2022 Act2 Wages Hours LAC

This version: November, 2022
SEDLAC
Socio-economic database for Latin America and the Caribbean
Wages and hours
Content of wages&hours_LAC.xls
1. Hourly wage in main activity in nominal LCU, by gender, age, education, and area
2. Hourly wage in main activity in nominal LCU, by labor relationship, type of firm and labor category
3. Hourly wage in main activity in nominal LCU, by informality status
4. Hourly wage in main activity in nominal LCU, by economic sector
5. Weekly hours in all jobs, by gender, age, education, and area
6. Weekly hours in all jobs, by labor relationship, type of firm and labor category
7. Weekly hours in all jobs, by informality status
8. Weekly hours in all jobs, by economic sector
9. Monthly labor income in nominal LCU, by gender, age, education, and area
10. Monthly labor income in nominal LCU, by labor relationship, type of firm and labor category
11. Monthly labor income in nominal LCU, by informality status
12. Monthly labor income in nominal LCU, by economic sector
13. Distribution of labor income by labor relationship
14. Inequality in earning (Gini coefficients for the distribution of wages and earnings)
15. Linear correlation coefficients between hours of work and hourly wages
16. Ratio of hourly wages by educational groups. Prime-age males.
17. Mincer: Coefficients of educational dummies in Mincer equations. Males and females
Information taken from this database should be cited as "Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)" or "Source: Socio-Economic
Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEDLAS and The World Bank)". We advise making reference to the date when the dat
was consulted, as statistics may change.
ank)" or "Source: Socio-Economic
erence to the date when the database
Hourly wages
Hourly wage in main activity in nominal LCU
By gender, age, education and area
Gender Age
Total Female Male (15-24)
Argentina
Greater Buenos Aires
1986 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.2
1987 3.8 3.5 4.0 2.4
1988 16.1 14.9 16.8 9.7
1991 26,896 25,730 27,582 18,254
1992 3.7 3.5 3.8 2.5
15 main cities
1992 3.5 3.3 3.6 2.4
1993 3.8 3.6 3.9 2.7
1994 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.0
1995 4.4 4.3 4.5 2.9
1996 4.4 4.4 4.3 2.7
1997 4.3 4.3 4.3 2.8
1998 4.5 4.3 4.7 2.8
28 main cities
1998 4.3 4.1 4.4 2.6
1999 4.1 4.0 4.1 2.7
2000 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5
2001 4.0 3.9 4.0 2.5
2002 3.9 3.6 4.1 2.4
2003 3.9 3.7 4.1 2.4
EPHC
2003-II 4.4 4.4 4.4 2.6
2004-I 4.5 4.3 4.7 2.8
2004-II 4.6 4.5 4.7 2.9
2005-I 4.9 4.8 4.9 3.0
2005-II 5.7 5.6 5.7 3.6
2006-I 6.1 5.9 6.3 4.0
2006-II 6.9 6.5 7.2 4.2
2007-I 7.3 7.2 7.4 4.8
2007-II 8.4 8.0 8.6 5.3
2008-I 9.1 8.9 9.3 6.2
2008-II 10.6 10.4 10.7 7.1
2009-I 11.6 11.6 11.5 7.5
2009-II 12.5 12.5 12.6 8.3
2010-I 13.9 13.8 14.0 9.5
2010-II 16.0 15.7 16.3 11.3
2011-I 17.8 17.1 18.3 12.4
2011-II 20.6 20.4 20.8 14.7
2012-I 22.6 22.8 22.5 16.3
2012-II 25.7 25.5 25.8 18.2
2013-I 29.2 28.5 29.7 20.6
2013-II 32.7 31.9 33.3 22.7
2014-I 37.1 36.0 37.8 26.0
2014-II 43.5 42.7 44.0 31.3
2015-I 48.8 49.2 48.6 35.5
2016-II 78.3 78.4 78.2 55.0

2017-I 87.5 87.9 87.2 62.7
2017-II 98.6 97.4 99.4 66.9
2018-I 112.6 109.9 114.6 77.6
2018-II 125.3 123.4 126.8 85.5
2019-I 149.0 146.3 151.0 102.2
2019-II 181.0 176.6 184.3 122.8
2020-I 237.6 230.8 242.5 160.4
2020-II 260.0 258.2 261.4 164.6
2021-I 314.8 301.1 324.5 208.0
2021-II 383.8 378.0 388.3 256.9
Bolivia
Urban
1992 3.4 3.0 3.8 2.7
1993 3.7 2.9 4.2 2.1
1997 6.7 5.4 7.5 4.0
National
1997 6.1 5.2 6.6 3.9
1999 6.0 5.5 6.3 4.3
2000 5.6 5.2 5.9 3.9
2001 5.7 4.9 6.1 4.1
2002 5.6 5.4 5.8 4.1
2005 7.0 6.4 7.3 6.3
2006 8.2 6.7 9.1 8.0
2007 7.7 6.8 8.2 5.6
2008 9.4 8.2 10.1 7.3
2009 10.0 9.4 10.3 8.1
2011 12.4 11.4 12.9 9.9
2012 13.2 12.3 13.8 10.2
2013 15.4 14.2 16.2 11.9
2014 16.3 15.7 16.7 13.8
2015 16.3 15.8 16.6 13.4
2016 17.5 16.3 18.3 14.4
2017 17.5 16.9 17.8 13.7
2018 18.0 17.8 18.1 14.0
2019 18.8 17.5 19.6 15.0
2020 18.7 18.6 18.9 12.8
2021 19.0 17.5 19.9 14.2
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 136 100 152 76
1982 273 203 306 150
1983 562 408 635 294
1984 1,626 1,205 1,827 834
1985 5,421 4,275 5,986 3,023
Cruzado
1986 17.3 12.8 19.6 9.1
1987 51.5 39.3 57.8 27.3
1988 388 300 434 197
New Cruzado/Cruzeiro
1989 6.1 4.6 6.9 3.1
1990 164 133 180 84.3
New PNAD
1992 7,434 6,655 7,870 4,646
Cruzeiro Real
1993 185 151 203 93
Real
1995 2.7 2.2 2.9 1.4
1996 3.1 2.7 3.4 1.6
1997 3.2 2.8 3.5 1.6
1998 3.3 2.9 3.5 1.7
1999 3.3 2.9 3.5 1.7
2001 3.5 3.1 3.7 1.8
2002 3.7 3.3 3.9 2.0
2003 4.2 3.7 4.5 2.2
2004 4.4 3.9 4.8 2.4
With Rural North
2004 4.4 3.9 4.7 2.4
2005 4.8 4.4 5.1 2.7
2006 5.3 4.8 5.7 2.9
2007 5.9 5.4 6.3 3.4
2008 6.2 5.5 6.6 3.4
2009 6.7 6.1 7.2 3.8
2011 9.6 8.5 10.4 5.6
2012 10.6 9.5 11.3 6.1
2013 12.8 11.5 13.7 7.3
2014 12.5 11.2 13.4 7.0
2015 15.3 14.2 16.0 8.5
PNADC
2012 8.8 8.1 9.3 5.1
2013 9.8 8.9 10.4 5.7
2014 10.6 9.7 11.3 6.0
2015 11.3 10.3 12.0 6.5
2016 12.2 11.3 12.9 6.8
2017 12.7 11.7 13.4 7.0
2018 13.3 12.5 13.9 7.2
2019 13.8 12.8 14.5 7.7
2020 14.5 13.5 15.3 7.7
2021 15.0 14.2 15.6 8.7
Chile
1990 489 392 533 268
1992 697 571 756 366
1996 1,404 1,232 1,491 748
1998 1,569 1,365 1,680 770
New Income Methodology
2000 1,266 1,082 1,369 762
2003 1,383 1,231 1,472 831
2006 1,589 1,451 1,672 1,045
2009 2,067 1,775 2,249 1,305
2011 2,290 2,024 2,466 1,684
2013 2,826 2,465 3,077 1,877
2015 3,008 2,678 3,252 2,000
2017 3,417 3,086 3,664 2,251
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 2,047 2,086 2,021 1,424
2002 2,663 2,848 2,551 1,617
2003 2,559 2,632 2,514 1,647
2004 2,873 2,840 2,893 1,855
2005 3,046 3,123 2,999 2,156
GEIH-National
2008 3,871 3,819 3,903 2,524
2009 3,925 3,937 3,918 2,675
2010 4,210 4,119 4,269 2,746
2011 4,472 4,472 4,473 2,957
2012 4,612 4,534 4,665 3,115
2013 4,915 4,859 4,953 3,341
2014 5,285 5,210 5,336 3,574
2015 5,445 5,367 5,499 3,835
2016 5,649 5,607 5,678 3,983
2017 5,922 5,915 5,927 4,222
2018 6,264 6,355 6,201 4,313
2019 6,561 6,622 6,519 4,537
2020 6,283 6,500 6,148 4,332
2021 6,674 6,866 6,553 4,553
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 101 98 102 70.9
1990 118 115 119 84.9
1991 151 150 151 112
1992 180 178 180 125
1993 232 243 228 165
1994 272 273 272 188
1995 324 319 326 226
1996 374 389 369 258
1997 436 442 433 305
1998 512 520 508 357
1999 568 573 566 396
2000 641 646 638 466
2001 747 744 749 520
2002 807 846 786 557
2003 883 906 871 591
2004 933 948 925 651
2005 1,047 1,008 1,067 700
2006 1,186 1,151 1,205 810
2007 1,407 1,315 1,460 924
2008 1,614 1,553 1,650 1,079
2009 1,887 1,889 1,886 1,267
ENAHO
2010 1,988 1,921 2,028 1,287
2011 2,146 2,155 2,141 1,401
2012 2,338 2,458 2,267 1,421
2013 2,579 2,505 2,625 1,616
2014 2,698 2,677 2,711 1,822
2015 2,552 2,601 2,522 1,700
2016 2,737 2,863 2,657 2,178
2017 2,719 2,759 2,694 1,771
2018 2,744 2,828 2,691 1,823
2019 2,742 2,793 2,710 1,856
2020 2,941 3,179 2,804 1,933
2021 2,810 2,806 2,812 1,771
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 21.2 17.6 22.6 13.6
1997 26.5 25.0 27.1 20.2
ENFT 2
2000 30.8 28.5 31.9 19.8
2001 33.8 31.7 34.8 24.0
2002 33.6 32.8 34.0 22.9
2003 39.9 37.3 41.1 26.1
2004 44.3 40.8 46.1 31.4
2005 60.6 59.1 61.3 41.0
2006 65.0 62.0 66.6 44.1
2007 66.6 62.5 68.8 48.4
ENFT 4
2008 76.9 74.9 78.0 53.9
2009 79.9 77.3 81.2 53.5
2010 84.7 84.2 85.0 59.1
2011 88.3 82.1 92.1 59.5
2012 88.4 85.7 90.1 62.0
2013 95.3 95.1 95.5 62.1
2014 97.5 93.7 99.8 66.4
2015 106.3 100.7 109.7 72.1
2016 112.1 105.6 116.2 74.2
ECNFT
2016 110.5 101.8 115.8 74.2
2017 114.5 111.3 116.6 74.6
2018 126.8 118.9 131.6 79.7
2019 130.6 120.8 136.9 84.2
2020 121.3 116.6 124.0 80.1
2021 130.0 121.8 135.3 86.6
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 2,567 2,198 2,744 1,920
1995 3,323 3,072 3,463 2,484
1998 5,619 5,016 5,942 3,718
1999 8,580 7,312 9,315 5,592
Dollar
2006 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.2
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.0
2004 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.9
2005 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.1
2006 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.1
2007 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.2
2008 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.2
2009 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.3
2010 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.4
2011 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6
2012 2.4 2.2 2.5 1.9
2013 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.9
2014 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.1
2015 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.2
2016 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.1
2017 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.2
2018 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.2
2019 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.1
2020 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.9
2021 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.9
El Salvador
Colon
2000 12.1 11.6 12.6 8.1
2001 11.8 11.1 12.3 8.0
2002 12.8 11.3 14.0 8.1
2003 12.2 11.4 12.9 8.5
Dollar
2004 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0
2005 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2
2006 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.1
2007 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.1
2008 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.1
2009 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1
2010 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.2
2011 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.2
2012 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.2
2013 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.3
2014 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3
2015 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.4
2016 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3
2017 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5
2018 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5
2019 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.5
2020 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0
2021 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 7.4 6.4 7.9 5.3
2006 12.1 11.5 12.3 8.4
2011 12.8 12.2 13.0 9.3
2014 13.5 13.5 13.5 9.5
ENEI
2002 9.6 10.2 9.4 7.7
2003 9.7 9.1 10.1 7.8
2004 9.3 8.7 9.6 7.6
Honduras
DGEC
1991 2.7 2.3 2.8 1.7
1992 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.0
1993 3.6 3.2 3.8 2.5
1994 4.9 4.5 5.1 3.2
1995 5.9 5.1 6.3 3.8
1996 7.0 6.4 7.3 4.4
1997 8.7 7.8 9.2 5.9
1998 12.1 10.5 13.0 7.8
1999 13.3 12.4 14.0 8.7
INE
2001 17.7 18.3 17.4 11.0
2002 18.1 18.5 17.9 11.7
2003 20.7 20.7 20.7 12.6
2004 20.2 20.1 20.2 13.5
2005 23.4 26.7 21.5 15.9
2006 23.5 24.7 22.8 15.7
2007 27.2 27.2 27.2 17.4
2008 34.1 31.8 35.3 20.9
2009 35.8 38.2 34.5 22.2
2010 37.0 39.0 35.9 22.8
2012 45.8 47.5 44.8 25.7
2013 37.6 44.0 34.2 26.4
2014 38.2 43.2 35.4 28.8
2015 39.0 43.9 36.1 26.8
2016 40.4 41.9 39.5 25.8
2017 41.5 44.7 39.6 28.4
2018 42.4 46.1 40.2 31.2
2019 36.4 39.8 34.2 27.4
Mexico
Peso
1989 3,347 2,840 3,545 2,104
1992 6,478 5,234 6,989 3,851
New Peso
1994 7.3 6.4 7.6 4.3
1996 9.9 8.7 10.5 5.5
1998 14.6 13.4 15.3 8.3
2000 20.9 17.3 22.7 13.0
2002 22.3 20.4 23.4 13.3
2008 32.8 30.1 34.3 20.4
2010 31.3 30.4 31.8 19.9
2012 35.5 32.1 37.7 21.9
2014 36.3 34.6 37.4 22.4
New Methodology
2016 38.7 36.1 40.4 22.2
2018 43.7 41.1 45.4 26.6
2020 46.1 44.3 47.3 27.5
Nicaragua
1993 5.7 5.5 5.9 4.0
1998 9.1 7.8 9.7 5.8
2001 12.5 12.7 12.4 9.4
2005 14.3 13.4 14.9 9.7
2009 23.1 22.8 23.3 17.1
2014 41.7 41.4 42.0 31.5
Panama
1989 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.0
1991 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.1
1995 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.2
1997 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.3
1998 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.4
1999 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.7
2000 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8
2001 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.3
2002 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.3
2003 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.3
2004 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.4
2005 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.4
2006 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.5
2007 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.7
2008 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.8
2009 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.0
2010 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.1
2011 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.3
2012 4.0 4.0 4.1 2.7
2013 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.8
2014 4.3 4.2 4.4 2.9
2015 4.7 4.5 4.9 3.1
2016 5.1 5.3 4.9 3.3
2017 5.0 4.9 5.0 3.7
2018 5.3 5.4 5.3 4.0
2019 5.5 5.1 5.7 3.7
2021 6.7 6.7 6.8 3.9
Paraguay
1995 3,666 3,492 3,764 2,526
1997 4,427 4,400 4,442 2,833
1999 4,790 4,527 4,951 3,457
2001 4,873 4,621 5,035 3,207
2002 4,998 4,003 5,608 3,115
2003 5,737 5,754 5,726 3,820
2004 5,751 5,566 5,874 3,950
2005 6,416 5,883 6,767 3,895
2006 6,331 5,607 6,787 4,337
2007 7,672 7,205 7,972 4,943
2008 8,244 8,097 8,334 5,087
2009 8,181 7,713 8,476 5,386
2010 10,123 10,284 10,022 6,900
2011 11,507 10,865 11,928 6,977
2012 10,739 10,277 11,063 7,950
2013 12,054 11,247 12,621 7,820
2014 14,039 12,708 14,912 8,658
2015 13,209 12,643 13,568 8,865
2016 13,368 12,465 13,942 8,700
2017 14,498 13,416 15,182 9,262
2018 15,165 14,595 15,528 9,834
2019 15,441 14,691 15,943 10,492
2020 14,055 13,658 14,315 9,419
2021 15,534 15,760 15,386 10,153
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.0
1998 3.6 3.1 3.9 3.1
1999 3.6 3.4 3.8 2.7
2000 3.3 2.7 3.7 2.4
ENAHO 2
2001 3.5 3.2 3.7 2.7
2002 3.7 3.4 3.9 2.6
2003 3.3 3.0 3.5 2.3
ENAHO 3
2003 3.7 3.2 4.0 2.5
2004 3.4 2.9 3.7 2.4
2005 3.4 3.0 3.6 2.6
2006 3.7 3.2 4.1 2.5
2007 4.3 3.9 4.6 2.8
2008 4.6 4.0 5.0 3.2
2009 5.0 4.4 5.4 3.6
2010 5.3 4.5 5.8 4.2
2011 5.7 4.9 6.3 4.2
2012 6.3 5.2 7.0 4.9
2013 6.3 5.5 6.9 5.0
2014 6.6 5.8 7.2 5.1
2015 6.7 5.9 7.3 5.3
2016 7.1 6.3 7.7 5.8
2017 7.3 6.5 7.9 5.9
2018 7.4 6.4 8.1 5.9
2019 7.7 6.9 8.3 5.9
2020 7.3 6.8 7.7 5.9
2021 7.3 6.6 7.8 5.6
Uruguay
Urban
1989 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6
1992 4.4 3.8 4.7 2.5
1995 15.2 13.7 16.2 9.2
1996 20.7 18.8 22.1 12.3
1997 25.9 23.7 27.3 15.2
1998 32.1 29.1 34.2 17.9
2000 36.8 34.7 38.3 21.4
2001 39.4 37.2 41.2 20.4
2002 37.4 36.0 38.5 19.1
2003 38.7 35.8 40.9 19.9
2004 42.8 40.5 44.5 20.7
2005 46.4 43.6 48.6 23.5
2006 55.4 51.2 58.7 27.7
National
2006 53.9 50.1 56.8 27.3
2007 59.9 56.4 62.5 31.2
2008 68.1 62.0 72.9 37.5
2009 79.4 72.3 84.9 43.5
2010 84.8 78.2 89.8 47.2
2011 96.1 91.3 99.9 57.4
2012 104.4 99.9 108.1 63.3
2013 116.9 110.3 122.0 71.9
2014 132.2 125.9 137.2 82.5
2015 146.7 138.9 152.8 91.6
2016 161.1 153.0 167.5 98.9
2017 181.1 174.1 186.8 112.3
2018 190.8 185.4 195.0 116.2
2019 205.7 198.4 211.5 128.3
2020 219.3 213.0 224.4 143.5
New Methodology
2021-II 224.7 218.7 229.8 134.0
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 36.9 33.7 38.2 25.2
1992 88.9 81.1 92.4 60.2
1995 268 243 280 185
1997 800 741 830 539
1998 1,071 954 1,134 727
1999 1,186 1,137 1,211 864
2000 1,322 1,354 1,305 1,044
2001 1,576 1,552 1,590 1,125
2002 1,773 1,752 1,786 1,277
2003 1,971 1,967 1,973 1,446
2004 2,452 2,440 2,459 1,807
2005 3,194 3,091 3,257 2,497
2006 4,310 4,132 4,416 3,348
Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
Age Education Area

(25-64) (65 +) Low Mid High Rural Urban
2.0 2.2 1.3 1.9 3.3 1.8

4.2 3.6 2.7 3.8 7.0 3.8
17.8 18.0 10.7 16.3 31.0 16.1
28,789 41,547 19,462 26,142 44,409 26,896
4.0 4.5 2.7 3.5 6.1 3.7
3.7 4.2 2.5 3.3 5.6 3.5

4.1 4.5 2.9 3.5 6.1 3.8
4.8 4.9 3.2 4.1 7.3 4.4
4.8 4.8 3.1 4.1 7.8 4.4
4.7 5.0 3.0 3.8 7.8 4.4
4.6 5.8 3.0 3.8 7.4 4.3
4.9 6.3 2.9 3.9 8.3 4.5
4.6 5.9 2.8 3.8 7.8 4.3

4.3 5.1 2.7 3.7 7.1 4.1
4.3 4.4 2.6 3.6 6.9 4.0
4.2 4.6 2.6 3.5 6.7 4.0
4.1 4.6 2.5 3.3 6.9 3.9
4.2 4.8 2.5 3.4 6.7 3.9
4.7 5.3 2.8 3.6 7.4 4.4

4.7 7.1 2.9 3.9 7.5 4.5
4.8 6.8 2.9 4.0 7.5 4.6
5.2 5.3 3.2 4.1 7.9 4.9
5.9 8.0 3.5 4.7 9.4 5.7
6.5 7.0 3.9 5.0 10.3 6.1
7.3 8.0 4.2 5.6 11.6 6.9
7.6 10.4 4.7 6.1 11.9 7.3
8.9 9.8 5.4 7.1 13.3 8.4
9.6 10.5 6.3 7.9 14.0 9.1
11.2 12.3 6.9 9.4 16.0 10.6
12.1 15.1 7.6 10.0 17.7 11.6
13.2 13.5 8.3 10.8 18.9 12.5
14.4 18.7 9.3 11.9 20.8 13.9
16.6 21.2 10.7 13.5 24.1 16.0
18.4 22.8 11.8 15.4 26.3 17.8
21.3 25.6 13.8 17.5 30.4 20.6
23.4 26.8 15.7 19.9 32.3 22.6
26.6 31.0 17.8 22.8 35.8 25.7
30.0 41.0 20.5 24.8 42.0 29.2
33.9 39.8 22.4 28.4 46.8 32.7
38.3 47.2 26.2 32.1 53.4 37.1
44.2 65.4 29.4 37.6 62.7 43.5
50.1 62.8 35.8 42.1 69.3 48.8
80.3 100.3 54.2 65.3 113.7 78.3

90.0 107.2 61.4 74.8 124.4 87.5
102.4 109.6 69.5 84.1 138.2 98.6
114.3 169.2 76.4 92.9 164.0 112.6
128.0 176.1 87.5 105.1 176.8 125.3
153.5 174.6 103.5 122.8 213.1 149.0
185.9 221.7 118.3 149.3 256.9 181.0
246.1 247.0 156.9 198.8 330.6 237.6
265.9 378.0 166.8 213.6 364.1 260.0
322.7 447.6 236.5 246.7 434.9 314.8
395.9 447.5 255.5 315.3 529.9 383.8
3.7 3.1 2.3 3.5 6.0 3.4

4.2 3.6 2.0 3.1 7.5 3.7
7.4 6.7 4.3 5.7 13.3 6.7
6.7 4.5 4.0 6.0 13.1 4.5 6.7
6.6 4.1 3.2 6.7 14.3 2.4 7.6
6.2 2.8 3.0 5.3 14.8 2.7 6.8
6.3 3.7 3.5 5.2 13.3 3.6 6.6
6.3 2.9 3.3 5.7 14.6 3.0 6.7
7.5 3.1 3.9 6.8 16.7 3.8 8.3
8.7 3.5 4.3 6.7 19.8 4.6 9.7
8.5 4.1 4.4 7.0 16.0 5.1 8.7
10.2 5.1 6.6 8.8 17.1 7.5 10.2
10.8 5.3 7.1 9.4 16.7 7.0 11.2
13.1 9.7 9.3 11.6 18.9 9.7 13.4
14.3 8.6 9.6 12.2 20.9 10.5 14.3
16.8 9.2 10.0 13.7 24.9 11.1 17.1
17.4 10.0 11.8 15.4 26.2 11.9 18.0
17.3 10.5 12.2 15.1 25.6 11.6 18.2
18.6 12.2 12.0 15.9 29.3 13.4 19.2
18.9 10.2 11.4 15.9 29.0 11.8 19.8
19.2 12.3 11.9 15.7 30.4 12.7 20.1
19.9 13.0 13.0 16.0 30.1 15.1 20.2
20.1 13.8 11.6 16.2 30.4 11.8 21.5
20.1 13.0 13.1 16.5 29.0 16.6 19.8
168 131 93 226 515 72 156

337 263 181 453 1,181 136 314
694 649 373 907 2,317 302 642
2,013 1,609 1,068 2,532 6,490 917 1,831
6,647 5,069 3,677 8,656 20,067 3,121 6,062
21.5 18.3 11.5 24.8 68.4 9.7 19.4

63.3 51.0 32.3 77.8 204 26.1 58.5
479 340 232 580 1,579 190 443
7.5 6.6 3.7 9.1 23.8 3.1 6.9

198 169 101 240 618 80.9 186
8,633 6,466 5,252 11,084 21,911 4,338 8,098
220 186 115 257 684 102 202
3.1 2.9 1.6 3.5 9.9 1.4 2.9

3.7 3.5 1.9 4.0 11.3 1.6 3.4
3.7 3.8 1.9 4.1 11.4 1.6 3.6
3.8 3.9 1.9 4.0 11.8 1.7 3.6
3.7 4.0 1.9 3.8 11.6 1.8 3.6
3.9 4.6 2.0 3.9 12.1 1.8 3.7
4.2 4.6 2.1 4.0 12.5 1.9 4.0
4.7 5.2 2.5 4.3 13.8 2.3 4.5
4.9 5.9 2.6 4.6 13.7 2.5 4.7
4.9 5.8 2.6 4.6 13.7 2.6 4.7

5.4 6.3 2.8 4.9 14.8 2.8 5.2
6.0 6.8 3.2 5.1 15.8 3.3 5.7
6.6 8.0 3.7 5.7 16.5 3.8 6.3
6.8 8.4 3.8 5.7 17.0 3.9 6.5
7.4 8.2 4.0 6.2 18.0 4.2 7.1
10.4 12.5 6.0 8.9 23.0 5.8 10.1
11.4 14.5 6.4 9.4 25.8 6.1 11.1
13.8 18.6 7.5 10.9 31.2 7.2 13.5
13.4 19.0 7.6 10.5 29.8 7.9 13.1
16.3 20.6 8.7 12.3 37.4 7.9 16.3
9.6 12.8 5.4 7.6 21.3 5.5 9.3

10.5 15.0 5.9 8.3 23.2 6.0 10.3
11.4 16.1 6.4 8.7 24.8 6.8 11.1
12.1 16.5 6.9 9.3 25.3 7.2 11.8
13.0 18.6 7.2 9.7 27.6 7.8 12.8
13.5 18.9 7.6 10.0 27.7 8.2 13.2
14.1 21.3 7.8 10.4 28.1 8.6 13.9
14.6 21.9 8.0 10.5 29.3 8.7 14.4
15.3 23.3 8.3 10.7 29.3 9.2 15.2
15.6 26.5 8.5 11.0 30.1 9.5 15.7
531 779 313 431 1,056 364 515
763 1,009 418 605 916 463 737
1,502 2,100 758 1,210 3,072 733 1,509
1,664 2,684 821 1,243 3,399 877 1,663
1,334 1,317 653 979 2,757 815 1,326

1,454 1,694 756 1,033 2,971 933 1,441
1,670 1,682 925 1,216 3,233 1,190 1,640
2,161 2,477 1,222 1,530 3,983 1,482 2,144
2,382 2,272 1,371 1,712 4,398 1,878 2,344
2,961 2,711 1,595 2,081 5,124 2,200 2,906
3,114 3,317 1,778 2,193 5,164 2,334 3,094
3,532 3,613 1,942 2,452 5,641 2,956 3,475
2,229 1,814 1,202 1,934 6,411 1,155 2,357

2,954 2,345 1,415 2,453 8,183 1,492 3,035
2,791 2,569 1,462 2,423 7,140 1,391 2,930
3,096 3,274 1,559 2,580 8,240 1,481 3,292
3,235 3,573 1,697 2,734 8,190 1,580 3,491
4,158 3,605 2,256 3,299 9,373 2,413 4,229

4,221 3,334 2,312 3,449 9,939 2,412 4,333
4,534 3,891 2,440 3,617 10,674 2,576 4,648
4,814 4,133 2,605 3,762 11,272 2,800 4,909
4,982 3,869 2,737 3,946 11,317 2,895 5,057
5,267 4,483 2,850 4,080 11,733 3,022 5,396
5,682 4,621 3,009 4,299 12,599 3,254 5,788
5,820 4,796 3,200 4,531 12,662 3,450 5,941
6,040 4,785 3,313 4,656 12,903 3,735 6,135
6,293 5,356 3,537 4,845 13,153 4,075 6,389
6,679 5,504 3,662 5,013 13,983 4,047 6,822
7,006 5,353 3,768 5,164 14,678 4,233 7,135
6,653 5,712 3,507 4,871 13,839 4,195 6,842
7,060 6,324 3,883 5,179 14,406 4,552 7,210
114 88.9 78.3 120 229 84.7 120
134 102 90.0 139 272 100 139
167 125 116 175 367 132 174
201 157 136 204 425 152 214
259 196 173 255 533 198 274
304 260 204 309 616 230 322
364 274 243 350 711 288 366
414 352 281 409 805 321 439
471 646 333 459 933 381 503
563 533 377 535 1,090 434 607
622 596 429 603 1,193 510 629
697 700 476 703 1,331 542 741
823 683 520 760 1,616 621 827
880 899 547 837 1,717 676 891
972 809 595 876 1,827 711 989
1,005 1,101 615 932 1,965 756 1,039
1,114 1,868 722 1,007 2,126 877 1,151
1,287 1,209 800 1,118 2,425 1,008 1,295
1,551 1,338 932 1,314 2,919 1,179 1,548
1,746 1,983 1,072 1,473 3,264 1,360 1,773
2,018 2,332 1,219 1,682 3,747 1,598 2,064
2,078 3,902 1,371 1,803 3,844 1,700 2,079

2,273 3,156 1,367 1,931 4,376 1,793 2,258
2,392 6,024 1,410 2,127 4,697 1,897 2,478
2,683 4,607 1,521 2,215 5,325 2,197 2,698
2,827 3,282 1,761 2,240 5,358 2,151 2,874
2,702 2,500 1,592 2,245 5,220 2,165 2,678
2,810 3,259 1,850 2,311 5,651 2,542 2,800
2,858 3,130 1,764 2,304 5,521 2,245 2,874
2,864 3,219 1,716 2,390 4,956 2,175 2,927
2,856 3,060 1,761 2,293 4,862 2,362 2,865
3,034 3,435 1,872 2,443 4,936 2,558 3,072
2,962 2,365 1,795 2,209 5,090 2,269 2,992
23.8 24.1 17.0 20.0 39.2 18.1 23.7
28.9 26.9 21.5 27.9 50.5 22.1 29.3
34.1 31.6 23.6 28.3 62.0 25.0 33.9

36.9 29.6 26.3 33.0 64.8 27.3 37.1
36.9 28.3 24.3 33.3 65.7 25.7 37.8
43.3 40.4 28.4 37.4 78.0 31.8 43.9
48.5 35.6 33.9 41.4 80.9 36.1 48.2
65.6 58.7 45.3 57.7 113 49.8 65.4
70.5 61.3 48.1 59.8 124 52.6 70.2
71.5 57.4 49.6 62.4 120 56.2 70.8
83.5 61.4 55.4 69.8 141 58.4 84.1

86.7 67.6 56.9 69.7 152 60.0 86.9
91.7 64.4 61.6 74.1 158.0 72.4 88.8
96.1 80.1 64.0 80.6 163.1 75.8 92.4
94.6 79.6 66.2 75.6 158.6 74.4 92.6
101.7 110.1 65.6 81.5 178.2 73.8 101.3
103.8 98.9 76.3 82.8 162.9 79.1 102.3
113.4 108.6 81.8 87.5 184.5 88.3 110.9
119.1 124.4 84.4 92.5 189.9 92.2 117.1
118.0 117.0 90.5 97.1 180.9 99.9 113.2

121.9 125.4 88.9 99.1 203.8 108.1 116.1
134.4 151.5 92.2 105.3 243.3 108.1 131.2
136.6 165.7 98.6 109.5 236.1 115.7 133.9
124.8 168.3 96.0 103.8 217.3 103.7 125.2
136.9 148.9 101.5 111.4 220.1 117.2 132.7
2,816 2,749 1,947 2,581 5,556 2,246 2,797

3,712 2,633 2,331 3,912 6,585 2,234 3,822
6,490 3,852 3,742 6,332 12,154 3,914 6,677
9,565 9,554 6,403 8,372 17,013 7,688 9,049
2.1 1.4 1.1 1.9 4.2 1.1 2.2
1.5 1.1 0.9 1.4 2.9 0.9 1.6

1.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 3.0 1.0 1.7
1.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.9 1.0 1.6
1.7 1.6 1.1 1.5 3.1 1.2 1.8
1.9 1.6 1.2 1.6 3.4 1.2 1.9
1.9 1.7 1.2 1.7 3.2 1.4 1.9
2.0 1.6 1.3 1.7 3.4 1.4 2.0
2.2 1.8 1.4 1.8 3.7 1.6 2.2
2.2 1.8 1.6 2.0 3.4 1.7 2.3
2.5 1.9 1.8 2.3 3.9 2.0 2.6
2.7 2.0 1.8 2.4 4.6 2.1 2.8
2.9 2.2 2.1 2.5 4.6 2.4 2.8
3.0 2.3 2.1 2.6 4.8 2.6 3.0
3.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 4.9 2.5 3.0
3.0 2.4 2.2 2.6 4.6 2.4 3.0
3.0 2.2 2.0 2.6 4.9 2.3 3.1
2.9 2.2 2.0 2.5 4.6 2.3 2.9
2.7 2.2 1.9 2.3 4.6 2.3 2.7
2.7 2.1 1.9 2.3 4.4 2.2 2.7
13.2 15.4 8.0 13.6 32.8 7.5 14.6

13.2 9.1 8.0 12.9 30.7 7.8 14.0
13.4 22.4 8.1 12.6 38.5 7.8 15.5
13.5 9.5 8.8 12.7 28.8 8.9 13.7
1.5 0.9 1.0 1.5 3.2 1.0 1.6

1.7 1.4 1.1 1.7 3.4 1.2 1.8
1.7 1.1 1.1 1.5 3.9 1.1 1.8
1.8 1.5 1.2 1.5 3.9 1.2 1.8
1.8 1.2 1.1 1.6 4.4 1.2 1.9
1.8 1.3 1.1 1.6 3.8 1.2 1.8
1.7 1.3 1.2 1.6 3.6 1.2 1.8
1.8 1.6 1.2 1.5 3.9 1.3 1.8
1.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 3.6 1.3 1.8
1.9 2.0 1.3 1.6 4.2 1.4 2.0
1.9 1.5 1.3 1.7 3.8 1.4 2.0
1.9 1.5 1.4 1.7 3.7 1.5 2.0
1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 3.6 1.4 2.0
2.0 1.3 1.4 1.8 3.8 1.5 2.0
2.1 1.6 1.4 1.9 3.7 1.6 2.2
2.2 1.6 1.5 1.9 4.2 1.7 2.2
2.3 1.7 1.5 2.0 4.8 1.7 2.4
2.3 1.7 1.6 2.1 3.9 1.8 2.3
8.8 4.8 4.8 11.7 28.2 5.1 9.6

13.4 14.9 8.3 16.7 41.2 8.1 15.1
14.6 7.6 8.7 18.6 35.8 9.1 15.5
15.3 11.4 9.7 17.8 39.7 10.0 16.2
10.6 7.8 6.4 16.0 34.7 6.4 13.5

11.1 6.1 6.7 15.4 34.3 6.9 13.2
10.3 6.1 6.6 14.5 28.9 6.5 11.4
3.0 3.1 2.0 4.5 9.4 2.2 3.2

3.7 3.0 2.3 5.0 11.6 2.4 3.8
4.1 3.2 2.7 5.6 12.0 2.8 4.4
5.6 5.4 3.8 7.5 15.5 4.3 5.5
7.0 5.0 4.6 8.5 23.2 5.2 6.6
7.9 10.9 5.5 9.6 21.9 5.7 8.1
10.0 10.3 7.0 11.6 26.2 7.4 9.8
13.6 21.4 9.6 17.9 31.8 11.3 12.7
15.6 17.5 11.0 17.3 36.3 12.3 14.2
20.7 16.6 12.8 27.1 55.3 13.4 21.5

20.7 19.9 13.7 26.6 57.2 14.2 21.4
23.7 24.5 15.9 30.5 64.5 15.7 25.2
23.1 17.2 14.5 29.2 64.0 15.3 24.5
26.2 27.1 17.6 31.1 74.8 20.5 26.0
26.3 24.4 16.9 32.9 74.7 17.1 29.3
30.8 27.8 19.3 38.3 87.4 19.2 34.9
38.4 42.0 25.6 42.4 98.0 26.8 40.8
40.4 43.5 27.1 45.3 110.4 27.3 44.5
42.5 32.3 28.0 43.6 109.9 30.4 43.6
50.1 73.6 37.9 48.4 113.7 42.9 48.6
39.3 60.4 29.0 46.1 99.7 31.0 44.3
41.4 38.8 29.6 45.9 94.7 30.8 45.6
42.4 50.3 29.2 46.7 102.6 30.1 46.0
45.7 38.6 29.6 48.5 112.4 32.2 46.7
45.9 43.3 30.8 45.9 106.4 32.4 48.1
44.8 55.8 30.7 50.4 115.6 30.8 51.1
39.8 33.2 25.3 44.6 92.6 24.1 44.9
3,797 3,639 2,576 3,342 7,385 2,618 3,702

7,325 9,500 4,674 6,413 15,821 4,456 7,078
8.4 6.0 4.6 7.5 19.2 4.3 8.2

11.3 7.9 6.3 9.9 24.7 6.2 11.0
16.8 13.8 9.8 14.4 35.7 10.0 16.0
23.6 15.0 11.9 19.0 53.3 11.7 23.5
25.2 17.7 13.5 21.8 54.6 14.3 24.5
36.8 26.4 19.5 29.5 75.9 20.1 35.8
34.7 24.8 19.2 26.7 66.8 22.5 33.3
40.0 23.5 21.7 29.1 82.9 24.7 38.2
40.2 30.3 21.0 29.7 80.7 23.7 39.6
42.8 36.2 23.5 31.9 80.9 26.1 42.0

48.0 39.2 27.2 36.2 85.8 31.7 47.2
50.6 42.8 29.3 38.2 86.2 34.6 49.4
6.4 4.6 4.7 7.4 14.3 4.0 6.6
10.6 6.3 6.5 11.0 33.5 6.3 10.8
13.7 11.4 9.8 13.4 30.1 9.1 14.4
15.7 18.4 11.3 15.0 35.3 11.7 15.9
25.2 20.4 19.4 23.0 45.9 20.6 24.6
44.5 43.5 33.5 39.6 79.9 36.1 45.1
2.1 1.7 1.1 1.9 3.8 1.3 2.2

2.2 2.1 1.2 1.9 4.0 1.5 2.3
2.4 1.9 1.3 2.0 4.4 1.5 2.5
2.4 2.7 1.3 2.0 4.3 1.5 2.5
2.7 7.7 1.6 2.3 4.9 1.9 2.8
2.5 2.6 1.4 2.2 4.3 1.7 2.6
3.0 4.1 1.7 2.6 4.9 2.1 3.1
2.4 1.9 1.3 2.1 4.6 1.4 2.6
2.5 2.6 1.3 2.2 4.7 1.4 2.8
2.5 1.7 1.3 2.0 4.5 1.4 2.6
2.5 1.7 1.3 2.0 4.6 1.4 2.7
2.4 1.9 1.3 2.0 4.5 1.5 2.6
2.5 1.9 1.4 2.0 4.5 1.5 2.7
2.6 2.3 1.5 2.2 4.6 1.6 2.8
2.9 2.4 1.6 2.4 4.9 1.8 3.0
3.1 2.5 1.7 2.6 5.4 2.0 3.4
3.3 2.3 1.8 2.8 5.6 2.1 3.6
3.7 3.7 2.1 2.9 6.1 2.3 3.9
4.3 3.3 2.3 3.4 7.1 2.8 4.5
4.3 3.3 2.2 3.5 7.1 2.6 4.6
4.6 4.2 2.5 3.8 7.3 2.7 4.9
5.0 4.5 2.6 3.8 8.3 3.0 5.3
5.4 4.3 2.6 4.9 8.0 3.0 5.8
5.2 4.2 3.0 4.1 8.4 3.5 5.5
5.6 4.6 3.3 4.4 8.9 3.8 5.9
5.8 4.4 3.1 4.6 9.1 3.8 6.1
7.0 7.8 3.8 5.0 11.9 4.8 7.4
4,063 4,432 2,709 4,525 9,345 2,658 4,344

5,060 3,353 2,927 5,356 13,514 3,054 5,290
5,099 6,579 3,555 5,380 11,765 3,721 5,489
5,528 4,000 3,305 5,754 12,415 3,676 5,696
5,717 3,944 4,211 4,900 10,697 4,776 5,151
6,384 5,346 4,261 5,866 13,001 5,186 6,116
6,502 4,268 4,611 6,031 11,795 5,445 5,962
7,201 6,261 4,894 6,202 12,932 5,867 6,784
6,982 6,602 4,425 6,621 13,853 5,169 7,100
8,608 6,936 5,815 7,643 15,222 7,304 7,903
9,329 8,148 6,035 8,293 15,681 7,743 8,542
9,083 9,078 6,088 8,531 14,799 7,563 8,547
11,218 7,977 7,510 11,000 17,320 8,700 10,939
12,863 11,025 8,688 10,948 19,897 10,704 11,970
11,689 9,653 8,051 9,881 20,183 8,466 12,065
13,303 12,087 8,485 11,057 21,325 9,783 13,389
15,267 20,227 11,130 12,684 22,586 13,294 14,456
14,465 13,346 8,720 12,305 23,107 10,093 14,887
14,747 11,899 9,905 11,745 23,073 11,079 14,546
15,669 18,725 10,917 12,480 24,453 12,653 15,420
16,557 16,429 10,112 13,673 26,177 12,713 16,401
16,935 12,445 10,979 14,069 24,079 13,088 16,598
15,193 14,622 9,804 12,146 22,944 12,298 14,945
16,759 17,221 11,640 12,324 25,810 13,753 16,414
3.6 3.0 2.5 3.8 6.7 2.2 3.9

3.8 2.5 2.3 3.8 6.2 2.2 4.1
4.0 2.6 2.4 3.5 7.0 2.1 4.3
3.6 2.4 2.2 3.3 6.0 2.3 3.7
3.8 2.0 2.1 3.6 6.5 1.8 4.1

4.1 3.1 2.2 3.3 7.7 1.8 4.4
3.5 3.7 2.0 3.2 6.2 1.7 3.8
4.1 2.9 2.1 3.2 8.0 1.8 4.4

