National
2008 10.6 16.9 8.9
2009 9.1 12.8 7.5
2010 7.9 11.7 6.2
2011 6.4 8.8 5.2
2012 6.3 8.4 4.8
2013 5.8 7.1 5.2
2014 5.2 6.0 5.0
2015 4.7 5.0 4.2
2016 4.7 5.3 4.7
2017 4.0 5.1 4.0
2018 4.2 5.0 3.7
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 10.4 7.1 24.7
1990 10.2 6.3 25.1
1991 11.8 8.4 24.6
1992 9.7 6.6 17.8
1993 8.1 5.8 14.8
1994 6.8 3.8 16.6
1995 7.0 4.8 13.2
1996 8.1 5.1 15.2
1997 6.6 3.9 14.0
1998 5.1 2.8 12.7
1999 6.6 4.1 15.5
2000 6.7 3.8 14.2
2001 7.3 4.4 15.5
With Implicit Rent
2001 4.9 2.4 11.9
2002 4.6 2.3 13.3
2003 4.5 2.3 12.0
2004 4.4 2.3 11.5
2005 3.2 1.8 6.5
2006 3.2 1.8 10.1
2007 1.8 1.1 5.4
2008 2.3 1.4 5.4
2009 2.4 1.5 4.8
ENAHO
2010 2.8 1.4 5.7
2010 1.6 0.7 3.2
2011 1.7 1.0 2.6
2012 1.7 1.1 2.2
2013 1.6 0.8 2.6
2014 1.5 0.8 2.5
2015 1.5 0.7 2.7
2016 1.3 0.7 1.7
2017 1.1 0.6 1.3
2018 1.5 1.0 1.8
Dominican Rep.
National Ozama Cibao Norte
2000 5.5 2.2 1.8
2001 3.9 1.4 2.1
2002 5.6 1.9 3.0
2003 6.7 3.0 4.3
2004 8.5 4.9 6.1
ENFT 3
2005 5.7 3.0 4.6
2006 4.4 1.9 3.2
2007 4.4 2.8 2.6
ENFT 4
2008 3.7 1.9 1.7
2009 3.2 1.5 3.2
2010 2.5 1.4 1.2
2011 2.9 2.2 2.2
2012 2.6 1.7 2.3
2013 2.2 1.6 1.3
2014 2.1 1.5 0.9
2015 1.8 1.3 0.6
2016 1.6 1.3 0.6
2017 0.7 1.1 0.2

2018 0.4 0.6 0.4
Ecuador
National Costa Sierra
ENEMDU
2003 14.5 13.2 14.8
2004 15.1 14.6 13.9
2005 11.9 12.2 10.2
2006 8.1 7.8 7.7
2007 8.5 8.5 7.0
2008 7.5 8.6 5.1
2009 7.2 8.0 4.9
2010 5.6 6.6 3.7
2011 4.7 5.8 2.9
2012 4.5 5.6 2.6
2013 3.2 3.0 2.6
2014 2.6 2.1 2.1
2015 3.5 3.1 2.4
2016 3.6 4.1 2.0
2017 3.2 3.5 2.1
2018 3.3 2.7 2.9
El Salvador
National Occidental Central 1
2000 12.4 18.5 13.6
2001 13.6 18.5 13.6
2002 14.1 19.6 14.3
2003 15.1 18.8 15.1
2004 11.0 13.4 10.0
2005 10.6 14.5 10.4
2006 7.1 9.1 7.9
2007 4.7 5.9 3.8
2008 7.0 9.0 7.8
2009 6.8 9.5 7.4
2010 5.7 8.4 5.9
2011 4.7 6.2 4.7
2012 4.2 5.5 4.4
2013 3.4 4.6 3.5
2014 3.1 4.1 2.8
2015 2.0 2.5 1.6
2016 2.3 2.8 2.2
2017 1.9 2.3 1.9
2018 1.5 2.4 1.4
Guatemala
National Urbano Metropolitano Resto Urbano
ENCOVI
2000 9.3 2.2 5.8
2006 11.2 0.7 6.1
2011 10.8 1.9 8.1
2014 8.8 1.6 5.6
ENEI
2002 18.5 2.5 10.8
2003 16.6 2.3 6.8
2004 14.5 5.6 10.7
Honduras
National Metropolitana Norte
DGEC
1991 37.6 19.6 35.1
1992 33.2 16.9 28.9
1993 28.4 13.1 24.6
1994 30.3 13.7 25.6
1995 30.9 13.2 28.4
1996 32.8 13.4 26.0
1997 22.6 8.4 18.8
1998 18.1 5.1 16.8
1999 15.8 5.9 18.8
INE
2001 22.0 4.5 14.0
2002 23.9 3.8 18.5
2003 28.5 6.2 21.0
2004 27.7 6.5 20.1
2005 27.1 4.3 19.7
2006 23.0 3.1 14.7
2007 17.6 2.1 11.8
2008 16.9 3.1 8.2
2009 14.2 1.2 7.2
2010 15.6 2.1 8.0
2011 17.4 4.5 12.5
2012 20.1 5.3 16.8
2013 17.7 3.8 12.4
2014 16.4 4.2 12.1
2015 16.6 3.5 11.5
2016 18.4 3.7 12.1
2017 17.6 2.7 10.7
2018 16.9 3.4 11.0
Mexico
National Noroeste Norte
1989 9.2 5.7 7.9
1992 7.5 4.1 6.5
1994 7.5 3.6 7.2
1996 18.2 7.3 18.8
1998 12.9 4.2 10.3
2000 9.0 2.7 5.0
2002 6.6 3.3 4.5
2004 6.0 3.0 4.5
2005 6.6 3.7 4.7
2006 4.2 2.2 2.7
2008 5.4 3.1 4.6
2010 4.5 2.6 4.0
2012 3.8 3.5 2.1
2014 3.7 1.6 3.7
2016 2.2 1.0 1.8

2018 1.7 0.6 1.3
Nicaragua
National Managua Pacífico
1993 36.7 21.8 35.6
1998 24.5 10.3 24.4
2001 16.9 6.9 13.6
2005 8.5 2.4 4.5
2009 7.4 2.3 6.0
2014 3.4 0.8 2.1
Panama
National Oriental Metropolitana
1989 23.7 70.8 12.3
1991 21.6 47.5 14.6
1995 16.1 59.1 7.3
1997 14.8 49.8 8.6
1998 14.9 59.6 7.3
1999 13.2 54.0 6.3
2000 12.4 39.0 7.2
2001 15.5 50.9 8.4
2002 11.2 29.4 6.0
2003 11.1 41.7 5.9
2004 10.1 25.5 4.4
2005 9.9 20.9 4.5
2006 10.5 41.9 4.7
2007 7.8 17.1 3.0
2008 7.5 37.1 2.3
With Implicit Rent
2008 5.2 34.8 1.1
2009 3.2 2.0 0.9
2010 4.5 28.3 1.6
2011 3.0 16.7 0.7
2012 4.1 10.9 0.7
2013 2.8 12.9 0.5
2014 3.5 9.4 1.0
2015 2.0 9.0 0.6
2016 2.2 4.8 0.5
2017 2.5 0.8 0.9
2018 1.7 0.5 0.2
Paraguay
National Asuncion Central Urbano
1995 11.9 1.0 0.7
1997 10.4 0.2 0.8
1999 9.9 0.9 1.4
2001 8.6 0.9 0.5
2002 12.8 1.6 4.6
2003 7.8 1.8 2.9
2004 5.4 0.8 1.6
2005 5.8 1.3 1.7
2006 7.6 0.6 2.4
2007 7.4 1.7 2.2
2008 3.9 0.0 0.5
2009 5.4 2.9 0.5
2010 5.2 1.1 0.6
2011 4.6 1.0 1.6
2012 3.2 0.0 0.2
2013 1.7 0.5 0.3
2014 2.2 0.4 0.5
2015 1.7 0.0 0.1
2016 1.5 0.0 0.0
2017 1.0 0.3 0.2
2018 1.4 0.0 0.0
Peru
National Costa Urbana Sierra Urbana
ENAHO 1
1997 17.4 4.9 7.5
1998 16.4 5.1 9.0
1999 17.0 5.5 7.8
2000 16.4 5.7 4.4
ENAHO 2
2001 17.4 6.0 11.3
2002 15.2 3.3 7.8
2003 13.1 6.3 7.8
ENAHO 3
2003 12.0 5.9 7.8
2004 13.6 3.5 8.3
2005 15.5 3.3 8.4
2006 13.5 3.1 7.2
2007 11.1 1.9 6.1
2008 9.1 2.0 5.4
2009 7.1 1.8 3.7
2010 5.5 1.2 2.8
2011 5.2 1.2 2.5
2012 4.8 0.8 1.7
2013 4.4 1.3 1.8
2014 3.7 0.6 1.4
2015 3.6 0.7 1.4
2016 3.5 0.6 1.3
2017 3.4 0.6 1.3
2018 2.7 0.4 1.3
Uruguay
National Montevideo Interior Norte
Urban
1989 0.6 0.2 3.0
1992 0.5 0.3 1.6
1995 0.4 0.3 0.9
1996 0.5 0.3 1.3
1997 0.5 0.3 1.6
1998 0.6 0.5 1.5
2000 0.5 0.2 2.1
2001 0.4 0.2 1.6
2002 0.5 0.4 1.3
2003 0.7 0.5 0.8
2004 0.8 0.7 1.5
2005 0.7 0.7 1.2
2006 0.8 0.8 1.0
National
2006 0.5 0.4 0.6
2007 0.3 0.3 0.4
2008 0.2 0.3 0.1
2009 0.2 0.2 0.2
2010 0.2 0.2 0.3
2011 0.1 0.2 0.1
2012 0.2 0.2 0.1
2013 0.2 0.2 0.1
2014 0.1 0.1 0.1
2015 0.1 0.1 0.1
2016 0.1 0.1 0.1
2017 0.1 0.1 0.0
2018 0.1 0.1 0.2
Cuyo NOA Patagonia NEA
9.2 12.6 3.7 17.3

8.3 13.6 4.4 13.6
6.3 10.5 4.1 12.2
6.2 9.7 2.8 11.7
5.6 8.4 1.9 9.9
5.2 8.3 1.9 11.3
4.4 7.8 2.3 9.9
3.8 6.7 2.1 9.6
4.7 5.7 1.6 9.0
3.7 6.0 1.8 8.0
3.5 5.8 1.3 7.2
4.0 5.6 2.2 7.2
3.8 4.0 1.9 7.1
4.1 4.1 2.3 7.3
3.6 4.3 1.8 6.0
1.5 1.4 0.9 2.2
1.7 1.3 0.8 2.4
0.9 1.4 0.5 1.4
1.0 0.9 0.9 1.7
1.0 0.9 0.8 1.5
0.5 1.0 0.6 1.2
1.1 1.1 0.6 1.4
1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.8 0.6 0.8
0.7 1.2 0.6 0.5
1.1 0.5 0.8 0.8
0.6 0.9 0.5 1.1
0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.9 0.8 1.6
Cochabamba Oruro Potosí Tarija

21.3 24.0 18.8 26.2
24.8 16.8 46.2 27.7
29.0 45.8 60.7 23.5
23.4 23.3 44.5 15.5
29.8 25.8 41.7 16.1
24.3 19.3 39.2 14.8
23.9 9.0 29.0 12.1
8.8 12.8 39.6 10.7
5.9 7.7 29.8 4.3
5.3 2.5 32.5 0.1
4.0 4.6 25.9 0.0
6.7 2.6 19.3 1.3
6.4 5.8 19.2 2.8
8.5 5.2 27.8 2.6
6.2 5.4 19.3 2.2
3.6 4.3 15.4 1.2
Sudeste Sur Centro-Oeste
10.9 11.7 16.0

10.6 9.2 12.9
5.5 6.4 8.1
5.1 6.5 7.9
5.0 5.8 7.2
4.8 6.1 6.0
4.8 6.7 6.8
5.7 5.5 7.3
4.6 4.3 6.3
5.2 4.5 6.9
4.4 3.8 4.8
4.4 3.8 4.8

3.7 3.4 4.8
2.8 2.7 3.7
2.7 2.4 3.2
2.3 1.8 3.0
2.2 1.9 2.8
1.8 1.5 1.8
1.8 1.3 1.5
1.9 1.4 1.9
1.2 0.8 0.8
1.3 1.1 1.3
1.6 1.0 1.4

1.3 0.7 1.1
1.1 0.8 1.0
1.3 0.9 1.4
1.8 1.0 1.6
1.9 1.2 1.6
1.8 1.2 1.7
Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6

6.2 10.4 9.9 10.5
4.4 10.4 9.8 10.9
2.8 4.8 4.5 4.0
5.2 5.1 3.7 6.0
4.1 4.4 2.3 3.4
4.1 3.4 2.7 2.9
6.7 5.7 4.1 4.2

5.6 5.0 4.8 4.0
1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

1.9 1.8 1.1 0.8
0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4
0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2
0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Central Pacífica Bogotá
26.3 23.5 11.5

12.6 14.9 4.2
14.7 16.2 4.5
12.0 15.3 5.5
12.9 10.8 3.1
10.4 13.0 2.1

9.0 12.5 2.1
7.3 11.6 1.8
6.3 10.0 1.1
6.1 10.3 1.3
5.4 9.6 1.1
5.0 8.0 1.4
4.9 7.4 1.4
4.2 7.3 1.7
3.3 6.1 1.6
3.8 6.6 1.7

14.1 16.7 7.5 13.7
14.2 23.0 6.1 15.0
15.3 19.6 10.5 12.7
11.9 20.9 8.8 11.9
10.5 16.4 6.1 9.7
7.2 15.6 6.8 9.1
6.2 15.3 6.5 10.0
6.4 16.8 10.5 13.7
7.0 11.8 9.8 10.8
6.1 11.0 5.6 7.1
8.4 13.8 6.8 6.9
7.4 16.0 8.5 9.1
11.5 18.0 7.4 10.3
8.3 12.6 5.3 7.9

5.6 12.4 5.8 3.8
3.5 10.0 7.5 6.1
5.0 9.8 5.7 8.7
5.2 6.5 5.2 4.6
2.5 6.3 4.0 3.9
1.2 2.9 2.7 1.4
2.3 4.4 3.2 2.9
1.2 5.4 3.9 3.9
3.6 6.6 4.9 6.0

2.7 3.4 2.8 4.3
2.2 3.0 4.5 2.7
1.2 4.1 3.5 2.1
2.2 4.5 3.4 3.2
2.2 3.1 2.3 3.1
1.9 3.1 2.3 4.7
1.8 1.9 1.9 3.7
2.0 1.6 2.3 2.0
1.3 2.0 2.9 2.8
Cibao Sur Cibao Nordeste Cibao Noroeste Valdesia
5.3 2.4 11.9 10.2
3.7 2.8 8.4 5.3
6.7 4.3 5.3 10.7
7.7 3.3 10.9 10.1
5.7 5.8 15.6 12.7
6.2 3.8 7.6 7.0

2.7 3.7 6.0 5.9
3.5 4.7 8.9 6.3
3.5 4.8 9.1 4.3

3.7 3.9 4.8 4.6
1.7 3.0 5.5 3.0
2.3 4.0 4.0 2.9
2.1 2.8 3.9 3.9
1.4 1.3 4.1 2.5
1.8 1.3 3.9 2.8
0.3 2.0 2.7 2.8
0.8 1.7 1.8 2.8
0.0 1.0 0.3 1.0

0.5 0.0 1.2 0.1
Oriente
24.2
31.3
26.9
15.1
24.6
20.5
23.0
16.1
12.2
13.6
10.9
12.8
15.9
14.5
11.6
13.0
Central 2 Oriental AMSS

19.7 17.1 2.2
19.2 20.4 4.2
21.8 19.1 4.9
24.9 22.3 5.0
18.0 16.1 4.1
17.9 14.1 3.8
10.4 9.7 2.7
8.6 7.4 0.6
11.0 9.5 1.5
9.5 9.5 1.2
6.2 8.5 1.1
6.4 7.3 0.9
5.8 6.9 0.5
4.9 4.4 1.0
4.9 4.8 0.5
3.1 3.1 0.5
3.5 3.7 0.6
2.6 3.0 0.4
1.7 2.2 0.3
Resto Rural
12.6
17.9
15.7
13.4
25.5
24.0
19.4
Occidente Sur Oriente Central
53.6 47.3 45.0 39.8

44.2 50.0 44.1 37.7
41.0 39.9 39.8 31.9
49.7 32.5 41.9 35.6
45.0 39.2 46.7 37.8
48.4 48.1 42.7 46.2
36.6 44.9 19.7 29.9

22.6 30.3 21.0 29.3
14.8 21.2 17.7 25.6
40.1 25.0 32.1 36.6

44.5 38.8 24.5 32.0
47.1 32.1 40.6 40.7
46.0 35.7 39.8 37.8
42.3 32.3 46.3 36.5
43.5 29.6 35.3 32.0
34.7 23.1 22.7 23.5
35.7 22.0 23.2 23.7
30.3 13.3 20.1 23.6
24.8 22.7 25.9 26.1
24.1 19.6 25.5 27.7
27.0 27.2 31.0 25.5
27.1 24.2 30.8 22.1
29.8 11.4 28.2 25.5
29.5 16.9 28.7 24.0
33.1 22.6 27.5 30.7
31.5 23.3 28.0 25.0
33.1 17.7 24.8 22.7
Noreste Centro-occidente Centro-este Sur

4.5 10.8 6.2 18.5
2.2 5.1 6.3 19.1
1.9 4.5 5.1 20.3
8.8 18.0 13.7 40.3
3.7 8.7 11.8 33.7
1.9 5.8 5.6 29.6
1.5 3.9 4.4 20.8
1.7 3.6 3.8 19.1
1.7 6.0 4.9 18.4
0.8 3.6 2.2 15.6
1.3 4.7 3.6 17.5
0.9 3.5 2.2 17.2
1.3 3.4 2.1 14.0
0.8 1.8 2.1 16.1
0.7 1.1 1.0 9.4

0.4 0.7 0.7 7.7
Central Atlántico
53.7 44.1
32.3 37.2
24.4 26.9
14.5 13.6
10.4 12.1
6.0 3.5
Central Occidental
47.4 22.9
38.9 17.4
33.1 17.9
26.2 16.2
30.0 14.9
27.8 11.5
24.5 11.0
22.3 23.3
15.4 18.8
11.8 20.5
14.6 19.5
14.3 19.5
12.1 21.3
10.1 18.2
8.6 17.6
5.1 13.2
3.0 10.6
4.1 10.1
2.0 8.7
1.3 15.5
2.2 8.5
1.6 11.8
0.8 6.2
1.5 7.6
1.6 8.5
1.3 6.6
Central Rural Resto Urbano Resto Rural
1.7 5.9 22.9
0.9 5.4 21.0
3.9 4.6 19.9
2.2 4.4 17.6
10.5 7.7 23.0
3.7 5.2 13.9
1.8 5.3 9.0
1.0 4.2 10.9
4.2 5.3 14.2
2.2 3.8 15.0
2.5 2.1 8.3
2.1 3.4 10.9
1.2 1.9 12.0
4.7 2.2 9.2
1.0 1.2 7.5
1.4 1.3 3.3
1.5 1.5 4.5
0.8 0.9 3.9
0.0 0.9 3.7
0.0 0.3 2.4
3.4 1.0 2.9
Selva Urbana Costa Rural Sierra Rural Selva Rural
8.6 25.6 47.0 34.1

8.0 21.7 45.3 25.7
8.5 23.4 46.7 32.1
3.7 21.1 46.1 41.1
8.5 16.9 48.7 31.2

6.3 16.3 47.6 31.4
8.6 11.9 41.9 19.5
4.2 12.6 35.2 21.6

4.9 15.0 42.2 35.0
6.8 14.2 48.3 36.6
7.7 14.7 44.1 33.0
4.8 12.8 40.3 22.2
4.4 5.5 32.3 22.1
3.4 5.7 23.3 22.6
2.5 4.5 20.0 15.2
2.3 6.1 19.8 11.5
2.3 5.6 19.0 13.4
1.7 5.7 16.8 12.8
2.7 6.6 14.4 11.0
2.2 5.7 14.0 12.8
1.7 5.5 13.7 13.6
2.0 6.0 13.4 13.9
2.6 2.3 10.2 12.0
Interior Centro Norte Interior Centro Sur Interior Sur
1.0 0.4 0.3