3.7 2.4 2.1 3.2 6.5 1.9 3.9
3.7 2.3 2.2 3.2 6.6 2.0 3.9
4.1 3.5 2.4 3.3 7.2 2.1 4.3
4.7 3.2 2.6 3.7 8.1 2.3 4.9
5.0 4.3 2.9 4.1 8.2 2.8 5.1
5.5 3.6 3.2 4.6 8.6 3.0 5.6
5.7 3.9 3.5 5.1 8.3 3.5 5.8
6.2 5.1 4.0 5.4 8.8 4.0 6.2
6.8 4.9 4.2 5.7 10.1 4.2 6.9
6.8 4.6 4.3 6.0 9.8 4.4 6.9
7.2 4.8 4.3 6.1 10.8 4.1 7.3
7.2 5.0 4.5 6.3 10.7 4.3 7.4
7.7 5.0 4.5 6.8 11.2 4.3 7.9
7.8 5.7 4.5 6.7 12.1 4.5 8.0
7.9 5.5 4.9 6.9 11.5 4.6 8.1
8.2 6.2 5.1 7.0 12.1 4.9 8.4
7.6 7.0 4.7 6.5 12.3 4.6 8.1
7.8 5.6 5.3 6.6 11.4 5.3 7.8
0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.8

4.7 5.7 3.3 4.7 8.7 4.4
16.6 18.9 11.3 16.4 29.3 15.2
22.6 25.7 15.3 22.0 39.1 20.7
28.4 30.4 18.4 27.8 51.5 25.9
35.1 42.3 23.0 33.6 61.3 32.1
39.7 47.6 26.6 37.7 70.0 36.8
42.7 45.3 24.3 36.5 77.9 39.4
39.9 48.2 22.9 33.4 74.1 37.4
41.1 45.4 23.6 35.2 75.5 38.7
45.9 49.0 24.3 38.9 83.6 42.8
49.8 53.1 27.5 40.7 90.5 46.4
59.0 70.5 33.3 50.6 107.9 55.4
57.2 71.7 34.1 50.4 107.4 49.6 54.3

63.1 82.5 38.5 56.3 115.9 55.3 60.2
71.9 85.4 45.5 65.9 129.7 64.8 68.3
84.3 94.9 50.1 75.4 155.2 70.1 80.1
89.8 103.3 55.1 80.0 166.9 85.0 84.7
101.5 114.1 64.3 89.3 171.8 89.0 96.8
110.1 123.7 73.7 96.3 177.1 101.9 104.6
122.7 144.9 79.7 107.7 203.6 110.3 117.3
138.8 154.8 92.0 121.3 225.7 123.9 132.7
153.2 179.5 103.3 134.1 245.5 142.0 147.0
169.0 182.2 111.4 144.9 277.2 150.8 161.7
189.8 200.3 122.1 164.4 304.1 165.5 182.1
199.5 219.9 129.2 169.8 320.3 169.3 192.1
214.6 230.9 137.8 182.8 341.8 180.5 207.2
225.8 267.6 152.2 189.1 356.9 182.3 221.3
232.1 302.4 147.1 189.7 373.7 216.3 225.2
40.5 34.6 28.5 42.0 73.9 33.5 48.6

97.8 85.2 68.2 94.6 179 81.8 118
291 308 208 272 531 245 359
881 679 574 794 1,595 724 1,137
1,174 981 813 1,075 1,996 989 1,433
1,285 1,007 878 1,184 2,277 1,082 1,632
1,399 1,252 1,064 1,354 2,219 1,245 1,710
1,708 1,393 1,179 1,596 2,887 1,573 1,610
1,924 1,359 1,296 1,798 3,342 1,700 2,193
2,118 1,792 1,487 2,013 3,531 1,803 2,171
2,626 2,312 1,891 2,465 4,217
3,383 2,957 2,362 3,269 5,429
4,570 3,841 3,348 4,240 6,884
Hourly wages Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank
By labor relationship, type of firm and labor category
A firm is considered small when it employs less than 5 workers; it's considered large when there are 5 or more employees; within public sector we include the govern
Formal workers
Type of work Salaried workers
Entrepreneurs Wage earners Self-employed Entrepreneurs Large firms Public sector
Argentina
1986 4.3 1.6 2.0 4.3
1987 7.5 3.5 4.1 7.5 3.9
1988 31.0 14.9 17.1 31.0 17.5
1991 59,752 24,641 29,507 59,752
1992 7.9 3.3 4.3 7.9 3.5 3.5
15 main cities
1992 7.4 3.1 3.9 7.4 3.5 3.5
1993 8.5 3.6 4.2 8.5 3.9 4.2
1994 7.8 4.2 4.9 7.8 4.6 5.4
1995 9.3 4.1 4.5 9.3 4.4 5.0
1996 10.1 4.0 4.6 10.1 4.2 5.1
1997 8.1 4.0 4.5 8.1 4.2 5.3
1998 9.1 4.2 4.8 9.1 4.5 5.6
28 main cities
1998 8.7 4.0 4.4 8.7 4.3 5.3
1999 7.7 3.9 4.1 7.7 4.1 5.2
2000 7.1 3.9 3.9 7.1 4.2 5.1
2001 7.8 3.9 3.7 7.8 4.2 5.0
2002 9.3 3.7 3.6 9.3 4.2 4.3
2003 8.4 3.8 3.9 8.4 4.2 4.4
EPHC
2003-II 7.4 4.1 4.7 7.4 4.5 5.4
2004-I 6.9 4.3 5.0 6.9 4.8 5.5
2004-II 6.8 4.4 5.0 6.8 4.8 5.7
2005-I 8.0 4.6 5.0 8.0 5.1 6.2
2005-II 12.0 5.3 5.5 12.0 5.7 7.6
2006-I 11.3 5.8 6.4 11.3 6.2 8.2
2006-II 17.8 6.4 6.2 17.8 6.9 9.2
2007-I 11.2 7.0 7.6 11.2 7.5 10.0
2007-II 13.8 7.9 8.8 13.8 8.6 10.9
2008-I 12.8 9.0 8.7 12.8 9.4 13.1
2008-II 15.2 10.5 9.8 15.2 11.3 14.5
2009-I 17.3 11.1 11.7 17.3 11.5 15.9
2009-II 17.2 12.5 11.4 17.2 12.9 18.0
2010-I 20.6 13.5 13.9 20.6 14.0 18.7
2010-II 22.6 15.8 15.5 22.6 16.4 21.7
2011-I 23.6 17.5 17.3 23.6 18.2 24.1
2011-II 23.7 20.8 19.0 23.7 21.4 28.9
2012-I 25.6 23.0 20.6 25.6 23.7 31.3
2012-II 27.1 25.5 25.8 27.1 26.1 35.1
2013-I 37.4 29.0 28.4 37.4 30.1 39.2
2013-II 39.5 33.1 29.8 39.5 33.9 44.9
2014-I 45.1 37.3 34.9 45.1 38.6 49.3
2014-II 56.1 43.4 41.6 56.1 43.5 60.4
2015-I 54.2 49.3 46.0 54.2 49.3 67.1
2016-II 97.3 78.7 73.4 97.3 80.5 107.1

2017-I 108.6 89.1 77.8 108.6 89.9 118.6
2017-II 121.8 99.4 91.4 121.8 103.9 129.5
2018-I 159.5 112.5 104.3 159.5 117.0 149.0
2018-II 164.1 125.7 116.8 164.1 129.8 165.8
2019-I 205.1 150.1 135.9 205.1 155.6 204.7
2019-II 251.0 181.6 166.9 251.0 190.9 245.6
2020-I 294.8 245.2 204.2 294.8 247.1 339.7
2020-II 314.4 273.8 219.1 314.4 274.4 388.3
2021-I 356.3 322.5 288.3 356.3 322.6 442.9
2021-II 633.8 376.4 364.9 633.8 393.3 487.9
Bolivia
Urban
1992 6.7 3.3 3.4 6.7 4.7 3.8
1993 8.7 3.5 3.0 8.7 4.1 5.4
1997 15.0 6.4 5.4 15.0 7.6 8.7
National
1997 15.2 6.1 4.5 15.2 7.3 8.4
1999 13.5 7.8 4.0 13.5 8.6 12.3
2000 10.9 7.8 3.5 10.9 9.3 10.5
2001 15.0 6.7 4.1 15.0 7.2 10.6
2002 8.1 6.9 4.2 8.1 7.7 10.8
2005 15.0 8.0 4.8 15.0 8.7 12.6
2006 15.7 9.6 5.8 15.7 10.5 14.8
2007 15.3 9.0 4.8 15.3 9.7 14.7
2008 14.0 10.4 7.4 14.0 10.1 16.4
2009 17.2 11.4 7.2 17.2 11.2 17.3
2011 21.0 13.6 9.7 21.0 13.6 20.0
2012 20.1 15.1 10.1 20.1 15.5 22.1
2013 24.7 18.3 11.3 24.7 17.2 28.3
2014 23.9 18.3 12.7 23.9 18.5 26.2
2015 23.1 18.3 13.7 23.1 18.5 27.8
2016 23.9 21.2 13.1 23.9 20.3 34.3
2017 29.8 21.4 12.9 29.8 21.5 34.2
2018 29.2 23.6 13.0 29.2 23.7 35.7
2019 29.8 22.9 14.5 29.8 22.0 38.7
2020 32.9 23.0 14.8 32.9 21.4 39.2
2021 31.9 22.4 15.3 31.9 21.4 39.2
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 409 132 110 409
1982 820 268 210 820
1983 1,895 528 473 1,895
1984 5,333 1,530 1,369 5,333
1985 15,030 5,215 4,747 15,030
Cruzado
1986 68.6 15.0 16.6 68.6
1987 172 47.4 45.4 172
1988 1,269 370 313 1,269
1989 22.4 5.3 5.4 22.4
1990 499 147 143 499 162 250
New PNAD
1992 15,715 7,242 6,663 15,715 8,509 11,827
Cruzeiro Real
1993 554 169 168 554 200 279
Real
1995 8.7 2.4 2.5 8.7 2.8 3.9
1996 10.8 2.7 3.0 10.8 3.2 4.5
1997 10.3 2.8 3.0 10.3 3.3 4.8
1998 10.4 3.0 2.9 10.4 3.5 4.8
1999 9.9 3.0 2.9 9.9 3.4 5.1
2001 10.6 3.2 3.0 10.6 3.6 5.5
2002 11.0 3.4 3.2 11.0 3.8 5.9
2003 12.5 3.9 3.6 12.5 4.3 6.6
2004 13.7 4.0 3.8 13.7 4.3 7.4
With Rural North
2004 13.6 4.0 3.8 13.6 4.3 7.4
2005 14.2 4.4 4.2 14.2 4.8 7.8
2006 15.9 4.8 4.7 15.9 5.0 8.9
2007 17.5 5.4 5.5 17.5 5.6 9.7
2008 17.4 5.6 5.5 17.4 5.8 10.1
2009 19.5 6.2 5.8 19.5 6.4 10.9
2011 25.7 9.1 8.7 25.7 9.5 15.1
2012 28.3 10.0 9.4 28.3 10.5 16.0
2013 36.6 11.8 12.0 36.6 12.0 19.4
2014 31.8 11.6 11.8 31.8 11.7 19.7
2015 34.2 15.3 12.2 34.2 15.5 26.2
PNADC
2012 23.0 8.3 8.0 23.0 8.0 14.6
2013 24.3 9.2 8.8 24.3 8.9 16.2
2014 26.1 10.0 9.6 26.1 9.6 17.6
2015 26.8 10.8 9.9 26.8 10.3 18.8
2016 29.5 11.8 10.3 29.5 11.4 20.3
2017 29.4 12.1 11.0 29.4 11.7 21.4
2018 31.6 12.7 11.5 31.6 12.1 22.7
2019 33.7 13.2 11.9 33.7 12.7 23.5
2020 35.0 14.1 11.9 35.0 13.4 24.2
2021 36.1 14.6 12.7 36.1 13.8 26.2
Chile
1990 2,605 376 615 2,605 433 468
1992 3,591 517 843 3,591 627 307
1996 6,270 1,069 1,768 6,270 1,155 1,515
1998 7,015 1,136 2,106 7,015 1,296 1,308
2000 3,694 1,223 915 3,694 1,336 1,622
2003 3,904 1,339 1,089 3,904 1,399 1,934
2006 4,234 1,507 1,495 4,234 1,591 2,109
2009 5,144 1,983 1,930 5,144 2,083 2,810
2011 6,100 2,242 2,117 6,100 2,371 2,928
2013 7,274 2,730 2,758 7,274 2,777 3,637
2015 6,173 2,965 2,741 6,173 3,069 3,874
2017 8,991 3,379 2,961 8,991 3,460 4,585
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 4,557 2,340 1,417
2002 5,951 3,006 1,848
2003 5,336 2,842 1,900
2004 5,825 3,266 2,030
2005 6,459 3,319 2,212
GEIH-National
2008 8,101 4,279 2,891 8,101 4,676 8,972
2009 7,860 4,497 2,819 7,860 4,947 9,814
2010 8,141 4,872 3,030 8,141 5,356 10,820
2011 8,736 5,153 3,264 8,736 5,670 11,267
2012 8,431 5,335 3,373 8,431 5,728 12,122
2013 8,820 5,664 3,643 8,820 6,120 12,449
2014 9,642 6,116 3,892 9,642 6,602 13,272
2015 9,744 6,272 4,050 9,744 6,681 13,693
2016 9,367 6,624 4,186 9,367 6,872 14,995
2017 9,481 6,960 4,389 9,481 7,263 15,664
2018 10,135 7,378 4,636 10,135 7,703 16,600
2019 10,876 7,754 4,733 10,876 8,064 18,800
2020 9,874 7,832 4,143 9,874 8,002 18,650
2021 11,274 8,164 4,681 11,274 8,554 19,465
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 168 97 106 168 92.3 155
1990 163 116 119 163 107 180
1991 249 146 149 249 136 239
1992 258 178 166 258 168 281
1993 387 219 252 387 199 357
1994 429 253 301 429 235 413
1995 468 308 349 468 285 518
1996 559 356 389 559 335 585
1997 691 409 446 691 399 687
1998 823 486 491 823 466 824
1999 939 528 580 939 524 855
2000 1,126 603 648 1,126 582 945
2001 1,333 699 709 1,333 676 1,114
2002 1,332 766 760 1,332 755 1,215
2003 1,420 832 848 1,420 811 1,364
2004 1,512 904 822 1,512 878 1,465
2005 1,689 991 1,017 1,689 981 1,599
2006 1,965 1,120 1,133 1,965 1,074 1,856
2007 2,903 1,280 1,344 2,903 1,255 2,085
2008 2,996 1,481 1,611 2,996 1,414 2,492
2009 3,112 1,755 1,948 3,112 1,676 2,855
ENAHO
2010 4,806 1,832 2,089 4,806 1,671 3,216
2011 4,746 2,027 2,070 4,746 1,810 3,769
2012 6,807 2,137 2,278 6,807 1,961 3,846
2013 5,526 2,357 2,870 5,526 2,103 4,257
2014 5,926 2,576 2,446 5,926 2,279 4,312
2015 5,256 2,467 2,283 5,256 2,295 4,565
2016 5,313 2,627 2,622 5,313 2,537 4,872
2017 6,075 2,630 2,349 6,075 2,423 4,841
2018 5,411 2,664 2,546 5,411 2,470 4,877
2019 5,391 2,721 2,325 5,391 2,486 4,873
2020 5,895 2,999 2,211 5,895 2,662 5,268
2021 5,629 2,861 2,144
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 58.8 17.4 23.5 58.8 19.5 17.3
1997 56.3 25.0 25.8 56.3 25.9 32.8
ENFT 2
2000 98.8 27.2 31.7 98.8 28.5 33.7
2001 78.3 31.6 32.5 78.3 34.0 39.4
2002 105.7 31.7 30.7 105.7 32.9 40.8
2003 110.8 36.5 38.3 110.8 37.5 47.5
2004 105.5 40.2 42.7 105.5 43.5 48.7
2005 131.4 58.6 55.5 131.4 62.7 67.2
2006 149.1 63.5 59.0 149.1 67.4 81.2
2007 134.9 64.9 61.4 134.9 70.1 74.0
ENFT 4
2008 165.3 74.5 71.2 165.3 78.0 95.4
2009 175.1 76.5 73.1 175.1 80.3 97.9
2010 214.4 81.4 76.9 214.4 84.2 101.9
2011 193.3 85.7 83.8 193.3 90.9 106.5
2012 174.9 92.7 75.8 174.9 98.8 118.6
2013 244.1 93.6 84.5 244.1 99.3 120.8
2014 200.5 93.7 93.1 200.5 96.6 121.8
2015 217.2 107.5 94.8 217.2 111.7 139.3
2016 216.8 110.2 105.6 216.8 107.5 150.4
ECNFT
2016 209.8 99.8 116.3 209.8 98.7 147.5
2017 252.3 111.4 107.2 252.3 110.7 171.1
2018 325.8 122.7 115.8 325.8 110.8 219.2
2019 260.4 125.0 127.9 260.4 122.5 197.4
2020 287.2 119.3 111.9 287.2 110.6 207.6
2021 248.1 129.6 121.2 248.1 123.6 210.5
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 4,761 2,376 2,473 4,761 2,521 3,477
1995 5,783 3,064 3,179 5,783 3,438 4,844
1998 11,610 5,319 4,500 11,610 5,818 9,617
1999 16,185 7,773 8,145 16,185 8,577 14,004
Dollar
2006 4.0 1.9 1.4 4.0 1.9 3.9
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 2.7 1.3 1.3 2.7 1.3 2.4
2004 2.6 1.4 1.2 2.6 1.5 2.5
2005 2.7 1.4 1.3 2.7 1.5 2.4
2006 3.3 1.5 1.4 3.3 1.6 2.5
2007 4.8 1.6 1.4 4.8 1.7 2.9
2008 4.2 1.7 1.4 4.2 1.7 3.1
2009 3.9 1.9 1.5 3.9 1.9 3.4
2010 5.8 2.1 1.6 5.8 2.1 3.6
2011 4.6 2.2 1.7 4.6 2.1 4.1
2012 5.5 2.4 1.9 5.5 2.4 4.3
2013 7.2 2.7 1.9 7.2 2.7 4.4
2014 6.4 2.9 2.1 6.4 2.9 4.5
2015 7.3 3.0 2.1 7.3 3.1 4.7
2016 7.5 3.1 2.1 7.5 3.1 4.8
2017 6.5 3.0 2.2 6.5 3.0 4.8
2018 6.6 3.1 2.2 6.6 3.3 5.0
2019 5.8 3.0 2.1 5.8 3.2 4.8
2020 6.6 2.9 2.0 6.6 3.2 4.4
2021 5.8 2.8 2.0 5.8 3.0 4.5
El Salvador
Colon
2000 26.3 12.4 9.2 26.3 12.0 23.7
2001 24.1 12.2 9.1 24.1 12.5 23.1
2002 38.8 13.0 8.9 38.8 14.1 22.3
2003 36.4 11.7 10.3 36.4 11.7 21.8
Dollar
2004 3.4 1.4 1.2 3.4 1.4 2.7
2005 4.3 1.6 1.1 4.3 1.5 2.8
2006 2.9 1.6 1.3 2.9 1.6 2.9
2007 4.0 1.6 1.3 4.0 1.6 3.1
2008 3.3 1.7 1.4 3.3 1.7 3.3
2009 3.5 1.7 1.2 3.5 1.7 3.4
2010 3.1 1.7 1.3 3.1 1.6 3.4
2011 3.1 1.7 1.4 3.1 1.6 3.3
2012 3.2 1.8 1.3 3.2 1.7 3.3
2013 3.7 1.9 1.5 3.7 1.9 3.5
2014 3.2 1.9 1.4 3.2 1.8 3.7
2015 3.2 1.9 1.5 3.2 1.9 3.6
2016 3.7 1.8 1.5 3.7 1.8 3.7
2017 3.1 2.0 1.5 3.1 1.9 4.0
2018 3.7 2.0 1.5 3.7 2.0 3.9
2019 3.6 2.1 1.6 3.6 2.1 4.2
2020 4.6 2.1 2.0 4.6 2.1 4.3
2021 3.1 2.3 1.8 3.1 2.3 4.3
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 13.1 7.4 6.2 13.1 8.4 16.1
2006 39.4 11.7 9.3 39.4 12.7 22.4
2011 55.3 12.2 10.5 55.3 13.7 25.3
2014 49.7 13.3 10.4 49.7 13.8 32.9
ENEI
2002 19.2 10.6 6.8 19.2 12.1 20.4
2003 23.4 10.1 6.9 23.4 11.1 21.1
2004 18.1 10.1 6.6 18.1 11.2 20.3
Honduras
DGEC
1991 5.6 2.5 2.1 5.6 2.6 4.3
1992 6.3 2.9 2.7 6.3 3.1 5.0
1993 7.0 3.3 3.2 7.0 3.4 5.9
1994 10.8 4.3 4.2 10.8 4.6 7.7
1995 17.4 4.9 4.5 17.4 5.4 8.6
1996 17.6 6.0 5.7 17.6 7.0 10.1
1997 19.3 7.5 7.7 19.3 8.1 13.1
1998 32.1 9.6 11.0 32.1 10.3 15.9
1999 29.0 11.0 13.5 29.0 11.4 19.0
INE
2001 33.2 17.4 13.6 33.2 18.6 33.0
2002 32.8 16.6 16.2 32.8 18.6 32.7
2003 43.1 17.2 20.1 43.1 19.5 37.7
2004 32.3 19.6 16.4 32.3 21.3 40.3
2005 37.1 22.0 21.1 37.1 24.9 44.2
2006 36.1 23.6 18.7 36.1 26.0 48.8
2007 43.5 26.1 21.4 43.5 29.1 56.1
2008 58.0 31.5 27.3 58.0 35.5 64.7
2009 63.6 32.4 30.3 63.6 37.4 69.7
2010 70.1 34.2 27.7 70.1 37.9 73.2
2012 118.0 39.8 29.1 118.0 40.6 99.2
2013 62.8 39.3 27.3 62.8 43.5 81.4
2014 53.0 39.2 31.5 53.0 44.1 81.5
2015 49.7 40.8 32.0 49.7 47.6 85.9
2016 70.5 40.6 31.0 70.5 47.0 92.3
2017 54.1 42.0 36.0 54.1 50.0 92.1
2018 55.1 45.9 32.2 55.1 52.6 113.0
2019 38.9 42.1 26.4 38.9 51.6 94.1
Mexico
Peso
1989 10,206 3,026 3,386
1992 20,117 5,639 5,638 20,117 6,213 8,267
New Peso
1994 16.7 7.1 6.1
1996 24.7 9.3 8.1 24.7 9.6 15.3
1998 46.8 13.5 11.3 46.8 13.8 23.5
2000 66.0 19.4 15.8 66.0 21.1 30.6
2002 55.8 21.8 18.7 55.8 23.0 36.0
2008 55.3 31.3 23.8 55.3 31.8 58.3
2010 37.3 32.0 22.7 37.3 32.8 59.7
2012 44.8 36.7 23.7 44.8 37.5 75.2
2014 43.9 37.7 24.6 43.9 40.0 69.8
New Methodology
2016 60.3 38.7 26.1 60.3 41.1 72.7
2018 68.8 43.5 29.7 68.8 47.1 80.1
2020 62.4 47.0 30.9 62.4 49.5 95.6
Nicaragua
1993 9.2 5.1 6.9 9.2 5.5 5.9
1998 24.2 8.5 8.1 24.2 10.1
2001 32.2 10.6 12.5 32.2 11.8 16.3
2005 44.5 12.8 12.3 44.5 14.4 18.8
2009 76.0 22.1 23.0
2014 99.1 35.5 42.6
Panama
1989 4.8 2.0 1.4 4.8 2.1 2.6
1991 3.9 2.1 1.4 3.9 2.2 2.6
1995 5.2 2.2 1.8 5.2 2.3 3.0
1997 4.7 2.3 1.7 4.7 2.4 3.0
1998 4.9 2.2 3.5 4.9 2.4 3.0
1999 5.1 2.4 2.1 5.1 2.6 3.2
2000 5.8 2.7 2.9 5.8 2.7 3.7
2001 4.4 2.5 1.4 4.4 2.4 3.8
2002 6.0 2.5 1.6 6.0 2.6 3.8
2003 4.1 2.5 1.5 4.1 2.5 3.9
2004 4.7 2.5 1.5 4.7 2.4 4.0
2005 4.7 2.5 1.6 4.7 2.4 4.0
2006 5.2 2.5 1.6 5.2 2.5 3.9
2007 4.6 2.6 1.9 4.6 2.5 4.1
2008 5.8 2.8 2.0 5.8 2.8 4.2
2009 7.1 3.0 2.2 7.1 3.0 4.5
2010 5.6 3.3 2.3 5.6 3.3 4.7
2011 8.4 3.6 2.6 8.4 3.6 4.9
2012 8.8 4.0 3.5 8.8 4.1 5.5
2013 8.4 4.2 3.0 8.4 4.3 5.7
2014 10.1 4.4 3.5 10.1 4.4 6.1
2015 15.7 4.6 3.6 15.7 4.6 6.2
2016 15.4 5.2 3.5 15.4 5.3 6.6
2017 11.0 5.5 3.3 11.0 5.4 7.5
2018 11.9 5.6 4.1 11.9 5.4 7.9
2019 12.2 5.8 4.2 12.2 5.9 7.9
2021 18.1 7.2 4.9 18.1 7.2 9.6
Paraguay
1995 10,511 3,208 3,411 10,511 3,746 5,399
1997 11,044 4,206 3,685 11,044 3,043 7,469
1999 14,079 4,768 3,472 14,079 5,518 8,089
2001 14,523 4,909 3,350 14,523 5,506 9,213
2002 25,150 4,859 3,265 25,150 5,641 8,133
2003 16,690 5,476 4,859 16,690 6,461 9,372
2004 17,482 5,095 5,241 17,482 5,937 8,472
2005 18,901 5,797 5,620 18,901 6,525 10,037
2006 17,225 6,476 4,796 17,225 7,267 11,109
2007 22,994 6,743 6,679 22,994 7,750 10,555
2008 20,005 7,551 7,514 20,005 8,272 12,417
2009 17,853 7,878 7,052 17,853 8,773 13,202
2010 35,452 8,673 8,497 35,452 10,692 10,543
2011 33,666 9,773 11,020 33,666 12,281 7,784
2012 26,301 10,686 8,275 26,301 13,302 7,850
2013 28,555 11,798 9,133 28,555 11,878 20,490
2014 35,015 12,693 12,233 35,015 13,035 22,451
2015 33,956 13,124 10,087 33,956 13,198 22,343
2016 34,476 12,955 10,691 34,476 13,066 22,391
2017 44,961 13,842 10,542 44,961 13,817 25,605
2018 35,623 15,270 11,398 35,623 14,323 29,780
2019 31,156 15,549 12,539 31,156 15,182 28,279
2020 34,445 14,781 9,922 34,445 14,346 27,967
2021 35,591 16,010 11,892 35,591 15,294 31,991
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 6.8 3.8 2.6 6.8 4.2 3.8
1998 6.5 3.9 2.8 6.5 4.6 4.3
1999 6.1 3.9 2.9 6.1 4.8 5.0
2000 5.2 3.6 2.7 5.2 4.4 4.6
ENAHO 2
2001 7.0 3.6 2.9 7.0 4.3 4.6
2002 6.0 4.2 2.8 6.0 5.5 4.7
2003 7.7 3.5 2.6 7.7 4.0 5.0
ENAHO 3
2003 7.7 4.1 2.8 7.7 5.1 5.3
2004 6.0 3.8 2.6 6.0 4.4 5.5
2005 6.8 3.7 2.6 6.8 4.3 5.2
2006 6.6 4.1 2.9 6.6 4.7 5.9
2007 9.2 4.4 3.4 9.2 4.9 6.3
2008 10.0 4.7 3.7 10.0 5.3 6.4
2009 9.8 5.2 3.9 9.8 5.8 7.2
2010 10.7 5.4 4.3 10.7 6.0 7.1
2011 13.5 5.7 4.6 13.5 6.2 7.4
2012 13.4 6.3 5.2 13.4 6.8 8.1
2013 13.8 6.5 5.0 13.8 7.1 8.6
2014 12.6 7.2 5.2 12.6 7.7 9.7
2015 14.9 7.1 5.4 14.9 7.6 9.5
2016 13.8 7.7 5.7 13.8 8.4 10.2
2017 14.9 7.7 6.1 14.9 8.2 10.6
2018 16.3 8.0 5.8 16.3 8.4 11.6
2019 15.3 8.3 6.2 15.3 8.8 12.2
2020 12.8 8.4 5.8 12.8 8.7 13.4
2021 14.2 8.1 5.9 14.2 8.3 13.0
Uruguay
Urban
1989 1.7 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.9 0.9
1992 12.3 4.0 4.2 12.3 4.3 4.6
1995 32.1 14.3 15.3 32.1 15.4 17.4
1996 44.1 19.8 20.1 44.1 21.3 24.6
1997 53.4 24.6 26.1 53.4 26.4 30.7
1998 79.5 30.2 30.5 79.5 31.8 38.5
2000 87.4 34.2 36.4 87.4 35.6 44.4
2001 94.3 37.1 37.4 94.3 39.4 48.0
2002 93.2 35.6 34.2 93.2 39.0 44.2
2003 98.1 36.8 35.6 98.1 39.6 46.8
2004 119.9 39.8 40.2 119.9 41.7 53.4
2005 116.9 43.3 43.7 116.9 44.6 60.3
2006 143.0 51.5 50.9 143.0 52.9 72.3
National
2006 138.0 49.6 49.5 138.0 51.5 70.5
2007 158.7 54.7 54.7 158.7 56.5 77.3
2008 188.8 60.5 65.1 188.8 62.0 82.9
2009 198.0 73.3 72.6 198.0 80.0 103.9
2010 202.4 77.9 80.3 202.4 79.4 111.6
2011 189.3 90.8 91.0 189.3 91.3 125.8
2012 187.5 100.8 98.0 187.5 99.6 139.4
2013 219.2 112.6 107.5 219.2 112.2 152.2
2014 259.7 127.6 120.9 259.7 126.6 172.5
2015 273.5 143.3 133.3 273.5 144.4 189.7
2016 318.8 156.7 145.8 318.8 156.4 208.1
2017 341.4 176.5 167.1 341.4 178.1 231.5
2018 388.1 186.3 172.5 388.1 185.9 245.1
2019 356.4 204.7 184.5 356.4 204.5 271.1
2020 361.7 222.2 190.2
New Methodology
2021-II 415.7 229.7 184.1 415.7 224.3 312.3
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 69.7 34.8 32.2 69.7 35.4 43.9
1992 163.3 82.3 82.5 163.3 83.3 104.9
1995 534.3 247.4 261.5 534.3 274.1 288.2
1997 1,666.8 760.9 740.7 1,666.8 795.6 1,017.0
1998 2,099 999 1,052 2,099 1,058 1,238
1999 2,150 1,147 1,109 2,150 1,221 1,441
2000 2,042 1,283 1,289 2,042 1,313 1,647
2001 2,555 1,541 1,448 2,555 1,563 2,099
2002 2,781 1,783 1,607 2,781 1,824 2,505
2003 3,065 1,991 1,798 3,065 2,029 2,825
2004 3,990 2,522 2,155 3,990 2,545 3,485
2005 5,340 3,293 2,756 5,340 3,326 4,458
2006 6,861 4,398 3,840 6,861 4,393 5,787
ce: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
n public sector we include the government and public firms
ers Informal workers

Self-employed Salaried Self-employed
professionals Small firms Unskilled
5.3 1.8
10.6 2.4 3.5
46.7 9.2 14.1
63,301 25,484
9.1 2.7 3.9
8.2 2.7 3.4

8.4 2.8 3.7
10.2 3.2 4.2
9.8 3.0 3.7
10.1 3.0 3.6
10.5 3.0 3.6
13.0 2.9 3.5
11.9 2.7 3.3

10.2 2.6 3.3
8.5 2.6 3.3
8.5 2.6 3.0
8.1 2.6 3.0
8.6 2.6 3.2
10.6 2.8 3.8

10.9 2.9 4.0
10.1 3.0 4.0
9.5 3.2 4.1
10.0 3.5 4.6
16.2 3.7 4.6
12.5 4.0 5.0
18.8 4.4 5.5
18.2 5.1 6.9
15.5 6.0 7.3
18.1 6.7 8.2
21.0 7.5 9.9
19.4 8.6 9.8
27.7 9.3 11.0
27.9 10.7 12.8
30.0 12.2 14.7
32.4 14.1 16.3
33.8 16.0 17.8
37.8 18.2 23.2
46.3 20.7 24.5
44.8 23.6 26.6
57.8 26.7 30.2
69.4 30.6 35.0
78.4 36.6 38.9
134.6 55.7 60.0

130.5 65.0 66.5
153.8 70.4 77.1
186.8 78.2 84.8
195.9 90.1 97.8
227.9 105.5 113.5
293.6 121.7 136.6
368.2 160.4 166.3
398.7 173.2 179.5
508.9 207.4 233.7
568.1 251.9 309.9
6.3 2.4 3.2

9.2 2.0 2.6
11.8 3.6 5.0
11.4 3.6 4.2

16.0 3.8 3.6
8.9 4.4 3.3
12.4 4.0 3.9
14.6 4.1 3.8
15.1 4.3 4.4
10.2 5.0 5.6
11.2 4.8 4.5
10.8 6.9 7.2
14.2 7.9 6.8
13.9 9.1 9.4
15.7 10.3 9.7
21.6 11.4 10.5
20.7 12.3 12.2
22.9 12.8 13.0
21.8 13.8 12.6
23.4 13.5 12.3
21.1 14.2 12.5
20.1 14.3 14.3
27.8 13.5 14.4
25.4 13.6 15.0
426 102
1,276 191
2,338 433
7,372 1,235
22,214 4,354
89.3 14.8
234 40.2
1,702 269
25.4 4.8
784 56.2 126
23,774 3,274 6,232
783 68.3 148
11.9 1.1 2.1

13.2 1.3 2.6
14.3 1.3 2.5
12.9 1.4 2.5
12.9 1.4 2.4
12.8 1.5 2.6
14.4 1.6 2.7
14.8 2.0 3.0
15.1 2.0 3.2
15.1 2.0 3.2

16.9 2.2 3.5
18.2 2.5 3.9
19.2 2.9 4.7
18.8 3.0 4.6
19.4 3.4 4.9
22.7 4.9 7.6
27.2 5.4 7.9
43.5 6.6 9.2
37.3 6.6 9.4
33.6 8.0 10.0
24.5 4.7 6.7

25.8 5.2 7.4
27.2 5.7 7.9
24.3 6.1 8.5
26.7 6.7 8.5
28.6 6.9 8.9
27.1 7.1 9.3
28.5 7.3 9.5
27.1 7.6 9.5
28.6 7.9 9.9
1,554 220 555

1,637 310 810
5,707 600 1,492
5,502 663 1,774
2,344 704 786

2,942 785 915
4,488 909 1,173
4,905 1,227 1,540
4,580 1,360 1,777
6,559 1,734 2,084
6,074 1,976 2,133
6,226 2,222 2,288
9,272 2,288 2,336

9,522 2,411 2,305
9,967 2,599 2,456
10,886 2,782 2,618
10,806 2,972 2,766
11,813 3,127 2,901
12,407 3,345 3,068
12,804 3,632 3,244
12,840 3,915 3,353
12,885 4,141 3,524
14,020 4,302 3,657
13,824 4,491 3,692
11,819 4,420 3,275
12,906 4,645 3,670
227 58.3 103
266 75.8 113
301 95 144
384 114 159
561 148 238
667 174 284
748 208 330
964 241 360
769 256 429
1,005 313 463
1,097 362 549
1,393 425 605
1,845 462 654
1,648 488 711
1,994 516 770
1,840 540 750
1,860 606 948
2,859 667 1,001
3,189 783 1,188
3,863 893 1,430
3,937 1,012 1,752
3,746 1,124 1,984

4,488 1,195 1,897
4,340 1,300 2,080
12,416 1,450 2,150
6,268 1,946 2,110
5,679 1,477 2,009
7,217 1,531 2,257
5,310 1,602 2,140
4,838 1,606 2,414
4,971 1,686 2,146
3,415 1,835 2,131
60.6 11.7 21.2

60.9 16.0 24.5
81.4 17.9 29.6

68.8 17.4 31.2
71.3 18.2 29.1
102.0 22.4 35.0
94.4 27.5 40.5
140.3 39.2 51.2
142.0 37.8 55.1
137.3 42.8 57.4
187.7 44.3 64.8

189.9 43.9 65.5
192.9 48.4 69.6
218.3 48.7 73.9
121.7 53.1 73.0
223.4 54.0 75.1
201.2 54.7 86.9
186.3 57.7 88.5
189.7 66.2 98.4
220.3 55.8 112.0

207.6 60.3 102.1
236.7 63.6 108.7
278.7 63.7 119.7
211.0 56.7 107.8
197.4 66.6 116.6
7,617 1,870 2,251

9,466 1,925 2,935
11,647 3,219 4,253
12,657 4,498 7,926
3.6 1.1 1.3
4.5 0.8 1.2

4.4 0.9 1.1
3.6 1.0 1.2
4.0 1.0 1.4
3.6 1.0 1.3
2.9 1.1 1.4
3.1 1.2 1.4
3.1 1.4 1.5
2.9 1.5 1.6
3.5 1.7 1.8
3.6 1.9 1.8
3.8 2.1 1.9
3.7 2.1 2.0
3.6 2.2 1.9
3.7 2.1 2.1
4.0 2.1 2.0
3.8 2.1 2.0
3.8 2.0 1.8
3.8 1.9 1.9
72.7 6.6 8.3

39.5 6.4 8.8
25.2 6.7 8.7
22.4 6.8 10.1
3.1 0.8 1.2

3.1 1.0 1.1
3.3 1.0 1.2
3.9 1.0 1.2
8.8 1.0 1.2
3.6 1.0 1.2
3.3 1.1 1.3
5.1 1.1 1.3
3.7 1.1 1.3
7.5 1.2 1.3
3.3 1.2 1.4
3.6 1.3 1.4
3.8 1.2 1.4
3.5 1.3 1.4
3.5 1.3 1.5
5.7 1.4 1.5
11.9 1.5 1.6
2.9 1.6 1.7
29.4 4.2 5.7

55.2 7.5 8.7
31.3 7.7 10.3
29.6 8.3 10.1
30.0 6.0 6.6

39.1 5.7 6.5
23.1 6.4 6.4
14.5 1.3 2.1

17.3 1.5 2.5
18.8 1.8 3.1
11.2 2.2 4.1
18.2 2.7 4.5
39.9 3.1 5.5
24.9 4.4 7.6
30.6 6.1 10.9
46.3 7.3 13.4
56.4 9.0 13.2

55.5 8.9 15.9
67.8 9.2 19.6
75.2 10.8 15.8
71.4 11.2 20.7
88.9 12.7 18.1
100.1 13.4 20.5
117.7 15.9 26.0
131.7 17.6 29.2
97.3 18.8 26.6
64.3 20.8 28.6
87.1 20.8 26.5
110.6 23.7 30.4
162.8 23.4 30.5
71.9 21.2 30.3
126.3 20.7 33.9
102.7 24.4 30.9
64.7 21.5 25.4
14,950 3,549 5,374
20.0 5.2 7.8

36.8 7.5 10.4
44.3 10.6 14.5
58.4 13.7 17.2
72.1 19.0 20.6
66.8 19.8 19.4
83.8 21.7 20.3
59.3 22.5 21.8
52.6 23.3 23.8

64.9 27.5 26.5
65.2 28.0 27.3
14.3 4.3 6.8

24.1 6.3 7.8
39.4 7.3 11.6
24.9 8.6 12.0
5.0 0.8 1.3

4.1 0.8 1.3
7.1 0.9 1.7
4.0 0.9 1.6
18.6 0.9 3.0
4.4 1.1 2.0
5.7 1.3 2.8
4.8 1.1 1.4
4.2 1.1 1.5
4.9 1.1 1.4
5.3 1.1 1.4
5.8 1.1 1.4
5.0 1.2 1.5
5.6 1.2 1.8
6.8 1.3 1.9
7.0 1.5 2.1
5.9 1.7 2.1
7.4 1.8 2.4
11.6 2.0 3.1
7.3 2.3 2.8
10.4 2.5 3.0
10.0 2.5 3.2
9.3 2.8 3.1
7.4 3.0 3.0
8.3 3.1 3.8
12.7 2.9 3.6
10.7 3.7 4.5
13,000 2,110 3,193

19,517 3,974 3,414
14,577 2,890 3,265
11,848 2,952 3,163
9,458 3,056 3,141
12,685 3,319 4,686
18,453 3,403 4,956
13,126 3,627 5,439
13,902 4,135 4,578
15,005 4,510 6,472
26,503 4,818 6,810
14,020 5,277 6,689
20,233 6,061 8,093
25,039 6,800 10,424
29,419 7,382 7,517
22,614 7,452 8,535
29,053 7,959 11,328
25,564 8,479 9,148
26,827 8,653 9,746
29,831 9,304 9,500
29,355 9,595 10,285
25,915 10,303 11,426
15,921 9,741 9,436
21,442 10,254 10,926
4.6 3.2 2.4

6.2 2.8 2.5
5.0 2.6 2.8
5.4 2.3 2.5
6.3 2.4 2.6

6.7 2.4 2.5
5.0 2.2 2.3
6.6 2.3 2.4

5.1 2.2 2.4
4.7 2.2 2.4
6.8 2.3 2.5
8.6 2.6 2.8
7.5 2.9 3.2
7.2 3.2 3.6
7.5 3.4 3.9
7.6 3.8 4.3
10.8 4.2 4.5
10.0 4.6 4.5
9.7 4.8 4.7
10.0 4.9 4.9
9.7 5.4 5.2
13.2 5.5 5.3
10.6 5.4 5.3
10.6 5.7 5.6
12.2 5.5 5.1
9.4 5.8 5.5
1.1 0.5 0.8

10.9 2.4 3.8
43.0 8.9 13.6
51.3 12.1 18.2
79.2 14.6 22.9
74.5 19.2 27.4
102.8 21.8 31.7
122.4 22.8 30.2
113.3 21.2 27.5
110.4 22.5 29.7
133.4 22.8 32.4
143.1 25.8 34.7
148.1 30.3 41.2
146.5 29.8 41.0

142.8 32.5 46.5
177.0 38.1 54.1
202.4 42.2 60.5
210.0 46.6 69.0
231.2 56.1 75.2
226.1 65.4 81.9
269.3 72.8 86.6
281.4 83.7 100.7
301.2 92.7 112.0
344.0 102.0 121.8
401.8 114.2 135.2
411.2 124.3 140.1
438.2 130.9 150.4
405.5 147.5 149.9
81.0 18.6 30.8

207.0 44.8 78.2
681.1 146.0 237.1
1,560.6 422.5 682.3
2,183 605 978
2,527 728 1,027
2,371 880 1,235
2,959 930 1,372
3,427 1,090 1,502
3,479 1,244 1,699
4,107 1,465 2,047
5,194 1,945 2,616
7,484 2,799 3,613
Hourly wages Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
By informality status
Productive definition: A worker is considered informal if (s)he is a salaried workers in a small firm, a non-professional self-employed, or a zero-income worker
A firm is considered small if it employs less than 5 workers
Legal definition: A worker is considered informal if (s)he does not have the right to a pension when retired
Productive definition Legal definition

Formal Informal Formal Informal
Argentina
1986 4.6 1.8 1.8 1.2
1987 4.4 3.0 3.9 2.5
1988 19.6 11.6 17.0 10.2
1991 61,047 25,484 27,192 19,332
1992 4.1 3.3 3.5 2.8
15 main cities
1992 4.2 3.1 3.4 2.6
1993 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.0
1994 5.1 3.7 4.6 3.3
1995 5.2 3.4 4.6 3.1
1996 5.2 3.3 4.4 3.3
1997 5.0 3.3 4.5 3.2
1998 5.5 3.2 4.9 3.1
28 main cities
1998 5.3 3.0 4.7 2.9
1999 4.9 2.9 4.5 2.8
2000 4.9 2.9 4.5 2.8
2001 4.9 2.8 4.6 2.7
2002 4.7 2.8 4.7 2.5
2003 4.8 2.9 4.7 2.6
EPHC
2003-II 5.4 3.3 5.0 3.0
2004-I 5.6 3.4 5.2 3.0
2004-II 5.6 3.5 5.2 3.3
2005-I 6.0 3.6 5.6 3.3
2005-II 7.0 4.0 6.4 3.8
2006-I 7.7 4.1 7.0 4.0
2006-II 8.7 4.4 7.8 4.4
2007-I 9.1 4.9 8.5 4.7
2007-II 10.3 5.8 9.4 5.5
2008-I 11.0 6.6 10.7 6.1
2008-II 12.8 7.3 12.5 7.1
2009-I 13.7 8.5 13.1 7.6
2009-II 15.0 9.1 14.7 8.6
2010-I 16.6 10.0 15.6 9.5
2010-II 18.9 11.6 18.4 10.6
2011-I 20.8 13.2 20.4 12.1
2011-II 24.1 15.1 24.0 14.5
2012-I 26.5 16.8 26.3 16.3
2012-II 29.4 20.3 29.3 18.3
2013-I 34.1 22.4 32.6 21.6
2013-II 38.1 24.9 37.8 23.9
2014-I 43.3 28.3 42.1 27.3
2014-II 50.9 32.6 49.4 31.0
2015-I 56.7 37.7 55.6 36.3
2016-II 93.3 57.7 89.7 56.1

2017-I 102.2 65.7 100.1 67.1
2017-II 116.2 73.5 112.8 72.7
2018-I 134.1 81.2 127.7 82.8
2018-II 147.7 93.6 142.4 93.9
2019-I 178.3 109.2 171.2 110.3
2019-II 219.4 128.9 211.5 125.2
2020-I 287.2 163.3 284.8 160.0
2020-II 324.4 176.7 317.9 180.0
2021-I 379.3 221.8 373.9 215.3
2021-II 455.0 281.9 432.3 263.4
Bolivia
Urban
1992 4.5 3.0
1993 5.4 2.4
1997 9.4 4.6
National
1997 9.4 4.1
1999 10.6 3.7 12.6 5.9
2000 9.8 3.5 11.8 5.8
2001 9.3 3.9 11.0 4.9
2002 9.1 3.9 13.0 4.8
2005 11.1 4.4
2006 12.5 5.4
2007 12.1 4.6 15.2 6.2
2008 12.5 7.2 16.4 7.9
2009 14.0 7.1 16.6 8.9
2011 16.7 9.3 19.2 10.0
2012 18.4 9.9 21.3 11.0
2013 22.2 10.7 25.3 12.4
2014 22.2 12.3 25.0 14.0
2015 22.2 13.0 25.5 13.5
2016 25.3 12.9 29.9 14.8
2017 26.6 12.5 29.9 15.2
2018 28.0 12.8 33.0 15.3
2019 28.1 14.3 32.0 14.6
2020 29.6 14.2 32.0 14.0
2021 29.1 14.7 32.0 14.2
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 411 102 176 51.3
1982 871 191 360 103
1983 1,952 433 740 211
1984 5,602 1,235 2,107 595
1985 16,044 4,354 7,096 2,098
Cruzado
1986 71.5 14.8 19.4 7.1
1987 181 40.2 63.1 19.5
1988 1,345 269 494 135
New Cruzado
1989 22.8 4.8 7.0 2.2
1990 214 94.9 192 62.9
New PNAD
1992 10,200 4,693 9,452 3,604
Cruzeiro Real
1993 261 107 225 78.8
Real
1995 3.8 1.6 3.0 1.3
1996 4.4 1.9 3.4 1.6
1997 4.6 1.9 3.6 1.6
1998 4.7 1.9 3.8 1.6
1999 4.7 1.9 3.8 1.6
2001 4.9 2.0 4.0 1.8
2002 5.2 2.1 4.2 1.9
2003 5.9 2.5 4.8 2.1
2004 6.1 2.6 5.0 2.2
With Rural North
2004 6.1 2.6 5.0 2.2
2005 6.7 2.8 5.4 2.5
2006 7.3 3.2 5.9 2.8
2007 7.8 3.8 6.5 3.1
2008 8.1 3.8 6.7 3.3
2009 8.9 4.1 7.3 3.6
2011 12.2 6.2 10.4 5.0
2012 13.4 6.6 11.4 5.5
2013 16.3 7.9 13.2 7.1
2014 15.7 8.0 13.1 6.8
2015 20.0 9.0 17.4 7.8
PNADC
2012 10.8 5.8 9.3 4.8
2013 11.9 6.4 10.3 5.5
2014 12.9 6.9 11.2 5.7
2015 13.8 7.4 12.0 6.2
2016 15.3 7.7 13.2 6.5
2017 16.0 8.0 13.7 6.8
2018 16.7 8.3 14.3 7.2
2019 17.4 8.5 14.9 7.5
2020 18.3 8.7 15.7 7.9
2021 19.2 9.0 16.5 7.9
Chile
1990 563 401 412 243
1992 767 597 570 339
1996 1,621 1,067 1,174 691
1998 1,800 1,214 1,253 743
2000 1,577 747 1,352 760
2003 1,686 855 1,462 893
2006 1,898 1,058 1,616 1,087
2009 2,477 1,402 2,159 1,426
2011 2,674 1,609 2,346 1,719
2013 3,286 1,949 2,884 1,913
2015 3,476 2,064 3,094 2,382
2017 4,040 2,262 3,535 2,571
Colombia
GEIH-National
2008 6,025 2,321 5,741 2,326
2009 6,255 2,338 6,064 2,457
2010 6,704 2,498 6,596 2,573
2011 7,104 2,665 6,854 2,786
2012 7,151 2,826 6,980 2,934
2013 7,568 2,968 7,334 3,075
2014 8,077 3,148 7,707 3,368
2015 8,169 3,357 7,799 3,532
2016 8,407 3,511 8,073 3,815
2017 8,748 3,697 8,425 4,021
2018 9,343 3,834 8,943 4,109
2019 9,817 3,929 9,622 4,211
2020 9,606 3,605 9,522 4,143
2021 10,279 3,949 10,125 4,410
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 117 79 109 63
1990 135 93 129 79
1991 176 118
1992 209 136 203 124
1993 261 190 241 148
1994 309 221 281 175
1995 368 262 339 217
1996 432 293 395 248
1997 513 334 466 273
1998 608 377 543 345
1999 663 440 602 358
2000 741 511 683 449
2001 886 556 785 475
2002 961 599 871 492
2003 1,046 635 956 528
2004 1,116 648 1,002 623
2005 1,235 760 1,125 649
2006 1,411 829 1,270 715
2007 1,674 966 1,446 815
2008 1,891 1,145 1,651 943
2009 2,189 1,366 1,956 1,061
ENAHO
2010 2,261 1,545 2,029 1,166
2011 2,523 1,526 2,250 1,341
2012 2,718 1,678 2,378 1,296
2013 3,056 1,793 2,592 1,533
2014 3,139 2,022 2,815 1,727
2015 3,074 1,721 2,756 1,560
2016 3,301 1,852 2,861 1,927
2017 3,255 1,855 2,937 1,637
2018 3,210 1,988 2,918 1,793
2019 3,235 1,907 3,007 1,717
2020 3,499 1,981 3,275 1,720
2021 3,113 1,904
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 23.6 18.2
1997 30.8 22.3
ENFT 2
2000 35.2 26.6
2001 39.9 27.9
2002 41.0 26.8
2003 47.8 32.1
2004 52.2 38.3
2005 73.1 48.3 75.1 48.7
2006 80.3 50.6 81.4 49.2
2007 79.3 53.7 77.1 50.8
ENFT 4
2008 94.4 59.9 90.6 48.5
2009 100.3 60.4 93.2 49.7
2010 105.5 65.0 95.9 53.5
2011 110.0 68.0 104.2 55.3
2012 110.9 67.8 114.0 57.0
2013 122.1 69.4 114.5 58.7
2014 115.8 78.8 108.9 58.5
2015 129.7 80.7 127.2 60.7
2016 131.7 89.3 129.1 63.5
ECNFT
2016 125.1 101.6 118.7 59.7
2017 142.0 94.4 132.4 65.2
2018 161.4 100.1 148.0 69.8
2019 157.9 108.9 143.2 77.3
2020 153.4 99.0 140.7 66.0
2021 162.3 106.2 152.8 79.5
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 3,210 2,070 3,494 1,949
1995 4,309 2,497 4,875 2,594
1998 7,797 3,818 8,996 3,928
1999 11,033 6,479 12,904 6,337
Dollar
2006 2.6 1.2
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.0
2004 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.0
2005 1.9 1.1 2.2 1.0
2006 2.1 1.2 2.1 1.1
2007 2.4 1.2 2.3 1.2
2008 2.4 1.3 2.4 1.2
2009 2.5 1.3 2.6 1.3
2010 2.8 1.4 2.7 1.5
2011 2.8 1.5 2.8 1.5
2012 3.1 1.8 3.0 1.7
2013 3.5 1.8 3.3 1.8
2014 3.6 2.0 3.4 2.0
2015 3.8 2.0 3.6 2.0
2016 3.8 2.1 3.6 2.1
2017 3.8 2.1 3.6 2.1
2018 4.0 2.0 3.8 2.1
2019 3.8 2.0 3.6 2.1
2020 3.8 1.9 3.7 2.0
2021 3.6 1.9 3.6 1.9
El Salvador
Colon
2000 16.5 7.7 18.0 7.2
2001 15.9 7.8 18.0 7.2
2002 18.4 7.9 18.5 7.6
2003 15.4 8.7 16.4 7.6
Dollar
2004 1.8 1.0 1.9 0.9
2005 2.1 1.0 2.1 1.1
2006 2.0 1.1 2.2 1.0
2007 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.0
2008 2.2 1.1 2.3 1.0
2009 2.2 1.1 2.4 1.1
2010 2.1 1.2 2.3 1.1
2011 2.1 1.2 2.3 1.1
2012 2.2 1.2 2.4 1.2
2013 2.4 1.3 2.6 1.2
2014 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.3
2015 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.3
2016 2.3 1.3 2.4 1.3
2017 2.4 1.4 2.7 1.3
2018 2.5 1.4 2.7 1.4
2019 2.7 1.4 2.8 1.5
2020 3.0 1.5 2.9 1.5
2021 2.8 1.6 3.0 1.7
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 10.3 4.9 11.4 5.3
2006 17.3 8.2 16.7 8.8
2011 18.1 9.1 19.3 9.1
2014 19.2 9.2 21.9 9.8
ENEI
2002 14.5 6.4 13.9 8.3
2003 14.7 6.2 15.2 7.1
2004 13.5 6.4 15.7 7.1
Honduras
DGEC
1991 3.6 1.8
1992 4.1 2.1
1993 4.5 2.6
1994 6.4 3.4
1995 8.3 3.8
1996 9.6 4.5
1997 11.2 6.3
1998 15.4 9.0
1999 15.9 10.9
INE
2001 25.2 11.8
2002 24.5 13.3
2003 28.6 15.5
2004 27.4 13.8
2005 32.4 17.2 34.0 15.0
2006 33.1 16.1 36.0 16.0
2007 38.6 17.7 40.5 17.2
2008 48.0 21.7 43.2 24.9
2009 51.8 24.3 51.0 21.8
2010 55.1 23.5 53.7 21.9
2012 57.4 24.5 63.6 26.4
2013 53.6 27.9 59.9 27.1
2014 55.4 27.3 63.8 26.3
2015 61.8 26.5 66.3 26.6
2016 59.5 28.0 67.7 28.3
2017 63.9 28.1 68.4 34.3
2018 56.1 23.7 73.3 26.8
2019 63.5 24.2 76.3 30.4
Mexico
Peso
1989 10,066.8 3,218.2
1992 8,306 4,379
New Peso
1994 12.8 5.5
1996 12.6 6.6
1998 19.6 9.0 18.2 10.0
2000 27.7 12.5 25.9 14.0
2002 29.5 15.1 31.5 15.0
2008 41.8 19.8 43.7 23.2
2010 39.6 19.6 45.3 24.3
2012 46.7 21.2 52.4 28.4
2014 46.5 22.2 54.8 27.2
New Methodology
2016 49.8 23.4 58.1 28.0
2018 56.2 27.2 62.6 32.1
2020 59.9 27.7 67.1 34.4
Nicaragua
1993 5.9 5.9 7.1 3.9
1998 11.6 7.1 13.9 6.3
2001 16.1 9.7 15.2 8.5
2005 19.2 10.7 18.4 10.0
2009 56.3 22.1
2014 95.7 40.4 46.8 28.0
Panama
1989 2.4 1.1
1991 2.5 1.1
1995 2.7 1.3
1997 2.7 1.3
1998 2.9 2.0
1999 2.9 1.6
2000 3.2 2.2
2001 3.0 1.3
2002 3.2 1.4
2003 3.1 1.3
2004 3.1 1.3 3.0 1.4
2005 3.0 1.3 3.0 1.4
2006 3.1 1.4 3.0 1.4
2007 3.1 1.6 3.1 1.5
2008 3.4 1.7 3.3 1.6
2009 3.7 1.9 3.5 1.8
2010 3.9 2.0 3.8 2.0
2011 4.2 2.2 4.0 2.3
2012 4.8 2.7 4.5 2.5
2013 4.9 2.6 4.7 2.8
2014 5.3 2.8 4.8 3.1
2015 5.8 3.0 5.1 3.3
2016 6.4 3.0 5.4 4.4
2017 6.3 3.0 5.9 4.0
2018 6.5 3.6 6.1 3.9
2019 7.0 3.4 6.5 3.7
2021 8.7 4.3 8.1 4.8
Paraguay
1995 5,550 2,804 4,782
1997 6,053 3,628 6,627
1999 7,786 3,126 7,315 3,838
2001 8,365 3,086 7,983 3,722
2002 9,312 3,111 7,882 3,780
2003 9,108 4,195 9,124 4,204
2004 8,852 4,407 8,201 4,155
2005 9,794 4,751 9,850 4,221
2006 10,169 4,408 10,645 5,072
2007 11,258 5,708 10,147 5,351
2008 11,920 5,995 11,302 5,899
2009 11,872 6,113 11,942 6,038
2010 14,565 7,245 12,507 6,926
2011 14,797 8,977 13,936 7,645
2012 15,241 7,468 15,168 8,209
2013 17,483 8,072 16,499 8,999
2014 19,481 9,875 17,695 9,766
2015 19,023 8,861 18,680 9,761
2016 18,882 9,272 17,346 10,367
2017 21,543 9,415 18,363 11,012
2018 21,573 9,990 21,467 11,202
2019 21,115 10,943 20,758 12,012
2020 20,686 9,570 20,491 11,026
2021 22,376 10,629 21,292 12,678
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 4.5 2.7
1998 5.0 2.6
1999 5.1 2.7 6.1 3.3
2000 4.7 2.4 5.7 3.0
ENAHO 2
2001 4.9 2.5 5.4 3.0
2002 5.5 2.5 6.5 3.3
2003 4.9 2.3 5.5 2.6
ENAHO 3
2003 5.7 2.4 6.5 3.0
2004 5.0 2.3
2005 5.0 2.3 6.2 2.7
2006 5.4 2.5 6.7 2.9
2007 6.2 2.7 6.8 3.1
2008 6.4 3.1 6.7 3.6
2009 6.8 3.5 7.3 4.0
2010 7.1 3.7 7.4 4.1
2011 7.6 4.2 7.5 4.4
2012 8.4 4.4 8.3 4.7
2013 8.5 4.5 8.4 5.0
2014 8.9 4.7 9.5 5.2
2015 9.0 4.9 9.1 5.4
2016 9.5 5.3 9.8 6.0
2017 10.0 5.3 9.9 5.8
2018 10.2 5.3 10.2 6.1
2019 10.4 5.6 10.7 6.3
2020 10.7 5.2 10.5 6.2
2021 10.0 5.6 10.4 6.3
Uruguay
Urban
1989 1.0 0.7
1992 5.1 3.2
1995 17.9 11.5
1996 24.7 15.4
1997 30.8 19.2
1998 38.2 23.7
2000 43.0 27.2
2001 48.3 26.7 41.5 22.0
2002 46.8 24.6 39.8 21.6
2003 47.9 26.4 42.0 21.4
2004 53.2 28.1 45.9 23.1
2005 57.4 30.6 49.7 24.6
2006 68.4 36.0 57.3 30.1
National
2006 67.4 35.6 55.4 29.2
2007 73.6 40.0 60.5 33.0
2008 82.1 46.8 66.2 37.5
2009 104.5 52.1 80.4 42.2
2010 101.3 58.6 85.4 44.2
2011 112.4 66.8 97.1 56.4
2012 120.3 74.5 107.3 59.2
2013 135.6 80.6 119.1 67.0
2014 152.3 93.3 134.6 76.2
2015 169.7 103.8 151.0 85.4
2016 186.8 113.7 165.3 92.3
2017 211.0 126.5 185.6 105.9
2018 222.2 133.7 195.6 111.5
2019 240.1 142.6 215.5 117.9
2020 228.3 152.2
New Methodology
2021-II 265.9 149.0 242.2 121.2
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 42 27
1992 100 67
1995 318 208 289 171
1997 967 594 906 524
1998 1,249 868 1,154 713
1999 1,424 932 1,330 823
2000 1,516 1,132 1,435 974
2001 1,871 1,246 1,795 1,115
2002 2,174 1,375 2,137 1,263
2003 2,427 1,557 2,407 1,434
2004 3,025 1,881 3,066 1,766
2005 3,908 2,421 4,020 2,295
2006 5,136 3,376 5,195 3,815
r a zero-income worker
Hourly wages
By economic sector
Primary Industry Industry

activities low tech high tech
Argentina
1986 1.9 1.5 2.0
1987 7.3 3.0 3.9
1988 36.6 11.7 17.7
1991 22,901 20,214 26,889
1992 4.8 2.8 3.5
15 main cities
1992 3.7 2.7 3.4
1993 7.1 3.0 3.8
1994 4.7 3.2 4.3
1995 6.7 3.2 4.9
1996 4.0 3.2 4.8
1997 4.1 3.1 4.3
1998 3.6 3.2 4.7
28 main cities
1998 3.9 3.1 4.5
1999 3.6 2.9 4.2
2000 3.5 2.9 4.4
2001 5.0 3.0 4.1
2002 3.6 3.5 3.8
2003 3.7 3.4 4.2
EPHC
2003-II 5.9 3.3 4.7
2004-I 5.0 3.4 5.0
2004-II 5.4 3.8 5.1
2005-I 5.3 3.8 5.4
2005-II 16.0 4.1 5.7
2006-I 7.3 4.6 7.1
2006-II 8.0 4.9 7.3
2007-I 7.6 6.4 8.2
2007-II 11.9 5.7 8.5
2008-I 10.3 6.7 9.7
2008-II 10.6 8.6 11.0
2009-I 11.9 9.4 11.8
2009-II 12.7 9.8 13.0
2010-I 16.2 10.7 15.6
2010-II 18.1 12.9 16.9
2011-I 19.9 13.6 18.3
2011-II 23.8 16.2 22.6
2012-I 31.5 17.8 23.6
2012-II 27.2 20.0 24.8
2013-I 31.8 24.2 31.8
2013-II 35.2 26.2 33.8
2014-I 43.1 30.3 37.8
2014-II 42.7 33.3 41.8
2015-I 52.4 39.9 48.8
2016-II 86.4 63.0 82.1

2017-I 83.8 70.4 88.5
2017-II 97.3 75.4 102.9
2018-I 124.5 88.5 114.6
2018-II 150.6 99.2 131.2
2019-I 167.9 115.1 168.3
2019-II 245.2 128.4 196.5
2020-I 238.0 167.6 240.4
2020-II 271.4 186.5 270.3
2021-I 297.9 237.3 289.6
2021-II 397.2 326.4 376.8
Bolivia
Urban
1992 3.7 3.9
1993 4.6 2.9
1997 7.5 5.1
National
1997 4.1 5.5
1999 2.1 4.7
2000 3.5 5.2
2002 2.9 4.6
2005 4.2 6.9
2006 5.2 6.9
2007 4.6 6.4
2008 6.8 8.4
2009 5.1 9.1
2011 9.5 10.8
2012 9.6 12.5
2013 9.6 14.1
2014 10.8 13.5
2015 9.6 14.9
2016 10.8 16.2
2017 10.0 16.0
2018 10.0 18.6
2019 12.6 17.5
2020 9.6 16.8
2021 14.3 17.2
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 81 113 208
1982 152 223 408
1983 365 445 858
1984 1,036 1,334 2,435
1985 3,287 4,311 7,675
Cruzado
1986 11.2 13.7 22.7
1987 30.0 39.2 71.2
1988 214 315 584
New Cruzado
1989 3.6 4.6 8.1
1990 84.3 123 210
New PNAD
1992 4,260 6,454 10,273
Cruzeiro Real
1993 109 152 259
Real
1995 1.4 2.2 3.5
1996 1.7 2.4 3.8
1997 1.6 2.5 4.0
1998 1.7 2.5 4.1
1999 1.7 2.5 3.9
2002 2.0 2.6 4.5
2003 2.5 2.9 5.1
2004 2.9 3.0 5.1
With Rural North
2004 2.9 3.0 5.1
2005 2.9 3.4 5.7
2006 3.6 3.8 6.1
2007 3.8 4.2 6.7
2008 4.1 4.4 7.1
2009 4.5 4.7 7.5
2011 6.7 6.3 10.9
2012 7.2 7.5 12.1
2013 7.7 7.6 13.0
2014 8.4 8.3 13.2
2015 9.1 8.4 15.9
PNADC
2012 5.7 6.1 9.3
2013 6.5 6.6 10.2
2014 7.1 7.2 11.3
2015 7.4 8.3 11.9
2016 8.0 9.0 12.6
2017 8.8 9.6 13.7
2018 9.3 9.3 13.8
2019 9.6 9.2 14.7
2020 10.4 9.9 16.2
2021 10.3 9.9 15.6
Chile
1990 408 405 471
1992 504 660 724
1996 963 1,198 1,423
1998 1,300 1,526 1,564
2000 1,078 1,215 1,355
2003 1,063 1,077 1,461
2006 1,241 1,179 1,757
2009 1,709 1,601 2,113
2011 2,075 1,688 2,326
2013 2,399 1,882 2,601
2015 2,625 2,212 2,807
2017 2,713 2,608 3,388
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 1,132 1,791 2,308
2002 1,371 2,389 3,009
2003 1,532 2,154 3,083
2004 1,553 2,337 4,034
2005 1,778 2,346 3,454
GEIH-National
2008 2,555 3,215 4,585
2009 2,522 3,284 4,460
2010 2,795 3,491 4,766
2011 3,025 3,637 5,199
2012 3,113 3,633 5,089
2013 3,182 3,954 5,756
2014 3,488 4,202 6,191
2015 3,609 4,408 5,944
2016 3,664 4,596 6,256
2017 3,963 4,693 6,534
2018 4,184 4,899 6,664
2019 4,267 4,952 6,881
2020 4,076 5,090 6,970
2021 4,538 5,403 7,285
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 72 88 103
1990 74 94 117
1991 97 130 150
1992 111 155 176
1993 140 189 220
1994 185 223 255
1995 221 270 308
1996 268 314 349
1997 411 408 402
1998 367 441 515
1999 422 500 526
2000 464 561 625
2001 484 609 811
2002 507 690 809
2003 555 758 908
2004 580 808 946
2005 776 925 1,067
2006 805 948 1,156
2007 966 1,272 1,302
2008 1,065 1,322 1,460
2009 1,158 1,399 1,818
ENAHO
2010 1,341 1,553 1,640
2011 1,466 2,051 1,705
2012 1,623 1,937 2,103
2013 1,516 1,891 2,350
2014 1,779 2,880
2015 1,788 2,324
2016 1,834 2,305
2017 1,940 2,611
2018 1,820 2,410
2019 1,923 2,356
2020 1,873 2,457
2021 1,816 2,480
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 19.0 15.6 22.9
1997 19.9 21.8 26.1
ENFT 2
2000 22.1 21.6 31.8
2001 22.7 25.7 39.3
2002 21.5 27.0 34.1
2003 23.3 30.1 41.4
2004 30.1 35.7 49.2
2005 39.1 50.1 64.7
2006 40.8 49.6 63.1
2007 43.9 50.2 69.9
ENFT 4
2008 45.7 66.1 74.0
2009 49.1 68.1 86.0
2010 52.1 80.2 95.9
2011 59.1 81.6 89.8
2012 62.0 69.5 96.3
2013 62.7 77.5 96.8
2014 72.3 84.1 101.3
2015 74.8 86.7 123.5
2016 80.0 87.9 111.9
ECNFT
2016 92.5 91.5 124.5
2017 90.6 86.6 121.2
2018 93.3 91.5 116.9
2019 92.5 95.4 151.7
2020 92.2 100.7 120.2
2021 92.7 109.4 145.6
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 2,076 2,143 2,642
1998 3,753 3,953 6,521
1999 7,874 6,081 9,627
Dollar
2006 0.9 1.3 2.6
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 0.9 1.2 1.5
2004 1.0 1.2 1.7
2005 1.0 1.3 1.9
2006 1.1 1.3 2.3
2007 1.2 1.5 2.0
2008 1.3 1.4 2.2
2009 1.4 1.6 2.1
2010 1.5 1.7 2.4
2011 1.6 1.8 2.3
2012 1.8 1.9 3.1
2013 2.0 2.1 2.7
2014 2.2 2.3 2.8
2015 2.2 2.7 2.9
2016 2.1 2.6 2.7
2017 2.2 2.4 2.9
2018 2.2 2.4 3.2
2019 2.1 2.5 2.9
2020 2.0 2.3 2.7
2021 1.9 2.3 3.1
El Salvador
Colon
2000 6.6 9.4 14.7
2001 5.1 9.2 13.1
2002 9.5 9.5 15.5
2003 6.2 10.2 12.6
Dollar
2004 0.7 1.2 1.5
2005 1.0 1.3 1.7
2006 0.9 1.7 1.3
2007 1.0 1.6 1.4
2008 0.8 1.6 1.4
2009 0.9 1.3 1.7
2010 0.9 1.3 1.6
2011 0.9 1.4 1.6
2012 1.0 1.5 1.7
2013 1.0 1.5 1.7
2014 0.9 1.5 1.8
2015 1.0 1.6 2.0
2016 1.0 1.6 1.9
2017 1.0 1.7 2.0
2018 1.1 1.8 2.0
2019 1.1 1.8 2.1
2020 1.4 1.8 2.2
2021 1.1 2.0 2.2
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 4.3 6.1
2006 6.4 8.8 13.5
2011 7.3 11.5 12.8
2014 7.3 11.6 14.6
ENEI
2002 4.9 6.6 12.0
2003 5.7 7.3 11.3
2004 5.4 7.1 11.8
Honduras
DGEC
1991 2.3 2.2 2.7
1992 2.5 2.3 3.6
1993 2.8 3.1 3.8
1994 3.9 4.0 5.5
1995 5.4 4.7 6.5
1996 6.3 6.1 7.8
1997 7.8 6.9 9.1
1998 12.8 8.9 11.2
1999 13.8 10.1 12.5
INE
2001 10.7 15.0 21.2
2002 13.0 15.7 20.0
2003 15.5 15.8 19.0
2004 15.3 17.9 20.5
2005 17.8 20.9 20.3
2006 15.1 20.8 25.4
2007 16.6 24.2 31.2
2008 28.0 29.4 33.7
2009 26.3 29.0 37.9
2010 29.3 29.8 37.2
2012 51.9 33.0 38.0
2013 30.5 33.4 35.1
2014 29.5 32.2 38.7
2015 30.2 33.2 44.7
2016 27.4 40.9 43.3
2017 26.0 39.3 45.5
2018 19.2 37.3 40.7
2019 21.1 36.5 44.5
Mexico
Peso
1989 2,477 2,809 3,389
1992 5,860 4,537 6,776
New Peso
1994 3.8 6.0 6.9
1996 6.9 8.0 9.3
1998 10.9 10.8 16.0
2000 10.3 18.6 21.3
2002 11.4 15.5 23.7
2008 24.9 23.5 32.3
2010 18.8 21.9 30.0
2012 21.5 29.0 34.4
2014 22.6 25.9 43.2
New Methodology
2016 25.7 27.7 41.5
2018 27.4 31.3 50.0
2020 30.8 34.4 50.2
Nicaragua
1998 5.7 7.7 10.2
2001 7.5 11.0 10.3
2005 13.1 10.7 14.4
2009 18.4 19.2 22.1
2014 37.5 35.2 44.8
Panama
1989 1.3 1.4 1.6
1991 1.2 1.4 1.7
1995 1.2 1.6 1.6
1997 1.3 1.6 2.1
1998 1.3 1.5 2.4
1999 1.2 1.7 2.2
2000 1.3 4.4 2.9
2001 1.1 2.1 2.0
2002 1.1 1.7 2.9
2003 1.2 1.4 2.0
2004 1.1 1.3 2.2
2005 1.1 1.6 2.3
2006 1.2 1.6 2.3
2007 1.3 1.9 2.3
2008 1.5 2.0 2.4
2009 1.6 2.0 2.9
2010 1.6 2.3 2.9
2011 2.0 2.4 3.3
2012 2.6 2.5 3.8
2013 2.0 2.7 4.2
2014 2.1 2.3 4.5
2015 2.5 3.6
2016 2.5 3.5
2017 2.7 3.8
2018 3.0 3.9
2019 3.3 3.9
2021 4.6 6.8
Paraguay
1995 2,565 3,360 3,853
1997 2,828 3,385 4,680
1999 3,823 3,918 4,830
2001 3,784 4,636 4,679
2002 5,524 3,605 4,591
2003 5,807 4,259 5,329
2004 6,398 4,039 6,477
2005 6,854 4,506 6,886
2006 5,149 4,913 6,256
2007 7,946 5,589 5,908
2008 9,353 5,722 7,461
2009 7,646 6,305 8,244
2010 8,712 12,128 9,291
2011 11,766 8,702 13,159
2012 8,008 9,654 11,261
2013 9,574 9,112 12,077
2014 16,410 11,552
2015 9,745 11,020
2016 10,765 10,996
2017 14,887 11,988
2018 11,944 12,588
2019 13,813 12,821
2020 11,602 12,188
2021 14,779 13,205
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 2.3 2.8 3.9
1998 2.6 2.5 4.3
1999 2.5 3.2 4.6
2000 2.5 2.9 3.2
ENAHO 2
2001 1.9 2.8 5.0
2002 2.0 2.8 5.4
2003 1.8 2.9 4.5
ENAHO 3
2003 2.0 3.4 5.6
2004 2.3 3.7 4.6
2005 2.2 2.9 3.9
2006 2.4 2.9 4.6
2007 2.8 3.6 5.4
2008 3.4 3.7 5.7
2009 3.8 4.0 5.7
2010 3.9 4.0 6.6
2011 4.7 4.4 6.3
2012 5.1 4.7 6.7
2013 4.9 5.1 6.8
2014 4.7 5.6 7.8
2015 4.8 5.4 7.7
2016 4.9 5.6 8.4
2017 5.1 5.8 8.6
2018 5.3 5.9 9.3
2019 5.4 6.1 9.1
2020 4.9 6.0 9.3
2021 5.7 6.1 8.5
Uruguay
Urban
1989 0.6 0.7 1.0
1992 4.6 3.9 5.2
1995 13.5 12.5 18.3
1996 15.5 16.8 24.3
1997 21.6 20.7 28.9
1998 28.7 26.4 36.2
2000 32.3 28.8 38.2
2001 35.3 28.8 37.6
2002 34.9 26.4 38.2
2003 40.4 26.3 40.2
2004 50.8 27.6 41.4
2005 50.6 32.6 45.4
2006 60.0 38.8 54.9
National
2006 52.9 38.1 53.8
2007 64.0 43.6 59.8
2008 74.4 49.0 65.8
2009 74.5 57.7 80.0
2010 83.3 59.9 82.8
2011 93.5 69.6 94.8
2012 102.1 80.4 101.6
2013 109.9 88.8 115.5
2014 123.4 102.9 133.2
2015 135.9 113.0 158.4
2016 154.1 125.3 163.3
2017 165.7 140.0 182.3
2018 162.6 147.9 194.7
2019 176.8 161.3 202.7
2020 182.4 165.3 208.7
New Methodology
2021-II 195.2 177.7 225.7
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 26.2 34.5 40.5
1992 69.2 79.1 89.4
1995 186.3 245.8 285.5
1997 599.9 664.6 780.8
1998 914.5 903.1 1,118.6
1999 811.3 978.7 1,231.5
2000 878.6 1,148.8 1,312.8
2001 1,068 1,390 1,612
2002 1,170 1,454 1,830
2003 1,304 1,853 2,117
2004 1,611 2,105 2,553
2005 2,259 2,798 3,282
2006 3,108 3,773 4,341
Utilities & Skilled Public

Construction Commerce transportation services administration
1.4 1.7 1.8 3.0 1.9

3.4 3.2 3.9 6.2 4.5
12.2 13.7 16.6 27.1 20.3
22,446 23,796 27,117 40,883 29,936
3.1 3.4 3.8 5.8 3.7
2.7 3.1 3.6 5.6 3.7

3.4 3.1 3.8 6.0 4.2
3.4 3.5 4.4 6.9 5.3
3.3 3.3 4.2 6.9 5.1
3.2 3.3 4.0 6.4 5.3
3.4 3.1 4.3 6.4 5.2
3.2 3.2 4.2 7.3 5.9
3.0 3.0 4.0 7.0 5.5

3.0 2.9 3.5 5.8 5.3
3.0 2.9 3.5 6.1 5.3
3.1 2.7 3.7 6.2 5.0
3.1 2.6 3.8 6.4 3.9
2.9 2.7 3.6 6.0 4.5
3.7 3.1 4.0 6.2 5.5

3.6 3.2 4.7 6.6 6.3
3.5 3.2 4.4 6.6 5.9
3.6 3.6 4.3 7.0 6.2
4.2 4.0 4.9 8.2 7.7
4.2 4.5 5.7 8.3 8.1
4.8 4.8 6.4 12.3 9.0
5.5 5.3 7.3 9.8 9.9
6.1 6.3 8.0 11.5 10.1
7.1 7.1 8.7 11.6 12.5
8.0 7.9 10.7 14.6 13.4
9.0 8.6 11.0 15.1 14.9
9.6 9.4 11.9 15.7 17.4
10.8 10.6 12.7 17.7 17.7
12.3 11.8 15.6 20.6 20.3
14.8 14.0 17.6 21.8 22.7
15.0 15.4 19.7 26.3 27.7
17.0 17.4 22.1 26.4 29.8
20.3 19.4 26.2 30.6 32.0
22.2 22.6 30.6 34.5 36.2
25.7 25.2 34.3 39.3 42.0
28.3 29.1 36.4 44.0 45.4
31.7 34.7 43.7 56.4 56.9
36.2 37.4 46.3 60.5 61.8
58.8 57.8 76.4 99.0 102.8

66.3 67.8 82.6 104.6 114.0
76.3 75.5 92.5 117.5 124.9
93.5 85.9 109.1 134.5 145.4
98.5 94.9 122.4 153.9 155.2
113.8 112.9 144.2 186.6 195.5
140.6 133.8 176.2 241.5 233.4
170.3 171.6 305.6 279.4 304.4
188.3 175.1 288.9 303.6 337.7
243.7 213.1 400.3 400.1 380.4
288.5 288.6 365.7 513.5 469.1
2.6 3.1 3.8 5.4 3.4

2.8 3.0 4.1 8.4 6.0
5.6 5.8 7.7 11.8 8.1
5.5 6.0 7.7 11.9 8.1

6.9 6.1 7.5 14.6 16.5
5.3 4.1 7.3 13.4 9.7
4.7 5.6 6.7 12.7 11.3
6.3 6.5 8.0 9.9 13.2
6.2 7.3 8.5 20.8 10.6
7.2 7.0 8.0 12.1 12.4
9.6 7.7 9.8 13.7 12.8
10.6 10.0 10.0 13.5 12.4
12.9 11.4 12.8 14.8 15.3
13.4 11.9 13.7 17.7 17.8
15.3 13.9 15.6 19.2 19.6
17.4 16.6 17.0 20.4 19.4
16.4 15.5 17.8 22.2 22.3
17.4 14.8 17.8 24.5 25.5
17.4 15.6 18.1 24.8 27.0
16.8 16.2 18.1 23.2 25.5
17.7 16.6 18.1 22.3 26.8
16.2 17.7 18.1 29.1 28.0
16.5 15.3 18.5 21.6 27.3
99.6 131 187 330 220

215 269 366 667 478
349 552 792 1,387 950
1,170 1,600 2,239 3,868 2,646
3,982 5,428 7,670 12,156 9,052
13.6 19.4 23.2 36.9 25.4

38.9 50.7 69.7 125 81.0
276 373 553 979 574
4.5 6.6 8.5 15.6 8.2

130 166 221 377 265
5,877 7,349 10,440 16,250 10,933
129 180 248 473 264
2.1 2.6 3.3 6.5 4.1

2.5 3.1 3.9 7.3 4.9
2.5 3.1 4.4 8.1 5.3
2.5 3.1 4.0 8.1 5.5
2.3 3.1 3.9 8.0 5.7
2.7 3.3 4.3 6.6 6.4
3.0 3.6 4.8 7.6 7.0
3.1 3.8 5.7 7.1 8.0
3.1 3.8 5.7 7.1 8.0

3.5 4.2 5.5 7.8 8.4
3.8 4.6 5.9 8.6 9.6
4.8 5.2 7.0 9.0 10.6
4.6 5.2 6.8 9.5 11.4
4.8 5.5 7.4 10.7 12.1
7.8 7.8 11.8 15.2 16.3
8.6 8.5 11.1 17.5 16.7
11.2 10.5 13.8 21.5 21.7
10.1 9.7 13.1 19.0 23.4
12.3 11.0 15.3 28.1 30.9
7.3 7.1 10.6 12.6 14.9

7.9 7.8 11.1 14.3 16.8
8.3 8.4 12.4 14.9 18.2
9.1 8.8 12.7 15.7 20.2
10.2 9.5 13.5 17.7 22.0
10.2 9.5 14.1 17.6 22.9
10.4 9.9 14.1 18.5 24.8
10.9 10.4 15.0 18.8 26.5
11.1 10.9 15.4 19.3 26.7
10.9 10.8 15.6 20.7 29.3
434 525 608 997 462

798 760 811 1,324 648
1,343 1,308 1,603 2,844 1,344
1,355 1,460 1,595 3,133 1,574
1,033 1,042 1,212 2,197 1,497

1,285 1,104 1,399 2,380 1,938
1,414 1,330 1,600 2,595 2,155
1,857 1,677 2,087 3,188 2,942
1,947 1,785 2,358 3,874 3,085
2,463 2,127 2,839 5,578 3,620
2,641 2,388 3,203 4,927 3,979
3,047 2,708 3,527 5,257 4,430
1,717 1,741 2,029 3,760 4,242

2,114 2,191 2,514 4,968 4,514
1,976 2,121 2,512 4,673 4,358
2,312 2,313 2,572 5,913 4,789
2,411 2,552 2,797 6,186 5,845
3,026 3,171 3,232 6,193 7,515

3,133 3,308 3,375 6,075 8,117
3,426 3,456 3,720 6,735 8,558
3,635 3,667 3,938 7,227 8,803
3,822 3,765 4,008 7,104 9,537
3,983 3,932 4,243 7,545 10,113
4,429 4,182 4,699 8,226 10,518
4,539 4,387 4,681 8,122 11,118
4,732 4,497 4,883 8,199 12,001
5,048 4,630 5,177 8,533 12,134
5,302 4,952 5,511 9,414 12,711
5,690 5,114 5,722 9,910 14,584
5,224 4,572 5,912 8,894 14,577
5,477 4,994 6,288 9,437 15,278
82 102 134 181 133

111 120 159 205 157
127 154 209 241 178
151 173 220 310 230
189 227 294 384 292
221 275 320 471 356
276 330 394 474 451
338 379 453 581 477
369 418 489 621 566
441 480 590 761 705
459 572 685 830 740
513 647 730 940 848
596 729 846 1,052 1,082
624 745 907 1,110 1,118
758 804 940 1,248 1,236
720 824 1,080 1,324 1,348
773 939 1,144 1,530 1,596
899 1,077 1,398 1,798 1,945
1,056 1,333 1,785 2,056 2,042
1,209 1,432 1,814 2,478 2,408
1,428 1,584 2,183 2,996 2,914
1,447 1,717 2,510 2,971 3,338

1,564 1,879 2,257 2,842 3,703
1,806 1,990 2,379 3,434 3,688
2,300 2,099 2,500 3,770 4,045
1,859 2,252 2,807 3,636 4,156
1,830 2,159 2,817 3,186 4,372
1,914 2,610 3,202 3,564 4,572
1,983 2,365 2,939 3,539 4,528
1,994 2,273 3,069 3,818 4,752
1,980 2,281 3,327 3,387 4,542
2,250 2,545 3,094 3,507 4,954
2,188 2,299 3,171 3,817 4,755
27.4 23.5 23.5 34.8 15.7

30.4 26.9 29.1 55.6 26.8
40.6 30.5 35.1 59.7 30.1

40.7 34.1 35.1 56.8 39.4
38.4 35.4 34.0 59.2 40.6
48.6 38.0 43.6 79.1 50.8
57.6 42.1 53.9 76.5 48.4
66.2 58.3 64.6 111.6 66.1
68.6 62.5 76.0 133.3 76.0
76.4 64.7 76.1 114.9 74.7
87.3 74.3 85.2 135.2 98.2

93.2 78.0 77.5 154.0 91.7
101.2 76.4 96.0 141.3 100.9
114.2 82.9 91.3 159.0 92.8
96.2 80.9 90.3 156.7 105.8
87.9 88.1 97.1 181.2 122.1
103.5 87.6 105.9 168.5 112.8
123.1 96.9 115.7 164.9 134.4
120.4 105.4 112.5 170.4 146.3
131.7 93.3 124.0 166.3 124.9

134.4 97.2 119.2 175.1 150.4
137.6 107.1 124.8 273.4 175.2
150.6 113.1 131.8 221.6 194.6
133.7 101.7 118.0 158.9 182.5
149.9 100.1 125.2 191.0 163.8
2,587 2,917 3,366 4,001 2,979

5,636 5,585 9,530 10,109 9,611
6,232 8,048 12,605 12,640 13,873
1.8 1.9 2.4 3.1 3.8
1.2 1.4 1.6 2.7 2.9