0.4 0.5 0.5
1.0 0.3 0.3
0.7 0.3 0.4
1.0 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.3 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.9
0.7 0.6 0.1
0.8 0.4 0.4
1.5 0.7 0.5
0.9 0.9 0.6
0.8 0.5 0.5
0.8 1.1 0.6
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.4 0.2 0.3
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
Santa Cruz Beni Pando
6.2 21.5 12.3
10.8 8.9 19.4
13.2 18.0 9.6
12.4 11.3 12.2
11.7 13.9 1.3
6.4 19.0 7.8
4.5 5.1 3.7
4.8 2.8 0.3
1.7 4.3 5.3
2.6 4.7 7.1
0.6 1.3 4.4
1.3 1.8 4.6
1.4 4.5 2.6
2.5 3.1 6.8
1.3 5.1 4.8
1.0 3.7 1.9
11.3 17.2 21.3 16.6
9.8 10.9 14.2 8.6
7.0 9.2 7.4 5.5
9.1 8.4 7.3 5.7
5.6 6.8 7.8 4.6
4.2 6.1 7.0 6.1
5.7 6.7 9.8 5.6

5.7 7.4 8.9 5.2
2.2 2.8 3.6 1.6

1.5 1.8 3.1 0.9
0.7 0.9 1.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3
0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2
El Valle Enriquillo Higuamo Yuma
26.6 10.3 7.9 4.4
14.3 12.6 6.4 3.7
25.3 11.5 8.8 5.5
17.9 22.3 10.7 6.0
23.0 28.6 8.0 7.8
10.2 16.2 10.2 6.5

9.8 17.7 9.3 3.7
6.2 13.9 5.6 3.5
10.9 9.1 5.0 4.7

6.2 6.3 4.3 2.7
7.8 6.7 4.7 2.1
5.4 5.8 5.2 2.5
4.0 7.0 4.1 1.3
3.9 6.7 3.5 2.8
5.0 4.6 2.8 3.2
4.3 6.7 2.2 2.3
4.2 4.7 2.1 1.7
1.2 0.5 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.9 0.0 0.3
Oriente Peninsula de Yucatan
12.3 8.9
9.3 6.6
15.7 8.0
23.6 27.9
17.4 16.9
16.7 16.3
11.6 9.2
11.2 5.6
8.8 6.8
5.0 4.5
6.6 3.5
6.0 3.6
3.5 3.6
3.6 3.2
2.9 1.4
3.8 1.3
Lima Metropolitana
1.5
2.0
2.2
0.4
3.5
1.9
0.9
1.8
1.0
3.2
1.4
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
2.5 3.9 8.6
3.8 4.0 5.3
3.6 1.9 2.8
6.1 1.3 2.9
2.7 1.7 1.4
0.9 0.7 2.1
2.9 1.6 3.4

4.2 0.8 3.2
0.4 0.9 0.9

1.1 1.0 1.0 1.7
0.4 0.6 0.4 0.9
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1
Region 15 Region 16
1.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.1 0.3
Poverty
Headcount ratio
By region
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 18.0 14.9 17.8
2004-I 15.7 12.6 14.8
2004-II 14.4 11.7 13.5
2005-I 13.0 10.2 13.0
2005-II 11.6 9.1 11.3
2006-I 10.7 8.4 10.1
2006-II 9.6 7.6 8.8
2007-I 8.6 6.0 8.3
2007-II 8.0 6.5 6.3
2008-I 8.4 7.1 6.7
2008-II 7.9 6.4 7.2
2009-I 7.6 5.8 7.0
2009-II 7.1 5.4 6.7
2010-I 7.1 5.4 7.0
2010-II 6.6 5.0 6.2
2011-I 4.0 3.3 3.6
2011-II 3.3 2.3 3.3
2012-I 3.4 3.2 3.0
2012-II 3.5 3.2 3.2
2013-I 2.9 2.3 3.1
2013-II 3.2 3.1 2.7
2014-I 3.5 3.0 3.5
2014-II 3.6 3.5 3.2
2015-I 3.0 2.9 3.0
2016-II 3.6 3.6 3.6
2017-I 4.3 4.8 4.1
2017-II 3.2 3.4 3.0
2018-I 3.1 3.2 3.3
2018-II 4.0 4.2 3.6
Bolivia
1997 31.9 57.2 35.8
1999 38.1 64.0 43.3
2000 41.3 62.5 42.3
2001 36.1 62.2 36.2
2002 38.2 61.2 43.2
2005 32.0 52.3 34.6
2006 28.5 48.6 36.2
2007 26.3 42.0 30.3
2011 13.9 29.1 14.7
2012 14.6 32.8 16.4
2013 12.2 32.9 16.0
2014 12.1 21.9 14.5
2015 11.6 27.0 10.9
2016 12.5 21.2 10.0
2017 11.6 25.7 11.5
2018 10.5 21.0 12.8
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 36.7 47.9 61.6
1993 35.8 44.5 62.3
1995 24.1 29.1 46.5
1996 23.8 30.0 47.2
1997 24.0 32.6 47.8
1998 22.2 31.9 43.6
1999 23.3 31.2 45.4
2001 23.3 29.9 44.7
2002 22.3 29.9 43.6
2003 23.3 30.7 45.4
2004 21.0 25.5 41.9
With Rural North
2004 21.4 29.6 41.8
2005 19.6 27.5 38.5
2006 17.0 24.3 34.3
2007 15.6 23.4 31.6
2008 13.4 19.1 27.7
2009 12.4 18.4 25.6
2011 10.2 17.7 21.5
2012 8.6 14.8 17.8
2013 8.2 14.1 16.5
2014 6.8 12.2 14.3
2015 7.9 13.2 17.0
New PNADC
2012 8.9 16.2 18.5
2013 7.7 14.2 16.3
2014 6.8 13.1 14.2
2015 7.5 14.4 15.5
2016 8.8 16.6 18.3
2017 9.1 15.9 19.2
2018 9.1 16.4 19.2
Chile
1987 28.4 23.7 21.3
1990 22.2 13.5 15.9
1992 16.3 12.8 12.8
1994 15.2 9.5 12.0
1996 12.2 9.6 7.2
1998 11.1 9.7 6.1
2000 12.7 11.6 5.2

2003 11.6 9.2 7.7
2006 5.4 6.3 2.7

2009 4.0 4.2 0.9
2011 2.6 2.3 1.0
2013 1.3 0.7 0.4
2015 1.0 0.8 0.9
2017 0.7 0.6 0.6
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 37.7 39.7 39.9
2002 28.3 37.8 29.0
2003 25.0 23.1 27.0
2004 25.3 31.7 27.8
2005 21.9 30.8 21.6
GEIH-National
2008 22.7 35.2 20.0
2009 20.8 31.2 16.9
2010 18.7 27.7 15.1
2011 16.6 24.5 13.4
2012 15.7 22.4 13.1
2013 14.4 20.2 13.0
2014 13.4 18.0 12.8
2015 12.1 16.0 10.9
2016 12.0 16.8 11.3
2017 11.1 15.6 10.3
2018 11.1 15.6 10.0
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 20.4 14.2 40.0
1990 19.7 13.1 41.6
1991 23.7 17.8 43.7
1992 20.5 15.6 34.9
1993 16.4 11.5 31.5
1994 13.9 8.8 31.1
1995 14.5 10.0 27.6
1996 17.0 11.0 29.9
1997 14.1 8.6 29.2
1998 11.4 6.8 25.7
1999 13.4 8.3 27.8
2000 13.9 8.4 29.6
2001 14.5 9.1 28.2
With Implicit Rent
2001 10.9 5.9 23.2
2002 10.0 5.5 22.2
2003 9.8 5.3 21.1
2004 9.3 5.0 19.5
2005 8.0 4.6 17.4
2006 7.8 4.7 18.8
2007 5.4 3.2 12.7
2008 5.3 3.1 10.1
2009 5.7 3.6 11.1
ENAHO
2010 6.6 3.6 13.1
2010 4.2 2.1 8.9
2011 4.4 2.5 7.2
2012 4.3 2.4 8.2
2013 4.2 1.9 8.5
2014 4.0 2.3 7.0
2015 4.1 2.1 5.7
2016 3.8 2.1 6.1
2017 2.9 1.5 3.6
2018 3.7 2.1 4.3
Dominican Rep.
2000 12.9 5.2 6.6
2001 12.3 4.7 8.1
2002 14.0 6.4 9.2
2003 17.1 8.9 11.0
2004 22.5 14.0 17.4
ENFT 3
2005 16.4 10.1 13.0
2006 13.8 7.2 9.9
2007 13.3 9.0 10.2
ENFT 4
2008 13.7 7.9 8.7
2009 12.3 7.8 10.3
2010 12.0 9.1 8.5
2011 10.4 6.4 7.4
2012 11.1 8.0 8.0
2013 10.1 7.3 6.1
2014 7.8 5.2 5.0
2015 6.4 3.9 3.6
2016 5.9 4.5 3.2
2017 3.8 4.2 2.5

2018 2.6 2.3 2.1
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 30.2 25.7 33.0
2004 31.9 28.5 33.4
2005 25.4 23.9 25.2
2006 19.8 17.6 20.6
2007 19.2 17.9 18.4
2008 18.2 18.2 16.7
2009 17.2 17.7 15.0
2010 14.8 15.4 12.6
2011 12.2 13.5 9.3
2012 11.5 12.9 8.7
2013 10.1 8.9 9.9
2014 8.6 6.9 8.6
2015 9.4 8.5 8.2
2016 9.4 9.1 7.7
2017 8.7 8.6 7.0
2018 9.7 8.5 8.7
El Salvador
2000 24.3 34.0 25.7
2001 26.0 34.2 27.0
2002 26.2 34.0 27.8
2003 27.2 35.4 28.9
2004 22.9 28.1 22.3
2005 23.1 29.9 23.4
2006 19.2 26.3 20.0
2007 15.3 17.6 15.3
2008 19.8 24.4 22.1
2009 19.4 24.9 21.3
2010 18.3 24.9 19.4
2011 16.7 21.9 16.9
2012 14.7 17.6 15.4
2013 12.7 15.8 13.1
2014 12.4 14.8 13.6
2015 10.2 12.7 9.6
2016 10.7 13.8 11.7
2017 8.7 10.1 9.3
2018 8.0 11.5 7.5
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 22.4 4.2 15.0
2006 24.3 1.9 16.1
2011 26.9 3.8 21.7
2014 24.4 3.6 18.3
ENEI
2002 31.9 5.3 21.5
2003 28.3 5.6 17.3
2004 29.7 11.7 23.7
Honduras
DGEC
1991 59.9 39.0 59.3
1992 55.7 33.1 51.3
1993 49.3 26.9 48.2
1994 48.9 28.6 41.8
1995 51.0 29.7 50.2
1996 51.3 28.5 45.3
1997 40.7 20.0 36.3
1998 34.0 15.7 31.7
1999 31.3 13.0 35.1
INE
2001 35.9 9.4 28.0
2002 40.8 12.8 35.5
2003 45.6 15.2 38.0
2004 44.6 16.3 36.7
2005 42.0 12.5 34.1
2006 37.3 9.5 27.5
2007 32.6 6.4 24.2
2008 30.9 8.1 19.9
2009 27.8 3.8 18.7
2010 29.9 5.9 19.7
2011 32.3 11.1 25.1
2012 36.8 12.5 33.7
2013 33.5 10.9 26.6
2014 32.9 11.9 25.9
2015 32.9 11.2 25.5
2016 33.3 8.7 25.9
2017 32.1 6.8 25.9
2018 30.6 8.8 24.4
Mexico
1989 24.0 12.2 22.8
1992 20.5 12.6 19.6
1994 20.3 11.8 22.6
1996 36.4 18.4 36.8
1998 27.6 13.1 23.5
2000 21.0 10.0 15.0
2002 18.8 10.7 14.4
2004 15.8 8.0 13.9
2005 16.0 9.1 13.5
2006 13.0 6.8 11.0
2008 14.4 8.3 12.8
2010 12.6 7.4 13.1
2012 12.1 7.7 8.9
2014 11.8 5.9 10.7
2016 7.8 3.6 6.3

2018 6.5 2.3 4.9
Nicaragua
1993 57.1 41.1 56.8
1998 46.2 26.0 49.4
2001 38.2 20.3 34.8
2005 27.4 13.0 21.6
2009 23.0 10.7 20.5
2014 13.1 4.4 9.7
Panama
1989 34.3 76.7 21.7
1991 31.1 62.2 21.5
1995 24.5 66.0 13.5
1997 23.1 58.3 14.1
1998 23.4 71.3 13.2
1999 21.0 65.2 11.0
2000 20.1 52.7 11.7
2001 24.9 66.2 14.6
2002 21.6 52.3 12.6
2003 20.5 62.8 10.9
2004 19.6 54.6 10.3
2005 18.6 45.7 9.4
2006 19.0 54.9 9.1
2007 16.5 51.7 6.8
2008 14.7 45.0 5.6
With Implicit Rent
2008 11.8 43.4 3.8
2009 9.5 14.4 3.3
2010 10.7 46.1 3.7
2011 8.6 35.0 2.2
2012 10.0 33.9 2.8
2013 8.1 33.8 2.0
2014 8.3 28.4 2.5
2015 6.7 26.8 1.9
2016 7.0 16.5 1.6
2017 6.3 7.8 2.0
2018 5.2 9.4 1.2
Paraguay
1995 22.7 2.5 3.1
1997 19.2 0.8 2.3
1999 19.3 1.5 2.4
2001 17.6 1.4 2.4
2002 25.9 5.4 10.0
2003 18.7 5.4 7.4
2004 16.2 3.6 6.9
2005 13.8 3.0 4.7
2006 18.7 4.3 7.9
2007 16.0 3.5 5.9
2008 13.3 2.2 3.3
2009 13.4 3.7 2.0
2010 12.7 3.7 2.8
2011 12.3 2.7 4.1
2012 9.1 1.7 1.4
2013 6.3 1.3 1.5
2014 6.8 1.3 1.4
2015 6.6 1.1 0.6
2016 6.7 1.7 1.2
2017 5.2 1.4 1.5
2018 5.8 1.2 0.5
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 52.8 41.1 48.2
1998 53.0 46.5 50.7
1999 54.3 47.7 45.2
2000 52.6 47.0 39.6
ENAHO 2
2001 55.3 48.1 54.1
2002 50.7 42.3 45.9
2003 52.5 41.0 54.1
ENAHO 3
2003 50.1 38.9 46.6
2004 50.0 41.1 48.9
2005 52.5 40.7 50.0
2006 46.6 35.1 44.2
2007 41.3 29.5 38.7
2008 37.6 26.2 35.8
2009 35.6 24.2 31.0
2010 31.5 20.1 27.0
2011 29.5 18.7 22.3
2012 26.9 16.8 20.8
2013 26.3 17.9 20.3
2014 25.3 15.4 21.1
2015 24.4 15.0 20.2
2016 24.6 14.3 21.5
2017 24.2 13.7 22.0
2018 22.4 12.2 20.0
Uruguay
Urban
1989 2.8 1.4 9.8
1992 2.3 1.2 6.0
1995 2.1 1.0 6.8
1996 2.3 1.4 6.1
1997 2.1 1.2 5.3
1998 2.1 1.7 5.8
2000 2.1 1.1 7.6
2001 2.5 1.3 8.4
2002 3.3 2.3 7.1
2003 4.4 3.6 7.0
2004 5.8 4.7 8.9
2005 4.7 4.5 6.9
2006 4.1 3.7 6.5
National
2006 3.7 3.1 5.9
2007 3.0 2.9 4.8
2008 1.8 1.9 2.7
2009 1.8 1.9 2.5
2010 1.3 1.5 2.3
2011 1.0 1.0 2.1
2012 1.1 1.4 1.6
2013 0.9 1.0 1.2
2014 0.7 0.7 0.9
2015 0.7 0.7 0.9
2016 0.6 0.5 1.0
2017 0.4 0.4 0.4
2018 0.4 0.4 0.5
21.0 28.5 9.7 33.3

18.4 28.2 10.7 30.1
16.7 25.1 7.6 29.1
15.4 22.0 7.6 26.5
14.1 20.9 5.3 23.2
12.0 18.6 5.3 23.7
10.1 17.3 5.4 21.6
10.1 17.2 4.5 21.8
8.6 14.8 3.8 20.7
9.4 15.2 4.2 18.5
8.4 14.4 4.6 17.1
9.5 14.5 5.4 16.0
9.9 12.3 4.3 16.3
9.5 11.3 4.8 16.2
9.0 11.1 3.6 16.0
4.5 6.3 2.5 9.7
4.8 6.6 2.1 7.2
3.7 5.0 1.7 5.4
4.2 4.5 2.2 5.9
2.5 4.6 1.8 7.0
2.5 4.4 1.4 6.1
3.8 4.7 2.1 5.6
4.1 4.2 1.8 6.4
2.5 3.7 1.8 4.1
3.0 4.5 1.5 3.7
3.7 3.7 1.9 3.4
2.8 3.2 1.6 3.6
3.1 3.3 1.5 3.0
3.2 4.0 2.2 6.0

31.0 40.4 38.2 40.0
31.9 36.8 61.8 41.0
41.4 57.2 67.0 42.8
35.5 44.0 61.5 27.2
41.7 44.2 61.8 31.2
34.1 32.9 57.2 35.5
35.1 20.3 44.9 24.3
24.9 29.1 55.5 22.0
11.8 18.3 40.8 8.6
12.2 11.7 40.3 0.7
9.4 8.3 35.0 1.5
10.3 7.0 34.2 4.9
12.7 11.7 28.7 6.9
14.9 12.2 39.4 5.3
11.8 12.6 29.2 6.2
8.3 13.4 28.4 3.9
23.5 25.7 33.8

23.3 22.1 29.5
12.6 15.0 19.2
11.6 14.2 19.0
11.4 15.0 17.5
11.2 13.9 16.0
11.7 15.1 18.6
12.7 13.3 18.0
11.9 11.4 16.1
12.8 11.4 17.5
11.5 10.1 14.0
11.5 10.1 13.9

10.2 9.0 13.2
8.3 7.7 10.4
7.4 6.6 9.2
6.3 5.8 7.9
5.9 4.9 7.1
4.3 3.8 4.5
4.0 2.9 4.2
4.0 2.9 3.9
3.1 2.3 2.4
3.4 2.8 3.2
4.3 2.8 4.0

3.5 2.2 3.5
3.1 2.0 3.3
3.4 2.2 3.8
4.0 2.8 3.8
4.2 2.8 3.9
4.3 2.8 3.9

22.7 32.8 24.7 29.4
17.5 27.3 25.5 26.3
12.1 20.5 16.2 16.1
15.9 18.2 13.3 19.0
13.2 15.4 11.9 15.3
12.8 13.9 8.3 12.1
16.2 15.2 11.1 13.3

14.8 13.6 12.6 10.1
3.3 6.4 5.0 4.2

6.3 4.5 3.6 2.6
2.0 2.8 2.9 1.2
0.7 1.8 1.2 1.1
0.9 1.4 0.8 0.8
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7
39.9 41.9 23.2

26.2 34.2 11.8
29.5 29.5 15.4
27.9 28.0 11.1
25.1 24.2 8.6
22.7 27.0 5.5

20.7 26.3 5.4
18.1 25.1 4.6
16.0 23.2 3.6
15.3 22.3 3.3
14.0 20.2 2.8
13.2 17.8 3.3
12.3 16.6 3.3
10.7 16.8 3.6
9.5 15.6 3.5
9.7 16.0 3.7

26.3 35.3 17.1 31.9
26.8 39.4 16.5 32.0
27.1 39.5 20.6 27.8
23.9 37.1 16.6 27.3
20.0 32.3 13.6 19.7
14.0 29.5 14.7 16.3
13.8 29.8 14.5 21.1
17.2 34.8 21.5 26.0
17.2 24.9 19.0 23.0
12.7 23.8 11.2 19.0
18.2 26.5 16.3 17.4
18.7 29.9 15.8 19.4
22.0 32.4 16.2 21.3
17.9 27.4 12.7 17.9

11.4 26.8 12.9 12.6
12.3 22.5 14.3 14.1
11.8 21.2 13.5 17.9
11.1 15.8 12.0 12.5
8.2 15.6 10.1 12.8
5.9 10.5 8.3 6.0
7.5 12.0 8.4 6.6
6.4 11.9 8.4 8.2
8.2 16.1 11.2 12.2

5.9 9.7 7.8 8.8
6.4 10.2 7.9 8.9
4.5 9.7 8.4 7.1
6.4 10.8 8.7 7.6
5.1 8.6 6.8 6.6
6.2 7.2 7.3 9.9
4.8 6.6 6.5 8.3
4.8 5.9 6.6 4.2
4.9 6.9 6.8 7.2
12.9 9.5 23.6 22.7
13.4 12.5 17.8 17.5
17.1 14.5 16.9 22.0
19.6 14.6 26.6 23.4
23.5 18.0 35.5 31.1
17.6 15.9 23.9 19.8