1.3 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.6
1.4 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.4
1.5 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.7
1.8 1.7 1.8 2.8 2.8
1.7 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.1
1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 3.9
1.9 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.8
1.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 4.1
2.2 2.2 2.4 2.9 4.3
2.4 2.2 2.6 3.7 4.6
2.6 2.5 2.7 3.6 4.7
2.8 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.8
3.3 2.6 2.7 3.5 4.9
2.6 2.6 2.8 3.8 5.0
2.5 2.5 2.7 3.9 5.2
2.7 2.5 2.8 3.6 4.8
2.4 2.3 2.3 4.1 4.5
2.5 2.4 2.5 3.6 4.4
11.4 12.0 17.2 18.1 21.6

11.6 11.7 18.6 21.2 19.9
11.2 11.9 16.4 18.2 19.6
11.1 11.5 17.4 16.6 19.0
1.3 1.4 2.2 1.8 2.4

1.3 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.4
1.3 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.5
1.5 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.7
1.6 1.5 2.1 3.1 2.9
1.5 1.6 2.1 2.4 3.1
1.6 1.5 2.0 2.2 3.0
1.5 1.5 2.2 2.5 2.9
1.6 1.5 2.4 2.2 2.6
1.6 1.7 2.2 3.1 3.0
1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3 3.2
1.7 1.7 2.4 2.3 3.1
1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.0
1.6 1.7 2.1 2.6 3.2
1.8 1.8 2.3 2.4 3.2
1.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.4
2.0 2.0 2.8 2.6 3.3
2.0 2.0 2.6 3.2 3.4
7.3 7.2 9.7 19.0 15.3

9.6 15.5 13.7 23.7 21.3
11.3 13.7 23.9 20.2 21.7
11.0 14.9 21.0 22.8 28.0
10.1 11.2 12.6 20.9 22.2
8.7 11.1 10.9 23.3 20.6
9.7 9.7 12.2 18.8 15.6
2.5 2.6 3.9 6.2 3.8

2.6 3.3 4.6 8.7 4.2
3.3 3.9 5.9 6.1 5.6
4.5 5.4 9.4 9.7 6.7
4.9 6.0 7.5 17.8 7.4
6.2 7.5 10.2 12.9 7.7
8.1 9.4 13.8 16.0 11.6
10.3 13.2 14.8 21.4 13.0
11.0 14.4 17.1 21.8 15.6
16.5 19.9 26.3 29.9 27.9

19.8 19.4 26.1 32.5 30.7
15.4 26.4 30.0 32.1 30.7
18.2 19.3 29.8 33.7 34.5
20.9 21.7 40.4 37.2 34.7
21.2 23.7 35.7 39.5 40.8
25.8 29.1 39.6 48.9 44.1
28.2 30.8 52.4 52.6 56.2
32.8 37.6 55.0 64.5 50.8
45.2 36.0 45.9 62.7 57.2
29.7 35.0 58.6 51.7 66.2
30.1 34.5 61.8 53.3 61.4
35.3 37.3 44.2 58.8 67.5
32.2 40.2 47.3 65.1 81.3
30.8 40.4 45.5 72.9 72.1
35.9 41.9 48.2 63.9 69.3
32.7 32.5 44.2 57.9 80.3
33.8 39.6 47.0 72.3 78.0
3,221 3,495 3,895 6,370 3,238

5,173 6,180 7,207 10,977 7,168
5.7 7.2 10.1 14.9 8.5
7.2 9.1 13.1 18.1 12.9
9.1 13.4 19.3 25.2 16.2
17.2 19.7 31.1 36.3 24.9
18.9 21.0 25.6 40.0 27.7
29.6 26.5 33.2 43.8 50.5
27.6 25.7 32.7 44.1 47.3
34.9 27.9 28.6 49.8 78.1
30.9 28.8 34.1 55.4 57.9
34.3 31.6 38.6 55.1 60.2

39.9 35.0 46.1 62.0 67.7
38.6 35.7 46.6 64.3 84.0
10.9 8.3 15.7 21.3 13.2

11.1 15.4 19.2 25.3 19.8
14.2 15.0 17.4 23.3 22.9
26.0 23.6 32.4 31.2 42.9
42.6 45.5 42.8 62.1 51.9
1.7 1.6 2.7 3.3 0.8

1.5 1.8 3.0 3.1 2.6
1.9 1.9 3.2 3.3 3.2
1.9 1.9 3.2 3.1 3.0
2.2 2.4 3.2 4.8 2.9
2.1 2.2 3.1 3.5 3.0
2.2 2.3 3.7 4.3 3.2
2.0 2.0 3.3 3.7 3.4
2.0 2.2 3.4 3.7 3.3
2.1 2.0 3.4 3.6 3.4
2.0 2.0 3.4 3.6 3.3
2.1 1.9 3.2 3.8 3.2
2.2 2.1 3.4 3.9 3.2
2.3 2.2 3.5 4.0 3.5
2.5 2.4 3.8 4.6 3.5
2.6 2.6 4.0 5.0 3.5
3.3 2.8 4.0 4.8 4.1
3.4 3.3 4.6 5.0 4.2
3.8 3.6 5.0 6.5 4.8
4.0 3.7 5.4 5.7 5.0
4.2 3.9 5.8 6.7 5.3
4.1 4.1 6.2 6.9 5.5
4.8 4.4 5.7 9.8 6.2
4.7 4.4 6.2 6.8 6.4
4.9 5.2 6.5 6.9 7.0
6.0 4.9 6.4 7.5 7.3
5.8 5.0 8.1 9.4 7.4
2,775 4,125 5,490 8,009 4,526

3,646 4,050 8,773 11,225 7,515
4,332 4,347 6,906 7,423 7,976
3,647 4,583 7,966 9,247 8,967
3,707 3,720 7,279 9,144 8,030
4,117 5,113 7,735 10,443 8,937
3,927 4,830 7,371 9,892 8,663
4,384 4,834 10,328 9,710 9,871
5,478 5,299 10,499 11,254 9,827
5,983 6,938 14,361 12,429 9,108
5,751 6,638 11,568 14,621 11,045
7,457 7,417 9,040 12,642 11,625
7,813 9,153 19,233 13,823 13,569
8,270 10,258 13,562 20,094 14,961
9,979 9,203 16,385 17,649 16,151
9,735 10,105 17,612 21,259 19,077
10,534 11,756 13,503 19,665 22,451
10,690 11,791 16,702 20,545 22,343
11,013 12,030 14,763 19,704 22,391
12,189 11,566 14,619 22,235 25,605
12,309 12,794 16,406 21,230 29,780
12,430 12,423 18,943 21,313 28,279
12,388 10,754 15,483 18,978 27,967
12,724 11,584 15,221 21,708 31,991
3.7 3.3 4.1 6.7 3.2

4.5 3.3 3.4 6.1 4.3
4.2 3.1 3.8 7.6 4.6
3.8 2.9 4.8 4.8 4.1
4.4 3.5 3.4 6.9 4.6

4.1 3.5 4.3 7.7 4.3
5.8 3.0 3.9 5.8 5.1
6.0 3.3 3.9 8.8 5.2

3.6 3.0 3.4 5.7 5.1
3.5 3.3 3.8 6.9 4.8
5.6 3.2 3.8 6.3 5.6
4.7 3.7 4.5 9.4 5.4
5.5 4.3 4.3 8.6 6.0
5.6 4.3 4.7 8.3 7.3
6.4 4.8 5.3 8.0 7.1
6.5 5.2 5.2 10.0 7.1
7.7 5.6 6.0 9.5 7.5
7.8 5.6 6.0 9.7 8.1
7.8 5.7 6.2 11.2 8.7
8.5 5.9 6.7 10.5 9.0
9.0 6.5 7.2 10.6 10.3
8.8 6.4 7.0 11.9 9.7
9.1 6.5 6.6 10.9 10.3
9.0 6.5 7.9 11.3 11.5
8.1 6.1 6.6 12.8 12.1
8.4 6.1 6.3 10.4 11.2
0.6 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.9

3.6 4.4 4.8 8.6 4.4
12.5 14.2 17.2 29.3 16.3
17.6 18.8 24.1 39.7 22.9
20.8 23.6 28.9 55.2 29.3
25.4 29.2 38.0 62.0 36.2
30.7 29.4 45.1 62.5 42.2
28.2 30.4 45.1 64.4 43.5
25.6 27.3 44.0 62.6 40.1
28.5 28.7 44.8 68.0 43.4
29.9 31.1 49.8 71.1 50.8
32.0 33.4 51.6 77.4 56.0
37.9 42.3 67.2 94.4 67.9
37.6 41.6 66.2 93.1 66.1

43.7 44.4 70.0 101.4 71.8
51.0 54.2 77.7 115.1 80.8
64.0 60.7 92.8 127.9 95.7
67.2 64.7 103.8 132.0 101.1
78.0 75.1 106.5 139.4 121.0
89.6 81.0 117.6 147.1 130.1
103.4 91.9 126.7 156.8 142.8
118.7 103.4 144.8 174.2 161.7
134.6 113.6 166.0 188.8 179.5
138.3 125.5 174.5 212.9 193.0
156.7 141.8 199.1 239.2 212.8
161.0 147.0 204.7 252.9 230.5
176.1 157.0 222.9 269.7 254.2
198.6 166.0 233.1 266.1 267.1
190.0 166.3 229.6 292.1 284.4
40.3 36.4 39.8 50.8 37.6

89.0 86.5 97.7 129.9 93.5
280.7 264.0 356.4 404.3 271.5
867.7 738.1 1,017.2 1,185.5 997.3
1,156.3 1,012.7 1,256.0 1,516.5 1,139.6
1,286.8 1,144.1 1,360.1 1,885.5 1,376.7
1,507.7 1,235.2 1,537.5 1,810.1 1,446.5
1,829 1,420 1,741 2,244 1,884
2,110 1,603 1,962 2,613 2,193
2,183 1,774 2,213 2,704 2,499
2,744 2,270 2,675 3,435 3,129
3,901 2,793 3,662 4,041 4,120
4,845 3,755 5,069 5,371 5,508
nd The World Bank)
Education & Domestic

Health servants
2.1 1.2
4.7 2.3
20.4 8.4
30,045 20,766
4.1 3.0
3.9 2.8
4.4 3.1
5.5 3.6
5.2 3.5
5.4 3.5
5.2 3.7
5.6 3.3
5.4 3.1
5.4 3.0
5.1 2.9
5.0 2.9
4.8 2.9
4.8 3.0
6.0 3.0
5.8 3.1
6.4 3.1
6.6 3.1
7.3 3.5
8.8 3.7
9.1 3.9
9.9 4.2
11.9 4.9
12.7 5.6
14.5 6.3
16.1 7.0
16.8 8.3
18.7 9.3
21.9 10.3
23.5 11.1
27.6 13.3
30.8 14.8
36.0 16.7
38.7 19.3
42.1 22.0
49.6 25.9
55.8 28.5
64.9 36.1
101.6 55.3
115.8 68.3
131.5 73.3
146.9 76.0
164.4 91.5
194.4 99.4
232.8 115.8
316.1 143.8
378.7 161.5
418.4 200.3
483.9 233.1
4.2 1.0
4.6 1.1
9.5 2.1
9.0 2.3
10.3 3.2
9.9 3.3
10.9 3.4
11.6 3.1
13.3 5.3
13.2 4.3
15.9 7.0
16.4 6.2
18.7 7.5
20.6 7.6
27.4 8.9
26.4 9.3
27.4 10.5
31.8 11.5
32.0 10.6
33.4 11.2
34.5 12.1
34.9 12.0
36.1 11.9
176 39.5
352 80
716 156
2,093 413
7,268 1,427
21.1 4.7
66.3 15.5
477 104
7.2 1.6
214 49
9,355 3,141
234 64
3.5 1.0
4.1 1.3
4.2 1.4
4.5 1.5
4.5 1.4
5.2 1.5
5.8 1.8
6.0 1.8
6.0 1.8
7.0 2.0
7.3 2.3
8.0 2.7
8.4 2.7
9.7 3.0
12.2 4.5
13.6 5.2
16.5 6.0
16.7 6.4
20.0 7.5
11.5 4.3
12.7 4.8
13.8 5.4
14.7 5.8
15.8 6.3
16.6 6.7
17.7 7.0
18.0 7.2
18.7 7.4
20.6 7.6
582 189
833 734
1,861 575
2,031 698
1,691 610
1,921 741
2,141 852
2,714 1,087
2,882 1,485
3,510 1,472
3,692 1,778
4,493 1,952
3,498 1,170
4,912 1,404
4,100 1,579
4,555 1,702
4,874 1,764
5,845 2,170
5,989 2,273
6,374 2,474
6,679 2,731
7,098 2,910
7,424 3,113
7,655 3,307
8,054 3,538
8,403 3,797
9,007 3,991
9,332 4,264
9,778 4,464
9,583 4,327
9,978 4,723
159 48
181 57
250 74
286 90
391 129
440 159
511 183
571 229
677 235
808 260
891 311
982 370
1,031 377
1,264 411
1,298 430
1,423 473
1,476 524
1,652 590
1,837 690
2,305 779
2,609 874
2,623 1,076
3,124 1,169
3,204 1,235
3,693 1,413
3,562 1,451
3,679 1,400
3,679 1,495
3,569 1,623
3,602 1,608
3,709 1,668
4,283 1,827
3,641 1,746
23.0 6.1
33.5 14.3
37.6 11.8
40.6 12.2
40.3 13.6
46.0 16.9
50.0 19.3
72.4 33.6
76.9 33.8
75.9 41.1
89.3 40.6
89.3 39.0
95.0 47.7
94.2 45.8
101.2 53.8
106.3 53.2
109.8 59.0
112.2 60.1
125.1 62.8
121.9 64.4
135.8 70.4
134.7 71.8
134.7 84.9
156.7 78.2
169.4 78.5
3,157 1,600
7,482 2,790
11,501 4,421
2.9 1.1
1.7 0.6
2.0 0.8
2.1 0.8
2.1 0.9
2.2 1.0
2.3 1.1
2.4 1.2
2.7 1.3
3.1 1.5
3.4 1.8
3.4 1.9
3.3 2.2
3.6 2.1
3.8 2.5
3.7 2.2
4.1 2.2
3.7 2.3
3.6 2.3
3.6 2.2
17.9 5.6
18.3 5.4
20.4 5.6
17.8 6.1
2.1 0.7
2.3 0.8
2.5 1.0
2.4 0.9
2.5 0.9
2.4 0.9
2.5 1.0
2.5 1.0
2.6 1.1
2.7 1.2
2.7 1.2
2.7 1.2
2.8 1.2
3.1 1.2
3.2 1.3
3.3 1.4
3.7 1.5
3.5 1.5
11.8 3.7
19.0 7.3
22.2 7.6
24.7 8.0
17.2 4.7
15.9 5.9
16.0 6.0
4.2 0.8
4.7 0.9
5.2 1.0
6.9 1.3
7.8 2.0
9.3 1.9
11.7 2.8
13.7 6.1
17.6 7.0
29.5 5.2
27.2 6.0
31.3 7.3
33.0 8.9
38.6 12.6
42.5 10.9
47.3 11.7
54.4 13.6
56.7 15.4
58.8 16.1
73.5 19.7
62.5 15.8
64.4 21.3
62.0 16.9
65.8 18.1
81.9 21.7
64.4 21.8
69.8 21.0
4,574 1,722
9,788 3,198
12.6 3.9
15.7 5.3
25.8 7.0
33.1 9.1
37.3 14.9
55.6 18.0
54.9 19.1
57.5 23.3
60.8 22.7
63.6 24.3
71.9 29.0
78.1 29.4
12.2 5.2
16.8 6.2
16.0 8.4
26.7 14.5
44.6 23.0
2.5 2.1
2.6 0.6
2.8 0.6
2.7 0.7
3.3 0.7
3.1 0.9
3.2 1.1
3.0 0.8
3.1 0.9
3.0 0.9
3.2 0.8
3.1 1.0
3.2 0.9
3.3 1.0
3.4 1.1
3.9 1.2
4.0 1.3
4.4 1.6
5.0 1.7
5.0 2.1
5.3 2.2
6.3 2.4
5.9 2.5
6.3 2.7
6.5 2.7
6.5 2.7
9.7 3.4
4,962 1,725
6,425 2,368
7,337 2,549
6,785 2,695
6,165 2,562
7,311 2,728
6,640 3,016
8,524 3,139
9,174 3,288
9,682 3,644
10,222 4,400
11,725 4,231
12,606 5,383
14,339 5,109
15,096 6,266
16,778 6,375
15,032 6,856
15,099 7,510
17,156 7,525
16,985 8,213
16,797 8,909
17,836 9,576
16,138 9,464
17,251 9,701
4.6 3.0
4.9 2.6
5.1 3.1
4.8 2.3
5.3 2.2
5.9 2.3
4.9 2.5
5.2 2.4
5.2 2.2
5.1 2.2
6.1 2.5
6.1 2.6
6.1 2.7
7.1 3.2
7.0 3.2
7.1 3.7
8.4 4.1
8.6 4.3
9.5 4.4
9.3 4.8
9.7 5.4
10.7 5.3
11.0 5.4
11.2 6.0
12.5 5.9
11.7 6.2
1.1
5.1 2.8
19.6 9.9
26.8 14.2
32.8 16.8
40.2 22.2
45.7 21.8
53.9 23.3
50.0 21.6
47.9 23.4
55.3 23.3
60.2 26.1
69.1 31.8
68.1 31.5
76.4 33.6
81.1 38.5
103.8 41.0
112.3 43.5
124.8 54.5
131.5 64.4
150.3 70.4
166.5 84.4
181.9 91.4
201.0 100.4
227.1 115.8
242.7 126.8
260.0 133.1
279.1 151.5
283.5 149.6
43.1 13.5
104.0 31.2
285.5 115.7
857.6 320.0
1,140.1 550.2
1,263.3 619.3
1,564.6 894.0
1,858 901
2,081 1,046
2,342 1,172
2,961 1,292
3,751 1,746
4,993 2,513
Hours of work
Weekly hours in all jobs
Gender Age
Argentina
1986 45.3 38.6 49.3 41.6
1987 45.2 38.3 49.3 43.3
1988 45.3 38.1 49.5 42.6
1991 44.3 37.2 48.6 41.5
1992 44.5 37.8 48.5 41.7
15 main cities
1992 44.3 37.6 48.4 41.5
1993 44.6 37.8 48.8 42.2
1994 44.0 36.5 48.4 42.0
1995 43.5 36.2 48.0 41.2
1996 43.6 36.2 48.2 41.0
1997 43.8 37.3 47.8 41.3
1998 43.9 37.0 48.5 40.5
28 main cities
1998 44.0 37.1 48.5 40.9
1999 43.6 36.8 48.3 40.1
2000 43.1 36.6 47.5 39.4
2001 41.9 35.3 46.5 37.2
2002 39.5 33.6 44.0 36.2
2003 39.6 33.0 44.7 35.5
EPHC
2003-II 40.0 33.4 44.8 36.7
2004-I 40.7 34.2 45.3 37.1
2004-II 40.8 34.1 45.5 37.3
2005-I 41.5 34.9 46.1 38.9
2005-II 41.5 34.8 46.3 38.1
2006-I 41.5 34.6 46.5 38.1
2006-II 41.6 35.2 46.2 37.5
2007-I 41.7 35.3 46.2 38.5
2007-II 42.1 35.7 46.5 38.9
2008-I 42.4 36.0 46.8 39.2
2008-II 41.5 35.5 45.7 37.9
2009-I 41.0 34.9 45.4 36.9
2009-II 41.1 35.1 45.4 37.3
2010-I 41.3 35.4 45.4 37.1
2010-II 41.3 35.2 45.5 37.2
2011-I 41.5 35.8 45.4 38.3
2011-II 41.0 35.1 45.2 36.9
2012-I 40.9 35.0 45.0 37.4
2012-II 40.5 34.6 44.6 35.9
2013-I 40.5 34.8 44.4 36.9
2013-II 40.3 34.6 44.3 36.9
2014-I 40.2 34.5 44.0 37.1
2014-II 39.7 34.2 43.7 36.2
2015-I 39.8 34.0 43.7 37.1
2016-II 39.1 33.8 43.0 35.2

2017-I 38.9 33.7 42.6 34.6
2017-II 39.1 34.1 42.8 34.5
2018-I 38.9 33.7 42.8 34.1
2018-II 38.8 33.7 42.6 34.1
2019-I 38.1 33.2 41.8 33.5
2019-II 38.3 33.5 42.0 33.6
2020-I 36.6 32.6 39.6 32.2
2020-II 36.0 31.8 39.1 31.7
2021-I 37.5 32.8 40.9 32.4
2021-II 37.9 33.2 41.5 33.1
Bolivia
Urban
1992 47.2 44.5 49.1 47.3
1993 48.3 45.0 50.9 47.9
1997 47.0 43.0 50.0 43.8
National
1997 43.3 39.3 46.6 41.5
1999 44.1 41.9 45.9 42.1
2000 46.2 43.6 48.2 44.3
2001 41.0 37.6 43.9 39.1
2002 43.6 40.4 46.2 41.0
2005 44.9 41.7 47.5 42.2
2006 44.1 41.5 46.3 39.4
2007 45.4 42.4 47.8 41.1
2008 45.3 41.7 48.2 40.8
2009 44.7 41.2 47.5 38.9
2011 44.7 41.1 47.6 40.8
2012 46.0 42.5 48.8 41.4
2013 45.0 41.7 47.6 39.8
2014 45.1 41.5 47.9 40.2
2015 46.7 42.7 49.6 41.5
2016 42.0 38.2 44.9 35.6
2017 43.9 40.5 46.6 38.1
2018 43.4 39.6 46.3 36.2
2019 41.4 37.5 44.5 33.9
2020 43.0 39.9 45.4 38.4
2021 42.8 39.0 45.6 36.9
Brazil
1981 45.6 40.8 47.8 45.4
1982 45.6 40.3 48.1 45.4
1983 45.1 40.3 47.5 44.8
1984 45.4 40.5 47.9 45.3
1985 45.3 40.4 47.8 45.2
1986 45.2 40.5 47.6 45.1
1987 45.0 40.1 47.6 44.9
1988 44.8 39.7 47.6 44.5
1989 43.7 39.3 46.2 43.4
1990 43.7 39.1 46.3 43.4
New PNAD
1992 41.8 35.9 45.8 42.4
1993 41.4 35.3 45.3 41.6
1995 41.3 35.5 45.3 41.3
1996 41.5 36.1 45.0 41.6
1997 41.8 36.1 45.6 41.1
1998 41.8 36.3 45.4 40.9
1999 41.2 35.8 44.8 40.2
2001 41.7 36.6 45.2 40.4
2002 41.3 36.1 45.0 39.9
2003 41.1 36.1 44.7 39.6
2004 40.9 36.1 44.4 39.5
With Rural North
2004 40.8 36.0 44.3 39.4
2005 40.4 35.5 43.9 39.0
2006 40.3 35.6 43.7 38.9
2007 40.4 35.9 43.6 38.9
2008 40.4 36.2 43.5 39.0
2009 40.3 36.2 43.3 38.7
2011 40.3 36.7 42.9 38.9
2012 40.0 36.6 42.5 38.5
2013 39.7 36.4 42.2 38.3
2014 39.4 36.0 42.0 37.9
2015 38.7 35.4 41.2 37.1
PNADC
2012 41.1 37.5 43.6 39.1
2013 40.7 37.4 43.1 38.8
2014 40.5 37.4 42.7 38.5
2015 40.1 37.1 42.2 37.9
2016 39.8 37.2 41.7 37.7
2017 39.7 37.0 41.7 37.2
2018 39.8 37.0 41.8 37.1
2019 39.9 37.1 41.9 37.1
2020 39.8 37.2 41.7 37.5
2021 39.7 37.0 41.6 37.6
Chile
1990 49.9 47.4 51.0 50.2
1992 49.7 47.5 50.7 49.4
1996 47.6 44.9 49.0 46.1
1998 47.4 44.1 49.3 46.0
2000 48.1 44.7 50.1 45.8
2003 45.4 42.2 47.3 42.1
2006 44.9 41.7 46.8 42.1
2009 43.5 40.7 45.2 41.0
2011 43.1 40.3 45.0 40.7
2013 43.3 40.1 45.5 40.7
2015 43.2 40.1 45.4 40.0
2017 42.9 40.2 44.9 39.5
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 44.9 39.9 48.4 43.1
2002 45.8 40.6 49.2 43.6
2003 46.3 40.6 50.0 43.0
2004 46.1 40.9 49.4 43.3
2005 46.3 41.2 49.5 43.5
GEIH-National
2008 48.0 43.1 51.2 45.5
2009 47.2 42.2 50.6 43.9
2010 47.1 41.9 50.7 43.7
2011 46.7 41.3 50.4 43.1
2012 46.5 41.0 50.3 42.9
2013 46.3 40.7 50.3 42.6
2014 46.2 41.0 49.9 42.6
2015 45.9 40.8 49.7 42.4
2016 45.8 40.6 49.6 42.5
2017 45.5 40.5 49.1 42.3
2018 45.3 40.4 48.8 42.2
2019 45.3 40.3 48.8 42.2
2020 44.9 40.6 47.7 42.0
2021 45.2 40.9 47.9 42.5
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 45.3 40.4 47.3 45.0
1990 45.8 41.2 47.8 46.0
1991 44.3 38.8 46.8 43.9
1992 46.2 40.9 48.5 46.2
1993 46.0 40.4 48.4 46.1
1994 46.5 40.9 48.8 46.3
1995 45.7 40.3 48.0 45.5
1996 46.5 41.3 48.7 45.5
1997 46.0 39.7 48.9 44.8
1998 46.0 39.2 49.2 44.6
1999 46.3 40.2 49.3 45.1
2000 46.0 40.6 48.6 44.8
2001 45.7 39.8 49.0 44.4
2002 45.8 39.5 49.2 43.7
2003 45.8 39.3 49.2 44.0
2004 46.1 39.6 49.5 44.5
2005 45.7 39.3 49.2 44.0
2006 45.7 39.8 49.0 44.2
2007 46.5 40.4 50.0 45.0
2008 46.8 40.7 50.5 45.6
2009 45.7 39.9 49.2 44.2
ENAHO
2010 45.1 39.0 48.7 44.2
2011 44.1 38.3 47.7 42.0
2012 44.1 38.4 47.6 43.2
2013 43.7 37.8 47.4 41.6
2014 43.9 38.6 47.1 43.2
2015 43.4 37.2 47.2 42.2
2016 42.4 36.3 46.3 39.8
2017 42.6 36.9 46.2 41.0
2018 42.5 37.3 45.7 41.9
2019 43.0 38.1 46.0 41.5
2020 39.4 35.2 41.9 38.2
2021 42.1 38.0 44.7 41.2
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 43.9 41.2 44.9 42.8
1997 43.1 40.2 44.4 42.5
ENFT 2
2000 43.6 39.6 45.6 42.1
2001 43.5 39.4 45.6 41.6
2002 42.2 38.8 44.0 40.5
2003 42.6 38.8 44.5 41.3
2004 43.0 39.0 45.1 41.1
2005 42.1 38.5 44.0 39.6
2006 42.3 38.5 44.4 39.7
2007 42.0 38.6 43.9 39.3
ENFT 4
2008 41.6 37.6 43.7 38.9
2009 42.5 38.6 44.5 40.7
2010 41.3 38.1 43.2 38.3
2011 40.9 37.7 42.8 38.7
2012 42.0 38.8 44.0 39.9
2013 41.9 38.7 43.9 40.7
2014 42.5 39.5 44.4 40.2
2015 42.9 39.9 44.7 41.5
2016 42.9 40.6 44.4 41.7
ECNFT
2016 42.5 39.4 44.4 42.1
2017 41.4 38.2 43.4 40.8
2018 41.8 38.1 44.0 41.6
2019 41.4 38.0 43.6 41.4
2020 40.5 36.8 42.7 41.3
2021 41.1 38.2 43.1 41.7
Ecuador
ECV
1994 41.0 35.0 44.7 39.4
1995 45.0 40.6 47.3 43.8
1998 46.6 42.9 48.6 48.6
1999 43.4 37.6 46.5 43.7
2006 43.0 36.8 46.7 43.2
ENEMDU
2003 42.5 38.7 44.8 41.5
2004 41.3 36.9 44.2 39.5
2005 41.9 37.8 44.5 40.5
2006 41.0 37.1 43.6 39.2
2007 41.3 37.2 44.0 39.6
2008 42.2 38.1 44.9 39.9
2009 41.7 38.2 44.0 39.5
2010 41.7 38.5 43.8 40.0
2011 41.0 37.3 43.4 39.2
2012 40.5 37.5 42.4 38.4
2013 40.6 37.2 42.7 38.2
2014 39.5 36.0 41.9 37.1
2015 38.8 35.0 41.3 35.4
2016 37.7 33.6 40.6 33.3
2017 37.9 33.8 40.7 33.3
2018 37.3 33.6 39.8 32.8
2019 37.0 33.7 39.3 32.7
2020 34.7 31.2 37.1 31.1
2021 35.1 30.9 38.2 31.4
El Salvador
2000 45.6 44.9 46.1 45.5
2001 44.4 44.2 44.6 43.4
2002 45.0 44.8 45.1 44.2
2003 45.3 45.0 45.6 44.3
2004 45.3 44.7 45.8 44.1
2005 43.8 43.0 44.4 43.2
2006 44.6 43.7 45.3 43.6
2007 44.4 43.1 45.3 43.3
2008 44.0 43.0 44.7 42.8
2009 43.2 42.1 44.0 41.5
2010 42.8 41.7 43.6 41.3
2011 43.1 41.9 44.0 41.8
2012 42.3 41.2 43.1 40.0
2013 42.9 41.3 44.0 40.9
2014 43.2 42.0 44.0 41.4
2015 43.1 42.1 43.8 40.9
2016 43.2 42.1 44.0 41.2
2017 43.2 41.8 44.2 40.8
2018 43.4 41.7 44.6 41.5
2019 44.1 42.4 45.3 42.8
2020 44.3 42.4 45.7 42.3
2021 44.7 43.1 45.8 43.4
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 46.4 41.2 50.2 48.1
2006 42.4 35.7 46.5 42.6
2011 44.4 38.3 47.8 43.9
2014 45.5 39.6 48.6 45.6
ENEI
2002 43.2 37.2 46.6 44.1
2003 44.4 38.5 47.8 45.0
2004 42.8 35.5 46.6 43.1
Honduras
DGEC
1991 47.0 45.5 47.7 47.3
1992 46.4 44.3 47.5 46.7
1993 47.2 45.7 47.9 48.2
1994 46.6 44.4 47.6 47.0
1995 45.3 43.1 46.3 45.5
1996 44.1 41.0 45.7 44.8
1997 44.6 41.6 46.3 45.6
1998 43.4 39.8 45.6 43.8
1999 42.5 38.4 45.1 43.5
INE
2001 43.4 40.1 45.2 43.5
2002 43.9 40.1 45.7 44.0
2003 42.6 40.0 44.0 42.2
2004 45.8 42.4 47.5 44.9
2005 41.3 37.0 43.7 41.5
2006 42.8 39.3 44.6 42.4
2007 43.9 41.3 45.2 42.8
2008 43.5 39.9 45.5 42.5
2009 40.1 35.3 42.7 39.9
2010 39.4 35.3 41.7 38.6
2011 42.8 38.4 45.1 41.7
2012 42.6 37.2 45.4 41.5
2013 40.8 37.9 42.5 40.2
2014 41.3 38.9 42.7 40.8
2015 41.6 38.6 43.4 39.4
2016 42.6 39.6 44.4 40.5
2017 44.7 38.3 48.7 43.0
2018 46.5 40.1 50.7 45.9
2019 46.4 41.0 49.6 44.8
Mexico
1989 46.6 40.1 49.1 45.5
1992 46.7 39.6 49.7 45.8
1994 45.9 38.4 49.4 45.5
1996 45.6 38.4 49.4 44.9
1998 45.1 38.2 48.9 44.3
2000 45.2 38.9 48.6 44.0
2002 44.6 38.0 48.5 42.7
2004 46.0 40.5 49.3 44.2
2005 45.6 39.7 49.3 44.5
2006 45.1 38.7 49.3 43.7
2008 44.4 38.8 47.9 42.5
2010 45.9 40.0 49.4 44.5
2012 44.9 38.0 49.4 43.1
2014 45.1 38.6 49.2 42.9
New Methodology
2016 45.3 38.9 49.7 43.4
2018 45.3 39.0 49.7 42.8
2020 44.1 38.1 48.2 42.5
Nicaragua
1993 47.7 47.5 47.8 45.6
1998 47.6 45.7 48.5 47.0
2001 45.5 41.6 47.7 44.1
2005 46.2 42.9 48.0 45.0
2009 46.7 43.7 48.3 44.2
2014 43.7 38.9 46.6 42.6
Panama
1989 42.2 40.3 43.4 41.7
1991 42.2 40.2 43.4 42.0
1995 43.4 40.6 45.0 42.6
1997 43.5 40.9 45.0 42.6
1998 43.3 40.6 44.9 42.1
1999 43.3 40.4 45.0 42.0
2000 43.0 40.3 44.6 41.8
2001 42.4 40.1 43.5 40.2
2002 42.2 38.9 43.9 39.5
2003 42.2 39.3 43.7 39.3
2004 41.7 38.4 43.4 39.1
2005 40.8 37.4 42.8 37.5
2006 40.6 37.0 42.6 37.5
2007 40.7 37.1 42.8 37.5
2008 41.0 37.3 43.2 38.2
2009 40.6 36.7 42.9 38.0
2010 40.2 37.2 42.0 38.1
2011 41.6 38.7 43.4 38.9
2012 40.2 37.4 41.9 37.3
2013 40.2 36.7 42.3 37.5
2014 39.5 36.6 41.4 37.0
2015 39.7 37.1 41.5 37.1
2016 38.8 35.8 40.9 35.1
2017 38.4 35.6 40.3 35.5
2018 37.3 34.5 39.2 33.9
2019 37.4 34.4 39.4 32.7
2021 34.7 32.7 36.1 29.9
Paraguay
1995 39.9 33.2 44.5 40.4
1997 46.7 43.5 48.4 46.1
1999 46.2 43.0 48.1 44.4
2001 45.4 41.3 48.0 44.4
2002 47.2 43.4 49.4 45.9
2003 47.1 42.1 50.1 45.3
2004 46.5 41.8 49.4 44.5
2005 47.5 43.2 50.2 46.7
2006 48.0 44.6 50.1 47.8
2007 47.5 43.1 50.4 47.1
2008 48.2 43.5 51.0 46.6
2009 47.4 43.0 50.2 46.0
2010 47.0 42.2 50.0 45.8
2011 47.8 43.5 50.6 47.0
2012 45.0 40.5 48.2 43.3
2013 46.9 43.1 49.7 44.6
2014 46.0 41.3 49.1 45.2
2015 45.9 41.7 48.8 44.1
2016 45.5 41.5 48.2 44.4
2017 45.8 42.0 48.4 44.6
2018 44.5 40.5 47.2 42.9
2019 43.7 40.2 46.2 41.6
2020 43.3 39.1 46.2 42.2
2021 43.2 39.9 45.5 42.1
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 44.9 40.9 48.0 41.1
1998 41.6 37.0 45.3 35.4
1999 40.8 36.2 44.7 36.1
2000 43.3 40.1 45.9 36.8
ENAHO 2
2001 42.7 39.1 45.6 37.4
2002 43.2 39.3 46.3 37.8
2003 42.7 38.2 46.5 37.3
ENAHO 3
2003 42.8 38.7 46.3 37.4
2004 42.6 38.8 45.8 37.6
2005 42.2 38.2 45.7 37.2
2006 42.5 38.6 45.8 37.7
2007 42.9 38.8 46.5 37.7
2008 42.9 38.9 46.4 38.2
2009 42.3 38.3 45.8 37.0
2010 41.6 37.6 45.1 35.5
2011 41.5 37.4 45.1 35.6
2012 41.5 37.6 44.9 35.6
2013 41.4 37.5 44.8 34.8
2014 41.1 37.1 44.6 34.7
2015 41.7 37.8 45.1 35.1
2016 41.1 37.0 44.8 34.3
2017 41.3 37.3 44.8 34.6
2018 41.4 37.6 44.9 34.0
2019 41.4 37.8 44.8 33.9
2020 38.3 35.1 41.2 32.9
2021 40.7 37.2 43.8 34.9
Uruguay
Urban
1989 45.7 39.1 50.3 41.8
1992 45.0 38.2 49.6 41.7
1995 43.9 37.8 48.1 40.8
1996 43.3 37.6 47.3 40.4
1997 43.5 37.9 47.4 40.8
1998 43.7 37.9 47.7 40.6
2000 42.8 37.3 46.8 39.5
2001 42.6 37.8 46.3 38.9
2002 41.7 37.3 45.0 37.6
2003 41.1 37.1 44.2 36.4
2004 41.8 37.1 45.3 37.6
2005 41.5 36.9 45.1 37.3
2006 41.3 36.6 45.2 37.7
National
2006 42.0 36.8 45.9 38.3
2007 41.6 36.3 45.7 37.5
2008 42.0 37.1 46.0 37.2
2009 41.5 36.5 45.5 37.2
2010 41.3 36.5 45.2 37.3
2011 41.2 36.4 45.0 37.0
2012 40.8 36.5 44.4 37.1
2013 40.6 36.3 44.1 37.0
2014 40.5 36.2 44.0 36.8
2015 40.2 36.2 43.5 35.9
2016 39.6 35.8 42.8 35.3
2017 39.2 35.5 42.2 34.2
2018 38.9 35.2 41.9 33.9
2019 38.4 34.8 41.4 32.6
2020 38.3 34.8 41.1 32.0
New Methodology
2021-II 38.6 34.8 41.7 32.8
Venezuela
1989 42.3 39.1 43.6 42.0
1992 42.0 39.1 43.3 42.0
1995 42.4 39.2 43.9 41.9
1997 42.8 38.9 44.8 42.1
1998 41.9 38.0 44.0 41.2
1999 40.9 37.1 43.0 40.5
2000 41.2 36.7 43.6 40.5
2001 40.5 35.7 43.4 39.8
2002 39.7 35.1 42.4 38.8
2003 39.1 34.6 41.8 37.7
2004 41.1 36.8 43.8 40.6
2005 41.7 37.5 44.3 41.1
2006 41.3 37.7 43.4 40.4
Age Education Area

(25-64) (65 +) Low Mid High Rural
46.3 39.9 46.4 45.7 41.9

45.9 38.8 46.2 46.0 41.7
46.3 36.9 46.6 45.7 41.4
45.3 37.3 44.8 45.3 41.3
45.6 34.8 45.3 45.5 41.0
45.4 35.7 45.1 45.4 40.8

45.6 36.8 44.8 46.2 41.6
44.7 38.7 44.0 45.8 40.6
44.3 37.0 43.1 45.0 41.6
44.6 34.2 42.2 45.7 42.2
44.7 35.2 43.0 45.6 41.9
45.0 37.3 43.5 45.6 41.7
45.0 37.7 43.6 45.8 41.5

44.7 36.9 43.3 45.1 41.6
44.1 37.7 42.3 44.8 41.5
43.0 38.6 40.6 44.0 40.5
40.3 35.6 37.7 41.4 39.3
40.4 38.0 37.7 41.5 39.3
40.9 35.1 38.5 41.8 39.3

41.8 35.3 39.6 42.0 40.2
41.8 34.9 39.7 42.1 40.3
42.3 35.9 40.2 42.9 41.1
42.6 34.0 40.3 43.1 40.7
42.6 35.0 40.5 43.3 40.2
42.8 35.1 40.6 43.2 40.4
42.8 34.4 41.3 43.1 40.2
43.1 35.3 41.5 43.7 40.2
43.3 36.3 41.8 44.0 40.7
42.5 34.7 41.2 42.9 39.8
42.1 35.4 40.4 42.1 40.0
42.0 35.6 40.8 42.1 39.9
42.2 36.6 40.9 42.5 39.9
42.2 34.8 41.5 42.3 39.5
42.3 35.2 41.3 42.6 40.0
41.9 35.9 40.7 42.4 39.5
41.7 34.6 40.3 42.0 39.7
41.5 34.8 40.3 41.5 39.2
41.4 33.4 39.9 41.6 39.5
41.0 34.4 40.6 41.0 39.0
40.9 34.7 40.1 41.1 38.8
40.6 34.6 39.7 40.8 38.3
40.5 34.0 39.5 40.7 38.6
40.0 33.5 39.0 40.1 37.9

39.8 33.7 38.7 39.7 37.7
40.0 34.6 39.2 39.7 38.1
39.9 34.1 39.1 39.8 37.6
39.8 32.0 38.5 39.4 38.0
39.1 32.6 37.4 38.9 37.5
39.3 32.5 38.4 38.9 37.5
37.4 31.3 36.4 37.3 35.8
36.8 29.6 35.2 36.5 35.8
38.5 31.6 37.2 37.9 37.2
38.8 31.4 37.3 38.4 37.5
47.6 48.1 49.6 47.3 40.7

49.0 49.3 51.2 49.5 40.9
48.9 48.5 48.6 47.9 41.6
47.7 45.7 42.5 46.7 41.1 38.8

48.5 45.9 43.4 47.1 42.1 40.0
49.4 44.1 45.7 49.6 41.8 42.8
45.8 40.7 39.9 43.4 42.1 37.0
48.0 41.7 43.0 46.2 41.2 39.3
49.4 44.4 43.6 48.9 42.1 39.1
49.4 46.6 43.7 46.4 41.6 39.2
50.3 45.6 44.5 47.8 43.8 40.8
50.2 46.0 44.3 48.2 43.0 41.1
49.1 45.0 44.9 46.7 40.8 42.2
49.0 44.7 43.9 47.3 42.7 41.5
49.3 45.4 45.1 48.6 43.7 42.7
48.5 43.8 44.2 47.7 42.5 41.0
49.0 46.0 44.2 47.5 43.0 41.5
49.5 45.9 47.0 48.2 43.5 43.9
46.6 41.6 40.3 44.7 41.2 37.1
47.1 42.5 43.4 46.1 41.7 40.6
46.3 41.7 42.8 45.9 40.8 39.8
45.5 39.8 39.4 44.1 40.6 37.3
45.3 42.1 42.2 45.4 41.1 40.7
44.9 40.4 41.5 44.6 42.0 37.5
46.5 41.8 46.3 42.6 42.5 45.0

46.7 41.3 46.2 42.6 42.1 45.1
46.1 40.9 45.8 42.5 41.7 43.9
46.3 41.4 46.2 42.4 41.3 45.0
46.2 41.3 46.1 42.4 41.2 44.9
45.9 42.0 46.1 42.3 41.0 45.5
45.8 41.4 45.9 42.3 41.0 45.2
45.7 41.3 45.7 42.3 41.4 45.4
44.6 41.6 44.4 41.6 41.2 44.0
44.6 41.3 44.4 41.7 41.3 44.4
43.1 33.8 41.9 42.0 40.8 39.1