15.2 17.5 20.8 17.4
8.5 13.1 22.1 18.6
14.4 16.6 24.0 18.0

13.4 16.7 16.5 15.9
10.3 13.2 20.5 16.5
9.9 10.7 16.9 15.4
11.4 12.7 17.2 15.8
9.5 9.9 15.3 12.3
7.3 8.5 14.6 9.2
3.1 8.0 11.0 9.3
5.6 4.0 8.7 7.4
0.9 2.8 6.8 3.7

1.5 0.1 3.3 3.7
Oriente
44.1
48.9
41.5
32.3
40.3
32.9
36.7
30.2
29.8
26.5
20.4
23.7
29.0
28.2
26.0
27.4

35.3 34.5 6.8
38.1 35.3 10.0
38.7 35.4 10.5
41.4 37.3 10.2
35.5 31.4 9.4
34.4 29.7 11.2
26.6 25.4 8.1
23.0 23.1 4.3
30.5 25.8 5.8
25.4 26.0 6.7
22.4 25.3 5.3
21.3 22.6 5.9
20.4 21.4 4.7
18.4 17.2 4.5
18.7 17.8 3.3
14.9 14.9 3.2
13.3 15.5 2.9
10.8 12.4 3.1
9.1 10.5 3.0
Resto Rural
30.2
37.3
38.2
35.7
42.6
38.4
38.9
75.7 69.7 69.8 60.7

67.4 68.6 70.1 68.6
68.6 60.8 57.4 54.1
68.3 55.5 61.7 61.1
64.8 64.4 63.8 58.7
68.4 68.4 61.1 66.7
60.4 64.5 36.8 55.2

44.5 47.4 39.3 47.4
34.5 47.9 35.0 44.3
59.2 42.9 50.6 53.6

64.0 56.8 45.0 52.7
66.2 53.9 60.9 61.4
66.9 55.2 58.8 57.2
60.7 51.7 61.8 54.9
61.3 49.0 53.1 50.2
57.0 41.0 44.9 42.5
54.8 41.7 42.0 41.1
51.6 29.4 42.6 40.3
47.2 43.9 45.6 43.8
43.2 38.8 47.9 44.7
47.2 47.7 50.4 46.3
45.4 40.1 54.1 43.8
59.2 31.8 48.7 46.0
53.1 39.8 48.5 45.3
58.9 40.4 45.6 49.7
48.8 39.1 47.9 44.2
51.4 32.1 44.4 38.8

11.4 28.2 21.3 35.3
7.6 15.8 16.8 47.2
6.0 19.2 15.1 41.2
23.1 38.0 30.8 64.0
12.8 22.8 25.3 58.3
6.2 16.2 16.4 48.7
4.1 13.5 13.9 45.2
5.7 9.9 13.0 37.5
4.7 16.0 12.2 36.3
4.0 12.2 9.1 34.8
5.1 13.0 10.9 36.9
4.7 9.5 9.0 34.8
3.9 12.6 9.5 31.0
3.8 8.0 8.5 37.2
3.2 4.7 5.1 25.4

2.7 3.5 3.9 22.6
Central Atlántico
74.2 65.8
55.8 57.4
50.7 52.0
39.8 36.5
29.5 33.5
18.3 19.1
Central Occidental
59.1 36.0
53.1 28.3
45.2 29.1
38.7 28.3
40.9 28.6
40.0 23.4
36.6 23.7
35.8 36.6
31.1 33.1
27.5 34.2
28.0 31.7
27.6 31.9
26.3 34.8
23.7 32.9
21.4 30.8
15.7 27.0
13.4 23.5
13.6 23.9
9.4 22.6
8.7 28.5
8.3 22.1
7.7 23.3
5.2 19.6
5.1 23.5
5.5 19.7
5.2 16.9
4.8 12.8 42.2
1.9 15.1 35.5
9.1 13.3 36.5
10.0 10.8 34.0
28.5 18.9 42.9
12.9 13.7 31.6
11.0 14.0 26.4
10.1 13.7 22.1
9.5 14.3 32.3
6.1 11.0 29.5
6.5 9.6 25.2
3.3 8.4 27.1
5.8 6.5 26.5
11.2 7.2 23.6
4.0 4.6 19.7
3.6 4.1 12.8
2.3 3.8 14.7
2.3 3.9 14.7
5.5 3.6 14.4
1.3 3.0 11.1
3.4 4.4 12.3
45.6 77.6 88.6 79.9

50.1 75.7 87.0 79.3
48.6 76.9 88.8 86.2
43.6 76.9 91.2 85.4
54.7 78.8 91.7 83.2

54.5 73.7 90.3 86.8
63.8 76.4 91.2 89.0
58.3 71.1 89.0 87.8

57.0 70.0 90.6 89.9
59.4 71.0 90.1 89.0
54.4 67.3 89.4 85.9
42.3 60.5 87.3 79.9
35.2 53.5 83.2 74.6
34.9 50.1 78.8 75.3
27.9 45.5 76.7 66.1
26.6 42.6 74.4 60.6
24.3 41.6 70.7 60.3
24.2 38.6 67.6 63.3
24.7 39.4 65.9 64.5
24.6 39.8 65.3 64.0
23.7 39.4 66.2 64.4
23.4 35.5 66.9 66.3
22.8 32.2 61.9 63.4
5.2 3.7 1.8

3.6 1.8 2.0
4.5 1.7 0.9
4.3 2.6 1.3
4.0 2.6 1.4
3.2 1.1 0.7
2.9 3.1 1.4
5.1 2.7 1.3
5.1 3.3 3.4
7.3 4.3 3.7
8.9 6.5 5.3
6.2 5.3 2.2
5.1 4.6 3.0
4.8 4.1 2.8
3.5 2.4 1.8
2.2 1.3 1.2
2.4 1.3 0.9
1.4 0.6 0.6
1.1 0.6 0.5
1.1 0.7 0.3
0.8 0.6 0.3
0.8 0.6 0.3
1.0 0.7 0.3
0.9 0.5 0.4
0.5 0.2 0.1
0.4 0.3 0.2
16.2 34.3 20.4
20.4 23.5 30.3
21.0 30.9 17.0
23.8 27.4 25.3
21.7 26.8 9.9
14.1 29.7 20.0
11.9 14.7 6.7
12.6 18.5 12.8
3.8 11.0 9.3
6.5 9.7 12.7
2.8 5.4 10.1
5.3 7.4 12.8
4.8 9.6 8.5
5.8 9.3 11.1
4.4 13.5 12.7
3.7 10.7 7.8
29.8 40.1 46.3 39.9
27.6 29.8 31.2 25.4
23.6 27.0 23.3 19.0
25.9 25.0 20.6 18.3
19.8 20.4 24.1 18.2
15.3 17.8 21.0 17.1
16.8 17.5 24.6 16.3

16.6 18.1 21.5 13.7
7.7 9.2 11.9 6.1

5.1 6.5 11.6 3.2
2.3 4.0 6.1 2.2
1.7 2.2 3.3 1.4
1.2 1.3 1.7 1.5
0.7 0.9 1.1 0.6
46.9 23.8 19.7 12.8
37.4 25.7 21.0 15.7
50.9 22.7 16.6 16.7
44.3 42.2 29.0 16.0
44.4 51.4 28.9 23.5
28.2 42.8 28.6 11.8

31.0 40.0 21.4 9.6
22.7 31.0 19.3 14.4
31.6 31.2 19.0 14.8

19.8 22.0 17.9 12.1
26.8 22.0 14.3 9.3
22.6 26.1 14.5 9.1
21.8 22.2 13.5 8.3
22.7 24.8 13.7 11.1
20.7 18.3 9.7 8.7
18.6 18.7 7.6 8.7
12.4 17.7 9.5 5.3
5.0 6.6 5.0 3.3

5.1 6.4 2.9 3.3
31.1 24.8
25.4 23.0
34.2 19.6
46.0 46.9
35.8 36.9
37.6 35.3
36.3 28.2
30.9 12.7
25.5 15.5
18.2 12.8
19.5 11.4
18.5 10.3
13.9 10.5
16.4 9.8
13.7 5.6
12.7 5.1
Lima Metropolitana
22.7
20.3
24.8
20.9
24.5
19.0
21.1
19.8
17.0
25.5
16.4
12.1
10.4
11.3
8.7
9.1
6.3
6.2
5.8
4.6
5.4
5.0
5.1
15.0 10.6 21.5
16.7 15.7 16.6
14.3 9.5 10.8
14.0 4.2 9.5
7.9 6.1 5.9
6.7 3.2 7.1
8.6 5.1 9.0

9.4 4.2 7.5
4.6 2.5 3.2

2.0 1.1 2.5 7.1
0.8 0.7 2.0 3.4
0.3 0.2 0.8 2.0
0.9 0.5 0.8 1.2
0.0 0.1 0.6 0.4
Region 15 Region 16
3.4
2.4
1.7
1.1
0.5 1.0
Poverty
Headcount ratio
By region
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 34.2 29.6 33.3
2004-I 32.4 27.9 30.8
2004-II 29.4 25.0 27.6
2005-I 27.6 22.9 26.5
2005-II 25.4 21.3 24.3
2006-I 23.7 19.6 21.8
2006-II 20.9 17.3 18.6
2007-I 19.5 15.6 17.8
2007-II 19.8 17.6 15.9
2008-I 18.1 15.3 15.5
2008-II 17.9 15.4 15.0
2009-I 17.4 14.3 15.2
2009-II 16.3 13.0 14.7
2010-I 16.5 13.4 15.5
2010-II 15.5 12.1 14.6
2011-I 12.4 9.8 11.3
2011-II 11.6 9.1 10.9
2012-I 11.5 10.5 9.4
2012-II 10.7 8.7 9.5
2013-I 11.0 9.6 9.1
2013-II 10.8 9.8 8.7
2014-I 11.8 10.5 10.7
2014-II 11.8 10.6 10.3
2015-I 11.2 10.8 9.6
2016-II 11.5 10.7 11.3
2017-I 11.7 11.6 11.3
2017-II 9.9 9.4 9.3
2018-I 10.2 9.6 10.4
2018-II 12.4 11.8 11.7
Bolivia
1997 52.4 72.5 59.0
1999 54.7 75.2 59.3
2000 62.0 75.8 64.3
2001 57.3 77.3 59.2
2002 59.2 75.1 66.2
2005 51.9 70.8 54.7
2006 47.9 62.8 56.5
2007 46.3 64.5 51.2
2011 27.9 45.3 32.0
2012 28.0 54.9 32.0
2013 25.8 46.4 31.7
2014 24.8 38.6 30.4
2015 25.4 42.9 27.5
2016 24.9 40.1 23.9
2017 24.6 41.7 27.7
2018 22.8 35.1 28.0
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 57.0 68.4 79.7
1993 55.8 66.8 79.0
1995 41.5 50.8 68.0
1996 40.7 52.1 67.9
1997 40.7 53.7 68.1
1998 39.4 52.9 65.4
1999 41.1 54.2 67.1
2001 41.1 53.2 66.5
2002 40.3 53.6 66.1
2003 41.5 55.0 67.1
2004 39.6 50.4 65.5
With Rural North
2004 40.1 54.8 65.5
2005 37.9 52.4 62.7
2006 34.0 48.0 57.6
2007 31.9 46.5 54.7
2008 28.7 41.1 50.7
2009 27.3 40.4 48.5
2011 23.8 38.4 43.9
2012 20.7 33.7 38.2
2013 19.4 32.5 35.6
2014 17.7 29.8 33.4
2015 19.2 31.8 35.7
New PNADC
2012 20.8 34.7 38.0
2013 19.1 32.4 34.9
2014 17.4 30.5 32.2
2015 18.4 32.0 33.0
2016 20.0 36.0 36.8
2017 20.2 34.6 37.1
2018 19.8 34.3 36.7
Chile
1987 52.3 47.1 42.1
1990 45.6 34.3 37.3
1992 39.3 31.5 36.4
1994 36.5 29.0 32.1
1996 30.8 25.5 19.8
1998 28.6 23.0 18.7
2000 31.2 29.8 16.8

2003 30.6 30.5 24.5
2006 19.2 18.8 8.6

2009 15.2 17.0 5.3
2011 12.0 10.1 4.3
2013 6.6 4.5 2.7
2015 5.1 3.9 3.2
2017 3.6 3.0 2.8
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 61.4 67.4 63.9
2002 51.7 64.6 53.2
2003 49.3 58.0 51.4
2004 49.1 62.2 54.0
2005 44.1 56.4 47.1
GEIH-National
2008 42.7 60.2 39.9
2009 41.5 57.9 37.5
2010 38.7 54.8 35.0
2011 35.8 50.7 32.6
2012 34.5 48.5 31.3
2013 32.4 45.6 30.6
2014 30.3 42.1 28.6
2015 29.2 40.9 27.3
2016 29.0 41.2 27.1
2017 28.1 40.2 26.7
2018 28.2 39.9 27.4
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 41.6 34.7 61.8
1990 40.7 32.6 63.4
1991 45.3 38.0 65.8
1992 42.0 35.8 62.0
1993 35.9 29.3 55.1
1994 30.9 23.0 53.8
1995 32.2 25.2 50.8
1996 35.6 27.5 55.1
1997 33.1 24.2 52.9
1998 27.8 19.7 48.0
1999 30.6 23.0 50.1
2000 30.5 22.5 48.5
2001 30.6 22.7 44.9
With Implicit Rent
2001 23.9 15.2 40.3
2002 23.0 14.7 40.2
2003 22.4 14.5 39.4
2004 23.1 15.1 41.6
2005 21.0 14.7 34.2
2006 20.5 14.0 37.8
2007 16.3 10.8 29.2
2008 15.9 10.0 28.1
2009 15.6 10.4 26.5
ENAHO
2010 17.4 11.3 29.9
2010 13.2 8.2 23.9
2011 13.7 8.9 21.2
2012 12.7 8.2 22.5
2013 12.8 7.5 22.8
2014 12.3 7.4 20.8
2015 12.0 7.5 15.6
2016 11.0 6.6 13.8
2017 10.0 6.3 11.0
2018 11.2 7.4 13.0
Dominican Rep.
2000 30.2 16.9 20.0
2001 30.1 16.3 21.7
2002 30.6 18.1 24.7
2003 38.5 24.5 32.7
2004 45.8 33.1 41.6
ENFT 3
2005 36.8 25.3 31.4
2006 33.7 19.8 31.3
2007 33.4 23.8 29.4
ENFT 4
2008 34.5 24.6 24.8
2009 31.7 24.1 25.9
2010 31.8 23.8 25.3
2011 31.0 24.9 26.7
2012 30.8 24.2 26.3
2013 29.9 22.9 23.7
2014 25.2 18.4 21.0
2015 21.8 17.2 16.2
2016 19.9 15.2 15.1
2017 15.9 15.7 13.4

2018 13.9 14.2 11.2
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2003 53.4 46.9 58.6
2004 54.9 49.4 58.7
2005 46.5 42.3 49.3
2006 41.3 36.5 44.8
2007 40.4 36.6 42.1
2008 38.2 35.4 39.3
2009 38.2 35.7 38.4
2010 34.4 31.9 35.1
2011 30.2 30.4 28.2
2012 27.5 28.1 24.9
2013 27.2 22.4 30.2
2014 23.8 19.8 25.8
2015 24.8 20.8 26.1
2016 24.0 21.5 24.1
2017 23.3 21.6 22.7
2018 24.2 20.5 25.2
El Salvador
2000 45.1 57.8 48.7
2001 46.9 57.9 50.3
2002 47.0 58.2 51.6
2003 47.8 57.5 51.1
2004 45.6 53.1 47.4
2005 45.6 54.8 46.5
2006 42.8 48.8 45.8
2007 39.6 41.4 42.1
2008 43.8 50.6 49.5
2009 43.5 50.9 49.5
2010 42.1 50.3 45.9
2011 42.1 50.2 45.7
2012 39.5 46.1 42.8
2013 35.6 42.8 39.1
2014 35.5 40.6 39.2
2015 32.6 38.4 34.1
2016 31.4 38.9 34.0
2017 29.5 34.8 30.0
2018 26.3 32.6 28.3
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 45.1 18.1 36.9
2006 43.7 8.7 35.9
2011 52.4 14.9 48.0
2014 49.1 19.1 43.3
ENEI
2002 54.3 18.1 45.5
2003 46.4 15.9 36.2
2004 51.8 25.7 45.8
Honduras
DGEC
1991 79.5 62.4 80.9
1992 76.9 56.4 75.7
1993 70.7 50.6 67.5
1994 70.6 52.7 69.9
1995 71.7 53.1 71.4
1996 72.8 54.5 70.9
1997 64.7 45.8 62.8
1998 57.0 37.5 56.2
1999 54.7 34.2 61.8
INE
2001 55.8 27.0 52.4
2002 61.0 32.4 58.1
2003 64.4 33.8 59.9
2004 63.9 35.3 60.1
2005 61.4 32.2 56.9
2006 55.9 25.2 50.8
2007 53.5 21.5 47.6
2008 50.7 22.4 41.8
2009 47.6 16.7 39.7
2010 50.6 20.7 42.9
2011 53.2 26.8 50.5
2012 57.8 29.1 57.8
2013 56.0 27.9 51.1
2014 54.9 28.8 51.5
2015 54.7 30.0 48.6
2016 53.6 25.8 50.0
2017 53.6 25.7 50.1
2018 50.9 23.8 45.9
Mexico
1989 49.3 29.4 52.3
1992 43.2 28.1 41.7
1994 42.5 26.3 45.7
1996 59.3 40.1 61.8
1998 51.2 34.1 47.6
2000 43.8 27.3 37.3
2002 40.6 31.1 37.9
2004 37.4 23.1 36.2
2005 36.7 22.9 34.0
2006 33.1 19.6 31.3
2008 33.4 21.7 31.0
2010 33.3 24.3 34.2
2012 31.6 18.5 31.7
2014 33.3 21.4 30.3
2016 25.4 12.9 23.1

2018 22.7 11.5 19.7
Nicaragua
1993 74.8 60.7 75.0
1998 70.0 53.4 73.5
2001 63.3 41.2 63.9
2005 54.4 36.2 51.5
2009 50.2 32.5 47.9
2014 35.4 18.2 29.0
Panama
1989 50.2 82.0 37.9
1991 48.0 75.1 37.5
1995 39.3 78.4 26.4
1997 38.9 69.1 28.2
1998 38.8 79.9 27.2
1999 36.8 74.9 25.1
2000 35.4 67.9 25.0
2001 40.3 83.9 28.0
2002 37.5 74.6 25.9
2003 36.0 80.3 23.3
2004 34.8 77.1 21.4
2005 34.7 72.2 21.9
2006 34.0 69.8 21.2
2007 30.6 74.5 17.0
2008 28.0 64.2 14.6
With Implicit Rent
2008 23.3 58.1 10.9
2009 23.0 53.8 11.2
2010 21.8 72.3 10.4
2011 18.5 57.1 7.3
2012 18.9 58.5 7.5
2013 18.2 56.7 6.8
2014 16.9 54.8 6.8
2015 15.4 50.1 5.8
2016 14.6 48.1 5.2
2017 14.1 32.8 5.5
2018 12.6 34.1 4.9
Paraguay
1995 38.9 9.7 12.6
1997 34.4 3.4 7.3
1999 36.1 5.5 13.0
2001 35.0 8.4 10.6
2002 45.9 13.6 27.0
2003 39.3 14.0 26.6
2004 37.0 13.1 25.5
2005 33.6 14.4 17.3
2006 38.4 11.7 23.2
2007 34.5 10.2 22.8
2008 31.7 9.9 17.5
2009 30.7 11.4 13.4
2010 28.8 14.0 13.3
2011 27.1 9.5 14.5
2012 22.4 7.0 7.3
2013 19.1 5.4 6.7
2014 18.6 4.9 5.8
2015 18.9 4.4 7.2
2016 19.2 5.0 6.4
2017 17.5 4.8 8.1
2018 15.9 3.7 4.8
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 32.3 16.2 22.4
1998 31.1 20.1 21.9
1999 31.8 16.3 21.4
2000 30.9 18.3 14.7
ENAHO 2
2001 33.1 18.3 26.6
2002 29.7 14.6 20.7
2003 28.7 15.3 21.3
ENAHO 3
2003 28.0 14.7 20.5
2004 28.6 13.6 22.5
2005 30.9 13.7 24.4
2006 27.0 9.8 19.7
2007 23.2 8.3 16.5
2008 19.6 6.9 13.9
2009 17.3 6.5 11.3
2010 14.9 4.6 9.5
2011 13.4 4.3 7.5
2012 12.3 4.3 6.9
2013 11.5 4.1 6.3
2014 10.7 3.5 6.2
2015 10.4 2.8 5.5
2016 10.1 2.7 5.7
2017 9.9 2.5 6.1
2018 8.5 2.1 6.0
Uruguay
Urban
1989 10.0 5.6 29.2
1992 8.2 3.9 20.5
1995 8.2 4.4 20.5
1996 8.6 5.1 20.5
1997 8.5 4.5 20.5
1998 8.4 6.1 22.2
2000 9.2 6.5 22.3
2001 10.4 6.9 23.8
2002 13.9 9.9 27.2
2003 18.3 13.8 27.6
2004 19.6 15.3 35.1
2005 17.6 14.8 27.6
2006 16.0 13.6 26.9
National
2006 16.9 13.7 28.5
2007 14.7 12.6 24.1
2008 10.4 9.0 18.5
2009 9.8 8.5 15.7
2010 8.6 7.7 15.6
2011 5.9 5.3 11.9
2012 5.5 6.0 8.7
2013 5.0 5.2 9.3
2014 4.2 4.1 6.8
2015 4.0 3.8 6.6
2016 3.7 3.1 7.2
2017 2.9 2.5 5.5
2018 3.0 2.6 4.9
41.8 51.7 24.4 53.8

40.5 50.6 23.2 49.8
34.6 47.1 18.7 51.6
32.8 45.2 18.8 48.4
30.7 41.5 13.6 43.6
26.7 41.5 12.5 43.6
24.8 36.4 12.7 40.9
23.6 35.4 11.3 40.2
20.8 33.9 8.8 39.6
20.9 32.2 9.2 36.0
19.9 31.5 10.0 34.4
21.1 31.1 10.5 34.1
21.1 28.3 9.1 34.0
20.5 27.4 10.2 32.8
22.4 25.0 8.6 33.1
16.1 21.7 6.6 26.4
15.6 20.0 6.6 24.0
14.1 17.8 5.6 20.1
14.4 17.0 6.7 21.8
11.3 17.9 5.9 24.8
11.5 16.3 7.0 21.1
13.7 17.1 7.1 20.8
13.7 18.1 5.7 21.5
10.5 15.6 5.7 18.9
13.5 16.4 5.2 15.3
11.0 14.6 5.2 14.6
10.4 13.6 5.1 14.5
10.3 14.1 4.2 12.5
13.3 16.6 5.9 17.7

47.8 61.5 62.7 61.0
51.8 61.6 80.4 54.8
61.6 73.6 78.4 63.9
53.8 68.8 78.4 51.2
61.8 67.2 78.5 52.5
51.3 53.7 76.4 51.8
54.4 49.8 60.8 39.7
42.9 49.5 69.4 39.5
23.7 35.0 57.3 22.1
27.2 26.6 52.9 4.9
26.1 23.0 49.4 9.1
22.5 18.4 49.4 11.8
24.9 31.2 48.6 15.8
26.1 25.0 56.2 15.5
24.3 31.5 46.9 18.0
19.2 29.3 48.9 13.0
44.0 47.5 58.7

44.4 43.4 52.7
26.7 31.2 39.4
25.3 30.1 39.3
25.0 31.2 37.1
25.2 29.7 36.2
26.5 31.2 38.4
27.6 28.5 38.2
26.8 26.4 36.2
28.7 26.3 37.3
27.2 24.2 33.3
27.2 24.1 33.2

24.8 23.0 32.0
21.5 19.8 27.8
19.9 17.1 25.3
17.4 15.5 21.4
16.1 14.4 20.1
13.5 11.4 14.7
11.7 9.5 12.4
11.0 8.3 11.5
9.8 7.3 9.7
11.0 8.4 11.1
12.1 9.2 13.9

11.3 8.0 11.7
9.9 6.8 11.3
11.1 7.5 12.2
11.3 8.1 12.5
12.1 8.1 11.8
11.5 7.9 11.7

49.3 60.3 47.7 57.6
40.2 54.7 48.2 50.3
35.0 49.3 40.6 40.5
38.5 43.8 34.8 44.8
34.9 42.2 29.3 39.1
35.1 35.9 25.2 34.2
35.5 40.9 29.1 35.5

35.2 36.7 31.3 31.2
14.8 26.5 20.9 18.1

14.3 17.9 14.8 12.9
9.2 16.7 13.4 7.6
2.9 8.1 7.2 6.5
3.8 6.0 5.0 5.0
3.6 5.4 2.8 3.3
63.0 63.4 43.9

50.7 57.0 28.6
52.7 52.6 31.9
50.4 52.1 27.5
47.1 46.7 24.8
43.7 47.4 17.8

41.6 48.3 16.7
38.7 46.0 13.9
35.4 43.3 12.0
34.9 42.1 10.9
31.9 40.1 9.5
30.0 37.0 9.7
29.3 34.3 9.8
27.2 35.6 10.7
26.1 33.2 11.4
25.9 33.6 11.6

50.5 59.7 36.0 53.8
52.8 64.4 36.5 59.1
53.3 63.9 41.1 56.4
48.0 61.5 36.3 49.2
40.1 55.6 33.4 44.1
34.5 53.8 32.6 38.3
38.2 52.7 33.2 42.4
37.7 55.1 43.1 48.3
39.7 51.4 42.7 46.5
33.1 48.1 31.9 37.9
40.4 48.8 36.0 38.6
36.2 51.6 37.6 41.6
42.3 51.7 38.7 43.5
34.8 47.3 33.5 37.8

27.2 46.0 34.9 30.1
27.9 43.3 31.9 33.9
27.5 47.2 31.0 36.5
25.9 37.1 31.4 29.0
24.9 38.1 28.1 29.0
19.6 29.8 24.2 22.9
23.4 27.4 27.3 18.7
19.9 31.6 23.2 19.8
21.5 35.5 28.1 27.3

15.4 26.8 23.4 22.4
16.2 26.6 24.4 23.8
17.0 25.5 21.2 19.2
18.5 27.6 24.0 20.7
14.6 24.7 20.9 20.2
16.2 23.5 20.6 20.1
15.3 20.0 19.2 21.2
16.0 19.2 17.5 16.1
12.6 18.3 19.5 21.4
32.2 30.6 49.5 45.2
32.2 35.2 42.4 40.7
31.8 37.7 35.8 42.1
45.5 41.8 50.3 48.2
50.9 45.8 56.3 56.3
39.3 38.0 51.4 45.3

37.1 40.6 52.2 40.1
35.4 34.9 50.5 41.9
41.5 40.1 46.1 44.0

30.8 35.0 41.9 41.9
32.2 34.6 43.8 42.4
27.5 31.2 46.9 38.8
29.5 34.7 43.8 40.2
31.4 30.7 42.1 37.4
24.6 28.5 36.8 29.0
18.1 25.9 27.4 27.4
21.3 18.1 24.4 27.3
6.0 7.4 28.9 17.6

7.1 8.8 18.0 15.4
Oriente
62.2
67.1
57.5
48.7
56.9
52.6
59.1
48.6
48.3
48.1
36.2
39.9
45.6
44.8
43.0
45.9

60.3 57.8 21.3
62.6 57.7 25.6
63.9 57.6 25.1
65.0 58.3 27.6
60.1 56.7 26.0
57.0 55.2 29.7
54.0 52.6 28.1
52.5 49.9 23.5
56.9 51.7 23.5
53.7 51.5 23.8
52.0 50.6 22.1
49.5 51.0 23.0
49.2 48.6 21.6
46.5 44.1 16.9
44.5 43.9 19.1
42.9 40.1 17.0
38.7 39.2 14.6
37.0 37.2 15.0
32.1 32.2 12.8
Resto Rural
55.8
61.3
68.6
63.6
67.4
58.5
63.9
88.3 86.7 87.4 81.6

86.6 86.9 89.1 86.3
88.1 77.6 80.5 79.9
82.5 78.3 76.5 77.8
81.4 82.4 82.1 81.9
84.4 86.1 80.6 82.6
81.7 79.2 64.2 76.9

65.7 70.9 61.2 71.9
56.8 72.3 58.9 65.7
75.8 65.4 69.0 72.6

80.8 74.8 68.3 72.1
82.5 73.1 77.5 78.7
82.7 74.2 75.7 75.0
77.7 67.7 77.7 74.4
76.8 68.1 69.2 68.6
76.6 65.3 67.0 64.7
75.2 63.1 62.7 61.9
70.7 53.8 64.7 63.0
68.4 68.3 65.0 65.7
63.8 61.7 67.9 64.5
66.5 73.7 69.7 67.8
70.1 67.6 76.7 65.5
79.9 56.8 68.8 68.2
73.6 64.1 71.7 66.4
75.2 61.8 66.6 68.0
66.5 64.5 66.6 67.5
72.0 55.3 63.8 62.3

33.3 52.8 46.4 63.9
26.8 42.1 37.4 73.1
21.0 43.4 36.6 67.5
43.3 64.6 54.0 80.9
35.9 50.8 48.5 77.9
16.4 48.1 40.1 68.0
19.1 34.2 35.0 69.9
22.2 33.7 35.2 60.3
18.2 38.4 33.7 58.5
16.1 34.6 29.4 57.9
17.9 31.4 31.0 59.9
14.2 31.0 31.0 58.1
14.9 36.4 27.0 56.1
16.9 30.6 31.4 61.5
12.5 20.8 23.9 52.4

12.3 18.1 19.5 50.1
Central Atlántico
89.3 83.1
78.6 74.2
74.9 77.1
66.5 64.4
58.9 64.9
47.5 42.8
Central Occidental
71.4 56.8
68.7 50.0
61.0 48.8
56.9 47.1
57.2 48.4
56.5 44.7
53.9 43.6
53.8 54.3
50.0 52.5
48.9 52.3
48.7 51.8
48.4 51.7
46.6 53.2
44.3 50.6
41.4 49.1
34.8 43.9
33.9 43.2
30.7 39.8
23.0 40.7
23.2 42.1
23.8 41.2
20.5 37.8
17.5 37.3
13.4 39.0
16.2 35.6
14.5 31.5
21.4 28.2 63.4
10.5 31.8 58.1
20.6 31.5 59.2
43.6 28.2 56.6
52.7 40.6 65.7
35.4 35.4 54.9
38.4 32.7 51.4
30.6 35.7 46.3
28.8 34.2 57.4
17.9 28.6 53.0
28.5 25.7 49.8
18.2 22.1 53.0
24.4 17.1 51.1
26.5 18.3 45.6
13.0 12.7 43.6
15.5 15.3 34.3
5.3 15.0 35.1
11.8 13.4 35.8
9.4 15.0 36.3
8.9 12.9 32.1
4.4 12.0 31.6
23.8 48.0 72.2 58.8

24.9 44.5 68.1 51.4
20.8 51.0 70.9 64.0
19.8 47.7 73.3 63.7
25.6 46.9 74.8 59.5

26.0 41.3 73.1 63.5
32.8 35.2 72.4 60.2
26.7 35.3 66.9 59.3

24.8 39.3 71.4 68.8
28.3 39.1 74.1 68.9
25.4 36.2 71.9 65.4
17.8 33.2 68.9 51.6
12.5 24.1 60.4 46.5
11.7 20.5 52.5 46.3
11.1 18.2 48.1 38.2
7.4 18.1 46.4 31.4
7.4 16.0 43.0 31.6
7.4 16.7 39.4 34.9
8.0 18.1 36.6 32.4
8.2 15.8 36.9 34.9
7.8 15.6 35.2 35.7
6.0 14.7 36.4 36.6
7.2 9.2 30.3 33.7
18.6 11.0 7.2

14.0 7.7 7.0
16.5 8.1 6.0
15.0 9.1 7.1
15.1 9.8 7.4
14.5 7.1 4.2
15.4 10.2 6.7
19.0 13.7 8.0
21.8 15.8 15.6
30.1 21.9 20.0
30.5 19.3 19.3
25.1 20.2 15.1
21.1 17.4 12.8
23.1 18.4 13.6
20.5 14.4 10.4
13.9 9.4 7.2
14.2 9.5 6.3
11.0 7.5 5.6
8.1 4.8 3.0
6.2 4.1 2.6
5.9 3.8 2.4
5.8 3.2 2.4
6.2 3.1 1.9
5.6 3.2 2.4
4.8 2.9 1.1
4.6 2.6 1.7
36.5 53.9 44.8
34.3 42.1 53.3
46.9 54.8 32.9
46.0 53.2 51.7
43.1 48.9 37.7
36.4 55.1 34.3
30.0 41.8 32.1
35.0 35.7 32.5
13.5 29.6 20.3
16.1 26.0 24.0
12.8 21.6 20.8
14.7 22.2 24.9
14.9 24.6 15.8
14.5 24.9 27.8
11.7 30.7 22.9
11.0 27.0 21.3
59.1 63.9 68.9 65.4
53.5 55.5 56.2 51.8
49.7 52.7 51.8 44.0
51.9 49.8 46.1 46.2
44.4 42.7 47.1 45.0
40.2 41.0 43.5 39.1
41.2 40.6 49.8 40.5

42.5 40.7 48.9 36.4
27.5 28.1 32.2 21.7

21.4 22.2 31.9 15.6
15.5 18.2 21.0 13.4
7.6 10.7 13.5 7.9
6.9 7.5 10.1 6.6
3.5 5.5 6.6 4.8
65.9 54.5 41.8 33.3
58.5 60.0 44.4 37.2
76.4 51.1 36.4 33.6
67.8 67.2 57.0 37.0
69.1 76.1 57.9 47.8
58.5 68.8 53.6 34.3

61.7 66.9 46.9 30.1
54.5 60.9 40.2 31.6
62.2 57.2 45.7 34.9

50.6 54.1 40.9 29.1
58.2 50.7 42.2 29.1
48.2 52.7 38.4 27.4
51.1 50.5 36.0 25.6
52.3 50.2 37.9 31.0
53.6 43.8 30.9 27.9
47.2 39.5 26.6 21.9
33.1 43.8 27.4 17.8
25.8 33.7 19.4 13.8

23.5 33.5 12.9 11.8
58.8 54.8
54.3 47.6
59.5 45.8
70.7 63.8
59.8 59.1
60.1 58.1
63.4 51.0
53.0 36.4
51.3 36.4
42.8 34.1
43.1 30.1
43.4 28.1
38.7 28.1
43.5 27.3
36.7 21.3
37.2 19.5
Lima Metropolitana
6.0
6.0
6.6
3.4
9.0
5.2
3.9
6.4
4.0
9.1
5.2
2.6
2.2
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.2
0.7
0.5
33.5 27.7 44.1
38.9 34.3 38.2
37.7 28.5 30.4
40.6 17.5 26.4
29.0 18.7 19.9
22.0 16.0 20.0
22.9 17.1 23.0

26.1 15.8 22.1
12.6 5.9 13.5

11.6 5.8 10.6 23.3
6.4 2.6 8.9 16.2
3.1 4.0 4.4 10.3
2.4 1.6 3.5 6.1
2.0 0.6 2.6 4.6
Region 15 Region 16
13.2
13.3
7.9
3.8
3.8 5.5
Poverty as basic needs (UBN)
Headcount ratio
Only urban areas
Definitions substantially vary across countries: see the Guide and the definitions of housing and education variables
For comparisons, check that the number in column D (sheet NBI_1) coincides
Share of peopl
Headcount house house
ratio rooms location
1 2
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 36.9 0.6 4.2
2004-I 36.0 0.9 4.4
2004-II 34.3 0.7 3.5
2005-I 34.6 0.7 3.5
2005-II 33.4 0.8 3.2
2006-I 33.5 0.8 3.3
2006-II 32.7 0.8 3.1
2007-I 32.1 0.8 3.0
2007-II 31.4 1.0 3.4
2008-I 30.2 0.7 3.0
2008-II 30.2 0.9 3.0
2009-I 28.5 0.9 2.6
2009-II 29.7 0.6 2.5
2010-I 28.3 0.7 2.4
2010-II 28.2 0.5 2.5
2011-I 25.0 0.6 2.4
2011-II 24.3 0.6 2.1
2012-I 24.1 0.6 1.8
2012-II 23.0 0.6 1.9
2013-I 23.2 0.6 2.0
2013-II 23.8 0.5 2.2
2014-I 23.2 0.6 1.8
2014-II 23.7 0.3 1.9
2015-I 22.9 0.4 1.7
2016-II 22.7 0.3 2.1
2017-I 22.9 0.4 2.4
2017-II 21.9 0.5 2.6
2018-I 21.5 0.3 2.5
2018-II 21.1 0.5 2.9
Bolivia
Urban
1992 86.4 25.4
1993 74.3 21.4 36.5
1997 73.5 17.9 31.4
National
1997 73.5 17.9 31.4
1999 77.5 18.2 30.4
2000 77.8 21.6 22.9
2001 78.9 21.7 21.5
2002 80.4 25.1 27.9
2005 78.0 18.2 24.1
2006 75.2 20.5 25.4
2007 71.8 20.8 29.4
2008 71.5 14.2 32.1
2009 72.0 15.7 22.3
2011 67.6 13.5 27.1
2012 65.3 11.8 21.2
2013
2014 64.1 14.5 16.1
2015 64.6 13.0 17.5
2016 63.5 13.3 20.9
2017 60.9 12.2 16.3
2018 60.8 10.4 17.4
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 78.3 1.0 0.9
1993 77.8 1.1 0.9
1995 76.8 0.9 0.7
1996 74.9 0.9 0.7
1997 74.3 0.8 0.8
1998 72.9 0.6 0.6
1999 72.4 0.5 0.5
2001 71.1 0.6 0.6
2002 69.6 0.5 0.5
2003 68.4 0.4 0.5
2004 67.0 0.4 0.4
With Rural North
2004 67.0 0.4 0.4
2005 65.7 0.3 0.4
2006 63.8 0.3 0.3
2007 61.4 0.3 0.5
2008 60.1 0.2 0.4
2009 59.9 0.2 0.5
2011 56.0 0.2 0.5
2012 54.7 0.1 0.4
2013 53.8 0.1 0.5
2014 53.8 0.1 0.3
2015 51.1 0.1 0.4
New PNADC
2016 43.9 0.1 0.2
2017 43.0 0.1 0.2
2018 41.2 0.1 0.1
Chile
1987 57.1 0.6 11.0
1990 56.4 1.3 12.0
1996 38.0 1.1 2.8
1998 36.5 1.7 2.4
New Income Methodology
2000 33.4 1.2 7.6
2003 31.9 0.9 1.7
2006 32.1 0.8 1.2