42.8 32.9 41.2 41.9 41.5 38.1
42.8 32.4 41.1 42.0 41.9 37.7
42.6 33.3 41.6 41.8 39.5 38.6
43.3 33.5 41.6 42.6 42.1 38.2
43.4 33.1 41.5 42.6 42.1 37.9
42.8 33.0 40.8 42.0 41.9 37.0
43.4 33.2 41.3 42.6 42.0 37.3
42.8 31.6 40.8 42.3 41.6 37.1
42.6 31.9 40.5 42.2 41.5 37.1
42.3 31.3 40.2 42.1 41.1 36.5
42.3 31.3 40.1 42.1 41.1 36.6

41.8 30.2 39.4 41.9 40.8 35.9
41.7 30.2 39.2 41.8 41.0 35.5
41.7 31.0 39.4 41.8 40.9 35.6
41.6 30.6 39.3 41.8 40.8 35.7
41.5 30.1 39.1 41.7 40.8 35.9
41.3 31.7 39.4 41.4 40.4 36.0
40.9 31.6 39.0 41.1 40.1 35.4
40.6 31.9 38.6 41.0 40.0 35.0
40.4 30.1 37.9 40.8 40.0 34.2
39.6 30.0 37.1 40.1 39.4 33.7
41.8 36.0 40.8 41.8 40.0 38.8

41.4 36.0 40.3 41.5 39.8 38.2
41.1 35.6 40.0 41.2 39.8 37.8
40.7 35.5 39.5 40.8 39.7 37.4
40.4 35.6 39.1 40.4 39.9 37.5
40.3 35.4 38.8 40.3 39.8 37.1
40.5 35.3 38.7 40.4 40.1 37.0
40.6 34.5 38.7 40.6 40.1 37.2
40.4 35.6 38.8 40.4 39.9 37.5
40.2 35.9 38.6 40.2 39.9 38.1
49.8 48.4 50.7 50.7 45.7 52.6

49.9 47.7 50.3 50.5 47.4 50.8
48.1 44.7 48.1 48.4 44.6 49.5
47.9 43.7 47.2 48.4 45.4 47.9
48.7 44.1 48.1 48.8 46.6 48.7
46.0 43.3 44.9 46.3 44.2 45.8
45.5 41.3 44.5 45.7 43.5 45.1
44.0 40.7 42.9 44.2 42.5 43.8
43.7 39.6 42.3 43.7 42.6 43.8
43.9 39.6 42.6 43.9 42.9 43.8
43.8 39.8 42.0 43.9 42.7 44.0
43.5 39.5 41.8 43.2 42.9 43.7
46.3 40.5 44.9 45.7 43.2 43.0
47.1 41.7 45.9 46.4 43.6 44.9
48.1 43.1 46.4 46.9 44.5 45.2
47.7 40.1 45.9 47.1 44.8 43.8
47.8 41.2 45.9 47.5 44.9 43.7
49.2 41.9 47.9 49.1 46.3 45.5

48.7 42.1 46.8 48.3 45.9 44.3
48.6 40.6 46.7 48.2 45.9 44.2
48.4 40.5 46.3 48.0 45.2 43.5
48.2 40.0 45.8 47.9 45.0 42.9
48.0 39.7 45.7 47.6 45.1 43.1
47.8 40.0 45.4 47.5 45.0 42.9
47.5 39.1 45.0 47.2 45.1 42.6
47.2 39.6 45.0 47.0 44.9 42.8
46.9 38.9 44.5 46.7 44.7 42.2
46.6 39.1 44.3 46.5 44.7 41.7
46.5 39.0 44.1 46.5 44.7 41.7
45.9 39.3 43.5 45.9 45.0 41.6
46.1 40.1 43.8 46.1 45.4 41.8
46.1 36.7 45.3 46.0 43.8 45.5

46.5 35.8 45.9 46.4 43.6 45.7
45.3 32.7 44.2 44.8 43.8 44.2
46.7 38.2 46.4 46.5 44.4 46.5
46.7 33.9 46.1 46.6 43.5 45.9
47.3 37.9 46.5 47.2 44.2 46.7
46.9 33.4 45.3 46.6 45.5 45.8
47.6 37.2 46.3 47.5 45.0 46.4
47.2 34.4 45.8 47.0 44.6 45.6
47.2 35.5 45.7 47.4 44.4 45.9
47.5 35.1 45.8 47.1 46.7 46.0
47.0 37.1 45.8 46.8 45.5 45.3
46.9 33.9 44.8 47.1 46.6 44.5
47.2 33.7 45.4 46.6 45.8 44.6
46.8 36.0 45.6 46.1 45.3 45.3
47.1 33.9 46.2 46.6 45.0 45.4
46.7 31.6 45.1 46.7 45.5 45.0
46.8 32.9 45.1 46.8 45.6 45.4
47.4 34.3 46.2 47.4 45.5 46.2
47.6 36.3 47.1 47.3 45.3 46.9
46.5 35.5 45.3 46.7 45.1 45.4
45.7 34.7 44.9 46.0 44.0 44.0

45.0 34.2 43.8 45.1 43.1 42.7
44.8 31.9 43.5 45.2 43.6 43.4
44.4 34.5 43.2 44.7 42.9 43.0
44.3 35.2 43.6 44.8 42.8 43.0
44.1 32.2 42.8 44.2 43.2 42.1
43.4 30.3 41.6 43.3 42.7 40.5
43.4 31.4 41.5 44.0 42.5 41.3
43.0 33.4 41.5 43.7 42.4 41.2
43.6 33.8 41.8 43.9 43.6 41.7
39.9 31.9 37.8 39.8 41.3 39.0
42.5 35.4 40.5 42.9 43.3 40.3
44.7 41.4 44.2 44.4 41.8 43.8

43.9 39.3 43.4 43.1 41.4 43.0
44.6 39.3 43.5 44.0 43.1 42.6

44.6 38.7 43.2 44.4 43.2 42.8
43.2 38.0 41.5 43.4 42.8 40.8
43.4 38.6 42.8 42.8 41.7 42.4
44.3 38.1 42.6 43.6 43.4 42.5
43.6 38.0 41.9 42.8 41.9 41.5
43.6 39.5 41.8 42.7 43.2 41.2
43.2 39.4 41.6 42.3 42.7 41.1
42.6 38.4 41.3 41.9 41.7 40.9

43.3 37.4 42.2 43.1 42.1 41.8
42.4 37.8 41.1 41.6 41.3 40.7
41.9 35.9 40.6 41.0 41.3 40.1
43.0 36.3 41.5 42.4 42.3 41.2
42.8 35.1 41.6 42.5 41.8 41.1
43.2 39.5 42.3 42.7 42.7 42.2
43.5 38.2 42.4 43.3 43.1 42.7
43.4 40.8 42.1 43.3 43.9 42.1
43.0 37.0 42.3 43.3 41.3 41.8

41.9 36.2 41.5 42.2 39.5 40.9
42.2 37.1 41.5 42.6 40.7 41.3
41.9 35.7 41.0 42.6 39.7 41.7
40.8 34.7 40.2 41.4 39.4 41.0
41.6 33.5 41.1 42.4 38.6 41.4
43.9 37.9 39.7 43.7 43.2 36.2

46.2 37.2 44.3 46.9 44.3 42.5
47.0 38.0 44.9 50.3 46.7 42.5
44.2 35.9 42.4 44.9 44.5 41.6
43.9 34.2 41.6 45.4 43.3 40.3
44.3 37.9 41.3 44.5 43.2 39.2

43.9 36.6 39.3 44.2 43.6 36.7
44.0 36.0 40.0 44.5 43.7 37.7
44.2 35.0 39.2 43.2 43.5 36.4
43.5 35.3 39.5 43.4 43.3 36.7
44.2 37.7 40.6 44.1 43.8 38.5
43.6 36.4 40.4 43.3 42.5 38.1
43.1 36.4 40.5 43.3 42.4 38.5
42.3 36.4 39.8 42.2 42.2 38.1
42.0 35.7 39.2 41.6 41.6 37.5
41.9 36.0 39.2 41.8 41.6 37.3
40.9 33.6 38.1 40.6 41.0 36.6
40.5 33.1 37.0 39.8 40.7 35.5
39.8 32.1 35.9 38.5 40.0 34.4
40.0 31.8 35.9 38.9 40.1 34.5
39.5 32.0 35.4 38.3 39.7 33.4
39.6 31.3 34.8 38.1 39.9 33.1
37.0 28.4 32.1 36.0 38.5 31.2
38.1 27.3 32.0 36.6 39.3 30.2
46.4 41.5 45.3 47.2 42.9 43.4
46.1 42.2 43.8 46.4 42.9 41.7
46.1 40.8 44.2 47.2 43.1 42.6
46.4 43.7 44.8 47.0 43.2 43.2
46.4 41.5 44.7 47.2 43.6 43.6
45.3 39.3 42.8 46.3 42.7 41.6
45.9 42.0 43.5 47.1 43.3 42.6
45.9 40.4 42.9 47.4 43.4 41.2
45.6 39.7 43.0 46.3 42.4 41.5
44.9 38.6 41.9 45.6 42.7 40.5
44.3 38.7 41.4 45.4 42.2 40.0
44.6 39.4 41.7 45.8 41.7 40.4
44.1 38.0 40.9 44.6 41.8 39.7
44.5 39.3 41.3 45.3 42.1 40.1
44.6 39.8 41.5 45.6 42.4 40.5
44.6 40.3 41.6 45.2 42.7 40.6
44.6 39.8 41.6 45.4 42.6 40.6
44.6 40.5 41.8 45.2 41.9 41.0
44.6 40.0 42.1 45.3 42.1 41.5
45.1 39.6 43.0 46.0 42.0 42.4
45.4 42.2 43.2 46.0 42.7 43.0
45.5 41.2 43.4 46.4 43.3 43.2
48.8 43.8 46.0 48.6 46.4 44.0

45.8 38.5 41.8 44.8 43.9 40.6
47.4 40.0 43.9 46.3 43.1 42.9
47.1 39.5 45.1 46.7 44.1 44.6
47.3 38.9 43.2 42.7 44.4 41.8

46.7 40.0 44.1 46.0 43.6 43.4
45.2 40.2 42.7 43.4 42.4 41.9
47.5 43.9 47.4 45.4 44.4 46.2

47.2 41.5 46.8 44.9 44.8 44.9
47.8 43.6 47.4 45.9 47.3 45.8
47.3 43.2 46.9 45.5 44.8 45.3
46.2 41.7 45.4 45.1 43.9 43.5
44.8 37.4 44.0 44.3 44.3 41.6
45.3 36.7 44.5 44.8 45.2 42.6
44.6 36.7 43.2 44.4 45.2 40.5
43.7 36.4 41.9 44.6 45.3 39.0
44.9 37.6 43.2 43.9 44.5 41.0

46.0 40.3 43.5 45.0 45.6 42.0
44.1 37.8 42.1 44.4 44.9 40.1
47.7 43.3 45.6 46.5 45.5 44.3
43.0 35.1 40.6 43.5 44.3 38.5
44.4 37.5 42.3 44.3 44.5 40.0
46.0 39.1 43.5 45.1 44.5 41.6
45.7 39.4 43.1 44.8 44.1 41.2
42.3 33.4 39.3 42.2 42.7 37.8
41.5 34.7 38.6 41.2 42.4 37.0
44.7 39.0 42.4 43.4 44.1 41.7
44.7 37.7 42.3 43.1 43.8 41.1
43.0 34.4 39.9 42.7 44.0 38.7
43.6 33.3 39.9 44.4 44.2 37.1
44.4 37.5 40.5 43.9 43.8 38.9
45.2 36.7 41.9 43.9 43.5 39.7
47.4 38.1 45.0 44.3 43.4 44.1
48.5 42.6 46.8 46.4 43.6 46.1
48.6 43.1 46.9 46.4 42.3 46.3
47.4 44.5 47.9 44.5 44.6 48.5

47.5 44.0 47.6 46.0 44.1 47.5
46.8 42.2 46.3 45.5 44.7 45.1
46.5 40.8 45.5 46.0 44.5 45.4
46.2 41.9 44.9 46.3 43.0 43.8
46.2 41.3 45.2 46.5 41.9 43.5
46.0 39.6 44.0 45.7 43.8 42.5
47.0 43.7 45.7 47.1 44.1 44.7
46.7 40.2 44.9 46.8 44.8 43.7
46.4 37.5 43.7 46.7 44.4 42.7
45.8 38.5 43.6 45.5 43.9 42.6
46.8 41.5 45.1 47.1 44.7 44.6
46.3 38.3 43.0 46.3 45.1 41.3
46.6 38.3 43.2 46.7 44.3 42.5
46.7 38.2 43.4 46.8 44.7 42.7

46.9 37.9 43.5 46.7 44.6 42.8
45.4 37.0 42.4 45.5 42.9 42.3
49.5 48.2 47.7 48.1 46.4 45.4

49.9 44.9 47.7 47.7 45.4 46.6
48.8 40.1 45.4 46.1 45.7 43.7
48.8 42.3 45.9 47.2 46.7 44.5
48.5 45.3 46.6 46.8 47.0 45.5
45.2 37.9 43.1 44.5 44.9 41.5
42.4 40.1 42.5 42.1 41.7 41.7

42.3 38.5 42.2 42.4 41.7 41.8
43.9 37.7 43.2 43.8 43.2 42.3
43.9 38.4 42.7 44.1 43.8 42.6
44.0 35.6 42.7 43.9 43.4 42.1
43.9 37.8 42.4 44.0 43.4 41.8
43.5 38.5 42.2 43.6 43.0 42.1
43.4 36.6 40.9 43.9 43.3 40.2
43.3 36.0 40.6 43.5 43.6 39.9
43.4 34.7 40.2 43.7 43.7 39.6
42.9 34.9 39.9 43.0 43.0 39.2
42.4 33.4 37.9 43.0 43.3 37.0
42.2 32.2 37.5 42.7 43.1 36.5
42.3 32.4 37.8 42.6 42.8 36.8
42.7 33.2 37.5 42.9 43.7 36.8
42.2 31.6 37.1 42.4 43.1 36.6
41.7 29.9 36.4 42.3 42.9 35.7
43.0 32.0 38.1 43.6 43.4 37.2
41.8 30.1 35.9 42.3 42.4 34.9
42.0 30.2 35.1 42.6 43.3 34.2
41.1 30.0 34.5 41.8 42.3 33.4
41.4 29.1 34.7 41.8 42.8 33.7
40.7 28.8 33.2 40.9 42.5 31.6
40.2 28.2 32.8 40.5 41.8 31.5
39.4 27.3 31.2 39.4 41.3 30.9
39.6 27.6 31.9 38.7 41.3 30.8
36.6 27.6 28.9 35.9 38.4 28.9
43.5 31.4 38.2 45.7 43.6 35.2

48.6 39.1 46.0 49.1 45.6 43.8
48.1 39.8 45.7 48.3 44.1 43.5
47.5 37.3 44.7 47.9 44.0 42.6
49.2 41.3 47.0 49.0 43.6 45.0
49.2 41.2 46.9 48.7 44.4 45.4
48.9 41.2 45.7 48.5 46.2 43.8
49.4 36.9 46.3 50.7 45.6 44.7
49.2 41.0 47.4 50.8 44.3 45.1
49.2 38.3 45.9 51.2 46.5 43.8
50.1 39.4 47.3 50.6 46.5 45.3
49.7 38.3 46.0 50.3 46.4 44.1
48.8 38.9 46.0 49.8 44.5 44.3
49.1 39.2 46.7 50.6 45.6 45.2
47.0 35.3 42.9 48.2 45.0 41.5
48.8 37.7 45.9 49.0 45.7 44.9
47.2 40.3 44.4 48.9 44.6 43.1
47.3 38.2 44.9 48.1 44.1 43.6
46.9 35.2 43.9 48.3 44.3 42.6
47.1 37.1 44.1 48.4 44.8 42.4
46.0 34.9 43.2 46.7 43.5 41.9
45.4 33.2 41.0 46.2 44.3 40.9
44.6 31.8 41.4 45.1 43.6 40.7
44.6 32.3 41.1 45.5 43.3 40.2
47.0 39.3 42.8 48.1 46.0 40.4

45.1 36.2 38.7 44.2 45.2 36.2
43.9 34.4 38.3 43.1 44.1 35.4
46.9 36.7 40.5 46.8 44.2 37.7
45.6 37.8 40.2 45.4 44.3 37.4

46.1 37.1 40.8 45.7 44.1 37.9
45.9 35.2 39.5 45.8 45.7 36.4
45.9 35.6 40.0 45.5 45.0 37.3

45.6 35.6 40.3 45.0 44.0 37.3
45.3 34.6 39.1 45.3 44.6 36.7
45.5 35.1 39.4 45.2 44.5 36.7
46.0 35.0 39.9 45.2 44.8 37.0
45.8 36.0 40.1 45.2 44.3 37.1
45.3 35.2 39.7 44.3 43.5 36.6
44.8 34.5 38.9 43.3 43.4 36.1
44.7 34.5 38.5 43.5 43.4 35.6
44.6 34.6 38.4 43.5 43.0 35.5
44.8 34.1 38.2 43.5 43.1 35.4
44.2 34.2 38.1 43.0 42.8 34.9
44.7 34.9 38.5 44.0 42.9 35.6
44.1 33.9 38.0 43.0 43.0 34.9
44.2 34.4 38.1 43.3 42.7 34.7
44.6 34.4 38.1 43.4 42.9 34.8
44.6 34.6 38.2 43.3 42.8 35.4
40.8 32.5 35.7 39.6 40.4 33.9
43.3 33.7 37.7 42.1 42.6 35.9
46.9 38.0 46.1 46.5 44.0

46.1 38.9 46.1 45.1 38.8
45.1 39.4 44.7 44.4 38.7
44.3 39.1 44.0 43.9 38.3
44.5 38.2 44.1 44.3 38.4
44.7 38.4 44.1 44.5 39.4
43.8 37.7 42.8 44.1 38.6
43.6 36.8 42.2 43.4 41.9
42.6 35.8 41.2 42.6 40.6
42.0 36.6 40.4 42.0 40.6
42.8 35.4 41.2 42.6 41.0
42.5 35.6 40.6 42.6 40.7
42.4 33.0 40.3 42.9 39.9
43.0 34.6 41.7 43.1 39.9 48.4

42.8 33.4 40.9 42.9 40.1 46.7
43.5 32.7 41.0 42.8 42.6 46.4
42.9 32.2 41.0 42.5 40.2 45.7
42.7 31.5 40.7 42.5 39.9 45.2
42.5 32.1 40.9 42.4 39.4 44.1
42.0 32.0 40.3 41.9 39.5 43.6
41.8 32.0 40.0 41.9 39.3 43.8
41.7 31.3 39.8 41.7 39.5 43.4
41.5 31.4 39.5 41.4 39.4 43.4
40.8 30.6 38.6 40.8 39.0 42.3
40.4 30.4 38.1 40.3 38.7 41.8
40.1 30.5 37.5 40.0 38.9 41.8
39.6 30.8 37.0 39.5 38.3 41.3
39.3 30.4 37.1 38.9 38.6 41.6
39.6 31.9 37.6 39.4 38.3 42.4
42.5 41.4 42.8 41.9 40.4 42.4

42.1 40.6 42.4 41.8 40.2 41.8
42.7 40.7 42.7 42.5 41.0 42.4
43.1 40.4 43.1 43.0 41.0 42.8
42.2 40.7 41.9 42.2 40.8 41.7
41.2 38.9 41.0 41.4 39.5 40.7
41.5 38.3 41.3 41.6 39.8 41.2
41.1 36.0 39.9 41.7 40.1 40.4
40.2 36.3 39.0 40.9 39.4 39.4
39.8 34.8 38.4 40.1 38.8 38.7
41.6 37.5 41.0 42.0 39.9
42.1 38.3 41.5 42.3 40.8
41.8 38.6 41.0 42.2 40.2
Area
Urban
45.3
45.2
45.3
44.3
44.5
44.3
44.6
44.0
43.5
43.6
43.8
43.9
44.0
43.6
43.1
41.9
39.5
39.6
40.0
40.7
40.8
41.5
41.5
41.5
41.6
41.7
42.1
42.4
41.5
41.0
41.1
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.0
40.9
40.5
40.5
40.3
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.1
38.9
39.1
38.9
38.8
38.1
38.3
36.6
36.0
37.5
37.9
47.2
48.3
47.0
47.0
47.5
48.7
44.3
47.1
49.4
48.2
48.8
48.3
46.3
46.8
47.9
47.4
47.4
48.4
45.0
46.0
45.6
43.8
44.4
45.6
45.8
45.7
45.6
45.6
45.5
45.0
44.9
44.7
43.6
43.5
42.8
42.5
42.5
42.4
42.9
43.0
42.5
42.8
42.2
42.0
41.9
41.9
41.5
41.4
41.5
41.4
41.2
41.1
40.9
40.6
40.3
39.6
41.4
41.1
40.9
40.5
40.2
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.1
39.9
49.3
49.5
47.3
47.4
48.1
45.4
44.9
43.5
43.1
43.3
43.0
42.8
45.7
46.1
46.7
46.9
47.1
48.7
48.1
48.0
47.7
47.5
47.2
47.0
46.9
46.6
46.4
46.3
46.2
45.8
46.1
45.1
46.0
44.6
45.9
46.1
46.2
45.5
46.7
46.5
46.1
46.7
46.8
46.5
46.7
46.0
46.6
46.1
45.8
46.6
46.7
45.9
45.5
44.6
44.4
43.9
44.1
43.8
43.0
43.0
42.9
43.4
39.6
42.7
44.0
43.2
44.1
43.9
43.0
42.8
43.3
42.4
42.8
42.4
41.9
42.7
41.5
41.1
42.2
42.2
42.6
42.9
43.2
42.7
41.5
41.9
41.4
40.4
41.1
45.2
46.2
49.2
44.3
44.1
44.4
44.0
44.2
43.8
43.9
44.2
43.6
43.4
42.5
42.0
42.2
41.0
40.4
39.4
39.6
39.3
39.3
36.6
38.0
46.8
46.1
46.4
46.4
46.3
45.2
45.8
46.0
45.2
44.6
44.3
44.6
43.7
44.3
44.6
44.4
44.6
44.5
44.5
45.0
45.0
45.5
49.1
44.2
45.8
46.3
45.5
45.8
43.7
48.2
48.2
48.8
48.1
47.3
46.6
46.7
46.3
45.8
45.7
45.8
45.1
47.4
44.1
45.7
46.4
46.0
42.6
42.2
44.0
44.3
43.2
45.1
44.0
45.0
45.3
46.8
46.4
45.6
46.5
46.1
45.6
45.6
45.7
45.3
46.4
46.1
45.7
44.9
46.2
45.9
45.8
46.1
46.1
44.7
49.5
48.4
46.8
47.6
47.5
45.3
42.4
42.4
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.9
43.4
43.7
43.5
43.6
43.0
43.0
42.8
42.8
43.2
42.7
42.6
43.6
42.6
42.9
42.2
42.4
42.0
41.3
40.1
40.2
37.2
44.9
48.8
48.4
47.8
49.2
48.5
48.7
49.8
50.3
50.4
50.2
49.9
48.9
49.6
47.4
48.3
47.9
47.4
47.3
47.8
46.0
45.3
44.9
45.0
47.4
44.8
44.1
46.8
45.6
45.9
45.9
45.7
45.5
45.3
45.3
45.6
45.5
44.7
43.8
43.9
43.8
43.7
43.5
44.0
43.4
43.6
43.7
43.4
40.1
42.3
45.7
45.0
43.9
43.3
43.5
43.7
42.8
42.6
41.7
41.1
41.8
41.5
41.3
41.5
41.2
41.6
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.6
40.4
40.3
40.0
39.5
39.0
38.7
38.2
38.1
38.3
41.9
42.7
42.6
42.5
42.7
41.9
41.2
42.8
41.5
39.5
Hours of work
A firm is considered small when it employs less than 5 workers; it's considered large when there are 5 or more employees
Type of work
Entrepreneurs Wage earners Self-employed Zero-income
Argentina
1986 54.2 44.9 45.5 37.8
1987 55.9 44.8 44.6 42.7
1988 56.6 45.0 44.7 32.1
1991 54.9 44.2 43.3 36.0
1992 55.5 44.0 43.5 46.1
15 main cities
1992 55.5 43.6 44.2 45.2
1993 57.4 44.5 44.3 41.8
1994 57.7 43.9 43.8 38.1
1995 56.0 43.0 42.9 40.9
1996 56.1 43.1 43.7 36.4
1997 57.6 43.5 42.6 39.1
1998 58.4 43.6 42.6 39.5
28 main cities
1998 57.8 43.5 43.5 40.4
1999 56.0 43.3 42.6 42.1
2000 57.2 42.9 41.4 40.3
2001 56.1 41.8 39.7 41.2
2002 54.2 39.0 39.3 36.3
2003 54.8 39.3 38.4 38.7
EPHC
2003-II 53.1 39.5 39.9 31.0
2004-I 53.3 40.3 40.4 29.6
2004-II 53.8 40.2 40.8 33.1
2005-I 53.4 41.1 41.0 35.5
2005-II 52.7 41.0 41.9 31.4
2006-I 52.8 41.1 41.5 30.9
2006-II 51.4 41.3 41.4 31.0
2007-I 51.8 41.4 41.4 30.6
2007-II 52.6 41.6 42.5 29.1
2008-I 52.1 41.8 43.1 31.0
2008-II 50.9 41.1 41.2 28.8
2009-I 50.6 40.8 39.9 31.9
2009-II 50.2 40.7 41.0 28.2
2010-I 49.8 41.0 40.5 29.5
2010-II 49.1 41.0 40.5 35.4
2011-I 50.2 41.3 40.2 31.7
2011-II 50.0 40.8 40.0 31.1
2012-I 49.5 40.6 40.4 35.6
2012-II 49.2 40.2 39.6 31.6
2013-I 49.3 40.5 38.9 29.4
2013-II 47.3 40.1 39.9 27.1
2014-I 47.8 40.1 39.3 28.4
2014-II 48.3 39.8 38.3 29.8
2015-I 47.8 39.8 38.5 28.4
2016-II 46.7 39.2 37.9 29.2

2017-I 46.2 39.1 37.2 25.2
2017-II 46.4 39.1 38.2 25.2
2018-I 46.4 38.9 37.8 28.6
2018-II 47.3 38.6 38.0 32.2
2019-I 45.9 38.3 36.4 25.6
2019-II 45.8 38.5 36.9 23.9
2020-I 43.7 37.1 34.2 25.9
2020-II 43.2 37.0 32.9 23.9
2021-I 45.1 38.4 34.4 24.3
2021-II 45.3 38.4 35.5 25.2
Bolivia
Urban
1992 53.0 48.1 47.0 36.5
1993 52.8 49.2 49.1 35.8
1997 52.9 48.3 48.6 30.4
National
1997 53.0 48.2 49.0 31.6
1999 52.2 48.6 48.3 33.0
2000 57.1 49.5 49.0 37.3
2001 51.4 48.3 44.6 29.2
2002 50.0 49.6 46.8 32.9
2005 55.1 49.4 48.1 33.2
2006 50.6 48.7 49.3 32.3
2007 53.8 48.5 50.4 33.2
2008 52.4 48.7 50.7 32.3
2009 53.1 46.4 49.6 33.2
2011 50.5 47.2 49.6 33.2
2012 53.8 46.7 49.8 34.5
2013 52.1 45.8 49.7 33.3
2014 51.5 47.1 50.0 33.1
2015 52.1 47.3 51.0 34.7
2016 51.8 43.5 47.7 27.2
2017 50.3 44.8 48.5 30.9
2018 49.3 44.4 47.4 30.9
2019 50.0 43.2 46.1 27.3
2020 50.3 44.0 45.9 34.4
2021 49.3 44.7 45.5 28.1
Brazil
1981 52.4 46.2 45.0 40.9
1982 52.8 46.5 44.8 39.1
1983 52.9 45.5 45.2 39.7
1984 52.2 46.2 44.8 39.3
1985 52.6 46.1 44.9 38.8
1986 52.0 45.6 44.7 40.0
1987 52.0 45.5 44.3 39.6
1988 53.0 45.1 44.8 39.3
1989 51.5 43.9 44.0 38.2
1990 51.4 43.9 43.8 38.3
New PNAD
1992 52.3 44.0 44.3 28.5
1993 51.9 43.6 43.8 27.4
1995 51.4 43.7 43.5 26.7
1996 50.1 43.2 43.4 28.6
1997 52.1 43.7 44.3 26.4
1998 51.8 43.7 44.3 26.3
1999 51.7 43.3 43.5 25.4
2001 51.5 43.4 43.7 25.8
2002 50.8 43.2 42.8 24.9
2003 50.8 43.0 42.6 24.9
2004 50.2 42.7 41.9 24.8
With Rural North
2004 50.1 42.7 41.9 24.9
2005 50.0 42.5 41.1 23.9
2006 49.9 42.4 40.7 23.7
2007 49.8 42.3 40.9 24.5
2008 48.8 42.2 40.4 24.3
2009 48.8 41.9 40.1 24.7
2011 48.1 41.5 40.7 25.6
2012 47.5 41.2 40.2 24.8
2013 47.5 40.9 39.7 24.3
2014 47.9 40.7 39.3 23.4
2015 47.2 40.0 38.3 22.0
PNADC
2012 49.1 41.4 40.0 29.8
2013 48.2 41.1 39.6 30.2
2014 47.8 40.8 39.4 29.7
2015 47.3 40.6 38.4 29.8
2016 46.4 40.4 38.0 30.3
2017 46.9 40.2 37.8 29.3
2018 47.0 40.4 37.7 29.4
2019 47.4 40.4 38.0 29.3
2020 47.0 40.3 38.0 29.4
2021 46.4 40.2 38.0 30.6
Chile
1990 56.0 49.9 48.9 53.2
1992 55.7 49.8 48.4 51.3
1996 53.7 47.2 47.8 49.6
1998 51.9 47.8 45.4 45.4
2000 52.7 48.6 45.6 43.8
2003 50.9 45.8 43.2 41.3
2006 49.9 45.3 42.9 40.1
2009 47.5 43.8 41.6 39.7
2011 46.1 43.9 39.7 46.9
2013 47.8 44.3 38.9 43.0
2015 46.7 44.0 39.2 40.9
2017 47.4 43.8 39.1 42.5
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 53.8 48.6 41.4 32.8
2002 54.0 48.5 43.5 30.3
2003 53.7 48.9 44.8 31.5
2004 54.6 48.9 43.8 30.1
2005 53.6 49.1 43.5 32.0
GEIH-National
2008 54.3 50.2 46.0 34.6
2009 53.4 49.7 45.6 31.9
2010 54.0 50.1 45.1 31.3
2011 53.9 50.1 44.8 28.0
2012 54.3 49.9 44.2 27.5
2013 54.4 49.8 44.0 26.9
2014 54.5 49.4 43.9 27.1
2015 53.3 49.3 43.5 26.5
2016 53.8 49.0 43.4 26.8
2017 52.7 48.7 43.2 25.1
2018 52.1 48.6 42.9 25.7
2019 52.5 48.4 42.7 25.8
2020 52.2 47.9 42.5 25.9
2021 52.5 48.3 42.6 26.1
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 50.3 46.3 42.3 40.0
1990 51.6 47.0 42.6 37.4
1991 49.9 46.0 39.4 35.2
1992 51.4 47.5 41.9 38.4
1993 49.8 47.4 41.4 37.3
1994 52.4 47.5 42.0 36.6
1995 51.9 47.1 40.7 34.6
1996 52.4 47.4 42.9 36.9
1997 51.0 47.6 41.0 33.2
1998 50.9 47.5 40.3 36.3
1999 51.1 47.6 41.3 34.0
2000 51.5 47.2 41.7 36.9
2001 52.2 47.8 38.3 31.8
2002 52.3 47.9 39.0 33.3
2003 51.5 47.4 38.7 37.0
2004 51.1 48.2 38.8 33.6
2005 51.0 47.8 37.6 30.3
2006 50.3 47.7 38.3 33.1
2007 50.9 48.1 39.5 33.4
2008 50.9 48.4 39.7 37.0
2009 49.9 47.2 39.2 35.2
ENAHO
2010 51.1 46.6 39.9 26.4
2011 51.9 45.6 38.2 25.2
2012 47.1 45.8 38.2 29.1
2013 50.2 45.5 36.7 24.8
2014 51.1 45.4 36.9 26.9
2015 48.8 45.2 35.8 26.8
2016 49.3 44.4 34.2 20.8
2017 46.2 44.5 35.3 27.7
2018 47.1 44.3 34.8 26.9
2019 49.4 44.2 37.4 25.0
2020 45.6 41.4 31.3 26.1
2021 47.8 43.8 35.4 24.5
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 46.9 44.4 43.5 35.6
1997 47.3 44.4 41.7 33.9
ENFT 2
2000 51.1 44.9 41.8 29.7
2001 50.7 45.0 41.3 32.4
2002 49.2 44.1 39.8 28.4
2003 48.2 44.4 40.3 29.4
2004 50.4 44.8 40.4 26.2
2005 48.6 44.5 40.1 21.8
2006 48.3 44.5 40.3 23.1
2007 49.2 43.8 40.1 23.2
ENFT 4
2008 49.3 43.9 39.6 22.4
2009 45.9 44.4 40.2 29.6
2010 46.6 43.7 39.1 21.3
2011 46.9 43.0 38.5 26.3
2012 47.9 44.3 39.0 28.5
2013 45.6 43.9 39.4 26.1
2014 46.6 44.3 40.2 25.7
2015 48.3 44.4 40.6 28.3
2016 48.4 44.6 40.1 31.2
ECNFT
2016 49.3 44.2 40.0 30.8
2017 45.7 42.5 40.1 29.4
2018 46.6 43.3 39.7 30.8
2019 45.6 43.1 39.1 29.3
2020 42.9 42.4 38.5 29.1
2021 43.1 42.6 39.4 30.7
Ecuador
ECV
1994 51.9 45.0 41.7 27.6
1995 48.2 46.7 41.0
1998 48.4 48.9 42.1
1999 48.3 46.2 36.8
2006 47.6 46.6 35.6
ENEMDU
2003 47.5 44.9 41.2 32.6
2004 47.5 45.5 38.9 29.7
2005 48.3 45.1 39.7 30.7
2006 47.6 45.2 39.2 28.4
2007 47.9 44.8 39.1 30.2
2008 49.3 44.8 40.3 32.2
2009 48.3 44.3 39.9 33.3
2010 47.6 44.0 39.8 34.1
2011 47.1 43.1 39.5 32.7
2012 45.7 42.3 39.4 32.7
2013 46.6 42.5 39.4 31.0
2014 45.8 41.8 37.6 30.0
2015 45.2 41.6 36.9 27.8
2016 45.6 41.6 35.5 25.9
2017 46.0 41.4 36.3 26.4
2018 45.8 40.8 36.1 26.4
2019 44.8 40.5 36.3 27.4
2020 42.5 38.9 33.8 25.8
2021 45.2 40.9 33.2 23.3
El Salvador
2000 48.0 47.5 43.5 38.3
2001 47.7 46.7 43.5 33.9
2002 49.6 47.0 42.8 37.8
2003 50.3 47.0 43.3 37.7
2004 48.6 47.4 42.4 38.6
2005 47.9 47.0 40.6 33.9
2006 50.0 47.2 41.5 34.8
2007 50.3 47.1 41.4 33.4
2008 48.4 46.5 41.8 33.7
2009 47.6 46.0 40.4 34.4
2010 47.4 45.5 40.0 33.6
2011 48.4 45.9 40.6 33.1
2012 46.4 45.2 39.9 32.0
2013 48.1 45.8 40.3 31.8
2014 48.1 45.7 40.8 32.5
2015 46.2 45.4 41.4 32.2
2016 48.2 45.6 41.0 32.9
2017 49.0 45.5 40.8 32.8
2018 47.6 45.6 40.8 32.6
2019 48.2 46.2 41.4 34.6
2020 47.6 46.3 41.8 34.5
2021 47.8 46.4 42.4 34.7
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 54.0 52.1 43.6 36.3
2006 51.6 48.6 40.7 28.2
2011 53.9 49.0 43.4 30.3
2014 52.7 48.8 43.0 34.9
ENEI
2002 52.8 49.9 43.2 30.1
2003 48.9 49.6 42.0 35.8
2004 51.5 47.4 41.4 32.0
Honduras
DGEC
1991 49.5 48.5 45.5 42.5
1992 49.1 48.2 44.1 42.3
1993 51.3 49.4 44.3 40.8
1994 49.1 48.0 45.5 41.2
1995 47.5 47.3 43.8 39.1
1996 46.8 47.3 40.5 37.0
1997 46.3 48.1 40.2 39.3
1998 46.0 47.8 38.9 34.5
1999 47.8 47.0 37.4 32.7
INE
2001 46.1 46.6 41.4 34.3
2002 47.9 48.1 42.0 32.7
2003 45.0 46.6 39.6 31.9
2004 49.6 48.7 44.1 35.1
2005 43.3 47.0 36.6 29.9
2006 45.0 47.4 39.2 31.8
2007 46.2 47.1 42.4 31.6
2008 44.9 47.0 42.5 30.3
2009 42.3 45.5 36.5 26.7
2010 40.9 45.0 36.5 26.7
2011 45.8 46.5 40.8 32.8
2012 46.4 46.9 40.4 31.4
2013 41.6 46.4 38.0 28.7
2014 42.0 46.7 38.0 27.4
2015 44.5 46.8 39.5 27.5
2016 43.5 47.8 40.3 26.2
2017 49.1 49.2 42.6 28.7
2018 53.0 50.4 44.1 33.5
2019 52.6 49.5 45.1 33.1
Mexico
1989 51.3 46.6 47.3 43.1
1992 52.5 47.7 44.2 41.7
1994 52.2 47.6 43.3 37.1
1996 50.2 47.9 42.5 35.0
1998 51.3 47.5 42.1 34.7
2000 50.1 47.1 41.7 36.4
2002 51.8 46.9 40.8 33.2
2004 51.8 47.3 42.7 38.4
2005 51.7 47.3 41.8 36.5
2006 50.8 47.4 40.5 33.2
2008 48.2 45.9 38.8 32.3
2010 49.8 47.0 40.7 35.9
2012 47.0 47.4 36.8 31.7
2014 46.5 47.3 38.1 30.3
New Methodology
2016 47.0 47.5 37.7 31.4
2018 47.3 47.4 37.7 31.4
2020 45.8 46.5 35.9 30.9
Nicaragua
1993 64.1 49.2 48.2 40.2
1998 48.9 50.9 47.4 37.0
2001 50.1 50.8 43.3 33.0
2005 52.2 50.9 44.5 34.1
2009 52.0 50.2 45.3 37.8
2014 45.5 48.2 39.7 32.5
Panama
1989 51.9 43.0 38.0 40.4
1991 51.3 43.2 36.6 40.9
1995 52.6 44.5 38.0 41.6
1997 51.7 44.5 38.5 48.2
1998 54.1 44.6 37.0 49.7
1999 51.6 44.5 38.1 45.6
2000 51.9 44.1 38.5 39.5
2001 52.1 44.4 39.1 32.8
2002 53.1 44.5 37.8 33.5
2003 52.6 44.5 37.9 33.2
2004 50.1 44.3 36.8 32.5
2005 49.9 44.4 33.9 47.8
2006 49.2 44.2 34.9 26.1
2007 48.4 44.1 35.0 25.1
2008 50.9 44.6 35.0 22.3
2009 48.7 44.2 34.7 24.6
2010 47.9 43.8 33.8 24.0
2011 49.1 44.4 36.4 23.8
2012 47.1 43.8 33.4 22.4
2013 48.2 43.9 33.9 20.6
2014 44.6 43.5 32.6 19.6
2015 45.9 43.7 33.3 19.7
2016 45.3 43.4 31.9 18.5
2017 43.7 42.9 31.5 18.1
2018 43.4 42.7 29.7 16.4
2019 45.4 42.9 30.4 16.1
2021 40.9 40.7 26.9 15.8
Paraguay
1995 52.4 48.0 34.2 31.7
1997 54.1 48.7 45.7 38.0
1999 52.6 47.5 45.4 40.7
2001 51.7 47.9 43.5 39.8
2002 54.2 50.1 45.5 41.9
2003 53.2 49.7 45.2 41.9
2004 56.1 50.4 43.4 40.0
2005 57.1 50.4 44.6 41.8
2006 56.3 50.8 45.1 43.4
2007 54.8 50.5 44.3 41.3
2008 53.4 50.1 46.2 42.7
2009 54.0 50.1 44.7 41.6
2010 52.3 49.6 44.3 39.7
2011 55.4 49.8 44.8 42.6
2012 52.3 48.5 40.9 36.3
2013 52.8 48.9 44.3 39.1
2014 53.2 48.5 42.0 37.4
2015 52.3 47.4 44.7 37.0
2016 51.8 48.0 42.3 37.8
2017 52.4 47.9 43.3 37.0
2018 52.2 46.6 42.1 33.7
2019 51.4 46.4 39.8 34.8
2020 49.6 46.4 39.8 33.7
2021 50.9 46.0 40.2 32.7
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 50.8 48.1 44.1 36.2
1998 51.2 47.8 42.1 27.1
1999 50.7 46.9 41.8 25.8
2000 51.7 48.1 44.9 30.1
ENAHO 2
2001 48.2 48.0 44.0 28.9
2002 47.8 48.1 45.2 29.4
2003 48.4 49.2 44.7 28.4
ENAHO 3
2003 48.6 48.8 44.5 29.2
2004 49.6 48.3 44.5 29.3
2005 49.1 48.6 43.7 28.0
2006 50.5 48.1 43.9 28.0
2007 50.1 48.3 43.8 27.8
2008 50.2 48.1 43.8 27.7
2009 50.0 47.5 43.1 27.2
2010 49.3 47.0 42.1 25.9
2011 49.2 46.8 42.2 26.1
2012 50.0 46.2 42.3 25.7
2013 49.7 46.1 42.3 25.3
2014 49.0 45.6 42.2 25.4
2015 50.3 45.9 42.7 26.0
2016 48.5 45.6 42.1 24.9
2017 49.8 45.7 41.9 25.2
2018 50.2 45.8 42.5 24.5
2019 49.3 45.6 42.6 25.2
2020 48.3 43.6 38.9 25.5
2021 49.0 45.7 41.2 25.7
Uruguay
Urban
1989 58.8 45.4 44.1 39.9
1992 57.3 44.3 44.9 41.7
1995 55.8 43.3 43.7 41.6
1996 54.1 42.8 43.0 38.5
1997 55.2 43.1 42.6 41.8
1998 54.8 43.3 42.8 40.1
2000 55.0 42.7 41.2 40.4
2001 54.6 43.1 39.4 37.5
2002 53.3 42.5 38.0 37.3
2003 52.5 42.1 36.9 36.2
2004 52.3 42.5 38.5 38.1
2005 52.4 42.2 37.7 36.0
2006 50.9 42.5 36.3 34.3
National
2006 51.7 42.9 37.5 37.5
2007 52.0 42.7 36.8 33.3
2008 52.1 43.4 36.4 28.8
2009 51.3 42.7 36.5 29.7
2010 50.8 42.7 35.7 26.8
2011 50.3 42.3 36.2 28.0
2012 49.4 41.9 35.8 29.3
2013 48.6 41.8 35.5 28.3
2014 49.3 41.7 35.4 28.6
2015 48.7 41.5 35.2 27.7
2016 48.4 41.0 34.3 27.2
2017 48.1 40.5 33.8 29.5
2018 48.4 40.3 33.6 26.7
2019 47.6 40.0 32.6 27.2
2020 47.5 39.9 32.5 29.8
New Methodology
2021-II 47.8 39.7 34.6 28.1
Venezuela
1989 46.2 42.5 40.8 39.1
1992 45.2 42.3 40.4 38.1
1995 46.3 42.8 41.0
1997 48.3 43.2 41.0
1998 47.2 42.7 39.7
1999 46.9 42.2 37.9
2000 46.9 42.8 37.9
2001 46.2 43.0 35.4
2002 45.6 42.3 34.6
2003 44.4 41.8 34.3
2004 45.8 43.0 37.8
2005 46.8 43.4 38.3
2006 46.3 42.9 38.5 30.7
re are 5 or more employees; within public sector we include the government and public firms
Formal workers Informal workers