2009 28.4 0.8 0.6
2011 24.8 0.1 0.8
2013 20.9 0.2 0.6
2015 20.0 0.1 1.0
2017 19.8 0.3 1.2
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 58.6 6.3 1.1
2002 38.2 6.8
2003 36.2 6.1
2004 34.7 5.6
2005 32.1 5.3
GEIH-National
2008 53.1 4.0 3.7
2009 53.4 3.6 3.1
2010 53.4 3.7 4.0
2011 52.2 3.4 3.9
2012 50.7 3.0 3.7
2013 49.6 2.6 3.6
2014 48.4 2.6 4.0
2015 47.5 2.1 3.5
2016 45.4 1.9 2.8
2017 43.6 1.7 2.8
2018 42.4 1.7 2.9
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 41.6
1990 40.9
1991 42.9
1992 44.3 0.6 1.3
1993 37.0
1994 40.2 1.1 1.9
1995 30.8
1996 34.3
1997 35.4 0.8 1.2
1998 28.1
1999 31.6
2000 36.7 0.7 1.3
2001 32.8 0.9 0.5
2002 33.0 0.6 0.6
2003 30.7 0.7 0.6
2004 31.2 0.5 1.0
2005 27.3 0.5 1.0
2006 29.0 0.5 1.4
2007 26.2 0.5 0.8
2008 26.6 0.5 1.1
2009 26.6 0.4 0.4
ENAHO
2010 22.6 0.3 0.9
2011 20.8 0.4 0.5
2012 21.2 0.1 0.6
2013 20.6 0.3 0.1
2014 21.2 0.3 0.3
2015 22.6 0.4 0.4
2016 22.5 0.5 0.5
2017 22.3 0.4 0.7
2018 21.8 0.4 0.5
Dominican Rep.
2000 64.5 1.8 0.2
2001 67.3 1.7 0.6
2002 61.5 2.3 0.9
2003 63.9 2.5 1.6
2004 62.9 1.8 2.2
ENFT 3
2005 62.1 1.7 0.9
2006 60.5 1.7 0.9
2007 58.4 1.9 0.4
ENFT 4
2008 56.3 1.1 0.5
2009 56.2 2.3 0.6
2010 56.2 1.8 0.4
2011 55.6 1.3 1.5
2012 54.1 1.5 0.8
2013 53.5 1.2 0.1
2014 50.9 0.7 0.4
2015 50.8 1.3 0.5
2016 47.6 0.9 0.5
ECNFT
2017 47.7 1.2 0.2
2018 45.8 1.1 0.0
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2006 40.8 0.1 9.2
2007 42.8 0.1 12.2
2008 41.5 0.1 9.3
2009 44.4 0.1 13.6
2010 41.3 0.2 10.5
2011 37.2 0.0 7.4
2012 34.1 0.1 6.8
2013 38.0 0.0 10.3
2014 37.5 0.0 10.5
2015 32.4 0.0 10.2
2016 32.8 0.0 8.6
2017 30.4 0.0 9.3
2018 29.2 0.4 7.0
El Salvador
2000 73.9 20.6 6.6
2001 73.7 17.9 8.9
2002 71.7 18.9 7.5
2003 71.9 18.5 6.7
2004 73.8 18.1 5.7
2005 72.5 17.0 4.5
2006 71.8 17.8 4.5
2007 72.2 16.6 5.2
2008 69.4 15.3 6.3
2009 69.7 14.2 5.4
2010 69.6 14.7 4.0
2011 69.0 13.8 3.8
2012 67.6 12.9 3.7
2013 66.9 12.1 3.7
2014 66.3 11.6 3.0
2015 66.1 11.4 3.0
2016 66.2 11.1 2.5
2017 67.2 11.0 2.1
2018 63.7 10.4 2.0
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 71.1 4.9 8.4
2006 68.9 23.5 5.7
2011 65.9 3.4 8.5
2014 66.8 21.4 10.0
ENEI
2002 59.4 21.2
2003 59.2 17.5
2004 68.8 23.0
Honduras
DGEC
1991 74.2 10.3 7.1
1992 71.4 5.8 5.6
1993 72.5 5.6 6.4
1994 71.1 6.4 5.2
1995 69.5 5.9 4.9
1996 69.8 6.3 7.6
1997 69.0 7.1 6.2
1998 68.6 6.1 7.3
1999 68.2 7.6 6.2
INE
2001 65.8 7.3 6.9
2002 67.3 7.6 8.4
2003 67.4 6.8 7.9
2004 64.7 6.2 7.4
2005 63.6 6.4 7.4
2006 61.2 5.5 7.6
2007 60.6 4.8 7.2
2008 58.9 4.3 6.1
2009 56.9 4.0 6.4
2010 55.3 3.4 4.8
2011 55.2 3.6 5.7
2012 56.0 4.6 6.0
2013 52.6 3.5 4.4
2014 54.2 4.4 5.2
2015 54.2 4.4 3.6
2016 54.2 3.2 6.3
2017 54.7 3.3 8.6
2018 51.9 1.4 4.6
Mexico
1989 68.9 3.7 0.2
1992 70.8 3.6 0.2
1994 68.0 3.5 0.1
1996 66.3 2.0 0.1
1998 63.2 1.5 0.1
2000 59.2 1.2 0.1
2002 57.9 1.0 0.1
2004 59.1 0.9
2005 56.1 0.9
2006 54.5 0.7
2008 55.2 0.6 0.2
2010 51.8 0.6 0.3
2012 51.7 0.2 0.3
2014 47.6 0.4 0.6
2016 45.4 0.3 0.8

2018 43.7 0.3 1.2
Nicaragua
1993 84.5 21.2 5.7
1998 82.9 40.8 4.3
2001 86.1 36.2 6.5
2005 77.7 23.2 3.5
2009 75.3 22.0 1.9
2014 68.0 14.7 1.8
Panama
1989 29.3
1991 29.5
1995 21.5
1997 22.6
1998 21.7
1999 20.6
2000 21.3
2001 23.7
2002 15.9
2003 16.7
2004 15.0
2005 12.9
2006 13.9
2007 11.8
2008 10.5
2009 10.2
2010 9.8
2011 10.5
2012 9.4
2013 8.2
2014 8.7
2015 7.5
2016 8.0
2017 9.2
2018 8.1
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 50.5 7.3 1.1
1995 46.2 10.4 5.7
National
1995 55.5 12.0 10.2
1997 56.0 10.3 11.8
1999 54.0 9.0 6.2
2001 50.0 2.4 8.6
2002 59.5 0.8 7.3
2003 53.5 1.1 6.3
2004 46.9 0.6 7.3
2005 43.3 1.1 5.8
2006 44.6 1.6 5.0
2007 44.0 0.4 4.4
2008 40.5 0.7 5.8
2009 38.1 0.1 4.8
2010 40.4 0.6 6.0
2011 38.2 0.3 4.3
2012 32.4 0.1 4.5
2013 31.2 1.3 3.8
2014 32.2 0.3 2.6
2015 30.0 0.1 3.3
2016 31.7 0.3 2.5
2017 30.1 0.2 2.1
2018 28.8 0.2 2.0
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 49.1 12.5 10.2
1998 47.8 11.4 8.0
1999 45.7 9.6 9.5
2000 47.4 9.4 9.7
ENAHO 2
2001 48.3 9.5 6.4
2002 46.8 8.3 4.7
2003 48.1 7.0 7.0
ENAHO 3
2003 46.3 6.8 6.3
2004 45.5 7.0 8.0
2005 45.8 6.4 7.3
2006 43.3 6.1 8.6
2007 43.4 7.6 6.2
2008 42.9 7.2 6.1
2009 42.5 6.7 6.3
2010 40.9 6.0 6.4
2011 41.1 5.5 6.1
2012 38.0 5.0 5.6
2013 38.8 4.9 4.8
2014 38.4 4.6 4.7
2015 38.7 4.9 4.3
2016 37.6 4.6 4.5
2017 37.9 4.4 4.8
2018 35.4 4.2 4.0
Uruguay
Urban
1989 43.1 2.6 4.9
1992 43.7 2.7 3.5
1995 39.9 1.8 2.4
1996 38.9 1.8 2.8
1997 38.7 1.9 3.0
1998 36.4 2.6 2.1
2000 35.2 2.2 1.8
2001 32.6 2.1 1.8
2002 31.5 2.1 1.6
2003 29.9 2.2 1.0
2004 28.4 1.8 1.2
2005 28.5 2.0 1.4
2006 30.4 2.7 0.3
National
2006 31.9 2.7 0.3
2007 30.9 2.6 0.1
2008 28.3 2.0 0.1
2009 27.1 1.9 0.1
2010 26.0 1.6 0.1
2011 21.9 1.4 0.1
2012 21.0 1.5 0.1
2013 21.1 1.2 0.1
2014 19.6 1.2 0.1
2015 19.0 1.0 0.1
2016 17.6 0.9 0.1
2017 16.9 0.8 0.0
2018 15.9 0.6 0.0
Source: SEDLAC (CED
of housing and education variables
Share of people meeting each criterium

house education education education +
materials water restroom children head earners
3 4 5 6 7 8
2.6 2.9 16.6 1.3 13.9 16.4

2.6 2.2 15.9 1.2 13.6 15.7
2.7 2.5 15.8 1.5 12.5 14.5
2.4 2.2 15.5 0.9 12.8 14.9
2.5 2.0 15.4 1.3 12.5 13.3
2.7 2.1 15.2 0.9 12.5 13.9
2.6 1.8 15.0 0.9 12.4 13.4
2.5 1.6 14.6 1.0 11.6 13.1
2.4 1.5 13.4 1.3 11.9 13.9
2.2 1.2 13.0 1.0 11.2 12.6
2.4 1.3 12.8 1.6 11.8 12.3
2.1 1.0 11.8 1.1 11.4 11.8
1.9 1.3 12.0 2.0 11.6 11.9
2.2 0.9 11.3 1.0 10.8 11.4
2.1 1.0 11.2 1.2 10.7 11.9
2.1 0.8 10.8 0.9 9.6 7.9
1.8 0.7 10.0 0.7 9.5 7.7
1.9 0.5 9.7 1.2 9.4 7.7
1.9 0.5 8.9 0.7 8.5 7.4
1.7 0.4 8.9 1.3 9.0 7.2
2.0 0.4 9.4 1.0 8.6 7.7
1.9 0.6 8.7 0.9 8.5 7.6
1.8 0.7 9.9 1.2 8.7 7.8
1.5 0.5 9.1 0.6 8.9 7.3
1.4 0.5 8.6 1.3 8.9 6.3
1.5 0.5 8.7 0.6 8.9 6.7
1.6 0.5 8.5 0.9 8.6 5.9
1.5 0.5 7.7 1.1 8.0 5.9
1.4 0.4 8.0 0.9 8.1 5.4
67.8 18.7 25.7 3.7 41.1 25.0

13.7 14.9 23.2 3.8 46.3 23.2
18.3 8.4 21.1 2.7 43.0 23.3
18.3 8.4 21.1 2.7 43.0 23.3

48.0 6.2 13.2 1.7 40.3 21.6
46.2 6.6 39.8 3.8 38.3 20.3
46.3 8.1 40.8 3.2 41.3 17.1
45.3 9.8 42.3 4.1 43.7 22.3
39.6 5.8 35.8 3.0 40.1 20.1
35.8 5.4 38.5 2.0 36.7 16.7
35.2 3.1 28.9 0.7 36.9 4.8
30.5 7.3 21.3 1.8 35.7 3.8
34.0 6.9 25.3 1.5 36.2 3.2
29.1 5.3 20.6 1.4 28.6 2.3
27.5 7.2 18.3 1.1 31.5 3.0
under revision
24.2 8.0 22.7 2.6 31.9 1.8
21.8 10.3 23.2 4.4 30.4 2.5
18.8 9.7 20.3 2.0 29.0 1.8
20.1 9.5 19.5 1.7 28.3 2.0
18.1 10.0 17.6 1.1 27.5 1.4
5.0 17.7 33.9 9.7 70.2 21.4

4.9 16.9 32.2 9.2 69.8 20.2
4.4 15.5 31.5 7.6 68.8 19.2
4.9 12.9 27.7 6.8 66.7 19.4
4.0 13.4 28.3 5.9 66.3 19.1
3.8 12.2 26.7 4.6 64.7 18.9
3.4 11.5 26.1 3.7 64.0 18.5
3.0 12.3 26.0 3.2 62.1 16.6
2.8 11.4 25.1 2.8 60.6 14.5
2.6 11.2 24.3 2.7 59.2 13.5
2.7 10.4 24.0 2.7 57.5 11.1
2.7 10.4 24.0 2.7 57.5 11.1

2.3 10.2 22.8 2.2 56.2 10.9
2.4 9.0 22.2 1.8 54.1 8.8
2.3 8.6 19.1 2.1 51.7 9.0
2.2 8.2 19.4 1.7 49.5 7.9
2.0 7.9 20.7 1.5 49.0 7.3
2.6 8.0 16.2 1.3 45.4 7.0
2.3 7.1 16.0 1.1 44.3 5.7
2.4 7.4 16.9 1.1 42.5 5.8
2.2 7.0 16.7 0.8 42.7 5.2
2.1 7.0 13.0 0.9 40.7 5.4
2.6 1.4 2.3 0.7 39.8 5.7

3.1 1.7 2.2 0.6 38.6 5.6
2.8 1.4 2.6 0.6 36.9 5.0
21.5 3.1 14.2 1.9 43.8 5.7

17.7 2.5 13.2 1.4 37.4 17.1
10.7 1.3 8.9 0.9 22.5 11.1
9.8 1.0 7.7 1.0 21.3 10.4
7.6 0.9 5.4 1.0 20.2 10.6

7.0 0.7 4.9 0.6 19.1 9.4
7.7 0.6 3.1 0.8 20.8 6.7

6.6 0.5 2.1 0.8 19.6 4.8
4.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 17.7 3.5
3.7 0.2 0.8 0.5 15.6 2.4
3.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 14.6 2.1
3.8 0.2 1.2 0.8 14.0 1.8
41.5 1.6 3.8 5.6 25.8 22.6

4.5 24.9 16.4
4.2 25.4 14.4
3.9 24.2 13.5
3.1 22.3 11.4
38.5 2.5 3.1 3.0 22.9 13.2

39.2 3.6 4.1 3.9 23.1 11.3
39.4 3.7 4.1 3.3 22.9 9.3
38.5 3.9 4.2 3.6 22.1 7.4
37.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 21.4 6.8
35.4 3.6 3.1 3.0 20.8 6.3
33.7 3.6 3.1 3.1 20.1 5.5
33.2 3.3 2.6 2.8 19.7 4.9
30.7 3.6 2.7 2.8 19.0 5.2
29.1 3.7 2.6 2.9 18.2 4.9
27.6 4.2 2.5 3.6 16.6 5.0
5.7 25.8 23.4

4.6 25.5 22.4
3.4 26.0 24.7
8.8 0.3 1.9 4.2 23.8 23.3
2.9 21.7 19.8
11.3 0.2 1.3 2.1 22.0 18.8
1.7 19.1 15.8
1.6 21.3 17.5
5.4 0.2 1.6 2.8 19.1 16.5
1.8 18.4 13.3
1.2 20.0 16.4
5.5 0.3 3.1 2.0 20.7 17.2
5.8 0.2 3.0 2.0 17.8 15.6
5.9 0.3 1.7 1.5 17.6 15.1
5.0 0.3 1.5 1.0 17.3 14.0
5.3 0.2 1.2 0.6 16.8 14.6
3.9 0.1 0.9 0.6 15.8 12.0
5.4 0.1 1.1 1.2 17.0 12.0
5.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 16.3 8.5
4.8 0.1 1.0 0.5 16.2 9.6
5.6 0.2 1.0 0.8 16.1 9.1
1.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 14.9 7.0

2.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 14.3 6.3
2.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 14.7 6.0
2.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 14.5 5.8
2.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 14.8 5.9
2.8 0.5 1.3 0.5 15.9 5.6
3.0 0.5 1.2 0.4 16.1 5.2
3.2 0.6 1.4 0.3 15.6 5.2
2.3 0.8 1.0 0.4 16.4 5.2
4.2 13.1 26.1 3.5 49.2 16.6

4.0 16.7 25.1 3.8 50.3 19.7
4.3 14.2 23.5 3.3 45.8 17.1
4.3 16.4 24.0 3.7 45.7 20.5
3.9 16.5 23.3 2.8 45.4 18.6
4.2 18.7 23.8 2.5 46.2 15.9

4.9 19.4 21.6 2.4 44.7 14.1
4.4 13.6 19.3 3.5 42.8 15.1
4.2 12.9 18.8 2.4 42.0 14.5

4.6 14.0 18.7 1.4 42.4 12.4
4.3 15.5 17.2 3.7 41.6 12.2
4.2 17.6 16.0 2.7 40.3 10.2
3.7 16.3 15.5 2.4 40.1 10.5
4.1 17.0 15.1 2.0 39.0 9.5
3.3 16.6 12.7 2.3 37.7 9.0
3.3 16.2 11.7 2.4 37.1 8.3
3.0 12.6 10.6 3.2 34.8 9.0
4.4 8.5 11.9 9.2 35.0 4.4

4.0 9.3 10.7 6.7 32.9 3.5
15.3 5.0 3.5 3.6 17.7 10.0

15.5 3.7 2.6 3.1 18.0 10.9
17.4 4.2 3.2 2.2 17.3 10.8
17.5 5.1 3.0 2.3 17.8 10.2
15.1 4.8 1.5 1.4 17.4 11.2
11.5 7.0 0.9 0.9 14.3 11.1
10.8 6.0 0.8 1.3 14.0 8.3
13.3 7.7 1.4 1.1 14.3 11.1
13.2 5.6 1.6 0.6 14.5 12.8
11.5 4.0 0.9 1.3 12.1 9.0
11.9 4.5 1.1 1.3 12.2 8.5
11.1 3.1 1.0 1.3 11.7 6.7
10.6 4.9 0.5 1.4 11.0 7.0
23.2 25.1 48.4 6.9 57.8 15.9

20.3 23.2 44.2 9.6 57.9 18.1
19.1 22.3 44.1 6.9 56.4 17.0
18.7 25.4 45.0 8.0 54.8 17.3
18.3 26.5 48.0 7.1 55.9 17.6
18.1 23.9 44.8 6.4 53.5 16.9
18.2 19.9 44.5 5.4 53.9 17.9
18.6 19.0 45.0 5.9 55.0 13.9
19.4 17.7 33.6 5.1 56.1 16.1
18.7 30.5 30.4 4.5 55.0 14.3
19.0 30.8 30.4 4.6 54.6 14.1
18.3 32.1 29.9 2.9 54.3 13.9
17.8 30.5 28.3 3.0 52.3 11.6
18.2 30.6 28.8 3.3 51.4 10.2
16.7 30.3 27.6 3.7 50.9 10.7
15.4 30.3 26.6 3.0 50.3 10.4
15.6 29.9 25.1 3.1 50.0 10.2
15.0 30.3 26.2 2.3 50.9 10.0
13.6 27.0 23.4 1.5 47.8 10.4
39.9 12.7 36.7 14.6 47.5 7.1

31.3 10.7 28.6 8.9 46.9 6.7
29.3 10.0 25.1 6.0 45.9 5.9
28.6 11.5 25.0 8.1 46.4 7.9
8.7 13.5 13.2 43.5 17.9

6.3 14.6 22.1 42.2 17.5
32.3 7.8 29.6 13.7 47.5 21.8
18.9 19.1 48.9 10.9 49.0 39.4

17.0 15.0 45.1 6.6 47.9 36.5
15.4 16.0 43.9 6.1 45.3 34.4
16.4 13.8 43.9 11.3 44.8 33.8
15.1 13.0 40.7 6.3 44.3 33.5
12.9 11.0 41.0 6.1 43.3 29.3
12.4 8.1 41.9 8.8 42.9 24.1
11.3 6.6 37.9 5.6 43.3 23.9
12.8 6.1 39.1 5.7 43.3 22.1
9.6 5.1 34.8 4.7 41.3 22.9

12.4 9.6 40.3 6.1 40.5 27.1
11.5 8.8 41.1 16.7 40.8 21.4
9.7 8.8 39.8 2.7 40.6 17.0
9.7 8.7 40.2 3.9 40.2 17.2
10.1 7.6 34.9 4.8 37.3 16.3
8.5 6.2 35.8 4.4 36.4 9.0
11.3 5.6 32.9 6.5 34.5 8.2
6.2 4.9 31.4 3.9 34.5 8.8
5.5 4.7 27.6 4.7 33.9 9.1
5.3 5.4 26.4 5.7 34.1 10.1
6.6 4.6 28.7 2.8 35.6 8.8
4.8 3.3 26.5 2.3 34.1 7.6
6.3 5.8 30.2 5.1 32.3 7.9
5.3 7.3 30.7 6.1 32.4 7.6
5.2 6.8 26.6 4.9 32.8 9.0
4.7 6.6 21.9 4.6 33.4 7.0
3.8 7.2 22.3 6.4 31.0 9.8
32.4 7.5 32.7 36.6 33.8

35.3 10.8 37.3 3.1 38.6 32.8
30.8 8.7 36.0 3.3 36.8 29.2
29.4 6.6 35.9 2.9 33.5 30.7
27.5 5.2 31.9 3.7 31.7 24.8
25.2 4.5 29.0 3.0 27.7 21.7
24.9 4.6 31.5 2.4 28.7 18.4
28.2 7.8 27.5 2.4 28.1 18.0
26.2 5.5 28.6 2.3 27.1 16.0
25.5 6.1 29.6 2.2 24.8 14.1
23.7 6.8 27.3 1.7 25.1 12.7
22.1 4.4 27.4 1.2 22.8 11.0
24.2 5.3 26.4 0.9 21.0 9.2
19.1 4.0 24.5 1.0 19.2 9.0
arable with previous years
18.9 4.0 24.3 1.1 17.6 6.7

18.3 3.9 23.0 1.4 15.7 6.6
16.2 13.2 53.5 18.0 53.9 44.8

14.8 16.8 63.7 11.2 49.1 28.9
46.5 17.1 65.6 8.8 51.2 27.1
36.3 10.9 53.6 7.3 44.0 17.4
33.1 10.2 53.9 10.1 40.3 18.9
30.3 11.0 42.7 4.5 32.5 12.6
0.0 15.2 17.9