Salaried workers Self-employed Salaried Self-employed
Entrepreneurs Large firms Public sector professionals Small firms Unskilled
54.2 41.0 46.0

55.9 45.5 38.9 43.3 45.3
56.6 45.6 38.3 43.5 45.5
54.9 43.0 43.3
55.5 45.6 40.5 37.3 42.5 44.1
55.5 45.6 40.5 39.2 42.5 44.8

57.4 46.1 41.6 42.8 42.5 44.4
57.7 46.0 40.3 41.7 41.1 44.1
56.0 46.6 38.7 40.9 39.7 43.2
56.1 46.8 39.6 43.3 40.0 43.7
57.6 47.1 39.1 41.5 40.5 42.8
58.4 47.3 39.4 41.4 40.6 42.8
57.8 47.4 39.1 42.0 40.6 43.8

56.0 47.2 38.2 42.3 41.1 42.6
57.2 47.0 38.1 41.5 40.6 41.4
56.1 46.3 37.4 40.5 38.9 39.6
54.2 44.9 32.6 40.0 38.1 39.2
54.8 45.4 32.1 39.3 38.5 38.2
53.1 45.4 33.1 37.3 37.3 40.3

53.3 45.5 34.2 40.0 38.0 40.5
53.8 45.4 35.2 39.2 36.9 41.1
53.4 46.1 35.2 41.5 38.2 41.0
52.7 45.4 36.8 41.4 37.0 41.9
52.8 45.7 36.2 39.0 37.4 42.0
51.4 45.7 37.1 40.1 37.2 41.7
51.8 45.8 37.4 38.3 37.0 42.0
52.6 45.3 38.4 39.1 36.7 43.2
52.1 45.9 38.1 40.2 37.1 43.6
50.9 44.8 38.6 38.6 36.7 41.7
50.6 44.7 38.6 39.5 36.0 39.9
50.2 44.2 38.6 39.9 36.6 41.2
49.8 45.0 38.6 38.0 36.1 41.1
49.1 44.8 38.0 38.1 36.7 41.0
50.2 44.9 38.6 38.9 36.9 40.5
50.0 44.6 37.6 38.6 36.3 40.3
49.5 44.3 37.8 39.2 35.7 40.6
49.2 44.0 38.1 38.1 35.4 39.9
49.3 44.5 38.3 38.1 35.5 39.0
47.3 43.8 37.8 38.3 35.8 40.3
47.8 43.7 38.1 38.7 35.4 39.4
48.3 43.3 37.6 37.6 35.4 38.5
47.8 43.8 37.8 37.6 34.4 38.7
46.7 43.2 37.3 36.6 33.7 38.2

46.2 42.8 37.4 35.2 34.0 37.6
46.4 42.7 37.4 37.3 33.7 38.3
46.4 42.7 37.2 35.5 33.9 38.3
47.3 42.5 37.4 36.5 33.1 38.4
45.9 41.9 37.0 35.0 33.0 36.8
45.8 42.5 36.8 35.6 33.2 37.2
43.7 40.2 36.7 32.6 32.2 34.6
43.2 40.9 35.6 31.7 31.6 33.2
45.1 42.2 37.3 33.6 32.7 34.6
45.3 41.9 36.8 34.5 33.2 35.8
53.0 50.2 41.2 44.7 51.5 47.2

52.8 49.5 39.8 47.9 53.6 49.2
52.9 48.8 40.0 43.5 52.2 48.9
53.0 49.1 39.2 43.9 52.2 49.2

52.2 49.9 40.3 44.3 52.1 48.5
57.1 50.6 42.6 46.3 49.5 49.1
51.4 50.9 42.3 40.9 47.8 44.8
50.0 52.9 41.3 41.0 50.3 47.1
55.1 52.2 39.0 47.1 52.1 48.2
50.6 51.1 41.4 41.8 50.2 49.6
53.8 50.9 41.8 44.0 50.7 50.6
52.4 49.8 43.0 45.9 51.2 51.0
53.1 49.4 39.5 38.9 47.4 50.2
50.5 49.8 41.1 45.1 49.0 49.9
53.8 48.8 41.5 47.5 48.5 50.0
52.1 48.0 40.7 45.2 48.0 50.0
51.5 49.1 41.2 42.5 49.2 50.5
52.1 49.1 42.5 44.3 48.6 51.5
51.8 47.0 39.6 43.1 44.1 47.9
50.3 47.2 39.6 44.3 46.4 48.7
49.3 46.9 38.0 45.2 47.0 47.5
50.0 46.4 38.7 43.3 43.9 46.2
50.3 46.9 38.2 42.0 45.7 46.0
49.3 47.2 38.7 40.9 47.2 45.7
52.4 43.3 45.1

52.8 42.9 44.9
52.9 43.3 45.2
52.2 41.3 44.9
52.6 41.9 44.9
52.0 42.5 44.8
52.0 42.0 44.4
53.0 42.2 44.9
51.5 42.1 44.0
51.4 44.5 38.2 40.7 46.0 43.9
52.3 45.0 38.7 42.2 45.7 44.4

51.9 44.9 38.4 42.5 45.1 43.9
51.4 44.8 39.2 41.5 44.7 43.6
50.1 44.7 37.2 40.3 44.5 43.6
52.1 44.9 39.4 42.0 44.6 44.4
51.8 45.1 38.9 43.0 44.5 44.4
51.7 44.7 38.6 41.3 44.1 43.6
51.5 45.0 39.3 42.5 43.6 43.8
50.8 44.7 39.2 41.3 43.2 42.9
50.8 44.7 39.2 41.7 42.6 42.6
50.2 44.5 39.1 40.6 42.2 41.9
50.1 44.5 39.0 40.6 42.2 42.0

50.0 44.3 38.8 39.8 42.0 41.2
49.9 44.2 38.8 39.8 41.5 40.7
49.8 44.1 39.0 40.4 41.4 40.9
48.8 44.0 39.0 39.9 41.2 40.4
48.8 43.9 39.0 39.3 40.6 40.1
48.1 43.2 38.7 40.3 40.2 40.7
47.5 43.0 38.1 40.1 39.7 40.2
47.5 42.6 38.3 39.2 39.3 39.7
47.9 42.7 38.1 39.6 38.8 39.3
47.2 42.0 37.8 38.6 37.9 38.2
49.1 43.4 38.0 39.3 39.1 40.1

48.2 43.1 37.8 38.9 38.4 39.7
47.8 42.7 37.8 39.1 38.2 39.4
47.3 42.5 37.8 38.3 37.8 38.5
46.4 42.2 38.2 38.2 37.7 38.0
46.9 42.3 38.3 37.6 37.2 37.8
47.0 42.4 38.5 37.7 37.2 37.7
47.4 42.5 38.5 37.3 37.1 38.0
47.0 42.3 38.5 37.8 37.2 38.1
46.4 42.4 38.7 37.9 36.7 38.0
56.0 49.3 50.2 43.2 51.5 49.3

55.7 49.2 50.5 49.9 51.0 48.3
53.7 47.6 44.5 44.4 47.7 48.0
51.9 48.0 53.8 44.1 46.6 45.6
52.7 49.5 46.6 44.6 47.6 45.7
50.9 46.7 44.4 44.0 44.0 43.1
49.9 46.1 44.4 41.2 42.7 43.0
47.5 44.4 43.5 40.1 41.2 41.8
46.1 44.8 43.1 40.1 41.0 39.6
47.8 45.0 44.3 37.9 40.5 39.1
46.7 44.7 43.9 38.3 40.5 39.3
47.4 44.4 44.0 38.6 40.2 39.2
54.3 51.2 46.8 43.5 49.8 46.2

53.4 50.9 46.8 43.2 48.6 45.8
54.0 51.2 47.5 42.9 49.0 45.2
53.9 51.4 46.7 41.6 48.9 45.0
54.3 51.4 46.6 41.7 48.4 44.4
54.4 51.2 47.0 41.4 47.9 44.2
54.5 50.7 47.3 41.3 47.5 44.1
53.3 50.7 46.9 41.2 47.3 43.7
53.8 50.2 46.3 41.2 47.2 43.6
52.7 49.8 46.0 40.7 47.1 43.5
52.1 49.7 46.0 40.7 47.0 43.1
52.5 49.6 45.6 41.0 46.7 42.9
52.2 49.1 45.4 42.1 46.4 42.5
52.5 49.3 46.1 42.2 46.8 42.7
50.3 49.2 45.6 44.0 42.4 42.3

51.6 49.8 46.0 41.3 42.9 42.7
49.9 48.8 45.7 41.3 42.0 39.3
51.4 49.8 46.1 42.7 44.3 41.9
49.8 50.1 46.1 37.5 43.4 41.5
52.4 50.4 46.5 39.5 43.8 42.2
51.9 50.2 46.3 45.4 42.4 40.5
52.4 50.4 46.3 34.7 43.2 43.3
51.0 50.8 46.0 46.1 43.7 40.8
50.9 51.5 46.3 41.3 41.9 40.3
51.1 51.0 47.1 46.0 42.7 41.0
51.5 50.3 46.6 44.3 42.8 41.6
52.2 50.4 47.7 43.6 43.2 38.0
52.3 51.0 46.4 45.3 43.6 38.7
51.5 50.7 46.1 36.9 42.3 38.8
51.1 50.8 46.4 35.3 44.5 39.0
51.0 50.4 47.2 39.0 43.5 37.4
50.3 50.7 46.3 39.2 42.9 38.2
50.9 50.8 46.6 42.1 43.6 39.3
50.9 51.1 46.7 40.9 44.1 39.6
49.9 50.0 46.1 37.8 42.1 39.4
51.1 49.8 46.1 37.1 39.9 40.0

51.9 49.2 45.2 35.7 38.3 38.3
47.1 49.1 45.6 36.3 38.2 38.4
50.2 48.7 45.3 37.0 38.7 36.7
51.1 48.7 44.7 35.4 38.7 37.0
48.8 48.8 45.7 35.9 37.4 35.8
49.3 48.2 44.7 33.4 36.4 34.2
46.2 48.1 44.7 36.7 36.5 35.2
47.1 47.7 44.0 37.9 37.1 34.6
49.4 47.6 44.6 40.0 36.2 37.2
45.6 43.9 44.7 33.4 32.8 31.2
46.9 44.8 42.3 42.4 44.9 43.6

47.3 45.5 41.4 42.7 44.6 41.7
51.1 46.7 43.7 38.7 41.4 42.0

50.7 46.7 42.6 41.8 42.9 41.3
49.2 45.9 41.4 41.5 42.3 39.7
48.2 46.2 41.4 38.7 42.8 40.4
50.4 46.5 42.5 40.0 43.6 40.4
48.6 46.4 41.6 37.8 42.5 40.2
48.3 46.5 41.7 39.8 42.3 40.3
49.2 45.7 41.3 39.6 41.3 40.1
49.3 46.0 40.7 36.9 41.6 39.7

45.9 46.2 41.6 39.4 43.2 40.2
46.6 45.9 40.7 39.5 42.0 39.0
46.9 45.1 39.8 38.1 41.2 38.5
47.9 46.9 41.3 39.5 42.1 39.0
45.6 45.7 41.1 36.5 42.7 39.6
46.6 46.1 42.2 36.4 42.1 40.4
48.3 46.1 42.0 40.8 42.6 40.6
48.4 46.5 43.1 40.5 41.8 40.1
49.3 46.4 39.8 32.2 47.1 40.3

45.7 45.1 37.2 30.5 45.5 40.6
46.6 45.5 38.6 36.4 46.7 39.9
45.6 45.4 38.4 35.4 45.8 39.3
42.9 44.7 37.8 32.7 45.4 38.8
43.1 45.1 37.3 33.5 46.5 39.8
51.9 46.9 43.2 41.4 43.8 41.7

48.2 48.3 44.6 42.1 45.8 40.9
48.4 51.4 44.3 44.7 47.5 42.0
48.3 48.0 45.1 36.3 44.3 36.8
47.6 48.9 43.6 38.7 44.6 35.4
47.5 46.8 43.1 42.0 43.4 41.2

47.5 47.4 44.3 40.6 43.7 38.9
48.3 47.5 43.2 45.5 43.1 39.5
47.6 47.3 43.8 46.5 43.2 39.1
47.9 46.7 43.7 40.9 42.7 39.0
49.3 46.6 43.7 43.7 43.0 40.1
48.3 46.4 42.5 41.3 42.4 39.8
47.6 45.8 42.4 39.4 42.4 39.8
47.1 44.4 42.0 43.4 41.9 39.3
45.7 43.7 41.8 40.8 40.7 39.3
46.6 44.1 42.3 40.9 40.4 39.3
45.8 43.5 41.6 39.8 39.7 37.5
45.2 43.2 41.8 38.2 39.2 36.8
45.6 43.7 42.3 36.3 38.5 35.5
46.0 43.7 42.0 36.8 38.5 36.2
45.8 43.0 41.2 36.0 38.2 36.1
44.8 42.6 41.3 37.2 37.9 36.2
42.5 41.0 41.7 34.7 35.8 33.7
45.2 43.5 42.2 35.0 37.6 33.1
48.0 47.9 43.6 43.1 49.0 43.5

47.7 47.4 42.8 40.0 47.5 43.6
49.6 47.8 44.0 41.7 47.2 42.8
50.3 47.5 44.0 43.1 47.5 43.3
48.6 48.3 43.9 41.1 47.3 42.5
47.9 48.4 43.0 44.7 46.5 40.6
50.0 48.1 43.6 41.7 47.0 41.5
50.3 48.4 43.5 43.1 46.7 41.4
48.4 47.4 42.6 40.1 46.5 41.8
47.6 47.5 42.5 43.1 45.2 40.3
47.4 47.2 42.6 44.2 44.2 39.9
48.4 47.0 42.5 40.9 45.7 40.6
46.4 46.7 41.7 40.3 44.3 39.9
48.1 47.6 42.5 39.4 44.3 40.3
48.1 47.2 42.7 41.3 44.5 40.8
46.2 47.3 42.4 43.9 43.5 41.3
48.2 47.0 42.5 43.0 44.5 41.0
49.0 47.1 42.4 41.8 44.2 40.8
47.6 47.4 42.9 39.5 44.0 40.9
48.2 47.8 43.1 41.0 44.9 41.5
47.6 47.6 44.6 37.7 45.5 42.0
47.8 47.8 44.4 43.8 45.2 42.3
54.0 54.1 46.1 52.4 50.9 43.3

51.6 51.0 44.0 39.8 46.7 40.7
53.9 51.4 43.7 45.3 47.5 43.3
52.7 51.2 41.8 44.7 47.3 42.9
52.8 51.8 43.5 47.3 48.8 43.1

48.9 50.7 49.9 35.9 48.1 42.1
51.5 48.4 44.6 35.9 46.1 41.4
49.5 49.6 43.0 45.0 50.4 45.5

49.1 48.9 42.5 44.0 50.6 44.1
51.3 50.0 43.0 48.8 51.7 44.3
49.1 49.1 41.9 47.2 49.1 45.5
47.5 48.6 41.9 49.5 47.7 43.8
46.8 48.5 41.1 42.6 48.0 40.5
46.3 49.8 40.5 35.4 48.5 40.2
46.0 49.5 40.5 45.0 47.7 38.9
47.8 48.6 40.7 35.5 46.8 37.4
46.1 48.3 40.7 46.3 46.8 41.3

47.9 49.8 42.7 41.3 47.6 42.0
45.0 49.9 42.7 43.2 44.0 39.6
49.6 50.8 43.2 39.2 47.9 44.1
43.3 50.6 42.4 42.0 44.8 36.5
45.0 50.0 41.8 43.5 46.2 39.2
46.2 49.9 41.5 44.8 45.8 42.4
44.9 49.5 41.9 42.7 46.1 42.5
42.3 48.3 41.3 40.4 44.3 36.5
40.9 48.5 41.6 33.9 42.9 36.6
45.8 48.8 42.3 38.0 45.5 40.9
46.4 49.5 42.9 41.7 45.7 40.4
41.6 50.6 43.0 39.2 43.2 38.0
42.0 50.8 43.8 34.4 44.0 38.1
44.5 50.9 42.4 44.7 44.0 39.5
43.5 51.9 42.1 36.5 45.2 40.4
49.1 51.9 41.3 41.5 48.7 42.6
53.0 52.7 42.1 42.4 50.5 44.2
52.6 51.6 40.5 39.4 50.0 45.3
51.3 41.2 47.5

52.5 48.0 44.3 44.9 48.8 44.2
52.2 42.9 40.9 43.4
50.2 48.7 44.6 41.4 48.6 42.5
51.3 49.1 42.4 41.9 47.8 42.1
50.1 48.1 42.7 39.1 47.8 41.8
51.8 49.0 43.9 43.5 45.7 40.7
51.8 48.4 42.3 45.4 42.8
51.7 48.3 43.4 45.4 41.6
50.8 48.4 43.3 45.9 40.3
48.2 48.7 43.4 40.0 43.3 38.7
49.8 49.8 43.5 40.3 44.7 40.7
47.0 50.9 44.3 39.8 44.4 36.7
46.5 50.3 45.0 37.2 44.0 38.2
47.0 50.6 44.4 39.0 44.3 37.6

47.3 50.1 43.9 39.5 44.9 37.5
45.8 49.4 43.0 34.8 44.0 36.0
64.1 53.5 45.9 50.9 48.7 48.1

48.9 50.2 55.0 51.9 47.3
50.1 52.2 47.0 41.7 50.3 43.3
52.2 52.2 47.4 50.3 50.6 44.4
52.0 46.4 45.2
45.5 42.2 39.6
51.9 44.7 41.3 33.7 42.9 38.0

51.3 44.6 41.5 35.7 42.7 36.6
52.6 45.6 42.5 41.9 44.4 37.9
51.7 45.9 42.7 42.5 43.3 38.4
54.1 46.1 42.9 38.1 43.1 36.9
51.6 46.2 42.6 38.0 42.4 38.1
51.9 45.8 42.2 42.8 42.4 38.3
52.1 45.8 42.8 42.8 43.2 39.1
53.1 46.3 42.9 37.2 42.7 37.9
52.6 46.6 43.0 36.5 42.0 38.0
50.1 46.3 42.5 34.8 41.7 36.8
49.9 46.4 43.0 37.4 41.5 33.8
49.2 46.5 42.7 35.8 40.3 34.9
48.4 46.4 42.7 37.2 40.0 34.9
50.9 46.6 43.0 36.4 40.9 35.0
48.7 46.8 42.2 36.1 39.3 34.6
47.9 46.0 42.0 37.4 39.6 33.6
49.1 46.7 42.5 38.7 39.5 36.3
47.1 46.0 42.5 35.5 38.7 33.3
48.2 46.4 42.7 38.3 38.0 33.7
44.6 45.9 42.0 34.9 38.1 32.4
45.9 46.3 42.1 35.5 37.6 33.1
45.3 45.9 42.3 35.8 36.7 31.6
43.7 45.4 42.1 33.9 36.2 31.4
43.4 45.2 41.7 34.8 36.4 29.4
45.4 45.4 42.1 35.1 36.6 30.1
40.9 43.4 41.2 28.7 33.3 26.7
52.4 50.1 43.9 42.2 47.8 34.1

54.1 47.8 43.6 38.1 51.0 45.8
52.6 50.6 43.6 42.7 46.4 45.4
51.7 51.2 41.0 54.8 47.8 43.2
54.2 53.0 43.5 46.9 50.7 45.5
53.2 53.2 42.2 43.9 50.4 45.2
56.1 53.6 43.0 45.6 50.6 43.4
57.1 53.7 43.6 46.7 50.8 44.5
56.3 51.9 42.8 45.4 53.0 45.1
54.8 53.6 43.5 43.8 50.7 44.3
53.4 53.9 44.9 46.4 48.9 46.1
54.0 53.4 44.2 54.2 49.8 44.2
52.3 48.9 52.8 43.2 48.9 44.3
55.4 49.6 48.9 46.9 50.4 44.7
52.3 48.5 48.6 44.6 48.3 40.8
52.8 52.1 44.7 42.2 47.7 44.4
53.2 51.3 41.9 46.1 48.4 41.7
52.3 51.2 41.7 44.7 46.5 44.7
51.8 51.1 42.0 41.6 47.3 42.3
52.4 51.3 41.8 40.1 46.4 43.5
52.2 50.1 41.4 38.8 44.8 42.3
51.4 49.5 42.3 38.6 44.4 39.8
49.6 49.6 42.5 40.9 45.1 39.7
50.9 49.3 40.9 41.1 44.7 40.1
50.8 50.3 45.1 46.2 47.2 44.0

51.2 49.8 45.7 43.0 46.5 42.0
50.7 48.8 43.1 41.4 46.8 41.8
51.7 50.2 44.8 40.6 47.8 45.2
48.2 49.8 44.5 41.9 47.8 44.1
47.8 50.5 43.6 43.8 47.8 45.3
48.4 50.5 44.4 47.8 49.9 44.5
48.6 50.0 44.8 45.2 49.2 44.4

49.6 49.6 43.6 45.2 49.1 44.5
49.1 50.1 46.2 43.4 48.2 43.8
50.5 49.1 44.7 44.2 48.6 43.9
50.1 49.9 45.7 42.9 47.7 43.9
50.2 49.8 44.9 42.5 47.4 44.0
50.0 48.9 44.9 41.5 46.8 43.3
49.3 48.9 45.1 39.7 45.4 42.4
49.2 48.6 44.5 41.8 45.2 42.2
50.0 48.2 43.8 41.3 44.7 42.4
49.7 48.0 44.0 41.2 44.1 42.5
49.0 47.6 43.5 41.7 43.7 42.2
50.3 47.9 43.8 41.9 43.9 42.8
48.5 47.5 43.9 41.7 43.5 42.2
49.8 47.9 44.0 40.8 43.5 42.0
50.2 48.0 43.6 41.5 43.7 42.6
49.3 47.7 43.5 41.6 43.5 42.8
48.3 46.6 42.8 37.1 40.5 39.1
49.0 48.4 43.9 40.0 43.4 41.4
58.8 47.2 45.5 41.9 41.1 44.1

57.3 46.7 42.3 37.3 40.5 45.3
55.8 45.8 41.7 40.2 39.3 44.0
54.1 45.4 41.0 37.0 39.2 43.3
55.2 45.6 41.4 37.9 39.3 42.9
54.8 45.6 42.0 39.5 39.1 43.1
55.0 45.2 41.9 37.9 38.0 41.4
54.6 45.6 43.4 40.5 38.1 39.3
53.3 45.1 42.2 39.7 38.0 37.9
52.5 44.6 42.1 38.4 37.9 36.8
52.3 44.9 42.3 39.5 38.0 38.4
52.4 45.2 42.2 37.6 36.8 37.7
50.9 45.4 42.3 37.7 37.1 36.2
51.7 45.7 42.4 37.9 38.4 37.5
52.0 45.5 42.4 39.3 37.6 36.5
52.1 46.2 44.3 40.6 37.0 36.0
51.3 45.4 42.6 39.9 37.0 36.2
50.8 45.4 42.3 39.6 37.2 35.4
50.3 44.7 41.5 38.8 36.4 35.9
49.4 44.2 41.6 38.9 36.0 35.4
48.6 44.1 41.2 38.8 35.8 35.1
49.3 44.0 40.8 39.4 35.7 34.9
48.7 43.6 41.1 38.2 35.6 34.8
48.4 43.3 40.6 38.4 34.6 33.8
48.1 42.9 40.2 37.4 34.1 33.3
48.4 42.6 40.3 38.5 33.7 32.9
47.6 42.3 40.0 37.8 33.3 31.9
47.8 42.0 39.6 38.0 32.5 34.1
46.2 43.2 40.7 41.1 43.2 40.8

45.2 42.8 40.4 40.3 43.0 40.4
46.3 43.6 41.3 41.5 42.9 41.0
48.3 44.2 41.3 41.2 43.0 41.0
47.2 43.8 40.8 40.7 42.5 39.6
46.9 43.5 40.2 37.2 41.6 37.9
46.9 44.1 40.6 37.3 42.3 38.0
46.2 44.6 40.6 36.7 41.8 35.3
45.6 44.1 40.3 36.8 40.7 34.5
44.4 44.1 39.6 34.9 39.7 34.3
45.8 44.9 39.8 37.7 42.4 37.8
46.8 45.3 40.5 39.4 42.6 38.2
46.3 44.4 40.3 39.7 42.5 38.4
mal workers
Zero-income
37.8
42.7
32.1
36.0
46.1
45.2
41.8
38.1
40.9
36.4
39.1
39.5
40.4
42.1
40.3
41.2
36.3
38.7
31.0
29.6
33.1
35.5
31.4
30.9
31.0
30.6
29.1
31.0
28.8
31.9
28.2
29.5
35.4
31.7
31.1
35.6
31.6
29.4
27.1
28.4
29.8
28.4
29.2
25.2
25.2
28.6
32.2
25.6
23.9
25.9
23.9
24.3
25.2
36.5
35.8
30.4
31.6
33.0
37.3
29.2
32.9
33.2
32.3
33.2
32.3
33.2
33.2
34.5
33.3
33.1
34.7
27.2
30.9
30.9
27.3
34.4
28.1
40.9
39.1
39.7
39.3
38.8
40.0
39.6
39.3
38.2
38.3
28.5
27.4
26.7
28.6
26.4
26.3
25.4
25.8
24.9
24.9
24.8
24.9
23.9
23.7
24.5
24.3
24.7
25.6
24.8
24.3
23.4
22.0
29.8
30.2
29.7
29.8
30.3
29.3
29.4
29.3
29.4
30.6
53.2
51.3
49.6
45.4
43.8
41.3
40.1
39.7
46.9
43.0
40.9
42.5
34.6
31.9
31.3
28.0
27.5
26.9
27.1
26.5
26.8
25.1
25.7
25.8
25.9
26.1
40.0
37.4
35.2
38.4
37.3
36.6
34.6
36.9
33.2
36.3
34.0
36.9
31.8
33.3
37.0
33.6
30.3
33.1
33.4
37.0
35.2
26.4
25.2
29.1
24.8
26.9
26.8
20.8
27.7
26.9
25.0
26.1
35.6
33.9
29.7
32.4
28.4
29.4
26.2
21.8
23.1
23.2
22.4
29.6
21.3
26.3
28.5
26.1
25.7
28.3
31.2
30.8
29.4
30.8
29.3
29.1
30.7
27.6
32.6
29.7
30.7
28.4
30.2
32.2
33.3
34.1
32.7
32.7
31.0
30.0
27.8
25.9
26.4
26.407928
27.4
25.8
23.3
38.3
33.9
37.8
37.7
38.6
33.9
34.8
33.4
33.7
34.4
33.6
33.1
32.0
31.8
32.5
32.2
32.9
32.8
32.6
34.6
34.5
34.7
36.3
28.2
30.3
34.9
30.1
35.8
32.0
42.5
42.3
40.8
41.2
39.1
37.0
39.3
34.5
32.7
34.3
32.7
31.9
35.1
29.9
31.8
31.6
30.3
26.7
26.7
32.8
31.4
28.7
27.4
27.5
26.2
28.7
33.5
33.1
43.1
41.7
37.1
35.0
34.7
36.4
33.2
38.4
36.5
33.2
32.3
35.9
31.7
30.3
31.4
31.4
30.9
40.2
37.0
33.0
34.1
37.8
32.5
40.4
40.9
41.6
48.2
49.7
45.6
39.5
32.8
33.5
33.2
32.5
47.8
26.1
25.1
22.3
24.6
24.0
23.8
22.4
20.6
19.6
19.7
18.5
18.1
16.4
16.1
15.8
31.7
38.0
40.7
39.8
41.9
41.9
40.0
41.8
43.4
41.3
42.7
41.6
39.7
42.6
36.3
39.1
37.4
37.0
37.8
37.0
33.7
34.8
33.7
32.7
36.2
27.1
25.8
30.1
28.9
29.4
28.4
29.2
29.3
28.0
28.0
27.8
27.7
27.2
25.9
26.1
25.7
25.3
25.4
26.0
24.9
25.2
24.5
25.2
25.5
25.7
39.9
41.7
41.6
38.5
41.8
40.1
40.4
37.5
37.3
36.2
38.1
36.0
34.3
37.5
33.3
28.8
29.7
26.8
28.0
29.3
28.3
28.6
27.7
27.2
29.5
26.7
27.2
28.1
39.1
38.1
30.7
Hours of work Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)

Argentina
1986 50.2 45.4 46.2 40.8
1987 46.0 44.3 45.8 41.9
1988 46.2 44.2 46.3 42.0
1991 50.6 42.9 45.1 42.3
1992 45.1 43.4 45.0 41.7
15 main cities
1992 45.3 43.8 44.6 41.4
1993 45.7 43.4 45.5 42.3
1994 45.2 42.4 45.3 40.7
1995 44.9 41.4 44.3 40.5
1996 45.3 41.4 45.0 39.7
1997 45.4 41.4 45.4 40.1
1998 45.7 41.5 45.8 40.0
28 main cities
1998 45.5 42.0 45.6 40.1
1999 45.0 41.8 45.3 40.2
2000 44.7 41.0 44.8 39.7
2001 43.9 39.3 44.4 37.8
2002 40.2 38.5 43.1 34.1
2003 40.4 38.4 43.4 34.6
EPHC
2003-II 41.0 38.4 44.5 34.6
2004-I 42.1 38.7 45.0 35.5
2004-II 42.3 38.6 44.9 35.2
2005-I 43.0 39.2 45.1 36.8
2005-II 43.2 38.9 45.0 36.2
2006-I 43.1 39.1 44.9 36.5
2006-II 43.4 38.8 44.7 36.8
2007-I 43.7 38.8 44.6 37.0
2007-II 43.6 39.1 44.6 37.0
2008-I 44.1 39.6 44.4 37.5
2008-II 43.4 38.6 44.0 36.5
2009-I 43.3 37.5 43.6 36.1
2009-II 42.9 38.3 43.4 36.1
2010-I 43.3 38.0 43.7 36.4
2010-II 43.0 38.3 43.4 36.6
2011-I 43.4 38.2 43.6 37.0
2011-II 42.8 37.8 43.4 36.0
2012-I 42.6 37.8 43.1 35.8
2012-II 42.3 37.2 43.0 35.2
2013-I 42.8 36.9 43.2 35.5
2013-II 42.0 37.6 42.4 35.7
2014-I 42.0 37.1 42.6 35.4
2014-II 41.6 36.6 42.1 35.4
2015-I 41.9 36.2 42.2 35.2
2016-II 41.2 35.6 41.6 34.6

2017-I 41.0 35.5 41.6 34.3
2017-II 41.0 35.7 41.8 34.0
2018-I 40.9 35.8 41.6 34.0
2018-II 40.9 35.4 41.5 33.3
2019-I 40.2 34.6 41.2 33.1
2019-II 40.5 35.0 41.2 33.6
2020-I 38.8 33.2 39.4 32.6
2020-II 38.5 32.3 39.4 32.1
2021-I 40.0 33.6 40.9 33.4
2021-II 39.9 34.4 40.6 34.0
Bolivia
Urban
1992 45.4 46.8
1993 46.5 48.5
1997 46.9 46.4
National
1997 47.0 41.5
1999 47.2 43.1 44.1 51.0
2000 48.5 44.8 46.5 51.1
2001 47.7 38.3 46.0 49.2
2002 48.3 41.6 44.4 51.4
2005 49.2 42.8
2006 47.8 42.3
2007 48.6 43.7 45.9 49.8
2008 48.3 43.7 46.6 49.5
2009 46.6 43.6 44.1 47.5
2011 47.1 43.5 44.9 48.7
2012 47.5 45.2 44.6 48.0
2013 46.1 44.3 44.1 47.3
2014 47.0 44.2 44.9 48.4
2015 47.2 46.5 45.3 48.7
2016 45.4 40.7 43.2 43.7
2017 45.2 43.5 43.6 45.7
2018 44.1 43.2 42.0 46.5
2019 44.3 40.4 42.7 43.8
2020 44.1 42.7 42.2 45.7
2021 44.2 42.3 42.7 46.5
Brazil
1981 51.1 43.7 46.4 45.8
1982 51.7 43.0 46.4 46.7
1983 51.6 43.5 45.8 45.2
1984 50.8 43.2 45.7 47.0
1985 51.1 43.0 45.7 46.8
1986 50.7 43.5 45.1 46.4
1987 50.5 43.0 45.2 46.2
1988 51.1 43.5 44.7 45.8
1989 50.3 42.4 43.5 44.5
1990 43.9 43.7 43.5 44.7
New PNAD
1992 43.8 40.5 44.0 44.1
1993 43.5 39.8 43.9 43.1
1995 43.8 39.6 44.1 43.0
1996 43.0 40.3 43.5 42.8
1997 44.0 40.2 44.2 42.9
1998 44.0 40.1 44.2 42.7
1999 43.7 39.4 44.0 42.2
2001 44.1 39.8 44.3 41.9
2002 43.8 39.2 44.2 41.4
2003 43.8 38.9 44.1 40.9
2004 43.6 38.6 43.9 40.5
With Rural North
2004 43.6 38.5 43.9 40.5
2005 43.4 37.8 43.8 40.0
2006 43.4 37.5 43.8 39.5
2007 43.2 37.8 43.6 39.3
2008 43.2 37.6 43.5 39.2
2009 43.1 37.5 43.4 38.3
2011 42.4 38.0 42.6 37.9
2012 42.1 37.6 42.4 37.4
2013 41.9 37.2 42.1 36.8
2014 41.9 36.5 42.1 36.2
2015 41.2 35.8 41.4 35.1
PNADC
2012 42.6 38.9 42.8 36.8
2013 42.2 38.5 42.5 36.0
2014 42.0 38.2 42.2 35.6
2015 41.8 37.6 42.0 35.0
2016 41.6 37.4 41.8 34.9
2017 41.6 37.1 41.9 34.5
2018 41.7 37.0 42.1 34.5
2019 41.8 37.2 42.1 34.6
2020 41.5 37.3 41.7 34.7
2021 41.6 37.1 41.8 34.5
Chile
1990 49.5 50.5 50.2 48.6
1992 49.8 49.6 50.1 48.4
1996 47.4 47.9 48.2 43.8
1998 48.2 46.1 48.9 44.0
2000 49.0 46.4 49.7 45.1
2003 46.5 43.4 47.3 40.1
2006 45.9 42.8 46.6 40.0
2009 44.2 41.5 44.9 39.8
2011 44.3 40.2 45.1 38.5
2013 44.6 39.6 45.4 38.1
2015 44.4 39.8 45.0 38.8
2017 44.1 39.6 44.7 38.6
Colombia
GEIH-National
2008 50.4 46.5 51.2 49.1
2009 50.2 45.4 51.1 48.0
2010 50.4 45.1 51.5 48.4
2011 50.3 44.5 51.7 48.2
2012 50.4 43.9 51.5 47.9
2013 50.3 43.7 51.5 47.7
2014 49.9 43.6 51.1 47.0
2015 49.7 43.3 51.0 46.8
2016 49.3 43.3 50.4 46.8
2017 48.9 43.0 50.0 46.5
2018 48.7 42.9 49.9 46.5
2019 48.6 42.8 49.8 46.2
2020 48.2 42.5 49.0 46.3
2021 48.4 42.9 49.4 46.6
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 48.1 42.0 48.4 40.6
1990 48.7 42.0 48.9 41.5
1991 47.9 40.1
1992 48.8 42.6 49.5 42.9
1993 48.8 42.0 49.4 41.3
1994 49.4 42.5 49.7 41.7
1995 49.3 40.8 49.6 40.0
1996 49.3 42.7 49.8 40.8
1997 49.5 41.6 50.1 41.4
1998 50.0 40.8 50.4 40.1
1999 50.0 41.4 50.4 41.1
2000 49.4 41.9 49.7 42.5
2001 49.9 40.0 50.4 41.3
2002 49.9 40.5 50.1 42.2
2003 49.5 40.4 49.8 41.4
2004 49.5 41.1 50.0 43.2
2005 49.5 40.1 50.0 42.1
2006 49.3 40.2 49.9 41.6
2007 49.7 41.2 50.1 42.3
2008 49.8 41.8 50.1 43.1
2009 48.7 40.5 49.2 40.4
ENAHO
2010 48.7 39.4 49.1 38.1
2011 48.1 37.8 48.5 36.6
2012 47.8 37.9 48.4 36.8
2013 47.7 37.3 48.1 36.4
2014 47.6 37.6 47.9 36.3
2015 47.8 36.4 48.0 36.4
2016 47.2 35.0 47.5 34.9
2017 47.0 35.7 47.4 35.0
2018 46.7 35.7 47.0 35.1
2019 46.9 36.4 47.0 34.4
2020 44.0 31.9 43.6 31.3
2021 46.2 34.8
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 44.4 43.3
1997 44.6 41.8
ENFT 2
2000 45.9 41.4
2001 45.8 41.4
2002 44.8 39.9
2003 44.8 40.5
2004 45.8 40.3
2005 45.1 39.4 45.5 44.3
2006 45.2 39.8 45.7 44.0
2007 44.7 39.4 44.4 44.1
ENFT 4
2008 44.6 38.8 44.4 44.1
2009 44.6 40.5 45.1 43.6
2010 44.1 38.8 44.3 43.5
2011 43.4 38.6 43.6 42.5
2012 45.0 39.3 45.1 44.6
2013 44.0 40.0 44.9 42.9
2014 44.7 40.4 45.3 43.8
2015 44.9 40.7 44.9 44.7
2016 45.3 40.3 45.3 44.9
ECNFT
2016 44.4 41.0 44.6 43.4
2017 42.4 40.9 42.9 41.6
2018 43.3 40.7 44.1 41.7
2019 43.2 40.1 43.7 41.6
2020 42.2 39.5 42.8 41.2
2021 42.1 40.8 42.9 42.0
Ecuador
ECV
1994 46.7 38.0 47.5 44.0
1995 47.4 43.0 48.2 47.6
1998 49.3 44.3 50.7 49.5
1999 47.2 40.1 49.3 48.2
2006 47.4 39.2
ENEMDU
2003 46.0 40.4 46.4 44.2
2004 46.6 38.0 47.4 44.6
2005 46.7 39.0 46.8 44.2
2006 46.7 37.8 46.4 44.5
2007 46.2 38.3 46.5 43.7
2008 46.2 39.6 46.0 43.9
2009 45.6 39.3 45.7 43.2
2010 44.9 39.7 45.2 42.8
2011 44.1 39.0 43.9 42.0
2012 43.3 38.6 43.3 40.8
2013 43.7 38.4 43.6 40.8
2014 43.1 37.1 42.9 39.9
2015 42.8 36.0 42.8 39.5
2016 43.1 34.4 43.2 38.8
2017 43.0 34.8 43.2 38.6
2018 42.2 34.6 42.3 38.6
2019 42.0 34.5 42.3 38.1
2020 40.6 32.1 41.4 36.1
2021 42.4 31.6 42.8 38.8
El Salvador
2000 47.0 44.3 47.0 47.9
2001 46.5 42.8 46.4 47.0
2002 47.2 43.4 47.0 47.0
2003 47.1 43.7 47.1 47.0
2004 47.5 43.7 47.7 47.2
2005 47.2 41.3 47.5 46.5
2006 47.4 42.3 47.4 47.0
2007 47.6 41.8 47.5 46.8
2008 46.5 42.0 46.6 46.4
2009 46.5 40.9 46.8 45.3
2010 46.3 40.3 46.6 44.6
2011 46.2 40.9 46.3 45.6
2012 45.7 39.9 46.2 44.4
2013 46.6 40.1 46.9 44.8
2014 46.4 40.6 46.8 44.7
2015 46.3 40.6 46.6 44.4
2016 46.3 40.9 46.6 44.7
2017 46.4 40.8 46.7 44.5
2018 46.5 40.9 46.8 44.5
2019 46.9 41.9 47.1 45.3
2020 46.7 42.7 47.4 45.3
2021 47.1 42.8 47.3 45.6
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 52.9 42.9 53.5 51.2
2006 49.9 38.6 50.8 47.3
2011 50.3 41.4 49.4 48.8
2014 49.9 42.8 49.7 48.4
ENEI
2002 50.9 39.9 51.2 48.9
2003 50.1 41.6 51.3 48.6
2004 48.2 40.1 49.5 46.2
Honduras
DGEC
1991 47.9 46.4
1992 47.4 45.7
1993 48.8 45.9
1994 47.8 45.7
1995 47.2 44.0
1996 46.9 42.2
1997 47.6 42.5
1998 47.4 40.5
1999 47.2 39.1
INE
2001 46.3 41.3
2002 48.2 41.2
2003 47.5 39.6
2004 49.3 43.2
2005 47.0 37.4 47.6 46.7
2006 47.2 39.7 47.6 47.2
2007 47.3 41.2 47.7 46.7
2008 46.8 41.2 47.9 46.6
2009 45.2 37.1 46.6 44.9
2010 44.7 36.3 47.1 43.7
2011 46.7 40.5 47.2 46.1
2012 47.2 39.9 47.6 46.6
2013 46.3 37.6 48.7 45.0
2014 46.9 38.1 49.0 45.3
2015 47.6 38.2 48.8 45.7
2016 47.7 39.0 49.3 47.0
2017 49.2 42.0 49.5 49.1
2018 50.7 44.1 49.3 50.9
2019 49.5 44.3 48.7 49.9
Mexico
1989 49.6 46.3
1992 47.6 45.9
1994 45.0 41.5
1996 47.8 43.4
1998 47.6 42.8 47.4 47.5
2000 46.9 43.4 47.0 47.1
2002 47.9 41.8 47.5 46.6
2004 48.4 43.6 48.1 46.8
2005 48.4 42.7 48.5 46.6
2006 48.4 42.0 48.6 46.7
2008 47.4 40.6 47.9 44.6
2010 48.3 42.6 48.8 45.9
2012 48.7 40.4 50.1 46.0
2014 48.5 40.6 49.7 45.9
New Methodology
2016 48.7 41.0 49.6 46.3
2018 48.4 41.4 49.4 46.2
2020 47.3 40.1 48.1 45.5
Nicaragua
1993 50.2 46.5 49.6 49.0
1998 50.1 46.3 50.0 51.3
2001 50.7 42.7 51.5 50.4
2005 51.2 43.5 51.1 50.9
2009 48.6 43.2
2014 44.8 37.5 49.3 47.5
Panama
1989 43.2 40.3
1991 43.6 39.5
1995 44.8 41.1
1997 45.0 40.9
1998 45.3 40.1
1999 45.2 40.2
2000 44.8 40.1
2001 45.1 39.6
2002 45.5 39.0
2003 45.6 38.7
2004 45.2 37.8 45.9 40.8
2005 45.4 36.0 46.0 41.2
2006 45.4 35.4 45.9 40.3
2007 45.4 35.2 45.8 40.3
2008 45.7 35.2 46.3 40.4
2009 45.5 34.6 46.0 39.5
2010 44.9 34.3 45.3 39.4
2011 45.5 35.9 45.9 39.7
2012 44.9 33.5 45.5 38.3
2013 45.3 33.1 46.0 38.0
2014 44.6 32.5 45.2 38.5
2015 44.9 32.8 45.5 37.9
2016 44.6 31.2 45.2 37.4
2017 44.0 30.9 44.8 37.1
2018 43.8 29.5 44.6 37.1
2019 44.1 29.7 44.9 37.0
2021 41.8 26.9 43.0 35.0
Paraguay
1995 48.6 37.0 48.5
1997 47.8 46.3 48.4
1999 49.0 44.9 47.2 47.6
2001 49.0 44.0 47.0 48.3
2002 50.0 46.2 48.0 50.8
2003 49.5 46.2 46.6 50.7
2004 50.9 44.9 48.1 51.1
2005 51.0 46.0 47.9 51.3
2006 49.7 47.3 48.0 51.7
2007 50.8 45.9 48.8 51.2
2008 51.0 46.5 50.4 49.9
2009 51.0 45.6 50.4 49.9
2010 50.3 45.2 49.6 49.7
2011 50.1 46.3 48.9 50.3
2012 49.0 42.4 48.9 48.3
2013 49.8 44.9 49.3 48.6
2014 49.1 43.8 48.5 48.5
2015 48.3 44.2 47.4 47.5
2016 48.4 43.5 48.4 47.8
2017 48.7 43.6 48.5 47.5
2018 47.7 42.0 47.7 45.9
2019 47.3 40.8 47.8 45.4
2020 47.1 40.9 47.4 45.7
2021 46.7 40.8 47.3 45.2
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 48.8 42.8
1998 48.5 38.4
1999 47.2 38.1 47.1 46.8
2000 48.3 41.1 49.8 47.7
ENAHO 2
2001 47.7 40.4 49.0 47.6
2002 47.9 40.9 48.8 47.9
2003 48.6 40.2 49.4 49.1
ENAHO 3
2003 48.2 40.4 49.4 48.5
2004 47.8 40.3
2005 48.5 39.4 50.0 48.1
2006 48.0 39.8 48.6 47.9
2007 48.3 39.9 49.8 47.5
2008 48.1 40.0 49.1 47.5
2009 47.5 39.3 48.6 46.7
2010 47.2 38.2 48.6 46.0
2011 47.2 38.2 48.1 45.8
2012 46.8 38.1 47.7 45.1
2013 46.7 38.1 48.1 44.4
2014 46.3 37.9 47.5 44.0
2015 46.7 38.7 47.7 44.4
2016 46.3 38.1 47.6 43.8
2017 46.5 38.3 47.7 44.1
2018 46.6 38.4 47.7 44.2
2019 46.2 38.6 47.4 44.1
2020 44.6 35.5 47.5 44.1
2021 46.4 37.9 47.9 44.2
Uruguay
Urban
1989 47.5 42.6
1992 46.2 43.1
1995 45.3 41.9
1996 44.6 41.3
1997 45.0 41.3
1998 45.3 41.2
2000 44.8 39.9
2001 45.4 38.7 45.2 36.1
2002 44.6 37.9 44.5 36.0
2003 44.1 37.3 44.2 36.1
2004 44.4 38.2 44.6 36.7
2005 44.5 37.3 44.6 35.6
2006 44.7 36.5 44.5 35.5
National
2006 45.1 37.9 44.9 36.2
2007 45.0 36.9 44.8 35.3
2008 46.0 36.2 45.7 34.8
2009 44.9 36.3 44.7 34.3
2010 44.9 35.9 44.6 34.7
2011 44.2 35.8 43.9 34.0
2012 43.8 35.4 43.5 32.7
2013 43.6 35.2 43.1 33.0
2014 43.5 35.1 43.0 32.1
2015 43.2 34.9 42.8 31.7
2016 42.8 34.0 42.4 30.7
2017 42.3 33.5 41.9 29.9
2018 42.2 33.1 41.7 29.3
2019 41.8 32.3 41.4 29.0
2020 40.9 28.5
New Methodology
2021-II 41.5 33.4 40.9 29.3
Venezuela
1989 42.8 41.3
1992 42.5 41.0
1995 43.1 41.6 42.9 42.5
1997 43.6 41.7 43.3 43.0
1998 43.1 40.5 43.3 41.8
1999 42.7 39.1 42.8 41.1
2000 43.2 39.2 43.4 41.6
2001 43.5 37.2 44.1 41.2
2002 43.0 36.4 43.6 40.4
2003 42.4 36.0 43.5 39.4
2004 43.2 39.1 44.2 41.3
2005 43.8 39.5 44.4 41.8
2006 43.2 39.3 43.6 40.0
Hours of work
By economic sector
Primary Industry Industry Utilities &

activities low tech high tech Construction Commerce transportation
Argentina
1986 48.1 47.9 47.7 45.3 51.1 50.1
1987 43.9 47.0 47.3 47.5 50.5 52.3
1988 44.3 47.7 46.5 46.6 51.0 52.2
1991 46.3 47.3 46.0 45.0 49.9 49.2
1992 59.9 46.6 47.3 46.6 48.6 50.9
15 main cities
1992 57.1 46.6 47.4 46.6 48.9 50.5
1993 49.8 48.3 47.1 44.4 49.7 54.8
1994 52.6 48.0 46.0 45.3 49.4 52.4
1995 53.3 47.9 43.7 42.3 49.7 53.2
1996 50.5 45.5 45.2 42.7 49.9 54.3
1997 53.2 48.5 47.0 41.2 50.9 52.8
1998 52.7 48.3 46.5 42.9 49.2 55.1
28 main cities
1998 52.9 48.0 46.6 43.4 49.7 54.8
1999 49.3 47.0 45.0 43.9 49.5 56.3
2000 55.2 47.9 44.3 41.8 47.8 53.4
2001 50.5 47.2 43.2 38.7 47.1 53.2
2002 47.2 46.2 43.3 38.1 46.4 49.7
2003 43.8 42.6 44.7 37.9 46.3 52.6
EPHC
2003-II 36.9 42.9 43.5 38.4 46.2 51.0
2004-I 39.6 42.9 45.1 39.4 46.7 50.8
2004-II 41.1 42.1 44.8 40.0 46.7 50.9
2005-I 41.7 43.7 45.4 41.1 46.9 51.4
2005-II 40.9 43.8 45.3 41.0 46.7 51.9
2006-I 43.0 44.8 45.4 42.1 46.2 52.9
2006-II 46.3 44.0 44.8 42.3 46.2 51.8
2007-I 46.2 44.3 45.3 41.8 46.7 51.6
2007-II 51.1 47.4 44.7 42.7 47.0 51.9
2008-I 44.3 46.0 45.4 42.9 46.7 50.9
2008-II 40.1 43.9 45.0 41.9 45.6 50.1
2009-I 43.7 43.2 44.1 41.3 45.1 49.6
2009-II 41.3 42.4 43.6 41.5 45.8 49.6
2010-I 39.1 43.1 45.1 41.5 45.2 50.3
2010-II 44.0 43.4 44.9 41.4 46.0 49.6
2011-I 42.4 43.5 44.6 41.3 45.2 50.9
2011-II 43.4 43.8 43.8 41.6 45.0 51.0
2012-I 43.1 43.5 44.6 41.6 45.1 49.7
2012-II 42.3 42.7 43.9 40.7 44.3 49.5
2013-I 44.1 42.9 43.7 40.2 44.5 49.4
2013-II 43.5 43.8 43.6 40.5 44.3 48.8
2014-I 41.1 43.1 43.7 40.2 44.7 48.5
2014-II 40.2 42.4 43.8 40.3 43.5 47.9
2015-I 39.3 42.8 43.9 40.3 43.4 48.6
2016-II 39.8 40.9 43.2 39.2 43.2 48.7

2017-I 37.6 40.3 43.0 38.8 42.6 47.9
2017-II 37.7 40.3 43.6 39.3 42.7 49.0
2018-I 39.5 40.4 43.0 38.7 43.0 47.6
2018-II 39.3 39.3 42.6 39.3 43.2 47.4
2019-I 37.5 39.3 40.9 38.0 42.2 46.2
2019-II 38.6 39.4 41.6 37.8 42.5 47.2
2020-I 36.7 36.5 39.0 36.8 40.1 42.0
2020-II 35.5 35.5 40.9 34.7 39.1 42.1
2021-I 33.0 39.4 42.7 36.4 40.9 43.6
2021-II 37.1 39.7 41.5 38.1 41.9 44.9
Bolivia
Urban
1992 53.1 47.0 50.0 48.4 56.9
1993 51.3 47.7 51.2 49.6 59.5
1997 46.4 45.6 50.6 47.5 59.8
National
1997 38.9 44.5 50.6 47.1 59.4
1999 39.5 45.6 50.9 48.7 59.9
2000 42.5 47.1 50.6 51.4 58.9
2002 38.6 46.9 51.7 47.7 58.9
2005 38.8 47.5 51.2 51.7 59.9
2006 39.4 46.0 46.7 51.1 52.9
2007 39.9 48.1 51.2 51.3 57.6
2008 40.0 46.5 50.6 49.9 57.2
2009 41.9 46.6 50.0 46.8 56.3
2011 40.9 45.5 50.1 48.5 55.5
2012 42.5 46.5 51.1 49.5 57.0
2013 40.9 45.7 50.6 49.9 56.6
2014 40.9 46.9 50.2 48.9 56.3
2015 42.8 47.0 51.3 50.9 57.1
2016 35.9 43.5 49.4 46.1 55.5
2017 39.3 44.7 50.3 47.9 54.6
2018 38.8 44.0 50.5 47.2 54.9
2019 35.9 42.5 49.1 44.1 53.7
2020 40.0 42.5 49.0 46.0 52.0
2021 35.8 43.2 50.4 47.1 53.8
Brazil
1981 45.9 47.7 46.4 47.3 48.5 49.5
1982 45.7 47.3 46.3 48.8 48.3 50.5
1983 46.3 46.8 46.1 42.0 48.6 49.9
1984 45.8 47.1 46.2 48.1 48.4 49.5
1985 45.6 47.3 46.4 48.2 48.1 49.6
1986 46.6 46.6 46.0 47.8 47.4 49.2
1987 46.2 46.9 45.6 47.4 47.8 49.2
1988 46.3 46.4 45.3 47.5 47.4 48.7
1989 44.9 44.6 43.8 46.0 46.4 47.1
1990 45.4 44.4 43.8 45.9 46.0 47.4
New PNAD
1992 38.3 44.6 44.2 45.6 46.0 47.1
1993 37.4 44.3 44.1 44.9 45.3 47.1
1995 36.9 44.0 44.2 45.5 45.1 47.3
1996 38.0 44.6 44.4 44.9 45.5 47.3
1997 37.5 44.5 44.1 45.6 45.8 47.5
1998 37.2 44.7 44.4 44.5 46.0 47.6
1999 36.2 44.0 43.9 44.5 45.3 47.7
2002 36.3 41.7 44.0 44.8 45.0 48.0
2003 36.3 41.6 43.6 44.8 44.7 47.5
2004 36.0 41.7 43.7 44.4 44.5 47.1
With Rural North
2004 35.9 41.7 43.7 44.4 44.5 47.1
2005 34.9 40.6 43.3 44.1 44.1 46.8
2006 34.5 40.9 43.5 44.0 44.0 46.6
2007 34.7 41.4 43.3 43.4 43.9 46.5
2008 34.7 41.2 43.2 43.5 44.0 46.2
2009 35.1 40.8 43.1 43.5 43.5 46.0
2011 35.5 41.3 42.4 42.8 43.2 45.4
2012 34.8 40.8 42.4 42.5 42.9 45.0
2013 34.0 40.4 42.5 42.0 42.7 44.6
2014 33.1 40.0 42.3 41.5 42.8 44.4
2015 32.6 39.2 41.6 40.7 42.0 43.3
PNADC
2012 40.2 40.4 42.8 42.0 44.2 45.1
2013 39.5 40.3 42.5 41.9 43.8 44.0
2014 38.8 40.2 42.3 41.6 43.4 43.6
2015 38.4 39.6 42.0 41.0 42.8 43.4
2016 38.6 39.7 41.9 40.6 41.9 42.6
2017 38.9 39.1 42.0 40.0 41.6 42.6
2018 38.8 39.4 41.7 40.2 41.8 42.9
2019 38.8 39.8 42.1 39.8 41.8 43.2
2020 38.9 39.4 42.1 39.9 41.5 43.0
2021 39.4 39.5 42.0 39.7 41.3 43.0
Chile
1990 52.8 48.7 48.7 49.0 52.2 50.3
1992 51.2 48.6 49.5 49.6 52.5 51.9
1996 49.2 46.9 47.6 47.4 50.1 50.9
2000 49.8 48.4 48.6 49.1 49.7 53.2
2003 46.5 44.7 46.4 45.6 47.3 49.8
2006 46.1 44.7 45.6 46.8 45.9 49.5
2009 44.8 42.8 45.3 44.9 43.8 47.1
2011 45.7 43.2 44.2 44.7 42.7 46.4
2013 46.9 42.5 44.8 44.7 42.6 46.5
2015 46.7 42.5 44.7 44.7 42.3 46.6
2017 45.7 42.6 44.3 44.2 41.9 46.8
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 44.7 42.1 47.1 47.0 46.0 53.5
2002 46.2 41.7 47.7 48.4 47.4 53.3
2003 45.7 43.9 47.1 48.3 48.3 54.0
2004 44.2 44.4 46.8 48.9 48.3 54.5
2005 44.7 45.0 47.8 49.2 47.7 54.5
GEIH-National
2008 46.4 46.6 48.8 50.1 49.3 56.5
2009 45.2 45.9 48.1 49.2 48.2 56.2
2010 44.7 46.0 48.2 49.5 48.2 56.3
2011 44.3 45.6 48.0 49.1 47.5 56.1
2012 43.7 45.1 48.0 49.4 47.1 55.7
2013 44.1 45.9 48.0 49.0 46.4 55.6
2014 43.8 46.4 48.0 48.9 46.0 54.6
2015 43.7 46.5 47.8 48.7 45.5 54.1
2016 43.8 46.7 47.5 48.6 45.5 53.7
2017 43.0 45.7 47.3 48.2 45.5 53.0
2018 42.6 44.9 46.8 48.1 45.8 52.9
2019 42.5 44.4 47.0 47.9 46.0 53.0
2020 42.4 45.8 47.0 47.1 45.0 50.4
2021 42.6 46.0 47.2 47.3 45.5 50.1
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 42.5 43.7 47.9 51.6 48.3 48.4
1990 42.4 45.0 48.5 50.5 48.4 49.8
1991 39.5 42.9 47.1 50.4 48.0 49.9
1992 43.3 45.7 47.9 50.9 48.4 51.8
1993 42.5 45.1 48.8 51.2 48.9 52.7
1994 41.2 44.6 48.9 52.7 48.2 51.7
1995 41.9 43.8 48.4 50.8 47.6 50.8
1996 42.1 45.9 49.0 49.9 49.2 51.1
1997 42.0 43.2 49.4 51.1 48.3 51.9
1998 40.8 43.9 49.3 52.2 49.0 52.6
1999 40.3 43.5 49.5 51.4 48.8 52.4
2000 42.5 44.9 48.2 51.9 48.4 52.3
2001 43.2 44.7 48.6 51.2 46.7 53.2
2002 43.2 45.6 49.3 51.8 47.3 53.2
2003 44.3 45.3 49.0 51.8 47.2 53.3
2004 44.5 46.4 49.4 52.0 46.7 52.7
2005 43.7 44.8 49.2 52.2 46.6 52.5
2006 44.6 45.0 48.0 51.3 47.0 51.8
2007 45.5 45.6 49.6 52.4 47.7 52.8
2008 46.3 45.4 49.3 52.9 48.4 52.6
2009 45.0 46.2 48.2 51.4 46.8 50.4
ENAHO
2010 43.8 44.5 47.1 49.7 46.5 52.2
2011 42.7 44.0 46.9 48.2 45.4 50.9
2012 42.9 41.1 48.2 49.5 45.6 49.5
2013 42.8 43.5 45.7 48.0 44.0 49.9
2014 43.9 45.0 48.4 45.7 49.7
2015 43.6 44.4 49.4 44.7 49.3
2016 42.4 44.3 47.8 43.5 48.3
2017 42.1 44.1 47.8 44.1 48.1
2018 42.7 44.3 47.1 44.2 47.8
2019 43.7 44.2 47.3 44.9 47.9
2020 41.1 39.8 40.6 39.0 42.7
2021 41.9 44.3 45.4 43.0 45.7
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 41.8 46.5 44.8 43.0 44.7 50.1
1997 41.9 46.2 44.8 44.8 43.7 46.9
ENFT 2
2000 40.8 45.8 45.5 45.7 45.0 48.2
2001 40.9 45.9 46.6 43.4 44.1 49.3
2002 38.7 44.2 44.3 43.6 43.8 47.0
2003 41.3 46.1 44.0 42.1 43.0 47.5
2004 41.2 45.7 44.5 44.4 43.5 47.1
2005 39.2 45.1 44.0 43.7 41.7 47.4
2006 40.1 46.1 44.2 44.7 42.6 45.9
2007 39.5 44.5 44.2 43.1 42.5 46.4
ENFT 4
2008 40.4 44.7 42.3 43.8 41.5 46.2
2009 41.2 45.2 44.2 43.1 43.1 46.9
2010 39.9 44.3 43.4 42.4 41.3 45.7
2011 40.2 43.8 41.5 41.0 40.6 46.5
2012 40.9 44.7 43.1 42.3 42.1 46.6
2013 40.4 46.3 44.0 42.4 42.3 46.0
2014 41.3 45.7 44.9 42.2 42.8 46.4
2015 41.0 43.9 45.4 42.3 43.2 46.1
2016 41.4 44.7 44.1 41.8 43.4 45.7
ECNFT
2016 39.8 43.9 43.5 40.6 45.1 45.8
2017 38.8 42.8 43.1 39.4 43.9 45.2
2018 40.2 42.6 43.3 40.5 43.4 46.6
2019 39.8 42.4 42.7 39.5 43.3 46.0
2020 39.3 42.8 43.3 39.0 41.3 44.4
2021 40.1 43.1 42.9 39.8 43.7 43.7
Ecuador
ECV
1994 35.4 41.6 46.0 45.9 44.2 58.2
1995 51.9 20.0 41.8 48.4 41.5
1998 41.1 46.7 49.6 46.6 51.3 55.9
1999 40.5 42.6 47.6 45.0 45.6 51.7
2006 38.9 44.6 47.1 44.4 44.1 52.9
ENEMDU
2003 38.8 43.7 44.6 43.8 45.8 50.3
2004 35.8 42.9 46.9 44.0 44.5 50.5
2005 37.1 44.9 45.0 43.9 44.5 50.8
2006 35.6 44.4 45.8 43.6 43.1 50.3
2007 36.7 42.9 45.5 44.6 43.4 49.5
2008 38.4 42.8 45.2 45.4 44.4 50.2
2009 37.6 43.7 45.6 44.1 44.0 48.3
2010 38.0 42.1 45.8 44.1 43.5 48.5
2011 37.5 41.5 43.7 44.2 42.0 48.4
2012 37.0 40.9 43.9 42.8 41.5 47.2
2013 36.6 41.5 42.4 43.2 41.6 47.7
2014 35.3 41.2 41.5 42.6 40.5 45.4
2015 34.4 40.4 41.3 42.0 39.4 45.2
2016 33.0 40.0 40.4 41.0 38.1 44.1
2017 32.6 39.8 39.9 41.4 38.8 45.5
2018 31.9 39.8 40.4 40.3 38.8 44.4
2019 31.7 38.5 40.4 39.7 39.5 45.1
2020 29.9 34.1 38.6 38.4 36.5 43.0
2021 29.3 39.4 39.9 39.2 36.6 44.9
El Salvador
2000 41.1 43.2 46.5 46.6 49.0 51.4
2001 39.0 42.6 44.8 46.9 47.1 49.2
2002 39.4 42.9 45.9 46.9 48.3 48.1
2003 39.7 43.5 44.8 45.5 47.5 49.8
2004 40.9 44.1 45.7 46.6 47.4 49.2
2005 38.5 42.6 45.7 45.8 45.7 48.6
2006 39.3 42.2 44.4 47.2 47.0 48.4
2007 38.5 40.2 44.8 46.7 47.2 49.8
2008 38.9 41.9 44.0 46.5 46.6 49.4
2009 38.7 42.6 45.1 46.1 45.3 48.6
2010 37.9 42.3 44.6 45.5 45.3 48.0
2011 38.2 43.0 45.2 45.6 45.6 48.4
2012 37.7 41.6 44.3 45.1 44.5 47.1
2013 38.3 42.7 45.1 46.1 44.8 47.7
2014 38.4 42.6 45.1 45.1 45.3 48.4
2015 38.0 42.5 44.1 45.1 45.1 48.2
2016 38.2 43.1 45.4 46.0 44.9 49.2
2017 38.3 42.8 44.6 45.3 45.2 49.3
2018 38.3 42.3 45.3 45.5 45.1 48.9
2019 39.2 42.5 44.5 46.2 46.0 48.9
2020 39.5 43.1 45.9 46.3 45.6 49.3
2021 39.6 43.2 45.3 45.9 46.5 48.5
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 43.1 45.4 52.8 49.3 58.3
2006 38.5 41.9 45.8 49.4 44.2 57.4
2011 40.6 44.8 47.7 50.7 47.0 57.6
2014 43.1 45.5 49.1 50.0 47.5 56.0
ENEI
2002 39.9 41.0 47.0 49.3 48.3 55.6
2003 41.7 38.3 46.6 49.6 48.7 61.5
2004 41.6 38.6 45.0 48.6 44.8 56.1
Honduras
DGEC
1991 46.5 43.2 49.7 48.3 51.2 50.4
1992 46.1 44.6 45.1 47.5 49.1 51.3
1993 46.2 43.4 47.4 48.0 50.8 52.7
1994 45.6 45.0 47.3 48.1 49.8 51.5
1995 44.3 43.2 46.3 47.4 48.8 52.1
1996 42.8 42.2 46.1 47.0 45.9 51.4
1997 43.6 43.3 45.0 48.1 45.8 52.2
1998 42.0 41.9 46.2 46.1 43.8 53.2
1999 40.8 40.8 45.7 46.4 42.6 50.3
INE
2001 41.9 41.5 44.2 45.9 44.7 51.6
2002 42.7 41.1 45.9 47.3 44.9 53.0
2003 39.6 40.7 44.0 45.0 46.1 51.1
2004 44.1 42.6 48.1 46.9 49.5 55.3
2005 38.3 37.7 43.4 45.1 44.6 49.4
2006 38.6 41.3 46.3 46.7 46.6 52.7
2007 40.1 42.0 46.2 46.5 49.0 53.2
2008 40.1 41.1 46.4 46.6 47.5 54.3
2009 37.4 37.4 44.5 45.3 41.1 49.8
2010 36.1 36.2 43.0 43.8 41.3 50.7
2011 41.2 40.9 43.4 45.3 44.9 49.7
2012 41.3 38.7 44.3 46.6 44.2 49.9
2013 36.7 37.0 40.7 43.1 45.3 51.9
2014 34.5 34.3 43.7 44.3 47.6 52.1
2015 36.7 39.6 43.2 45.6 45.9 53.2
2016 37.2 41.3 43.7 45.9 46.9 54.0
2017 44.6 39.0 43.8 48.8 46.4 54.7
2018 46.2 42.7 46.9 51.7 49.3 55.3
2019 46.4 42.1 46.7 49.9 49.5 53.1
Mexico
1989 49.2 44.2 45.8 50.4 47.3 51.1
1992 47.4 44.7 47.1 52.2 47.9 50.3
1994 44.8 44.9 46.3 51.2 48.3 52.7
1996 44.0 44.9 46.2 51.3 47.2 53.0
1998 42.9 43.6 46.6 51.5 47.2 51.8
2000 42.7 44.2 47.1 50.5 47.2 54.6
2002 41.6 42.8 47.0 50.1 45.5 54.3
2004 44.2 45.3 47.7 50.2 46.7 56.7
2005 43.2 45.2 47.7 50.5 46.5 55.6
2006 41.2 43.6 47.3 50.5 45.8 55.2
2008 41.9 43.9 47.1 49.1 44.9 54.6
2010 43.7 45.5 47.6 50.6 46.7 57.9
2012 39.4 44.3 49.1 50.1 45.7 58.7
2014 40.4 44.9 48.3 49.9 46.1 57.7
New Methodology
2016 40.7 45.1 48.3 51.5 46.2 58.1
2018 40.3 45.3 48.2 51.1 46.2 58.1
2020 39.7 43.7 47.7 49.3 44.7 55.5
Nicaragua
1998 45.6 46.9 43.9 49.5 49.5 54.0
2001 43.4 44.5 47.0 51.2 45.7 54.3
2005 44.2 44.7 45.6 50.5 47.9 55.7
2009 45.2 45.8 46.5 49.8 48.1 54.8
2014 42.3 44.6 45.2 48.5 43.6 52.8
Panama
1989 44.0 41.1 40.9 39.2 45.8 43.1
1991 44.4 40.3 41.9 40.6 44.8 42.8
1995 44.2 42.3 41.8 43.7 45.7 45.7
1997 43.4 40.0 42.8 43.0 46.5 46.5
1998 43.8 41.9 42.4 42.8 46.1 47.1
1999 42.4 41.2 44.1 43.8 45.1 47.4
2000 41.9 40.1 43.6 43.8 45.2 47.2
2001 39.2 40.3 42.1 43.2 45.3 47.2
2002 40.2 39.3 42.5 41.8 44.7 49.4
2003 38.8 41.5 42.3 42.5 44.8 48.0
2004 38.3 39.0 42.5 43.8 43.6 47.5
2005 35.1 37.5 41.9 43.8 43.4 49.1
2006 34.9 35.1 42.2 44.5 43.2 47.8
2007 34.7 36.6 42.9 44.1 42.8 47.2
2008 34.3 35.7 43.5 44.9 43.0 48.1
2009 34.6 34.7 43.2 45.3 42.0 46.8
2010 33.6 33.6 42.2 44.3 42.1 46.1
2011 34.9 37.5 43.0 46.0 43.7 46.9
2012 32.1 35.3 42.2 44.6 42.6 44.7
2013 31.0 35.4 42.0 45.1 42.2 47.3
2014 30.3 27.9 43.7 44.2 42.0 45.6
2015 30.1 38.2 44.4 41.8 44.7
2016 27.4 36.7 43.6 40.7 45.6
2017 28.0 36.1 43.1 40.3 44.1
2018 26.9 34.9 42.1 38.7 44.0
2019 27.4 34.8 41.5 38.9 43.6
2021 25.8 31.3 36.4 36.2 40.2
Paraguay
1995 30.4 46.6 46.6 49.8 48.0 50.6
1997 41.0 46.0 49.8 49.8 53.6 54.1
1999 40.4 46.3 47.8 49.3 54.7 55.2
2001 39.0 45.0 49.9 51.1 54.3 53.6
2002 41.8 45.5 51.8 52.7 55.2 53.2
2003 42.0 45.6 52.3 51.9 55.5 53.5
2004 40.3 45.3 50.9 53.3 54.4 53.2
2005 40.6 47.6 52.7 52.9 57.3 53.7
2006 41.2 47.0 51.2 53.0 57.9 54.0
2007 38.7 47.6 52.9 53.7 57.3 54.5
2008 40.9 50.1 51.7 52.0 56.9 54.6
2009 40.3 46.8 50.2 52.7 55.7 56.6
2010 39.7 46.5 50.2 52.8 54.4 52.9
2011 39.2 50.6 52.5 52.8 57.0 52.8
2012 35.7 47.3 49.7 51.5 53.9 49.4
2013 38.4 48.0 49.9 51.4 54.9 53.8
2014 37.6 49.6 50.0 52.9 54.8
2015 38.6 48.9 49.9 53.1 52.4
2016 37.7 49.3 49.5 51.9 52.9
2017 36.9 48.8 50.3 52.8 54.0
2018 36.0 48.4 49.3 51.6 54.2
2019 35.2 46.5 47.8 50.9 52.2
2020 34.1 46.8 47.8 50.1 52.8
2021 34.5 46.6 48.3 49.4 52.9
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 40.0 43.1 49.0 46.6 48.2 58.6
1998 34.8 39.1 49.8 46.7 44.5 57.9
1999 34.3 38.8 45.1 45.5 43.0 59.2
2000 36.7 43.9 46.5 42.7 48.0 56.4
ENAHO 2
2001 36.4 43.7 47.8 44.9 46.1 56.9
2002 36.6 42.9 46.4 45.6 48.3 57.0
2003 35.2 42.2 48.1 43.8 47.7 58.6
ENAHO 3
2003 36.1 44.3 47.6 44.6 46.9 57.8
2004 36.0 44.5 46.2 45.2 46.7 58.6
2005 35.0 44.8 47.3 45.0 46.4 58.0
2006 35.3 43.4 48.2 45.0 46.2 57.9
2007 35.4 45.1 46.7 45.4 46.2 55.7
2008 35.5 45.3 46.8 46.0 46.0 56.7
2009 34.7 44.2 44.6 47.1 45.7 53.9
2010 34.0 43.7 46.1 45.1 44.4 53.4
2011 34.3 43.7 44.4 45.7 44.3 53.5
2012 34.0 43.7 44.6 45.3 44.5 53.4
2013 34.1 42.7 44.7 45.6 44.2 53.4
2014 33.8 43.1 44.2 45.7 43.9 52.5
2015 34.6 43.3 45.4 45.4 44.5 53.3
2016 33.7 43.1 44.9 44.8 44.2 52.6
2017 33.9 43.4 45.1 44.4 44.3 53.0
2018 34.2 42.0 44.4 44.9 44.5 54.3
2019 34.3 42.6 45.6 44.4 44.5 53.7
2020 32.8 39.0 42.3 41.5 42.0 47.2
2021 34.6 41.8 44.3 43.4 43.9 51.3
Uruguay
Urban
1989 53.4 46.5 48.2 47.4 45.8 51.3
1992 54.7 45.5 45.9 46.5 50.0 51.1
1995 52.3 44.6 45.6 44.4 48.8 49.1
1996 50.9 43.7 44.4 42.8 48.1 48.3
1997 49.8 44.8 44.9 43.7 48.5 48.8
1998 50.7 44.9 45.7 44.8 48.0 48.8
2000 49.9 43.8 45.2 43.0 46.9 48.3
2001 49.0 43.6 44.6 41.0 46.4 48.0
2002 47.8 42.5 42.6 38.7 46.1 46.8
2003 47.3 41.9 41.3 37.4 45.0 46.1
2004 47.2 42.6 43.5 40.2 45.4 47.1
2005 46.5 43.0 42.4 40.4 45.1 47.2
2006 45.0 43.2 43.0 41.5 44.7 47.2
National
2006 47.9 43.4 43.0 41.6 44.9 47.3
2007 46.8 43.0 43.1 42.0 44.0 47.4
2008 46.5 43.5 43.6 42.5 43.5 47.3
2009 46.6 42.0 43.3 42.1 43.8 46.2
2010 45.7 42.5 43.1 42.3 43.4 47.0
2011 45.3 42.8 43.3 42.3 43.6 46.4
2012 44.8 43.6 42.6 42.1 42.9 46.4
2013 44.8 43.4 42.7 42.0 42.5 45.9
2014 44.5 43.1 43.1 41.9 42.6 45.7
2015 44.0 42.9 42.2 41.0 42.2 45.4
2016 43.1 41.8 41.8 39.8 41.7 44.7
2017 42.7 41.7 41.3 39.0 41.3 44.7
2018 42.8 41.7 41.4 38.6 40.8 44.1
2019 42.5 41.2 41.0 38.6 39.9 43.8
2020 42.3 40.7 40.3 38.4 39.5 43.5
New Methodology
2021-II 43.7 40.6 41.4 39.1 40.6 43.6
Venezuela
1989 42.7 41.1 42.6 42.5 43.7 44.1
1992 42.0 40.7 42.2 42.3 43.0 44.1
1995 42.5 41.3 42.6 42.9 43.5 45.2
1997 43.7 41.4 43.6 43.2 43.1 46.3
1998 42.7 40.1 42.3 42.2 42.2 45.5
1999 42.3 39.7 42.2 41.1 41.2 43.7
2000 43.3 39.8 42.3 41.9 40.9 44.5
2001 41.0 38.9 42.3 40.9 40.2 45.8
2002 41.1 38.2 41.2 39.3 39.3 44.4
2003 40.7 37.4 40.8 38.9 38.4 43.7
2004 42.9 39.8 43.0 41.1 40.6 46.0
2005 43.2 40.8 42.6 41.8 41.6 46.3
2006 41.7 40.5 42.5 41.6 41.0 46.0
Skilled Public Education & Domestic

services administration Health servants
42.7 46.0 38.5 36.6

42.5 46.1 37.1 36.5
42.0 46.2 38.3 36.3
42.6 43.3 38.6 32.8
42.0 43.5 39.2 30.8
42.4 42.3 38.6 31.3

42.4 43.9 37.1 31.7
44.0 42.9 36.8 27.9
44.1 42.7 36.7 27.1
43.9 42.0 36.5 26.5
44.7 41.1 36.8 26.5
45.5 42.5 37.3 26.2
45.5 42.1 37.0 26.9

44.7 41.3 36.0 28.1
45.2 41.4 36.5 28.7
44.7 40.8 35.5 26.7
42.9 33.8 33.1 25.5
42.7 35.1 32.5 26.0
42.7 38.3 31.6 29.0

41.7 38.9 33.2 28.6
41.7 40.7 33.6 26.5
42.6 40.4 33.9 29.2
42.7 42.1 34.3 27.2
41.7 41.2 34.3 27.5
42.0 41.5 35.0 27.9
40.8 40.8 35.7 27.9
40.9 41.9 35.5 27.2
42.8 41.9 35.9 29.4
41.1 42.0 35.9 28.6
41.1 41.4 35.7 27.3
41.5 41.6 35.4 28.4
41.7 41.8 35.9 27.9
40.5 40.5 35.6 28.6
41.4 40.9 36.3 28.1
41.9 39.5 35.3 27.1
41.1 40.0 35.2 26.5
40.9 40.8 34.9 26.2
40.9 40.1 35.2 26.0
40.6 40.5 34.8 25.9
41.2 40.7 33.7 25.7
39.9 40.1 34.6 26.5
39.9 40.3 34.3 26.0
39.5 40.0 34.0 24.5

38.6 39.9 34.1 25.2
39.9 39.6 34.4 25.3
39.2 39.5 33.9 24.6
39.5 39.6 33.7 24.8
38.9 38.6 33.6 25.2
39.0 39.0 33.5 25.6
37.7 38.9 32.4 24.2
37.5 38.3 32.0 23.5
38.2 40.1 32.5 23.7
38.4 38.9 33.2 23.2
43.1 48.8 35.0 54.4

45.6 46.7 38.1 54.0
44.7 51.4 35.5 48.8
44.7 50.9 35.7 48.4

44.6 49.5 36.2 51.5
47.3 54.0 35.1 52.6
50.5 51.2 34.9 53.2
46.8 47.6 37.9 53.6
45.8 45.1 40.7 47.3
48.0 50.5 38.0 48.1
46.8 51.0 37.1 49.5
44.2 51.9 34.5 47.8
44.3 50.3 36.6 45.9
44.8 49.1 37.4 44.2
44.4 47.7 36.5 45.7
45.5 47.8 37.2 44.9
44.7 47.6 38.0 47.5
43.1 47.6 34.9 38.4
41.8 46.2 35.6 41.6
41.9 44.9 34.9 43.5
42.7 45.5 35.4 37.9
41.6 44.9 35.6 42.8
42.2 45.9 35.4 41.0
41.6 43.3 38.0 45.1

41.6 43.3 37.7 45.1
40.8 43.1 37.5 46.1
40.7 42.8 37.3 46.0
40.8 42.7 37.2 45.9
39.9 42.1 37.2 45.5
40.0 42.4 36.6 44.7
40.2 42.4 37.0 44.3
39.6 41.5 37.2 43.2
39.7 41.3 36.9 43.2
40.1 41.2 36.8 42.9
39.9 41.1 36.6 42.5
40.1 41.5 37.1 42.1
39.9 39.8 35.9 41.8
40.5 41.5 37.5 42.1
41.2 41.5 37.8 41.6
41.4 41.0 37.4 41.3
42.4 41.0 37.8 39.4
42.3 40.8 38.1 38.5
42.2 40.8 37.8 38.1
42.2 40.8 37.8 38.2

42.1 40.7 37.4 38.0
41.9 40.4 37.5 37.3
41.9 40.4 37.7 37.2
41.5 40.2 37.7 37.1
41.6 40.5 37.7 36.4
41.0 39.6 38.0 35.8
40.7 39.2 37.6 35.9
40.6 39.5 37.7 34.8
40.6 39.2 37.4 34.0
39.7 38.8 37.2 32.8
40.8 39.0 37.4 34.9

40.4 38.9 37.5 34.0
40.3 38.6 37.4 34.0
40.2 39.1 37.1 33.8
40.3 39.3 37.5 33.4
40.1 39.4 37.5 32.9
40.3 39.3 37.6 33.0
40.3 39.7 37.6 32.9
40.3 39.4 37.9 32.6
40.3 39.7 37.5 31.9
46.2 51.3 43.9 50.8

46.9 49.9 43.7 47.6
44.3 48.5 42.4 45.9
46.7 49.1 43.0 44.0
43.7 47.0 41.3 41.6
44.2 45.7 41.1 39.7
43.2 44.4 40.7 38.2
43.1 44.0 40.7 37.3
42.8 45.2 40.8 37.7
43.5 45.6 40.4 36.4
43.0 45.3 40.9 36.4
45.3 51.3 38.1 44.8

45.6 49.1 38.7 45.7
47.0 51.8 39.8 44.1
45.1 51.0 39.8 45.7
45.8 53.4 40.5 44.6
46.4 52.4 42.1 47.7
45.6 51.5 42.0 46.8
44.8 52.6 41.8 46.5
45.0 52.4 41.5 46.1
45.0 52.4 41.4 45.3
45.1 52.3 41.5 44.1
44.8 51.8 42.0 44.0
45.0 51.3 42.1 43.5
44.7 50.8 41.8 42.8
44.3 50.3 42.0 42.9
43.9 50.0 42.1 42.7
43.5 49.2 42.0 41.8
43.6 49.4 42.3 41.5
43.7 49.3 42.5 41.8
46.4 47.1 40.9 36.4

45.3 48.7 41.5 37.8
45.4 47.6 40.5 34.3
45.7 47.7 42.4 36.9
45.0 47.1 40.8 36.4
46.2 49.0 42.2 36.2
47.1 48.3 41.6 35.0
47.0 48.4 43.2 35.7
47.8 49.4 41.3 35.6
47.0 48.1 41.5 33.8
48.2 48.9 42.5 34.7
47.8 48.4 42.1 34.5
44.6 49.7 42.1 37.5
45.8 48.2 40.6 36.6
45.0 48.7 40.0 35.3
47.1 48.3 41.4 35.4
46.7 50.0 41.6 34.3
46.9 48.0 41.5 34.9
47.2 48.0 41.8 34.5
47.0 48.1 41.7 34.8
47.2 46.8 42.0 32.3
46.0 47.1 40.8 33.6

45.3 46.1 39.4 33.8
45.6 47.7 39.6 32.2
45.5 47.1 39.5 33.5
44.2 45.7 38.8 32.8
44.9 47.1 38.6 30.8
44.0 45.9 37.3 30.4
44.0 46.4 38.1 29.7
43.3 45.6 37.1 31.3
43.8 46.7 39.0 29.1
41.5 46.7 36.8 27.3
42.8 46.8 39.3 29.7
43.2 42.1 39.5 48.5
41.0 41.1 35.9 46.0
42.3 46.5 38.7 39.9

43.2 46.1 38.6 42.4
43.0 43.8 37.8 40.4
41.4 44.3 38.2 41.8
44.3 46.3 38.5 40.9
42.7 44.8 38.8 41.3
42.3 44.0 38.4 40.2
42.8 44.1 38.0 39.8
41.1 42.5 37.7 40.6

42.6 44.0 37.9 42.3
40.7 42.2 38.3 40.3
40.7 40.2 38.3 40.4
41.3 43.6 39.2 39.6
41.4 42.8 38.6 40.8
43.2 46.1 39.5 39.0
44.0 44.2 41.2 39.9
42.9 45.6 41.7 39.5
42.7 41.6 39.4 39.0

41.4 39.4 38.7 37.1
42.0 40.0 39.3 37.4
41.6 39.5 39.1 37.0
41.5 40.7 37.5 35.9
40.0 41.6 37.7 37.0
46.1 48.3 38.2 45.2

45.4 42.3
51.2 49.6 38.0 53.4
47.1 49.4 37.2 39.9
48.1 50.4 35.0 45.1
46.0 47.1 37.1 42.8

46.3 47.2 38.0 44.1
47.4 46.9 38.0 41.2
47.1 46.7 37.7 43.4
45.4 45.9 37.6 41.4
45.1 46.2 37.9 40.8
44.2 45.0 38.0 41.7
44.8 44.9 38.6 40.8
42.8 42.7 39.4 40.4
42.9 42.5 39.1 38.7
43.1 42.8 38.6 37.7
41.9 41.7 38.1 36.5
40.7 42.0 37.8 36.7
40.9 43.0 37.0 34.9
40.0 42.4 37.4 36.1
39.1 41.6 37.4 36.8
38.6 41.3 36.9 34.7
36.8 41.5 36.4 31.2
37.2 41.9 35.8 33.4
48.5 45.9 38.0 59.0

48.3 46.2 38.8 57.0
49.0 47.4 38.1 57.3
49.3 47.2 38.7 57.6
49.7 46.8 38.4 57.0
50.0 46.8 37.4 56.5
49.5 46.5 38.2 54.1
49.0 46.6 37.8 54.4
47.7 45.8 37.3 53.3
47.3 45.3 36.8 52.2
46.5 45.1 36.4 52.1
46.8 45.6 36.1 52.9
45.9 44.3 36.6 51.0
45.6 44.6 37.3 49.5
46.9 44.9 37.6 49.1
46.7 44.7 38.9 46.6
46.0 45.3 38.0 47.9
46.6 45.4 37.5 46.3
47.2 46.3 38.4 45.8
49.0 46.4 38.3 47.4
48.8 46.8 40.3 45.8
47.8 47.4 40.3 46.0
46.8 52.9 42.2 51.5

50.1 53.1 35.0 45.4
45.6 55.5 38.8 42.5
49.9 51.1 38.9 41.9
48.6 52.4 35.3 51.3

48.0 61.9 36.6 49.4
48.3 54.1 33.1 47.9
44.7 46.0 42.5 50.4

43.8 45.1 41.4 52.6
47.1 44.7 43.2 55.0
45.7 45.5 42.8 52.1
47.6 44.4 42.3 44.7
45.5 46.3 40.4 48.7
47.8 44.7 41.6 48.1
47.7 43.5 41.9 45.5
48.5 42.4 41.9 46.6
47.3 44.5 37.2 50.7