2.0 15.9 17.4
1.5 10.6 13.6
1.4 12.5 12.5
1.4 12.5 11.2
1.6 11.1 11.7
0.8 11.2 12.2
2.0 12.1 13.6
1.5 11.5 4.8
1.4 11.0 6.5
1.3 10.6 4.8
1.1 10.6 2.8
0.8 11.0 3.3
0.7 10.0 2.1
0.5 8.6 1.9
0.9 8.4 1.9
0.5 8.2 1.7
1.1 8.7 1.9
0.6 7.9 1.7
0.4 7.4 0.9
1.5 7.3 1.4
1.1 6.7 0.8
0.3 7.3 0.7
0.6 8.1 1.0
0.9 7.1 0.9
0.2 28.8 24.9 21.4 12.1

0.5 19.2 8.8 3.7 24.5 11.2
0.7 4.4 26.0 4.4 33.1 17.3

0.8 19.1 24.3 3.9 33.1 18.5
0.4 17.6 20.4 2.7 27.7 21.5
7.3 8.1 14.6 3.6 31.6 14.0
9.8 19.7 19.3 4.8 30.0 20.1
7.7 15.9 18.0 2.5 26.6 16.5
8.1 10.1 14.9 2.3 28.3 14.7
6.0 8.7 14.1 2.9 25.0 13.3
5.7 7.2 14.0 2.2 24.1 16.5
6.0 6.0 13.6 2.0 26.4 12.9
6.9 6.6 11.8 2.3 24.1 11.5
6.1 3.2 11.5 1.3 22.6 10.2
5.4 4.5 10.9 1.3 22.8 13.1
4.9 4.3 9.2 1.9 21.2 13.5
4.4 2.6 6.9 2.5 19.7 8.4
3.1 1.9 6.8 1.3 18.9 8.4
4.1 2.8 7.0 2.3 20.0 8.3
4.0 1.9 5.4 0.5 16.8 7.9
5.4 2.1 6.3 1.3 18.7 8.7
4.3 1.8 5.5 0.4 18.8 7.8
4.0 1.9 4.7 2.3 18.0 8.2
13.4 19.9 10.6 2.6 17.5 9.9

10.2 18.3 23.5 2.8 17.2 8.1
9.2 16.4 18.5 1.3 17.6 6.7
10.1 18.8 15.4 0.8 17.8 5.9
9.0 18.6 20.2 2.0 20.3 8.4

9.8 17.7 20.0 1.3 20.5 8.3
11.1 20.9 19.2 2.1 19.4 7.3
10.2 18.8 17.8 1.4 19.0 7.0

10.5 18.0 16.6 2.1 18.1 6.4
10.6 17.0 15.1 3.0 18.3 7.5
10.5 16.8 12.8 1.3 16.8 6.1
13.2 15.7 15.6 0.7 16.2 5.2
13.2 15.4 14.9 1.0 15.9 4.0
12.5 14.1 13.8 1.0 16.2 4.1
11.8 12.6 12.2 0.9 15.8 3.7
12.7 11.5 11.7 1.0 15.8 3.9
11.8 10.1 11.3 0.9 15.1 3.2
11.7 10.2 11.8 0.6 15.5 3.1
11.6 9.1 11.6 0.7 15.8 3.4
12.9 9.9 11.5 0.8 14.4 3.0
12.8 7.9 11.0 0.8 14.7 3.2
12.8 8.7 10.6 0.6 14.7 3.0
12.1 7.3 9.7 0.5 13.9 2.9
2.1 7.2 2.0 29.0 13.4

3.7 3.1 14.1 1.5 28.7 12.1
2.4 2.6 10.5 1.0 26.6 10.8
2.9 2.2 8.9 1.1 25.6 11.4
2.1 2.4 8.6 1.7 25.6 11.3
2.2 3.2 9.6 0.8 20.9 12.2
2.4 2.4 8.1 1.5 19.9 12.4
1.8 7.4 1.0 18.1 10.4
1.6 6.4 1.9 17.0 10.6
1.4 6.4 2.1 16.1 10.0
1.3 5.8 1.9 15.3 9.4
1.3 6.9 1.8 15.5 8.2
1.3 3.0 9.9 0.4 15.8 7.8
1.5 3.3 10.3 0.4 16.7 9.0

1.2 3.0 10.9 0.3 15.7 8.8
1.2 2.6 9.6 1.0 14.9 6.9
1.2 2.9 8.8 1.5 13.9 6.0
1.2 2.3 8.3 1.5 14.5 5.1
0.8 1.4 7.1 1.8 11.4 4.7
0.7 1.1 6.7 0.6 11.0 4.5
1.0 1.6 6.1 0.6 10.7 5.0
0.8 1.4 5.9 0.6 10.0 4.4
0.6 1.2 5.0 0.6 9.9 4.7
0.5 1.0 4.8 0.6 9.2 4.4
0.5 1.3 4.2 0.7 8.7 4.1
0.4 1.3 3.7 0.5 8.0 4.2
Number Proportion
criteria criteria
implemented met
8 19.4
8 19.2
8 19.1
8 18.8
8 18.8
8 18.9
8 18.8
8 18.4
8 19.0
8 18.3
8 18.6
8 18.3
8 17.9
8 17.6
8 17.8
8 17.2
8 16.7
8 16.6
8 16.2
8 16.3
8 16.3
8 16.1
8 16.5
8 16.2
8 15.7
8 16.0
8 16.2
8 15.6
8 16.0
7 33.7
8 29.9
8 28.0
8 28.0
8 28.8
8 31.6
8 31.4
8 33.9
8 29.6
8 29.9
8 27.8
8 25.4
8 25.1
8 23.5
8 23.2
8 23.3
8 23.2
8 22.4
8 22.2
8 21.0
8 24.5
8 24.0
8 23.4
8 22.6
8 22.6
8 22.0
8 21.6
8 21.4
8 20.8
8 20.5
8 20.0
8 20.0
8 19.6
8 19.1
8 18.7
8 18.3
8 18.3
8 17.9
8 17.4
8 17.5
8 17.3
8 16.8
8 14.9
8 15.0
8 14.9
8 21.9
8 22.3
8 19.1
8 18.6
8 20.0
8 17.2
8 16.0
8 15.5
8 14.2
8 14.1
8 14.2
8 14.3
8 21.2
4 32.4
4 31.5
4 31.1
4 30.3
8 20.5
8 20.6
8 20.3
8 20.0
8 19.5
8 19.2
8 19.0
8 18.4
8 18.4
8 18.3
8 18.2
3 39.9
3 39.4
3 39.3
8 17.0
3 37.2
8 17.3
3 37.9
3 37.6
8 15.9
3 37.9
3 38.2
8 16.6
8 16.6
8 15.7
8 15.8
8 15.7
8 15.6
8 16.1
8 15.3
8 15.6
8 15.4
8 14.7
8 14.8
8 14.4
8 14.3
8 14.5
8 14.9
8 15.0
8 15.2
8 14.9
8 21.8
8 22.2
8 22.2
8 22.8
8 22.4
8 22.6
8 22.4
8 21.2
8 21.1
8 21.3
8 21.0
8 20.7
8 20.6
8 20.2
8 19.9
8 19.5
8 19.0
8 18.0
8 17.4
8 19.1
8 18.8
8 19.1
8 19.2
8 18.5
8 17.6
8 17.3
8 19.3
8 19.5
8 18.6
8 18.1
8 17.8
8 18.0
8 33.7
8 32.7
8 32.6
8 32.7
8 32.4
8 30.9
8 30.9
8 30.2
8 30.0
8 30.6
8 30.4
8 30.3
8 29.2
8 29.1
8 28.7
8 28.0
8 27.5
8 27.2
8 26.5
8 28.7
8 28.6
8 24.6
8 28.9
6 31.1
6 30.4
7 34.7
8 32.9
8 29.7
8 29.1
8 29.6
8 28.5
8 27.4
8 26.6
8 25.4
8 25.7
8 24.7
8 27.6
8 27.2
8 24.9
8 25.6
8 24.7
8 22.6
8 22.4
8 21.5
8 20.5
8 21.0
8 21.3
8 20.2
8 21.6
8 21.5
8 21.1
8 19.9
8 19.8
8 26.3
8 28.1
8 26.8
8 26.1
8 24.5
8 23.3
8 23.6
7 26.8
7 26.6
7 26.5
8 21.9
8 21.3
8 21.0
8 20.3
8 20.1
8 19.9
8 32.0
8 33.5
8 36.9
8 30.9
8 30.6
8 26.9
3 37.6
3 38.2
3 37.8
3 37.5
3 37.0
3 37.5
3 36.9
3 36.9
3 35.4
3 36.0
3 35.4
3 35.4
3 34.9
3 34.8
3 34.0
3 34.7
3 34.0
3 34.7
3 34.4
3 34.3
3 35.4
3 34.7
3 34.0
3 33.9
3 34.2
8 23.6
8 22.2
8 23.9
8 26.7
8 24.0
8 22.0
8 22.9
8 21.8
8 22.6
8 21.7
8 21.0
8 20.0
8 21.1
8 19.3
8 19.8
8 19.2
8 18.4
8 17.8
8 17.8
8 16.5
8 17.6
8 16.8
8 17.3
8 23.9
8 25.3
8 23.7
8 22.7
8 23.8
8 23.8
8 23.7
8 22.9
8 23.3
8 22.6
8 22.4
8 22.8
8 22.2
8 21.5
8 20.8
8 20.2
8 20.3
8 19.9
8 19.7
8 19.6
8 19.5
8 19.4
8 18.9
7 19.1
8 19.0
8 17.5
8 17.5
8 17.3
8 17.7
8 17.1
7 18.4
7 18.0
7 18.0
7 17.8
7 18.0
8 16.8
8 17.2
8 17.1
8 16.6
8 16.3
8 16.1
8 15.6
8 15.3
8 15.3
8 15.3
8 14.9
8 14.8
8 14.5
8 14.3
Headcount ratio
Urban areas
Headcount ratio (poverty as basic needs) by equivalized income quintiles

1 2 3 4
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 73.3 53.4 33.6 18.3
2004-I 71.8 52.4 32.2 18.6
2004-II 72.9 49.5 28.7 15.5
2005-I 73.0 49.5 28.6 16.7
2005-II 70.6 48.7 29.0 14.3
2006-I 71.6 48.4 27.9 15.1
2006-II 71.3 47.4 27.0 12.7
2007-I 68.3 46.1 25.5 15.8
2007-II 70.8 45.0 24.2 12.5
2008-I 66.1 43.0 25.0 12.1
2008-II 67.0 41.5 24.6 13.6
2009-I 65.4 38.1 22.5 12.3
2009-II 66.8 40.2 24.6 12.3
2010-I 64.8 38.3 22.4 12.0
2010-II 63.7 37.4 24.5 11.7
2011-I 56.1 33.5 20.1 11.5
2011-II 53.7 31.1 22.3 10.9
2012-I 54.0 33.4 18.9 9.9
2012-II 50.6 29.2 19.1 11.7
2013-I 49.7 30.1 20.9 11.0
2013-II 51.8 30.9 19.7 12.0
2014-I 50.6 31.6 19.1 10.1
2014-II 50.7 30.1 22.0 11.3
2015-I 49.5 30.5 19.9 9.8
2016-II 48.2 28.5 20.6 11.0
2017-I 49.1 28.1 20.7 10.8
2017-II 47.0 27.7 19.5 10.7
2018-I 47.0 26.5 19.3 10.4
2018-II 46.8 27.2 17.8 10.2
Bolivia
Urban
1992 95.8 94.1 90.6 82.3
1993 93.9 91.1 83.2 70.8
1997 92.4 87.5 82.2 69.0
National
1997 93.6 90.5 85.9 75.4
1999 97.1 97.0 89.1 82.2
2000 93.5 92.4 91.1 85.7
2001 92.9 93.5 90.7 85.2
2002 96.4 97.9 94.1 79.9
2005 99.3 95.2 91.4 85.0
2006 93.2 94.0 90.6 75.4
2007 96.9 89.9 85.1 69.1
2008 92.7 89.7 80.9 71.6
2009 89.1 86.1 79.1 70.9
2011 87.8 82.0 75.4 61.5
2012 89.2 80.3 70.9 63.0
2013 u
2014 82.3 77.4 70.4 63.1
2015 84.9 77.8 70.0 59.1
2016 83.8 79.5 68.8 61.9
2017 85.6 76.3 68.6 56.3
2018 79.9 75.1 65.1 58.5
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 97.0 95.6 90.0 79.4
1993 96.9 94.9 89.6 77.4
1995 97.9 95.5 89.8 76.6
1996 96.9 94.2 87.6 72.7
1997 97.1 94.8 87.0 72.3
1998 96.7 93.4 85.1 70.4
1999 96.5 92.6 84.3 69.0
2001 95.1 90.8 81.8 66.8
2002 95.2 88.9 79.9 64.7
2003 94.0 87.2 77.9 63.2
2004 92.5 86.0 76.0 60.4
With Rural North
2004 92.7 86.1 76.3 60.9
2005 92.4 84.3 74.2 59.1
2006 90.9 81.4 72.2 58.5
2007 88.7 79.0 68.1 55.4
2008 87.2 76.7 66.6 54.2
2009 86.9 75.9 66.6 53.6
2011 81.7 70.5 62.8 50.2
2012 80.0 68.5 61.0 48.2
2013 78.8 67.2 59.9 47.9
2014 77.6 67.2 60.3 47.6
2015 74.8 63.4 56.7 45.6
New PNADC
2016 69.3 56.7 49.3 37.2
2017 68.9 53.4 47.0 37.1
2018 65.7 53.5 45.7 34.2
Chile
1987 84.9 77.3 65.0 48.4
1990 84.2 73.8 63.7 47.9
1996 70.4 54.6 40.7 25.1
1998 68.8 51.4 37.3 25.1
2000 64.4 49.2 35.7 20.5
2003 58.7 46.3 32.7 21.1
2006 59.1 42.9 33.2 21.3

2009 49.1 37.6 30.6 20.8
2011 39.8 33.0 25.2 20.6
2013 35.8 26.8 23.6 14.9
2015 34.5 25.8 21.4 14.8
2017 32.6 26.5 21.3 14.7
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 82.2 83.7 72.8 55.8
2002 79.5 57.7 44.3 26.1
2003 67.8 60.7 39.2 25.0
2004 64.4 57.3 38.3 23.3
2005 67.0 51.6 36.0 19.2
GEIH-National
2008 88.4 78.1 60.5 41.4
2009 87.5 77.9 61.7 42.3
2010 87.7 77.1 62.3 43.4
2011 86.7 75.2 59.7 42.1
2012 85.7 73.4 56.8 40.5
2013 84.0 71.2 56.1 39.4
2014 81.7 69.6 55.1 38.6
2015 81.1 69.1 53.1 37.7
2016 79.0 64.0 49.7 35.8
2017 76.5 62.4 47.4 33.1
2018 76.2 60.5 45.9 31.6
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 69.5 71.9 53.1 35.0
1990 73.5 68.9 49.5 31.9
1991 72.3 66.8 54.1 33.7
1992 74.3 67.6 51.5 35.5
1993 71.5 58.6 42.4 35.6
1994 75.5 64.7 43.9 38.4
1995 59.0 52.5 38.0 23.4
1996 66.8 56.6 40.9 26.0
1997 66.2 58.2 39.3 28.5
1998 65.0 50.0 31.0 21.5
1999 67.7 53.1 30.7 22.5
2000 72.0 60.5 39.7 27.7
2001 67.4 56.2 32.8 21.9
With Implicit Rent
2001 69.7 56.8 34.3 22.6
2002 70.2 57.3 34.7 23.1
2003 67.9 58.3 32.0 18.2
2004 70.1 54.2 32.5 21.6
2005 63.3 44.8 27.1 19.6
2006 69.8 45.0 29.0 18.9
2007 62.3 38.0 24.5 18.7
2008 61.9 41.2 28.0 15.1
2009 57.5 41.6 29.0 16.1
ENAHO
2010 53.5 37.4 26.3 11.5
2010 52.0 38.5 23.8 11.8
2011 50.1 31.8 19.7 13.1
2012 50.2 32.0 23.4 13.2
2013 48.9 32.2 23.1 10.9
2014 46.9 32.2 21.7 13.3
2015 49.5 33.4 23.3 13.5
2016 52.0 29.8 23.6 13.5
2017 47.0 34.8 21.8 13.3
2018 48.6 33.0 22.3 11.2
Dominican Rep.
2000 92.0 80.0 73.9 61.0
2001 91.5 83.0 75.8 63.9
2002 92.9 78.7 67.8 57.5
2003 93.5 81.5 72.3 56.3
2004 90.0 78.5 70.1 56.2
ENFT 3
2005 89.2 78.4 67.9 54.6
2006 89.0 78.2 64.9 54.3
2007 88.1 73.7 63.2 47.4
ENFT 4
2008 85.5 71.1 62.4 53.3
2009 86.0 72.7 61.5 47.0
2010 84.2 71.7 61.8 46.6
2011 82.4 68.0 59.6 50.0
2012 79.2 64.2 58.6 49.2
2013 79.7 68.9 53.7 48.0
2014 74.6 66.0 54.3 45.0
2015 73.1 67.5 53.2 43.8
2016 74.6 59.7 50.7 38.9
ECNFT
2017 68.5 57.2 47.3 38.9
2018 67.0 52.9 47.3 38.3
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2006 74.3 60.7 48.7 30.5
2007 75.5 61.9 51.1 34.9
2008 74.1 62.6 47.4 33.5
2009 73.5 66.5 52.2 36.6
2010 71.6 62.3 50.2 32.2
2011 71.3 58.7 40.1 26.2
2012 67.0 51.1 37.7 28.2
2013 69.6 58.6 41.0 26.9
2014 74.9 51.4 37.9 25.6
2015 63.2 48.3 32.6 23.1
2016 60.3 47.5 34.3 22.1
2017 56.7 43.3 32.5 21.4
2018 57.2 43.2 31.2 19.9
El Salvador
2000 92.8 93.4 89.3 76.3
2001 89.2 94.3 87.4 77.0
2002 85.2 92.1 86.7 73.0
2003 79.1 90.6 84.6 75.6
2004 89.1 91.0 84.8 75.6
2005 93.9 88.7 83.6 72.7
2006 90.9 89.3 85.0 71.2
2007 97.7 92.1 83.1 72.6
2008 97.8 89.6 81.0 67.2
2009 94.3 91.1 80.8 68.5
2010 97.7 92.1 80.2 67.5
2011 93.6 87.9 80.4 67.0
2012 93.6 86.0 78.2 64.1
2013 92.9 85.9 76.7 64.6
2014 94.9 82.8 73.4 67.0
2015 91.7 86.5 74.6 64.0
2016 93.1 84.6 72.9 64.1
2017 91.7 84.6 75.1 64.0
2018 93.4 79.6 73.2 59.1
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 93.4 90.4 87.8 78.2
2006 97.8 91.5 88.8 74.1
2011 90.9 89.8 79.0 67.9
2014 94.1 90.2 81.8 64.4
ENEI
2002 88.7 92.0 82.4 64.1
2003 97.0 86.9 75.2 62.6
2004 89.9 90.3 89.0 71.9
Honduras
DGEC
1991 83.8 96.3 92.7 82.1
1992 84.3 96.5 92.1 79.9
1993 84.5 95.4 89.5 77.0
1994 83.4 95.9 89.9 75.3
1995 79.5 94.8 87.8 72.2
1996 76.5 95.8 86.6 78.4
1997 95.1 91.5 82.4 68.8
1998 88.1 92.2 81.0 69.4
1999 91.1 87.8 82.3 69.4
INE
2001 88.6 92.8 87.8 69.9
2002 94.9 93.3 84.6 68.7
2003 88.9 92.8 86.2 71.2
2004 93.2 91.7 82.7 67.8
2005 91.0 92.1 85.1 66.1
2006 87.8 91.0 80.1 63.0
2007 86.4 88.5 80.4 63.2
2008 86.6 83.9 73.1 58.8
2009 92.5 85.7 72.5 57.2
2010 82.9 84.6 74.8 54.8
2011 76.7 80.5 67.6 55.4
2012 86.3 79.5 71.3 53.6
2013 83.1 78.0 68.2 53.1
2014 78.3 75.6 68.8 54.2
2015 78.1 79.2 66.8 50.0
2016 84.7 73.4 68.0 53.1
2017 76.9 78.3 73.4 48.6
2018 69.9 78.3 63.2 52.0
Mexico
1989 91.6 89.3 83.1 65.5
1992 97.9 95.4 84.9 68.5
1994 98.8 91.7 83.3 62.2
1996 95.2 91.3 80.6 61.3
1998 96.2 89.5 76.1 54.4
2000 94.5 87.4 68.3 53.1
2002 94.8 85.5 66.3 49.0
2004 93.2 82.8 64.8 49.4
2005 92.7 80.9 62.4 43.1
2006 93.0 76.6 60.7 41.4
2008 88.3 75.4 62.4 45.5
2010 86.1 73.5 55.8 42.5
2012 81.9 72.0 58.9 41.5
2014 81.7 68.0 51.6 35.7
2016 79.6 63.3 49.0 34.6

2018 77.4 60.5 44.8 33.2
Nicaragua
1993 93.6 95.4 95.3 89.3
1998 94.8 96.0 90.4 84.8
2001 99.0 98.3 94.4 87.3
2005 94.7 93.6 89.7 78.0
2009 96.4 94.4 85.4 74.4
2014 96.5 90.3 75.3 64.1
Panama
1989 62.0 59.0 40.0 22.6
1991 59.1 57.4 38.0 22.1
1995 51.1 45.3 26.6 14.1
1997 55.9 43.1 26.8 16.2
1998 48.4 45.0 26.3 17.1
1999 53.7 39.5 27.6 12.3
2000 46.0 43.6 26.1 11.2
2001 50.4 49.1 28.7 15.2
2002 36.9 29.0 17.9 11.7
2003 36.2 31.5 20.2 11.3
2004 35.9 28.0 16.8 10.7
2005 31.0 22.8 15.2 9.5
2006 30.4 24.4 17.8 10.1
2007 27.0 22.5 12.7 8.0
2008 22.1 19.6 10.1 8.6
With Implicit Rent
2008 24.4 18.0 10.9 8.5
2009 24.8 18.1 12.2 7.2
2010 23.8 16.0 13.0 6.7
2011 23.9 19.6 12.2 6.9
2012 23.6 16.7 11.4 6.2
2013 23.6 14.7 9.0 5.4
2014 23.5 14.5 10.4 5.4
2015 17.8 13.7 8.8 4.7
2016 18.8 14.0 10.4 5.3
2017 26.1 15.5 10.3 4.8
2018 19.3 14.4 8.4 5.5
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 82.2 68.4 60.0 34.0
1995 83.1 62.8 49.1 32.2
National
1995 95.0 88.1 73.5 54.2
1997 97.5 91.2 70.7 54.1
1999 94.2 86.0 72.5 46.6
2001 85.0 77.5 67.4 48.9
2002 92.1 82.8 74.5 53.1
2003 88.2 71.7 62.5 49.7
2004 85.4 71.1 57.3 38.2
2005 82.1 70.6 47.9 32.1
2006 90.8 75.2 53.4 36.1
2007 83.5 68.0 50.8 36.2
2008 83.2 68.7 47.7 32.0
2009 79.1 66.7 43.6 26.3
2010 80.5 67.3 49.9 29.6
2011 83.9 63.0 39.6 26.4
2012 72.0 51.4 39.5 24.9
2013 75.9 55.1 32.0 18.2
2014 79.6 53.2 32.3 19.5
2015 70.9 49.2 28.7 21.5
2016 74.7 54.5 35.7 19.7
2017 65.0 47.1 33.5 21.4
2018 68.3 48.7 30.0 19.2
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 85.1 77.3 59.0 44.9
1998 82.1 74.3 59.1 47.0
1999 72.6 71.8 59.7 38.6
2000 88.6 76.1 56.1 39.8
ENAHO 2
2001 80.0 74.3 58.2 42.8
2002 86.1 74.3 57.1 42.0
2003 84.6 74.8 56.3 46.9
ENAHO 3
2003 77.5 73.3 56.4 44.0
2004 82.1 73.3 59.1 37.5
2005 78.2 70.3 56.9 40.5
2006 84.5 70.8 52.5 35.5
2007 81.8 69.5 51.4 36.5
2008 75.4 67.2 50.0 36.5
2009 77.4 61.5 50.3 36.5
2010 73.3 59.7 47.1 34.6
2011 72.1 59.3 47.4 34.9
2012 70.3 56.3 43.6 30.6
2013 72.4 56.0 42.8 32.2
2014 70.5 55.7 43.7 31.1
2015 69.6 55.8 42.9 32.8
2016 69.2 55.3 41.2 30.1
2017 68.3 56.8 42.8 30.6
2018 66.6 52.5 37.8 29.2
Uruguay
Urban
1989 75.8 56.3 41.0 28.2
1992 79.4 58.6 44.0 31.1
1995 72.8 54.5 41.5 27.6
1996 72.1 52.2 38.3 28.6
1997 71.3 51.4 38.5 26.9
1998 71.3 50.0 33.6 23.3
2000 69.3 48.8 31.3 24.2
2001 65.4 41.0 29.9 19.2
2002 59.2 43.2 27.6 19.7
2003 58.5 39.4 26.2 18.1
2004 58.3 35.5 25.0 16.8
2005 56.6 37.2 25.4 17.0
2006 61.6 40.1 26.4 17.3
National
2006 63.8 42.2 28.3 19.3
2007 63.3 42.0 26.5 17.0
2008 58.7 37.5 23.9 16.0
2009 55.5 37.3 23.4 14.8
2010 52.9 35.4 22.6 13.9
2011 49.2 28.7 17.9 11.0
2012 47.5 27.1 17.6 10.1
2013 46.6 27.1 17.5 10.6
2014 44.4 25.2 15.8 9.6
2015 43.0 24.0 15.5 9.2
2016 40.4 22.1 14.5 8.1
2017 38.4 21.1 14.8 7.9
2018 36.0 20.1 14.0 7.4
Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank
using and education variables
s) by equivalized income quintiles Proportion criteria for poverty as basic needs met by quintiles
5 Total 1 2 3 4 5
5.9 36.9 17.4 9.4 5.5 2.7 0.9

5.1 36.0 16.5 9.6 5.1 2.7 0.7
4.6 34.3 16.8 8.6 4.5 2.2 0.7
5.3 34.6 16.4 8.7 4.4 2.3 0.7
4.2 33.4 16.0 8.4 4.4 2.0 0.6
4.5 33.5 16.6 8.1 4.3 2.2 0.6
5.1 32.7 16.1 8.2 4.2 1.8 0.7
5.1 32.1 14.8 7.9 4.0 2.2 0.7
4.7 31.4 16.0 7.9 3.6 1.7 0.6
4.7 30.2 14.0 7.4 3.8 1.7 0.7
4.6 30.3 14.6 7.2 3.8 2.0 0.6
4.3 28.5 14.1 6.4 3.4 1.7 0.6
4.5 29.7 13.7 6.8 3.8 1.8 0.6
3.9 28.3 13.2 6.3 3.3 1.6 0.5
3.5 28.2 13.0 6.3 3.7 1.6 0.5
4.0 25.0 11.0 5.4 3.0 1.6 0.5
3.7 24.3 10.1 5.0 3.2 1.5 0.5
4.2 24.1 10.3 5.1 2.6 1.4 0.6
4.3 23.0 9.1 4.6 2.7 1.7 0.6
4.4 23.2 9.3 4.6 3.0 1.5 0.6
4.4 23.8 9.6 4.7 2.8 1.6 0.6
4.8 23.2 9.2 4.8 2.7 1.3 0.6
4.5 23.7 9.3 4.7 3.3 1.6 0.6
5.0 22.9 9.0 4.6 2.9 1.3 0.7
5.3 22.7 8.3 4.4 3.0 1.5 0.7
5.5 22.9 8.8 4.3 3.0 1.5 0.7
4.7 21.9 8.7 4.2 2.8 1.5 0.6
4.3 21.5 8.2 3.9 2.7 1.4 0.6
3.6 21.1 8.3 4.1 2.6 1.4 0.5
70.8 86.7 42.1 36.0 30.1 23.4 15.7

40.0 75.8 36.8 29.9 22.2 17.2 7.7
38.2 73.8 31.7 26.8 21.6 15.6 7.5
41.8 73.8 34.3 29.5 24.3 17.7 8.5

50.9 77.8 38.5 34.2 28.5 20.7 10.5
50.7 78.5 40.5 36.9 30.3 24.2 11.6
52.6 79.3 40.2 36.8 30.8 23.6 10.6
58.2 81.0 47.8 40.9 33.5 25.0 13.3
47.2 78.3 43.9 35.6 27.9 21.3 9.6
47.1 75.4 41.5 34.2 28.1 19.0 9.9
44.1 72.2 32.8 29.5 23.8 17.5 9.1
44.1 71.5 26.8 27.5 20.5 15.7 9.1
52.7 72.3 28.5 25.2 19.4 16.8 9.9
48.8 67.8 25.1 21.8 18.0 13.3 8.9
43.5 65.7 25.8 20.0 16.6 13.4 8.1
under revision
43.8 64.2 23.8 20.0 16.5 13.9 8.1
47.1 64.6 23.4 20.2 16.5 12.6 8.5
40.9 63.6 22.3 20.2 15.6 12.6 7.0
39.0 61.3 22.4 19.2 15.5 10.9 6.8
42.1 60.8 20.6 17.6 14.2 10.9 7.1
48.8 79.8 36.4 26.7 20.2 14.9 7.8

43.7 78.1 35.1 25.7 19.4 13.9 7.0
41.1 77.2 35.1 25.2 19.0 13.4 6.3
39.7 75.2 33.5 23.6 17.6 12.4 6.1
37.6 74.7 33.8 24.3 17.4 12.0 5.6
35.8 73.2 32.3 22.7 16.5 11.5 5.4
36.2 72.8 31.4 21.9 16.2 11.1 5.3
34.3 71.5 29.4 20.9 15.3 10.8 5.0
33.1 70.0 28.2 19.5 14.7 10.3 4.8
32.2 68.8 26.8 18.8 14.3 10.1 4.7
32.5 67.4 25.4 17.9 13.6 9.5 4.7
32.6 67.4 25.5 18.0 13.7 9.6 4.8

31.8 66.0 24.9 17.2 13.1 9.3 4.6
29.5 64.2 23.3 16.0 12.4 9.1 4.2
28.7 61.8 22.1 15.2 11.5 8.4 4.1
28.2 60.4 20.7 14.3 11.3 8.3 4.0
28.1 60.2 20.5 14.2 11.1 8.2 4.0
26.2 56.5 18.6 12.8 10.3 7.6 3.8
25.9 55.0 17.3 12.0 9.9 7.2 3.7
25.2 54.2 17.1 11.9 9.8 7.3 3.6
25.0 54.0 16.3 11.6 9.8 7.2 3.6
23.7 51.3 15.4 10.7 8.9 6.7 3.3
14.9 43.9 12.5 8.2 6.7 4.9 1.9

16.2 43.0 12.5 7.8 6.4 4.9 2.1
14.7 41.2 11.8 7.7 6.3 4.5 1.9
20.8 57.0 23.5 17.5 13.0 8.4 3.3

22.0 56.9 24.2 17.3 12.7 8.3 3.4
10.6 38.2 16.7 10.3 6.6 3.9 1.6
9.0 36.7 15.2 9.4 6.2 3.9 1.3
7.5 33.7 15.2 9.6 6.3 3.4 1.3

7.6 32.0 11.9 7.8 5.0 3.1 1.0
8.8 32.0 10.8 6.7 4.8 3.0 1.2

7.1 28.4 8.6 5.8 4.4 2.9 1.0
7.9 24.8 6.1 4.6 3.5 2.8 1.0
5.6 20.8 5.4 3.8 3.2 2.0 0.7
5.3 19.9 5.3 3.6 2.9 1.9 0.7
5.6 19.7 5.0 3.8 2.9 2.0 0.8
27.2 61.5 21.3 19.9 15.1 9.5 4.3

9.7 38.2 30.7 19.7 13.1 6.9 2.5
8.6 36.9 24.4 20.3 11.4 6.6 2.2
9.2 34.8 24.0 18.3 11.0 6.2 2.4
6.6 32.1 24.4 16.0 10.0 5.1 1.7
19.5 53.1 24.3 17.0 11.0 6.6 2.8

20.4 53.5 23.7 17.2 11.4 6.8 3.0
19.5 53.6 23.1 16.7 11.4 7.1 2.9
19.8 52.4 22.3 15.6 10.9 6.9 2.9
19.8 50.9 21.2 15.1 10.1 6.5 2.9
19.3 49.8 20.3 14.3 9.8 6.3 2.9
18.7 48.7 19.4 13.9 9.6 6.2 2.7
17.8 47.7 18.5 13.2 9.1 5.9 2.6
17.5 45.5 18.1 12.1 8.4 5.5 2.5
16.6 43.7 17.4 11.6 8.0 5.1 2.4
16.2 42.5 17.0 11.2 7.7 4.9 2.3
16.4 43.2 32.1 28.8 20.6 12.6 5.7

13.3 41.6 33.2 27.7 18.0 11.4 4.6
14.5 43.0 32.5 27.4 19.2 12.1 4.9
18.4 45.1 15.0 12.4 7.9 5.1 2.6
10.2 38.3 29.6 22.0 14.9 12.1 3.5
13.4 40.7 16.3 11.4 6.9 5.8 1.9
9.9 31.6 24.2 20.9 13.6 8.4 3.4
12.4 34.8 26.6 22.0 15.3 8.9 4.3
16.1 36.2 12.6 9.2 6.0 4.1 2.2
6.9 28.9 26.4 19.0 10.7 7.9 2.4
10.1 32.2 29.2 20.5 10.6 7.8 3.5
11.6 36.9 14.1 10.0 6.1 4.3 1.6
9.4 32.6 13.5 9.4 4.7 3.1 1.2
8.6 32.6 14.5 9.6 5.0 3.0 1.1

9.9 33.7 13.4 9.4 5.0 3.1 1.3
7.9 31.2 13.2 9.1 4.5 2.5 1.0
7.9 31.7 13.2 8.3 4.7 2.9 1.0
5.3 27.7 11.7 6.7 3.9 2.6 0.7
6.7 29.4 14.0 6.8 4.0 2.6 0.9
7.0 26.1 11.3 5.4 3.5 2.5 0.9
5.1 26.4 11.2 6.3 3.9 2.0 0.7
6.3 26.6 10.6 6.2 4.0 2.1 0.8
4.5 23.1 8.9 5.5 3.5 1.5 0.6

4.1 22.6 8.7 5.5 3.2 1.5 0.6
4.4 20.8 8.7 4.5 2.6 1.7 0.6
3.7 21.2 7.9 4.8 3.1 1.7 0.5
4.5 20.6 8.0 4.4 3.0 1.4 0.6
3.5 21.2 7.8 4.5 2.9 1.7 0.4
4.0 22.6 8.6 4.8 3.1 1.8 0.5
4.6 22.5 9.2 4.1 3.2 1.8 0.6
4.1 22.3 8.3 5.1 2.9 1.7 0.5
4.3 21.8 8.3 4.7 3.0 1.5 0.6
35.1 64.5 28.9 18.1 14.6 11.2 5.7

40.1 67.3 28.1 19.5 15.7 12.3 6.5
31.4 61.5 28.3 18.3 13.8 10.4 5.3
31.4 63.9 28.8 19.6 15.2 10.0 4.9
32.8 62.9 27.0 18.3 14.0 10.5 5.5
31.2 62.1 26.1 18.9 13.8 10.1 5.1

28.4 60.5 25.8 18.3 13.4 10.0 4.5
28.5 58.4 23.6 16.2 11.9 8.3 4.6
21.8 56.3 22.6 15.1 12.3 9.5 3.5
23.5 56.2 23.9 15.1 12.2 7.9 3.6
24.7 56.2 22.8 15.3 12.3 7.4 3.6
25.4 55.6 22.0 14.7 11.1 8.2 3.7
26.1 54.1 20.9 13.5 10.8 8.4 4.2
24.6 53.5 19.8 14.8 9.7 7.9 3.9
22.4 50.9 18.1 13.1 10.1 7.8 3.6
22.4 50.8 17.3 13.6 9.4 7.4 3.3
19.3 47.6 18.0 11.0 8.6 6.0 2.9
25.9 47.7 14.2 10.3 7.9 6.3 3.8

22.2 45.8 13.6 9.0 7.4 5.9 3.3
16.4 41.0 18.1 12.1 8.7 4.8 2.4

18.2 43.0 17.4 12.4 9.0 5.9 2.7
16.6 41.6 17.9 12.6 8.6 5.3 2.5
19.6 45.2 17.3 13.5 9.7 5.9 3.0
14.7 41.6 15.8 11.8 9.0 5.2 2.2
16.4 37.5 15.5 10.7 6.7 3.9 2.4
13.8 34.7 14.4 9.1 6.3 4.2 1.9
12.8 38.1 16.1 11.5 7.4 4.4 1.9
13.4 37.6 17.3 10.4 6.5 4.2 2.0
11.3 32.6 13.9 9.1 5.7 3.7 1.6
13.1 32.8 12.1 9.3 5.9 3.5 1.8
12.3 30.5 11.3 8.3 5.4 3.3 1.8
10.1 29.4 11.8 8.1 5.2 3.2 1.4
46.4 74.0 45.5 40.0 31.5 20.9 10.4

45.9 73.9 42.3 39.3 28.6 21.1 9.8
45.3 71.8 40.9 37.2 28.9 19.6 9.7
47.2 72.1 36.4 37.7 27.6 20.8 10.6
48.9 73.9 39.2 36.1 28.2 20.1 10.8
45.8 72.6 40.3 33.2 24.6 19.4 9.4
43.2 71.8 38.9 31.7 26.9 18.1 8.9
41.8 72.3 42.3 32.2 24.3 18.5 8.6
36.8 69.5 44.2 30.9 22.5 15.8 6.7
39.1 69.8 43.2 33.0 23.3 16.7 7.4
37.7 69.6 43.2 32.4 23.3 16.4 7.2
38.9 69.0 40.4 30.1 23.8 16.5 7.6
39.4 67.7 39.5 29.1 21.4 15.5 7.6
37.6 67.0 38.9 28.9 21.5 15.0 7.1
37.1 66.4 38.6 27.0 20.3 16.0 6.9
35.0 66.2 35.7 26.5 19.9 14.9 6.7
38.6 66.2 37.0 26.3 19.0 14.5 7.0
40.8 67.2 33.8 26.1 20.1 14.6 7.6
35.1 63.7 33.3 23.5 18.4 13.2 6.3
43.7 71.6 36.0 32.4 26.5 19.4 8.7

35.3 69.0 42.1 31.5 26.5 17.8 6.3
38.0 66.0 29.7 25.6 19.5 14.8 6.8
37.2 66.9 37.8 30.4 23.9 16.0 6.7
30.7 59.7 38.3 35.8 27.3 16.6 6.9

28.3 59.5 39.0 32.8 23.8 16.5 5.5
39.9 69.0 42.1 38.7 33.0 19.8 9.0
46.0 75.9 32.1 40.9 33.2 22.8 10.5

39.5 72.6 29.9 33.1 28.4 21.7 8.1
46.6 73.8 29.4 32.4 28.6 18.5 10.2
39.6 73.0 29.9 34.8 26.6 19.6 7.8
41.0 71.3 24.4 32.7 27.0 18.4 8.4
42.0 71.8 22.8 32.8 25.3 19.4 8.7
43.5 70.7 34.5 28.7 21.9 15.2 8.0

42.3 69.8 29.5 28.2 20.2 14.6 7.9
36.3 69.1 32.1 24.8 21.1 15.0 6.5
33.5 66.2 31.6 28.4 22.2 15.1 6.1

38.3 67.7 35.6 31.9 24.6 15.8 7.5
39.8 67.8 33.1 30.9 25.2 16.8 7.7
34.7 64.9 30.7 27.8 21.3 15.2 6.1
32.5 63.9 32.7 29.1 23.2 14.6 5.8
32.1 61.4 31.1 28.3 20.4 13.3 5.7
31.8 60.9 24.3 24.1 19.4 12.8 5.4
33.9 59.2 26.5 22.7 16.7 11.6 5.6
29.7 57.1 25.4 21.7 16.0 10.9 4.9
26.4 55.4 21.2 20.3 15.8 10.0 4.3
30.1 55.9 20.2 20.1 14.4 10.1 4.8
29.1 56.2 24.6 19.0 15.4 10.0 4.6
23.8 52.7 20.5 17.5 14.0 9.8 3.7
26.1 54.4 21.2 18.6 15.2 10.3 4.1
29.2 54.3 21.1 19.3 14.3 9.8 4.6
26.5 54.3 22.6 17.8 14.9 9.6 4.2
29.8 54.8 18.8 16.8 15.1 9.0 4.8
27.3 52.0 17.3 18.2 13.1 9.0 4.2
36.4 69.3 34.8 26.4 19.5 14.7 6.5

31.6 71.0 40.2 31.5 22.1 14.7 5.8
33.0 68.4 38.3 29.2 20.8 12.5 5.8
29.5 66.7 35.2 27.1 19.8 12.1 5.1
29.0 63.4 36.1 24.2 17.1 10.2 4.8
22.3 59.4 33.8 21.8 13.9 9.5 3.7
20.5 58.0 32.5 21.6 13.9 8.6 3.3
25.5 59.2 34.4 24.0 14.9 10.4 4.9
21.9 56.2 33.5 22.5 14.8 8.6 4.0
20.7 54.5 32.5 21.3 13.8 8.9 3.7
23.7 55.1 25.6 17.7 12.1 8.3 3.7
18.7 51.7 23.4 16.3 10.8 7.5 2.9
20.4 51.6 21.6 15.9 11.5 7.3 3.1
18.1 47.6 20.0 14.3 9.8 6.2 2.9
with previous years
16.7 45.4 19.5 12.8 9.3 5.9 2.6

17.7 43.6 18.7 12.3 8.2 5.7 2.7
64.5 84.7 38.2 38.7 34.4 24.2 14.3

63.8 83.3 43.9 39.5 29.9 24.4 15.2
66.3 86.2 52.5 45.9 34.2 26.4 16.6
54.0 77.9 43.6 35.1 27.1 20.2 12.0
48.2 75.3 42.6 33.2 26.1 19.3 9.5
39.4 67.9 35.2 27.8 19.3 14.7 7.6
7.2 29.6 26.3 23.2 14.6 7.9 2.4

7.3 29.9 25.9 22.2 14.0 8.1 2.5
4.1 21.8 21.0 17.8 9.8 4.9 1.4
5.1 23.2 23.2 16.8 9.5 5.4 1.7
4.1 22.4 20.4 17.1 9.3 5.9 1.4
3.9 20.8 22.0 15.8 9.7 4.2 1.3
4.0 21.4 18.2 16.9 9.0 3.7 1.3
4.7 23.9 20.7 18.3 9.8 5.4 1.7
3.8 16.0 14.0 10.5 6.1 4.0 1.3
4.0 16.8 14.1 11.7 6.9 3.8 1.4
3.2 15.0 13.4 10.1 5.7 3.6 1.1
2.2 13.0 12.0 8.0 5.2 3.2 0.7
2.6 14.0 11.1 8.8 6.0 3.4 0.9
3.3 11.9 9.9 7.9 4.3 2.7 1.1
3.4 10.6 7.7 6.7 3.4 2.9 1.2
3.4 10.6 8.5 6.1 3.7 2.8 1.2

2.3 10.3 9.0 6.4 4.1 2.4 0.8
2.1 9.9 8.3 5.5 4.3 2.2 0.7
1.9 10.5 8.6 6.7 4.2 2.4 0.7
1.8 9.5 8.7 5.7 3.8 2.1 0.6
1.4 8.3 8.4 5.1 3.1 1.8 0.5
1.6 8.7 9.4 5.0 3.5 1.9 0.5
1.8 7.6 6.6 4.8 2.9 1.6 0.6
1.4 8.0 6.7 4.7 3.5 1.8 0.5
1.7 9.2 9.2 5.2 3.4 1.6 0.6
1.6 8.1 6.8 4.8 2.9 1.8 0.6
16.7 51.8 24.1 16.8 12.0 6.4 2.5

14.5 47.2 24.5 12.8 9.8 5.4 1.9
24.4 56.3 35.0 24.8 17.4 10.5 3.9

21.2 56.7 44.4 30.0 17.2 10.1 3.2
21.0 54.4 36.5 24.0 16.8 7.9 3.2
18.0 50.4 28.3 20.3 13.8 8.1 2.8
31.8 60.0 31.6 22.9 15.4 9.9 5.0
24.1 54.0 27.6 17.7 12.6 8.1 3.6
16.0 47.4 26.9 17.2 11.0 7.2 2.3
12.0 43.7 23.2 17.0 8.7 5.3 1.6
9.3 44.9 27.2 15.6 9.8 6.0 1.4
15.5 44.4 22.9 13.9 9.4 5.9 2.2
9.5 40.9 23.3 15.6 9.1 5.2 1.3
13.5 38.3 21.6 13.8 7.3 3.9 1.8
14.7 40.7 23.3 14.4 8.8 4.4 2.0
15.0 38.5 20.9 12.8 6.9 3.9 2.2
11.8 32.7 19.5 10.0 6.3 3.6 1.6
9.4 31.6 16.7 9.7 5.5 2.6 1.3
9.7 32.5 18.5 8.9 5.4 2.8 1.3
10.4 30.1 15.3 8.1 4.2 3.0 1.3
8.3 31.9 17.1 9.6 5.4 2.9 1.1
8.8 30.3 14.1 8.1 4.8 3.0 1.2
7.6 29.1 15.0 8.5 4.5 2.6 1.1
25.9 49.5 26.8 20.4 14.7 9.4 4.9

20.1 48.5 26.6 21.4 14.7 10.4 3.9
22.1 45.7 20.0 19.2 13.9 8.1 4.7
26.4 47.2 23.8 21.3 12.8 8.3 4.4
24.9 48.9 24.9 19.7 13.7 9.1 4.5

20.0 47.3 27.4 20.1 13.3 8.5 3.6
20.1 48.7 25.6 20.2 13.0 9.4 3.7
18.4 46.8 22.6 19.4 12.2 8.8 3.2

17.9 45.9 24.5 18.9 13.4 7.6 3.3
19.6 46.2 22.3 18.1 12.5 7.8 3.5
16.8 43.6 24.2 17.7 11.3 6.8 2.8
17.8 43.6 23.9 17.8 11.1 7.2 3.1
18.9 43.1 20.9 16.2 10.9 7.1 3.4
19.1 42.7 20.3 14.5 10.3 7.1 3.3
18.7 41.0 18.9 13.4 9.7 6.3 3.1
19.3 41.3 18.7 12.7 9.2 6.3 3.1
16.6 38.1 17.2 12.2 8.6 5.5 2.7
17.7 38.8 16.2 11.9 8.5 5.7 3.1
16.8 38.4 16.0 11.7 8.4 5.5 2.8
17.1 38.7 16.2 11.3 8.3 5.8 2.9
17.2 37.6 15.3 11.6 7.7 5.3 2.9
15.5 37.9 15.2 11.8 8.0 5.4 2.6
14.3 35.5 14.3 10.4 7.0 5.0 2.3
14.2 43.1 17.8 10.1 6.9 4.3 2.2

15.0 45.6 19.9 10.4 6.9 4.4 2.0
12.9 41.9 16.0 9.1 6.2 3.8 1.7
12.7 40.8 16.1 8.6 5.6 4.0 1.6
12.7 40.1 15.6 8.5 5.5 3.7 1.7
10.9 37.8 15.7 8.4 4.9 3.2 1.4
9.6 36.6 14.6 7.8 4.6 3.2 1.2
7.7 32.6 13.8 7.3 4.9 2.9 1.1
7.7 31.5 12.6 7.3 4.4 3.0 1.1
7.3 29.9 12.0 6.9 4.2 2.7 1.1
6.3 28.4 11.8 6.1 3.8 2.5 0.9
6.2 28.5 11.9 6.3 4.0 2.5 0.9
6.4 30.4 12.3 6.4 3.7 2.3 0.8
7.1 31.9 13.1 6.9 4.1 2.6 0.9

6.8 30.9 12.9 6.8 3.8 2.3 0.9
6.4 28.3 11.5 5.9 3.4 2.1 0.8
5.6 27.1 10.4 5.8 3.3 2.0 0.7
6.1 26.0 9.8 5.4 3.2 1.9 0.8
4.4 21.9 8.7 4.2 2.5 1.4 0.6
4.0 21.0 8.2 3.9 2.4 1.3 0.5
4.2 21.1 8.1 3.8 2.4 1.4 0.5
3.9 19.6 7.7 3.6 2.1 1.3 0.5
3.9 19.0 7.1 3.3 2.1 1.2 0.5
3.7 17.6 6.7 3.0 1.9 1.0 0.5
3.2 16.9 6.1 2.9 1.9 1.0 0.4
2.9 15.9 5.6 2.8 1.8 0.9 0.4
CEDLAS and The World Bank)
et by quintiles
Total
7.2
6.9
6.6
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
29.4
22.8
20.6
20.6
22.5
24.9
24.9
27.5
23.2
22.5
20.1
18.2
18.1
15.9
15.2
15.0
15.0
14.3
13.6
12.8
19.6
18.8
18.0
17.0
16.9
16.1
15.7
15.3
14.6
14.1
13.5
13.5
13.0
12.3
11.6
11.1
11.0
10.1
9.6
9.5
9.3
8.6
6.5
6.4
6.1
12.5
12.7
7.3
6.8
6.8
5.5
5.1
4.4
3.5
2.9
2.8
2.8
13.1
12.4
11.7
11.0
10.0
10.9
11.0
10.9
10.5
9.9
9.6
9.3
8.8
8.4
8.0
7.7
17.2
16.3
16.8
7.6
14.2
7.0
12.0
13.0
5.7
10.8
12.3
6.2
5.4
5.4
5.3
4.9
5.0
4.3
4.8
4.0
4.1
4.1
3.4
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
14.1
15.0
13.7
14.5
14.1
14.1
13.5
12.4
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.5
11.2
10.8
10.1
9.9
9.0
8.6
7.9
7.8
8.1
7.9
8.7
7.7
6.6
6.0
7.3
7.3
6.1
5.9
5.4
5.3
25.0
24.2
23.4
23.6
23.9
22.5
22.2
21.9
20.9
21.3
21.2
20.9
19.8
19.5
19.0
18.6
18.2
18.3
16.9
20.6
19.7
16.3
19.3
18.6
18.1
24.0
25.2
21.4
21.3
21.6
20.4
19.8
18.7
17.6
17.7
16.5
18.7
18.5
16.2
16.4
15.2
13.7
13.3
12.2
11.4
11.7
12.0
10.6
11.8
11.7
11.5
10.9
10.3
18.2
20.0
18.3
17.4
15.5
13.9
13.7
15.9
14.9
14.4
12.1
11.0
10.8
9.7
9.1
8.7
27.2
28.0
31.8
24.1
23.0
18.3
11.1
11.4
8.2
8.7
8.3
7.8
7.9
8.8
5.7
6.1
5.3
4.6
4.9
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.6
2.7
3.1
2.8
12.2
10.5
13.5
15.2
13.0
11.1
13.7
11.8
10.7
9.5
9.4
8.9
8.6
7.4
8.1
7.4
6.0
5.6
5.8
5.0
5.6
5.1
5.0
11.8
12.3
10.9
10.8
11.7
11.3
11.5
10.7
10.7
10.5
9.8
10.0
9.6
9.2
8.5
8.4
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.3
7.4
6.7
8.3
8.7
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.5
5.3
4.7
4.4
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.3
Basic needs + income poverty
Headcount ratio
Urban areas
Headcount
ratio
Latin America
Argentina
EPHC
2003-II 13.5
2004-I 11.8
2004-II 11.2
2005-I 10.3
2005-II 9.1
2006-I 8.4
2006-II 7.6
2007-I 6.7
2007-II 6.2
2008-I 6.3
2008-II 6.4
2009-I 5.8
2009-II 5.6
2010-I 5.3
2010-II 4.7
2011-I 2.8
2011-II 2.2
2012-I 2.2
2012-II 2.2
2013-I 1.8
2013-II 2.1
2014-I 2.4
2014-II 2.5
2015-I 1.8
2016-II 2.5
2017-I 2.8
2017-II 2.1
2018-I 1.9
2018-II 2.5
Bolivia
Urban
1992 35.1
1993 25.4
1997 17.8
National
1997 17.8
1999 17.5
2000 20.3
2001 18.4
2002 19.6
2005 14.8
2006 10.6
2007 12.3
2008 8.1
2009 6.3
2011 4.4
2012 4.5
2013 under revision
2014 2.8
2015 3.2
2016 4.0
2017 3.2
2018 2.3
Brazil
New PNAD
1992 28.0
1993 28.0
1995 17.1
1996 16.6
1997 16.8
1998 15.5
1999 16.6
2001 17.8
2002 17.0
2003 17.9
2004 15.9
With Rural North
2004 15.9
2005 14.3
2006 12.0
2007 10.7
2008 8.9
2009 8.4
2011 6.3
2012 5.2
2013 4.9
2014 4.0
2015 4.7
New PNADC
2016 4.9
2017 5.1
2018 4.9
Chile
1987 20.7
1990 17.0
1996 7.3
1998 7.1
2000 7.2
2003 6.3
2006 3.2
2009 1.9
2011 1.1
2013 0.4
2015 0.4
2017 0.3
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 23.1
2002 15.3
2003 12.1
2004 11.2
2005 8.9
GEIH-National
2008 14.2
2009 13.0
2010 11.6
2011 9.9
2012 9.1
2013 8.3
2014 7.1
2015 6.5
2016 6.5
2017 6.0
2018 6.1
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 7.6
1990 7.4
1991 9.5
1992 9.4
1993 5.1
1994 5.2
1995 4.2
1996 5.1
1997 5.0
1998 3.3
1999 5.5
2000 7.8
2001 5.0
With Implicit Rent
2001 3.3
2002 3.1
2003 3.4
2004 3.5
2005 3.0
2006 3.6
2007 2.0
2008 2.0
2009 2.0
ENAHO
2010 2.4
2010 1.3
2011 1.9
2012 1.6
2013 1.6
2014 1.6
2015 2.0
2016 1.9
2017 1.4
2018 1.8
Dominican Rep.
2000 7.5
2001 8.1
2002 8.8
2003 13.3
2004 16.6
ENFT 3
2005 12.9
2006 10.1
2007 10.9
ENFT 4
2008 10.0
2009 9.3
2010 9.3
2011 8.0
2012 8.3
2013 7.7
2014 5.6
2015 4.5
2016 4.4
ECNFT
2017 2.8
2018 1.9
Ecuador
ENEMDU
2006 9.0
2007 8.1
2008 7.7
2009 8.0
2010 6.7
2011 4.3
2012 3.8
2013 4.6
2014 4.8
2015 3.8
2016 3.5
2017 2.8
2018 3.4
El Salvador
2000 10.4
2001 12.3
2002 12.1
2003 12.5
2004 12.2
2005 13.4
2006 10.1
2007 7.2
2008 11.6
2009 10.0
2010 10.1
2011 8.8
2012 7.4
2013 6.4
2014 6.1
2015 5.1
2016 4.8
2017 4.1
2018 4.5
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 9.2
2006 9.9
2011 13.4
2014 12.2
ENEI
2002 10.4
2003 10.4
2004 16.9
Honduras
DGEC
1991 42.2
1992 36.7
1993 30.9
1994 32.8
1995 32.7
1996 30.6
1997 23.7
1998 18.4
1999 16.9
INE
2001 13.2
2002 20.2
2003 22.5
2004 22.1
2005 17.7
2006 14.3
2007 10.4
2008 11.2
2009 8.0
2010 9.3
2011 13.0
2012 17.0
2013 13.3
2014 14.2
2015 14.5
2016 13.8
2017 11.2
2018 9.9
Mexico
1989 14.1
1992 11.4
1994 11.0
1996 24.0
1998 15.2
2000 10.2
2002 10.2
2004 9.5
2005 10.3
2006 8.2
2008 7.7
2010 6.9
2012 6.7
2014 5.9
New Methodology
2016 3.9
2018 3.1
Nicaragua
1993 41.0
1998 33.5
2001 27.7
2005 14.1
2009 13.7
2014 6.1
Panama
1989 9.8
1991 9.1
1995 5.3
1997 5.8
1998 5.1
1999 4.3
2000 4.7
2001 6.3
2002 3.7
2003 3.3
2004 3.1
2005 2.6
2006 2.3
2007 1.7
2008 1.0
With Implicit Rent
2008 0.6
2009 0.8
2010 0.6
2011 0.4
2012 0.9
2013 0.4
2014 0.6
2015 0.5
2016 0.3
2017 0.5
2018 0.3
Paraguay
Asuncion
1990 6.2
1995 2.2
National
1995 6.9
1997 7.6
1999 6.5
2001 5.0
2002 11.8
2003 8.7
2004 8.3
2005 7.2
2006 9.2
2007 6.6
2008 5.2
2009 4.4
2010 3.8
2011 4.7
2012 2.3
2013 2.3
2014 1.9
2015 1.8
2016 1.9
2017 1.8
2018 1.9
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 11.1
1998 11.9
1999 10.3
2000 9.0
ENAHO 2
2001 12.8
2002 10.6
2003 10.6
ENAHO 3
2003 10.3
2004 9.8
2005 11.5
2006 9.3
2007 7.0
2008 5.2
2009 5.0
2010 3.9
2011 3.2
2012 2.9
2013 2.7
2014 2.7
2015 2.4
2016 2.3
2017 2.1
2018 1.9
Uruguay
Urban
1989 2.6
1992 1.9
1995 1.7
1996 1.9
1997 1.8
1998 1.8
2000 1.7
2001 2.1
2002 2.5
2003 3.2
2004 4.3
2005 3.6
2006 3.2
National
2006 2.8
2007 2.4
2008 1.5
2009 1.5
2010 1.0
2011 0.8
2012 0.8
2013 0.7
2014 0.5
2015 0.4
2016 0.4
2017 0.3
2018 0.3
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2020 Poverty LA

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or, coefficient of variation and 95% confidence interval.

d Bank)" or "Source: Socio-Economic Database for Latin

2000 4.7 2.0 1.4 4.1

2017 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.7

2016 2.2 0.6 0.3 1.1

2.6 1.5 44.6 26.2 18.4

6.2 3.6 41.3 19.6 12.2

2.7 1.5 20.9 7.8 4.2

0.8 0.4 11.2 4.0 2.0

3.8 2.2 15.0 4.5 2.3

1.9 1.3 9.0 3.2 1.7

8.0 5.8 33.2 17.0 11.9

2.9 1.8 22.5 9.3 5.5

4.7 3.9 12.8 6.6 4.8

1.1 0.8 8.0 3.6 2.3

0.8 0.5 4.8 2.2 1.4

1.2 0.7 9.1 2.8 1.3

1.3 0.6 8.2 2.4 1.1

0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.2

3.4 1.9 24.6 9.9 5.6

1.6 0.9 24.1 10.2 6.0

1.4 0.8 12.6 4.5 2.4

3.6 2.6 25.5 12.5 8.1

14.0 10.3 45.4 21.8 14.3

5.4 3.3 32.0 13.4 7.6

2.5 1.4 35.7 15.2 8.7

1.9 1.2 16.8 5.8 3.0

10.6 6.8 53.8 28.4 19.5

3.3 2.2 42.5 31.4 27.1

0.2 0.1 13.3 3.5 1.3

1.2 0.8 20.9 9.0 5.2

1.3 0.7 41.4 17.3 9.6

1.4 0.7 29.4 9.2 4.1

2000 12.7 4.6 2.6 11.0

2017 3.8 1.0 0.5 3.8

2016 7.8 2.2 1.0 4.7

6.9 3.6 59.3 36.9 27.4

12.8 7.6 62.0 33.1 21.9

6.5 3.6 40.9 17.3 9.8

2.2 1.1 22.5 9.3 5.1

9.6 5.2 40.7 14.1 6.9

4.1 2.4 23.1 8.2 4.3

14.1 9.2 54.7 28.2 19.2

6.4 3.7 44.0 19.1 11.3

6.7 5.0 26.2 11.7 7.7

2.3 1.4 17.9 7.4 4.4

1.5 0.9 11.1 4.4 2.6

2.9 1.6 20.6 7.6 3.9

4.5 2.1 21.0 7.1 3.5

1.0 0.5 3.7 1.0 0.5

8.2 4.5 47.0 20.6 12.1

3.9 2.1 42.9 19.9 12.1

3.7 1.9 30.2 11.2 6.0

6.0 4.0 42.6 21.4 14.1

23.6 16.1 68.6 36.3 24.4

11.3 6.6 54.3 25.7 15.7

5.8 3.2 55.0 27.8 17.5

4.9 2.6 37.5 14.4 7.7

20.2 12.6 75.1 43.4 30.8

6.8 4.1 55.4 38.4 32.4

0.8 0.4 27.9 10.6 5.2

2.8 1.6 38.6 17.5 10.6