49.3 46.1 37.2 51.3
48.4 47.8 36.3 50.1
50.3 47.5 37.6 51.1
49.6 47.0 34.6 50.0
50.4 47.2 35.8 51.9
50.0 46.7 36.2 51.6
49.6 48.0 36.2 48.7
47.9 45.9 35.4 46.2
46.8 46.1 35.3 46.3
49.2 47.4 36.2 48.3
50.8 47.7 35.6 50.5
49.6 47.4 35.2 49.5
49.4 47.5 35.6 49.2
48.7 43.1 35.1 51.5
48.9 43.6 37.2 52.6
49.2 44.9 35.9 54.2
48.9 45.1 37.0 48.6
49.4 44.3 36.3 50.7
44.6 47.7 39.3 37.3

45.1 51.8 38.9 39.3
45.9 49.0 38.4 36.8
46.8 51.7 38.6 36.5
46.5 49.1 37.8 37.5
45.4 49.6 37.6 35.5
46.7 50.8 39.3 34.8
47.3 48.9 39.1 37.8
47.0 49.6 38.7 36.3
46.6 51.7 39.0 35.6
45.9 48.9 38.7 33.8
47.8 50.5 39.0 34.2
49.2 51.7 38.9 31.3
47.5 50.5 39.6 33.4
47.0 50.6 39.4 33.0

47.3 50.1 39.6 34.4
46.3 48.0 38.9 33.1
52.3 49.2 40.0 57.3

57.8 49.1 38.1 53.2
51.3 51.8 39.0 54.6
53.0 48.7 39.5 52.5
49.5 49.1 37.3 46.3
42.3 40.7 39.0 43.1

41.3 42.8 37.6 43.3
44.2 44.3 37.1 46.0
44.2 44.2 38.0 44.5
43.4 45.2 36.6 45.1
44.5 44.6 36.7 45.8
44.1 43.6 37.5 42.5
43.7 43.7 39.0 44.4
43.9 43.9 37.3 42.1
44.6 44.5 37.8 42.4
43.1 43.3 37.9 42.5
43.7 43.3 37.4 40.8
43.7 43.8 37.7 39.4
44.9 43.8 38.3 39.0
43.8 44.0 39.1 39.9
44.2 42.7 38.8 38.9
44.3 42.2 39.0 38.5
43.4 43.4 40.0 38.7
42.6 43.6 39.1 37.4
42.3 43.8 39.2 37.1
40.9 42.6 38.7 36.4
41.6 42.4 39.8 36.8
41.8 42.3 39.9 35.4
41.2 42.2 38.1 34.5
39.0 41.9 37.2 36.0
39.1 42.4 37.6 36.1
36.0 42.0 35.9 34.2
44.0 46.4 38.8 46.7

46.0 44.8 39.9 45.4
45.9 45.5 38.4 44.1
44.9 43.1 39.1 44.0
45.7 46.1 40.7 50.0
47.8 43.7 39.4 47.4
50.5 45.0 40.1 48.2
48.9 47.2 40.6 48.3
49.0 44.9 40.3 50.5
48.8 46.2 41.1 49.0
46.8 47.5 42.0 45.0
50.0 48.1 40.0 45.5
48.1 47.0 41.5 44.4
46.0 47.1 40.8 46.0
47.0 46.2 39.0 43.8
44.7 47.5 41.1 44.2
45.9 41.9 40.3 44.7
47.1 41.7 38.5 41.2
47.2 42.0 39.2 42.2
47.7 41.8 40.2 41.0
44.7 41.4 38.0 39.3
45.4 42.3 36.6 38.3
44.4 42.5 36.3 38.9
44.8 40.9 36.2 37.3
48.2 54.3 36.6 51.1

46.5 54.0 35.5 49.6
45.3 50.7 35.3 52.2
46.2 52.4 38.2 53.2
46.6 52.6 37.4 53.9

47.6 50.8 37.1 50.9
47.6 52.3 38.8 49.8
46.6 52.3 37.8 51.1
46.6 51.7 37.9 50.2
46.8 53.2 37.6 51.5
47.3 52.0 36.5 50.5
45.5 52.6 38.1 49.6
45.5 51.1 36.8 50.1
45.9 51.1 36.4 50.1
43.3 51.3 36.0 49.0
43.5 50.5 36.7 48.0
44.3 49.2 36.4 47.5
44.7 49.2 36.9 45.9
44.2 48.3 36.6 46.0
44.2 48.4 38.0 46.2
43.8 48.4 37.5 44.1
43.9 48.9 36.3 45.1
43.2 48.3 37.4 45.1
43.1 48.2 37.1 44.2
41.0 46.3 36.4 43.3
43.6 47.5 36.4 43.5
42.4 48.5 38.7

40.1 46.4 35.5 39.2
41.0 45.8 34.8 37.5
40.8 45.3 35.3 37.3
40.5 45.0 35.5 37.4
41.1 46.1 36.1 37.1
40.4 45.6 35.6 33.3
40.3 47.3 38.0 32.6
38.9 45.8 37.9 32.2
39.0 44.8 37.8 32.8
38.7 45.5 37.7 33.0
39.3 45.3 37.8 31.1
37.9 45.6 37.4 31.2
37.8 45.8 37.3 31.4

38.4 46.2 37.2 30.7
39.0 46.7 39.4 30.3
38.3 46.1 37.8 30.5
37.9 45.9 37.4 30.8
38.2 44.9 37.2 30.0
38.2 44.5 37.3 29.8
37.4 43.7 37.2 30.0
37.3 43.4 37.1 30.4
36.6 43.5 37.3 30.4
36.1 43.2 37.1 30.3
35.6 42.4 36.7 29.7
35.6 42.8 36.2 29.2
35.1 42.1 35.9 29.0
35.2 41.6 36.0 28.5
35.5 42.3 35.4 28.4
41.6 43.2 39.3 42.2

41.4 42.6 39.7 41.8
42.5 43.4 40.2 39.0
42.9 43.6 40.6 39.1
42.4 42.9 40.2 37.7
42.0 42.9 38.5 36.7
42.9 43.4 38.6 36.2
43.9 42.7 38.1 34.6
43.1 41.9 37.3 33.9
42.5 42.1 36.6 34.0
44.9 43.7 38.2 35.8
45.7 43.7 38.8 35.8
44.9 42.9 38.9 35.3
Labor income
Monthly labor income in nominal LCU
Gender Age
Argentina
1986 317 234 367 193
1987 662 498 762 396
1988 2,881 2,198 3,286 1,672
1991 4,752,447 3,874,506 5,288,386 3,003,090
1992 631 505 708 420
15 main cities
1992 591 471 665 389
1993 660 524 743 436
1994 691 568 765 448
1995 698 541 791 418
1996 678 535 764 393
1997 677 548 756 400
1998 720 562 821 403
28 main cities
1998 681 532 773 379
1999 636 513 718 357
2000 619 503 696 338
2001 590 488 658 304
2002 551 439 632 289
2003 598 485 675 311
EPHC
2003-II 660 538 742 345
2004-I 707 570 797 368
2004-II 728 578 825 386
2005-I 795 628 906 435
2005-II 901 733 1,013 502
2006-I 983 793 1,113 556
2006-II 1,087 881 1,230 596
2007-I 1,199 977 1,351 706
2007-II 1,366 1,083 1,558 780
2008-I 1,537 1,257 1,734 934
2008-II 1,703 1,412 1,906 1,018
2009-I 1,865 1,558 2,085 1,088
2009-II 2,006 1,710 2,218 1,180
2010-I 2,256 1,905 2,504 1,341
2010-II 2,570 2,126 2,881 1,524
2011-I 2,910 2,404 3,260 1,793
2011-II 3,277 2,764 3,634 1,933
2012-I 3,635 3,080 4,032 2,259
2012-II 4,001 3,424 4,404 2,409
2013-I 4,578 3,852 5,088 2,815
2013-II 5,134 4,276 5,745 3,144
2014-I 5,801 4,845 6,471 3,672
2014-II 6,678 5,557 7,478 4,041
2015-I 7,512 6,413 8,282 4,792
2016-II 11,820 10,157 13,040 7,168

2017-I 13,260 11,321 14,664 7,928
2017-II 15,038 12,889 16,622 8,817
2018-I 16,981 14,383 18,949 9,788
2018-II 18,802 15,989 20,954 10,946
2019-I 22,144 18,972 24,563 12,456
2019-II 27,041 23,024 30,106 15,026
2020-I 30,956 27,223 33,839 17,126
2020-II 34,041 29,966 37,121 18,606
2021-I 44,143 36,982 49,388 24,405
2021-II 55,506 46,583 62,358 30,097
Bolivia
Urban
1992 510 357 611 313
1993 656 448 804 369
1997 1,133 806 1,360 628
National
1997 1,020 737 1,182 615
1999 942 726 1,077 677
2000 982 785 1,100 656
2001 940 729 1,075 646
2002 988 781 1,110 662
2005 1,220 964 1,378 1,009
2006 1,341 994 1,555 914
2007 1,413 1,080 1,623 999
2008 1,714 1,286 1,987 1,249
2009 1,815 1,465 2,035 1,290
2011 2,249 1,775 2,536 1,701
2012 2,427 1,895 2,776 1,765
2013 2,731 2,193 3,072 1,988
2014 2,986 2,542 3,256 2,389
2015 2,962 2,502 3,227 2,245
2016 2,888 2,327 3,247 2,111
2017 2,947 2,479 3,235 2,242
2018 2,934 2,512 3,192 2,245
2019 3,124 2,544 3,504 2,190
2020 3,128 2,732 3,371 2,157
2021 3,132 2,602 3,463 2,288
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 24,121 14,849 28,183 13,099
1982 48,372 29,959 56,823 25,927
1983 99,476 60,028 118,232 49,943
1984 287,271 178,328 339,311 143,613
1985 955,499 634,147 1,114,007 521,702
Cruzado
1986 3,038 1,894 3,612 1,559
1987 8,892 5,746 10,518 4,577
1988 66,760 43,397 78,871 33,242
1989 1,044 674 1,239 510
1990 27,765 19,069 32,424 13,705
New PNAD
1992 1,240,382 955,555 1,399,992 764,676
Cruzeiro Real
1993 31,125 21,371 36,527 15,121
Real
1995 441 317 512 221
1996 511 383 585 252
1997 528 395 604 260
1998 542 411 618 269
1999 533 414 603 269
2001 602 472 683 304
2002 642 509 728 323
2003 699 549 795 356
2004 740 582 845 385
With Rural North
2004 737 580 841 384
2005 809 647 915 426
2006 891 717 1,009 459
2007 964 775 1,093 518
2008 1,049 845 1,189 564
2009 1,119 903 1,269 605
2011 1,359 1,120 1,527 764
2012 1,515 1,238 1,711 836
2013 1,694 1,398 1,907 929
2014 1,790 1,489 2,007 983
2015 1,869 1,575 2,079 1,029
PNADC
2012 1,490 1,224 1,675 821
2013 1,636 1,342 1,843 910
2014 1,792 1,485 2,008 965
2015 1,879 1,573 2,096 1,011
2016 2,050 1,746 2,269 1,078
2017 2,112 1,792 2,343 1,097
2018 2,236 1,928 2,462 1,122
2019 2,311 1,975 2,558 1,169
2020 2,468 2,119 2,714 1,224
2021 2,508 2,178 2,738 1,334
Chile
1990 87,503 62,558 99,498 47,316
1992 132,713 97,788 149,919 68,741
1996 223,389 167,742 253,461 111,633
1998 266,239 202,288 303,030 125,200
2000 246,315 187,944 279,514 136,299
2003 250,667 203,422 278,258 128,801
2006 285,411 231,861 318,428 161,305
2009 347,086 275,491 392,677 194,098
2011 371,464 303,748 418,169 226,649
2013 456,082 368,614 519,673 268,678
2015 507,681 415,001 578,506 296,076
2017 567,089 480,386 634,056 318,714
2020 664,175 566,751 746,778 311,644
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 375,026 336,429 401,018 246,320
2002 463,171 420,886 488,945 263,122
2003 463,683 411,468 495,813 279,193
2004 509,248 450,690 544,696 307,242
2005 550,171 498,857 581,191 337,169
GEIH-National
2008 744,853 655,897 800,515 461,742
2009 756,880 672,307 810,721 472,534
2010 809,532 706,166 877,043 495,844
2011 851,593 750,713 918,055 527,363
2012 875,086 756,035 955,082 550,791
2013 928,281 812,870 1,007,147 587,056
2014 995,290 876,066 1,077,290 632,558
2015 1,025,531 905,396 1,108,736 679,071
2016 1,064,025 950,087 1,143,338 707,988
2017 1,113,190 1,006,603 1,186,804 749,418
2018 1,167,927 1,070,640 1,234,541 771,207
2019 1,228,057 1,117,468 1,303,724 806,165
2020 1,183,075 1,133,759 1,213,835 786,535
2021 1,268,086 1,207,372 1,306,429 838,272
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 18,460 15,303 19,779 12,721
1990 22,113 18,223 23,710 16,080
1991 26,986 22,314 29,032 19,485
1992 33,964 28,513 36,267 24,204
1993 42,278 36,421 44,855 30,432
1994 50,696 41,574 54,570 34,894
1995 60,179 49,616 64,796 41,378
1996 69,340 59,968 73,243 47,780
1997 79,159 67,495 84,379 54,686
1998 94,093 77,456 101,818 63,619
1999 104,557 85,973 113,387 71,137
2000 116,409 98,605 124,635 79,266
2001 136,825 114,820 148,762 89,594
2002 146,550 125,847 157,558 94,324
2003 161,475 137,092 174,467 102,174
2004 170,570 147,433 182,330 111,402
2005 188,615 154,990 206,771 120,267
2006 219,902 181,908 241,134 142,635
2007 260,328 208,467 290,069 165,202
2008 305,252 248,668 338,779 196,646
2009 346,290 295,371 376,314 222,294
ENAHO
2010 357,030 311,981 384,925 227,877
2011 385,446 339,513 414,362 233,609
2012 407,681 364,008 435,116 255,833
2013 445,511 391,734 480,111 275,540
2014 454,228 400,476 487,657 285,168
2015 452,962 405,813 483,169 275,882
2016 461,106 406,401 496,815 280,739
2017 474,187 431,226 501,618 291,228
2018 472,774 434,337 497,854 305,337
2019 494,068 461,450 515,117 314,646
2020 473,989 469,810 476,510 311,555
2021 496,336 466,670 515,430 305,076
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 3,808 2,860 4,175 2,422
1997 4,623 3,907 4,931 3,435
ENFT 2
2000 5,647 4,586 6,177 3,403
2001 5,950 4,852 6,477 3,873
2002 5,946 5,052 6,395 3,743
2003 6,832 5,617 7,437 4,310
2004 8,300 6,758 9,076 5,397
2005 10,296 8,940 10,970 6,684
2006 11,413 9,649 12,356 7,165
2007 11,675 9,747 12,723 7,759
ENFT 4
2008 13,075 11,133 14,087 8,747
2009 13,918 11,783 15,048 8,925
2010 14,169 12,638 15,059 8,867
2011 14,753 12,737 15,964 9,261
2012 14,822 13,310 15,754 9,391
2013 16,499 14,972 17,402 10,466
2014 17,017 15,027 18,211 10,852
2015 19,208 17,011 20,557 12,632
2016 20,499 18,144 21,999 12,468
ECNFT
2016 18,212 15,563 19,872 12,264
2017 18,985 16,989 20,288 12,305
2018 21,358 19,061 22,821 13,218
2019 21,556 18,672 23,499 13,688
2020 19,500 17,456 20,786 13,119
2021 20,667 18,234 22,274 14,812
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 378,378 282,181 425,366 277,644
1995 548,354 436,558 610,618 372,119
1998 953,102 714,022 1,081,240 649,514
1999 1,380,058 997,511 1,601,524 865,966
Dollar
2006 305 237 345 184
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 216 180 236 149
2004 249 203 275 153
2005 251 207 276 163
2006 275 230 299 173
2007 305 241 341 186
2008 317 260 350 200
2009 311 257 341 211
2010 350 300 378 237
2011 370 312 402 264
2012 408 355 439 301
2013 451 379 492 325
2014 464 386 510 341
2015 484 405 531 348
2016 461 388 506 330
2017 467 400 508 324
2018 464 401 503 332
2019 451 398 483 320
2020 396 347 425 284
2021 413 353 450 289
El Salvador
Colon
2000 2,239 2,048 2,375 1,563
2001 2,161 1,974 2,291 1,475
2002 2,225 1,971 2,413 1,499
2003 2,260 2,016 2,461 1,566
Dollar
2004 252 235 264 186
2005 266 244 281 206
2006 275 260 286 196
2007 291 265 310 202
2008 294 270 310 206
2009 271 245 292 194
2010 269 247 286 201
2011 273 250 291 205
2012 277 248 300 203
2013 302 282 317 220
2014 297 275 313 224
2015 304 279 322 241
2016 300 275 318 229
2017 304 280 322 254
2018 327 297 349 268
2019 346 313 369 281
2020 377 357 390 290
2021 384 368 395 319
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 1,458 963 1,716 1,008
2006 2,203 1,668 2,501 1,476
2011 2,452 1,876 2,758 1,694
2014 2,509 2,076 2,726 1,816
ENEI
2002 1,541 1,158 1,766 1,161
2003 1,630 1,116 1,949 1,308
2004 1,480 1,030 1,764 1,228
Honduras
DGEC
1991 482 376 533 320
1992 567 430 637 367
1993 666 523 739 463
1994 908 721 998 585
1995 1,072 844 1,183 708
1996 1,195 938 1,335 782
1997 1,514 1,186 1,709 1,057
1998 1,986 1,573 2,233 1,439
1999 2,246 1,847 2,497 1,552
INE
2001 3,050 2,763 3,212 1,939
2002 3,100 2,736 3,280 2,012
2003 3,199 2,953 3,324 2,043
2004 3,476 3,032 3,706 2,282
2005 3,454 3,201 3,600 2,350
2006 3,976 3,542 4,220 2,656
2007 4,540 4,034 4,808 2,918
2008 5,317 4,562 5,742 3,416
2009 5,249 4,780 5,512 3,472
2010 5,411 5,045 5,618 3,637
2012 5,622 5,259 5,820 4,030
2013 5,401 5,208 5,514 4,070
2014 5,835 5,659 5,938 4,073
2015 5,917 5,534 6,146 4,080
2016 6,377 6,134 6,523 4,452
2017 6,282 5,846 6,547 4,567
2018 6,253 5,968 6,432 4,744
2019 7,040 6,715 7,236 5,134
Mexico
Peso
1989 588,363 421,389 654,518 377,401
1992 1,151,814 788,104 1,302,996 668,872
New Peso
1994 1,293 925 1,460 775
1996 1,695 1,250 1,909 998
1998 2,462 1,806 2,795 1,429
2000 3,614 2,629 4,106 2,144
2002 3,905 2,984 4,428 2,327
2004 4,417 3,407 5,005 2,669
2005 4,734 3,543 5,434 2,826
2006 4,933 3,763 5,675 2,981
2008 5,589 4,387 6,287 3,492
2010 5,527 4,489 6,131 3,496
2012 6,001 4,751 6,795 3,776
2014 6,475 5,221 7,252 3,803
New Methodology
2016 7,053 5,471 8,111 3,867
2018 7,577 6,127 8,551 4,489
2020 7,518 6,210 8,388 4,550
Nicaragua
1993 825 861 806 550
1998 1,352 1,137 1,459 833
2001 2,259 2,009 2,395 1,460
2005 2,810 2,378 3,050 1,817
2009 4,216 3,722 4,507 3,029
2014 7,117 6,087 7,750 5,135
Panama
1989 329 281 359 161
1991 344 307 367 167
1995 383 323 417 208
1997 386 330 419 216
1998 388 341 415 219
1999 400 355 427 241
2000 419 388 435 248
2001 379 368 384 220
2002 381 361 392 211
2003 381 353 396 210
2004 382 349 400 220
2005 375 343 392 213
2006 388 355 406 231
2007 408 376 426 257
2008 458 412 484 296
2009 480 444 501 314
2010 502 471 520 344
2011 590 559 608 391
2012 642 607 663 422
2013 674 614 711 444
2014 697 647 729 467
2015 761 699 801 506
2016 784 734 816 501
2017 796 770 812 521
2018 822 769 858 507
2019 840 765 892 497
2021 818 833 808 423
Paraguay
1995 624,743 476,615 708,806 399,649
1997 751,997 624,178 823,478 496,427
1999 803,493 654,871 893,676 525,655
2001 849,082 669,658 963,993 524,029
2002 920,494 617,491 1,105,022 530,622
2003 1,011,812 774,623 1,160,607 618,782
2004 1,012,843 763,296 1,177,361 643,183
2005 1,140,284 867,744 1,318,506 673,875
2006 1,194,907 926,142 1,363,696 785,851
2007 1,410,098 1,035,012 1,650,437 957,702
2008 1,498,363 1,177,809 1,693,561 933,622
2009 1,483,958 1,168,465 1,681,976 977,724
2010 1,754,619 1,391,273 1,978,309 1,110,321
2011 2,068,588 1,580,882 2,389,162 1,325,362
2012 1,890,342 1,522,420 2,148,112 1,335,337
2013 2,249,370 1,853,911 2,526,337 1,390,157
2014 2,558,821 1,890,467 2,997,571 1,578,269
2015 2,436,483 2,018,975 2,701,987 1,567,179
2016 2,383,429 1,956,239 2,654,717 1,565,082
2017 2,599,241 2,090,396 2,919,732 1,640,074
2018 2,639,373 2,210,311 2,912,978 1,718,040
2019 2,695,427 2,268,756 2,980,995 1,722,569
2020 2,443,511 2,088,007 2,675,359 1,655,219
2021 2,627,022 2,306,132 2,837,018 1,746,093
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 550 413 638 371
1998 585 440 679 398
1999 597 473 679 416
2000 539 419 617 353
ENAHO 2
2001 560 465 620 372
2002 630 528 694 376
2003 582 451 666 373
ENAHO 3
2003 642 498 734 389
2004 603 462 691 381
2005 592 482 663 368
2006 639 505 726 401
2007 711 568 811 423
2008 775 594 903 499
2009 832 638 969 543
2010 860 642 1,017 563
2011 927 708 1,085 630
2012 992 772 1,150 686
2013 1,025 810 1,180 743
2014 1,057 838 1,218 749
2015 1,125 901 1,287 792
2016 1,187 943 1,365 837
2017 1,184 952 1,359 855
2018 1,217 978 1,400 856
2019 1,249 1,027 1,419 853
2020 1,108 962 1,207 826
2021 1,169 969 1,321 873
Uruguay
Urban
1989 149 102 179 80
1992 785 551 939 431
1995 2,687 2,007 3,144 1,482
1996 3,592 2,717 4,210 1,979
1997 4,459 3,399 5,172 2,457
1998 5,599 4,198 6,571 2,901
2000 6,081 4,783 7,008 3,167
2001 6,514 5,266 7,446 3,019
2002 6,001 4,945 6,785 2,700
2003 6,304 5,180 7,157 2,672
2004 6,910 5,522 7,938 2,886
2005 7,483 6,117 8,552 3,321
2006 8,573 6,827 9,963 3,819
National
2006 8,424 6,663 9,736 3,840
2007 9,535 7,581 11,025 4,367
2008 11,091 8,610 13,066 5,282
2009 12,973 10,263 15,072 6,239
2010 13,650 10,919 15,773 6,676
2011 15,446 12,665 17,623 8,099
2012 16,740 14,027 18,926 9,369
2013 18,844 15,646 21,336 10,568
2014 21,171 17,577 23,996 11,950
2015 23,437 19,610 26,469 12,931
2016 25,277 21,388 28,395 13,938
2017 28,281 24,161 31,597 14,953
2018 29,737 25,660 33,032 15,522
2019 31,639 27,343 35,122 16,219
2020 33,022 29,233 36,082 16,720
New Methodology
2021-II 35,365 30,795 39,151 17,504
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 5,506 4,209 6,245 3,745
1992 13,283 10,358 15,062 9,232
1995 47,297 40,741 50,432 33,994
1997 132,154 112,545 142,763 86,611
1998 172,048 138,830 190,729 114,189
1999 186,978 158,319 202,991 126,627
2000 196,319 169,812 211,288 140,786
2001 232,764 201,585 251,906 156,585
2002 262,641 229,627 283,349 174,663
2003 286,499 248,660 310,336 190,798
2004 380,582 335,268 409,202 269,473
2005 524,256 458,675 565,651 379,277
2006 713,139 624,464 768,392 521,288
Age Education Area

(25-64) (65 +) Low Mid High Rural Urban
348 248 235 323 531 317

733 491 467 653 1,144 662
3,222 2,324 1,918 2,994 5,059 2,881
5,254,935 4,674,130 3,396,409 4,678,374 7,831,996 4,752,447
696 470 475 602 1,003 631
650 438 442 565 918 591

723 504 478 631 1,038 660
756 569 480 668 1,107 691
767 567 456 664 1,264 698
746 647 430 643 1,220 678
743 620 435 640 1,196 677
786 848 434 657 1,327 720
743 787 415 632 1,249 681

698 612 394 589 1,141 636
679 542 379 570 1,093 619
648 530 345 541 1,046 590
600 494 309 494 1,021 551
647 623 348 533 1,026 598
716 674 393 576 1,107 660

770 666 430 615 1,180 707
792 685 434 641 1,201 728
863 701 492 693 1,303 795
975 871 528 786 1,488 901
1,071 749 622 866 1,546 983
1,185 914 663 960 1,727 1,087
1,292 1,082 773 1,052 1,858 1,199
1,485 1,187 849 1,219 2,112 1,366
1,649 1,342 1,005 1,369 2,310 1,537
1,833 1,487 1,096 1,536 2,543 1,703
2,008 1,591 1,184 1,640 2,822 1,865
2,148 1,780 1,287 1,781 3,003 2,006
2,407 2,134 1,454 1,996 3,298 2,256
2,736 2,620 1,702 2,231 3,796 2,570
3,090 2,786 1,912 2,583 4,206 2,910
3,495 3,016 2,169 2,858 4,763 3,277
3,859 3,315 2,483 3,244 5,149 3,635
4,273 3,570 2,724 3,565 5,632 4,001
4,864 4,202 3,074 4,005 6,482 4,578
5,451 4,587 3,500 4,556 7,204 5,134
6,139 5,350 4,067 5,143 8,118 5,801
7,028 7,512 4,494 5,917 9,460 6,678
7,923 7,307 5,287 6,695 10,441 7,512
12,448 12,209 7,847 10,155 17,044 11,820

14,059 12,561 8,892 11,592 18,660 13,260
16,020 13,680 10,334 13,004 21,066 15,038
17,894 18,525 11,292 14,524 23,935 16,981
19,842 19,501 12,181 16,121 26,626 18,802
23,539 19,833 14,339 18,657 31,556 22,144
28,602 26,655 16,855 22,458 38,705 27,041
32,654 28,681 19,910 25,755 43,939 30,956
35,769 33,881 21,476 28,279 48,042 34,041
46,365 50,641 27,721 36,450 61,347 44,143
58,810 49,878 35,901 46,120 76,709 55,506
574 454 361 485 918 510

759 618 384 584 1,271 656
1,272 1,110 760 1,009 2,133 1,133
1,142 737 691 1,029 2,086 720 1,133

1,060 360 553 1,093 2,029 394 1,190
1,097 511 572 927 2,469 469 1,191
1,063 484 571 936 2,153 509 1,140
1,117 398 607 1,045 2,406 512 1,193
1,338 524 732 1,202 2,750 641 1,473
1,498 577 807 1,220 2,805 741 1,595
1,582 682 865 1,337 2,790 884 1,631
1,891 881 1,236 1,693 2,930 1,242 1,915
2,020 812 1,419 1,836 2,615 1,252 2,042
2,439 1,503 1,796 2,240 3,084 1,863 2,402
2,656 1,348 1,831 2,375 3,516 1,902 2,634
3,003 1,448 1,918 2,624 3,976 1,902 3,062
3,236 1,659 2,280 2,968 4,367 2,179 3,301
3,218 1,580 2,364 2,904 4,122 2,178 3,283
3,182 1,701 1,995 2,833 4,500 2,059 3,225
3,224 1,445 2,099 2,869 4,364 2,029 3,332
3,168 1,619 2,095 2,854 4,302 1,980 3,316
3,403 1,888 2,243 2,905 4,592 2,424 3,410
3,379 2,043 2,058 3,044 4,539 2,009 3,570
3,351 1,858 2,246 2,944 4,422 2,518 3,372
29,995 21,190 17,266 37,142 85,811 13,825 27,215

60,247 39,642 33,700 74,926 197,307 26,037 54,982
124,324 97,935 69,152 151,559 389,084 55,462 112,942
358,847 245,448 199,076 421,330 1,079,522 174,550 319,860
1,181,601 761,980 687,352 1,435,408 3,255,999 597,076 1,055,412
3,806 2,809 2,113 4,163 11,246 1,832 3,371

11,006 8,513 5,891 12,816 33,152 4,953 9,972
83,205 46,693 42,112 95,993 258,194 36,120 75,333
1,289 1,066 668 1,474 3,860 579 1,165

33,970 27,326 17,878 38,892 101,222 14,946 31,328
1,452,739 917,485 911,884 1,791,052 3,423,382 769,690 1,341,672
37,409 28,800 19,976 41,892 113,254 18,507 33,819
523 393 278 575 1,591 233 484

603 484 325 638 1,768 281 558
619 504 327 666 1,805 282 579
631 535 327 644 1,897 294 593
617 541 328 618 1,838 304 581
693 646 361 663 2,049 322 645
739 640 380 690 2,142 341 688
798 733 422 727 2,221 415 742
842 756 447 755 2,297 446 783
839 753 448 755 2,300 462 783

918 829 488 810 2,465 487 863
1,010 888 535 869 2,621 539 948
1,079 1,054 596 918 2,697 612 1,019
1,172 1,098 648 987 2,820 667 1,107
1,246 1,092 678 1,037 2,920 714 1,180
1,490 1,581 854 1,221 3,335 857 1,427
1,653 2,008 947 1,351 3,625 970 1,587
1,846 2,126 1,049 1,460 3,958 1,091 1,770
1,942 2,284 1,123 1,546 4,079 1,164 1,872
2,010 2,309 1,156 1,585 4,185 1,196 1,961
1,638 1,802 902 1,306 3,555 908 1,567

1,792 1,907 992 1,411 3,857 998 1,722
1,958 2,190 1,084 1,491 4,152 1,126 1,878
2,045 2,214 1,130 1,552 4,252 1,174 1,972
2,209 2,587 1,183 1,626 4,657 1,257 2,153
2,276 2,749 1,233 1,688 4,644 1,295 2,213
2,407 2,932 1,273 1,752 4,795 1,372 2,342
2,495 2,818 1,296 1,783 4,939 1,403 2,418
2,634 3,233 1,371 1,832 5,011 1,505 2,584
2,655 3,622 1,399 1,866 5,001 1,592 2,620
96,136 101,541 56,159 82,005 182,286 76,860 89,950

147,100 142,773 82,164 119,231 173,643 98,063 139,250
245,286 228,704 118,049 196,147 505,240 123,637 242,002
290,575 271,678 132,307 217,298 595,677 151,585 284,709
263,101 219,683 121,056 188,627 556,341 163,167 257,584

267,346 292,874 128,473 190,577 547,178 166,741 261,583
306,558 250,639 158,005 222,389 581,946 214,753 294,262
369,169 359,088 186,725 257,654 688,221 254,796 359,098
397,054 304,206 198,147 279,616 737,210 288,613 382,351
488,912 345,099 245,920 338,470 832,104 341,225 470,890
538,264 459,823 278,347 368,955 890,839 402,043 521,270
601,295 495,421 303,425 398,678 960,161 488,087 577,107
698,465 570,867 320,257 419,813 1,014,404 581,163 673,306
415,584 275,878 223,549 359,863 1,143,632 213,536 431,213

522,485 337,113 255,113 440,591 1,355,096 274,066 523,311
517,880 337,729 269,148 439,799 1,271,750 267,086 526,293
567,244 344,354 285,050 463,142 1,414,672 272,767 580,760
607,106 452,809 310,384 503,723 1,446,800 289,274 629,948
813,494 544,906 437,648 652,470 1,766,788 441,956 821,385

831,569 491,381 447,891 678,910 1,884,442 446,567 841,336
889,707 558,616 474,385 706,505 2,016,866 477,502 899,300
937,049 581,898 505,861 735,705 2,078,497 511,167 941,257
965,112 554,603 520,873 771,832 2,091,307 524,616 966,506
1,020,790 584,873 540,414 794,367 2,162,287 546,330 1,026,107
1,093,016 644,253 570,534 839,281 2,302,611 591,512 1,096,083
1,120,466 662,543 607,878 879,528 2,316,185 627,953 1,125,110
1,161,647 673,010 628,133 899,964 2,371,562 683,555 1,161,188
1,209,116 739,307 667,085 937,239 2,411,772 736,675 1,208,901
1,266,673 796,065 689,859 966,944 2,525,951 732,369 1,278,351
1,333,531 782,047 705,658 1,003,752 2,667,160 759,195 1,344,479
1,270,788 851,900 659,318 943,409 2,553,053 758,022 1,297,551
1,358,140 1,000,359 729,713 1,009,174 2,695,679 832,252 1,378,674
21,270 11,303 14,336 22,265 41,311 15,793 21,661

25,186 14,103 16,986 25,767 50,667 19,061 25,691
30,424 14,348 20,562 31,631 65,708 23,835 30,847
38,236 21,308 25,911 38,586 78,351 29,492 39,541
47,431 26,393 32,238 46,136 93,094 36,929 48,783
57,267 36,595 37,705 59,680 111,278 43,472 59,142
68,570 34,416 44,170 65,776 135,273 53,267 68,166
77,456 50,388 51,925 76,588 146,904 60,644 79,745
88,672 54,349 59,076 85,716 171,706 68,250 92,534
105,676 63,277 69,245 100,065 196,101 81,843 109,135
116,611 77,970 76,246 112,501 229,063 92,520 117,160
130,112 82,055 84,928 126,050 253,488 98,858 134,226
153,881 85,598 90,383 142,664 308,017 110,080 153,643
164,239 94,616 96,013 150,243 326,981 118,467 164,481
181,406 104,494 106,808 157,008 346,858 130,195 180,737
188,897 108,631 112,308 169,812 362,277 140,545 188,701
208,537 142,887 127,284 183,885 387,873 158,399 207,269
244,911 110,954 142,956 212,029 458,937 186,022 240,687
291,399 167,670 169,999 243,815 545,436 217,341 286,736
336,391 248,536 199,168 277,806 627,867 259,863 333,597
376,755 308,846 211,053 315,726 706,037 290,934 380,352
387,130 278,062 219,974 340,678 695,438 309,913 371,599

419,150 319,235 237,210 344,076 777,547 313,870 407,773
431,372 583,913 238,851 371,839 797,125 330,950 431,540
475,671 463,233 252,314 397,356 889,475 346,565 476,246
484,958 399,370 263,044 390,577 918,655 362,766 483,090
487,701 327,798 270,029 389,748 937,220 384,809 474,962
497,048 331,587 277,447 392,460 989,761 364,614 492,283
509,057 360,396 283,534 407,210 973,749 388,562 501,865
504,896 333,254 282,042 402,196 852,805 385,836 500,906
525,538 354,221 294,107 411,706 885,818 411,437 520,720
499,355 308,555 274,085 379,498 830,682 408,464 495,972
526,353 351,529 288,986 390,890 911,877 392,234 530,982
4,298 4,131 3,093 3,642 6,838 3,303 4,225

5,134 3,606 3,820 4,829 8,601 3,925 5,080
6,379 5,019 4,221 5,123 11,835 4,462 6,278

6,655 4,554 4,461 5,940 11,831 4,593 6,640
6,649 4,469 4,224 5,821 12,026 4,294 6,812
7,540 5,771 4,862 6,191 13,768 5,302 7,601
9,234 6,456 6,087 7,730 15,979 6,549 9,130
11,343 8,320 7,568 9,598 20,022 8,496 11,109
12,572 10,017 7,991 10,528 22,954 8,853 12,478
12,801 8,628 8,334 10,836 22,108 9,480 12,567
14,365 9,448 9,053 11,909 24,660 9,603 14,415

15,274 10,629 9,481 12,434 27,081 10,241 15,220
15,637 9,867 9,958 12,335 27,377 11,144 15,180
16,370 11,237 10,248 13,122 29,013 11,720 15,734
16,278 10,438 10,621 12,319 28,267 11,686 15,754
17,998 14,259 11,004 14,306 31,233 12,370 17,649
18,361 15,747 13,009 14,646 28,721 13,412 17,969
20,757 16,663 13,947 15,630 35,219 14,961 20,281
21,877 24,869 14,676 16,313 36,965 16,191 21,578
19,712 15,086 14,500 16,330 29,704 15,888 18,809

20,620 15,164 14,408 16,758 32,931 17,044 19,464
23,061 19,389 14,950 18,042 40,008 17,850 22,182
22,999 21,587 15,842 18,524 37,895 18,684 22,198
20,538 19,526 15,152 16,597 33,703 17,337 19,973
22,010 17,676 16,371 18,278 32,901 19,082 20,995
429,904 288,306 274,181 409,557 845,635 273,589 455,094

635,683 297,700 384,151 640,368 1,098,985 327,524 649,899
1,110,961 524,509 594,524 1,088,547 2,197,053 608,143 1,167,058
1,552,379 1,540,810 1,023,419 1,306,339 2,860,212 1,183,188 1,483,597
350 184 172 307 704 178 362
244 146 139 218 454 145 248

281 177 155 245 530 154 291
281 193 162 245 517 165 289
307 231 180 267 552 188 312
341 233 194 292 635 199 352
349 271 213 316 592 223 357
342 241 217 304 579 225 348
382 273 241 322 647 251 393
401 267 262 364 621 277 410
443 281 283 410 679 305 454
486 308 299 418 826 338 500
498 306 333 439 810 393 495
521 308 341 441 848 417 512
494 296 323 420 822 386 493
504 286 333 435 792 384 501
500 303 325 432 813 367 505
485 294 319 418 776 352 492
425 268 271 360 741 323 426
445 270 279 374 741 328 448
2,454 2,282 1,476 2,630 5,802 1,332 2,735

2,440 1,455 1,454 2,458 5,552 1,346 2,623
2,464 1,868 1,458 2,452 5,878 1,340 2,723
2,534 1,563 1,622 2,459 5,095 1,586 2,581
281 136 181 279 581 176 297

292 148 181 294 590 188 309
306 153 188 285 683 192 323
324 171 200 294 705 194 337
327 183 193 302 731 196 337
305 138 176 297 665 181 316
300 139 182 296 617 186 311
303 154 188 290 641 194 315
311 138 190 294 628 199 318
333 189 207 302 700 213 348
330 152 200 311 650 215 339
335 163 209 319 638 227 345
331 159 202 328 609 217 345
334 141 210 333 623 232 347
358 175 223 350 619 250 370
380 174 234 364 679 263 392
407 265 266 375 726 295 422
410 244 279 398 670 315 422
1,721 1,047 1,074 2,081 5,338 1,150 1,825

2,507 2,436 1,518 3,094 7,341 1,550 2,712
2,852 1,313 1,693 3,609 6,677 1,753 2,999
2,856 1,715 1,770 3,384 7,423 1,914 2,976
1,759 1,051 1,089 2,331 5,930 1,062 2,170

1,871 823 1,183 2,502 5,712 1,228 2,167
1,657 870 1,112 2,352 4,744 1,117 1,829
551 461 377 742 1,679 395 575

663 461 420 897 2,023 424 707
778 495 505 1,060 2,329 496 835
1,052 925 702 1,346 3,269 760 1,059
1,264 880 833 1,547 3,972 898 1,238
1,411 989 903 1,729 4,199 865 1,485
1,770 1,241 1,197 2,051 5,004 1,227 1,758
2,283 1,811 1,602 2,687 6,039 1,623 2,302
2,665 1,771 1,804 2,984 6,981 1,806 2,616
3,589 2,171 2,243 4,527 10,004 2,201 3,811

3,611 2,734 2,283 4,652 11,091 2,306 3,812
3,750 2,322 2,355 5,010 11,797 2,159 4,226
4,054 2,417 2,445 5,225 11,396 2,583 4,293
4,018 2,620 2,404 5,097 12,853 2,514 4,337
4,590 3,012 2,756 5,763 13,962 2,661 5,211
5,297 3,294 3,174 6,505 15,411 3,075 6,017
6,116 4,983 3,843 6,947 16,685 4,003 6,610
6,071 4,201 3,736 7,314 16,883 3,601 6,956
6,254 3,811 3,833 6,918 17,360 3,866 7,015
6,239 5,463 4,060 7,139 17,313 4,139 7,144
6,112 3,449 3,746 7,076 16,110 3,749 7,066
6,660 4,242 3,970 7,457 18,062 3,766 7,509
6,752 4,401 4,020 7,660 17,743 4,104 7,300
7,250 4,182 4,399 7,570 17,339 4,454 7,745
6,935 5,708 4,387 7,760 17,779 3,994 7,999
6,976 4,588 4,264 7,923 15,943 3,901 7,914
7,910 4,526 4,705 8,340 17,464 4,571 8,737
673,751 487,491 448,493 586,983 1,307,393 427,916 667,535
1,327,183 1,329,552 789,714 1,151,254 2,941,584 708,275 1,284,043
1,522 848 805 1,294 3,619 659 1,485

1,940 1,065 1,033 1,731 4,341 937 1,925
2,837 2,132 1,506 2,547 6,280 1,311 2,806
4,127 2,244 2,104 3,504 8,599 1,837 4,102
4,445 2,692 2,260 3,913 9,706 2,242 4,370
4,997 2,771 2,676 4,167 10,077 2,723 4,840
5,355 3,167 2,781 4,392 10,985 2,987 5,162
5,578 3,343 2,865 4,558 11,433 3,183 5,383
6,412 3,739 3,321 5,199 12,664 3,341 6,122
6,241 3,710 3,255 4,924 11,875 3,806 5,933
6,867 3,658 3,417 5,342 13,554 3,877 6,540
7,375 4,393 3,401 5,517 14,612 3,999 7,130
7,800 9,233 3,803 5,848 15,748 4,272 7,798

8,614 4,998 4,315 6,619 14,852 5,010 8,336
8,463 5,436 4,571 6,588 13,633 5,479 8,112
996 596 671 1,190 2,250 505 1,078

1,703 919 1,011 1,742 5,049 986 1,659
2,617 1,455 1,668 2,331 6,147 1,610 2,624
3,152 3,123 2,169 2,982 7,178 2,253 3,155
4,648 3,405 3,530 4,089 8,603 3,749 4,492
7,797 5,654 5,583 6,850 13,973 5,873 7,858
373 247 196 319 657 226 378

390 262 207 319 686 250 388
432 274 217 352 788 244 440
427 399 209 349 771 251 438
431 377 218 345 787 250 443
442 392 222 364 779 274 451
458 441 228 369 853 272 491
419 244 205 357 825 215 462
426 229 199 355 853 220 466
427 207 199 350 822 216 467
427 206 196 347 804 218 465
418 224 188 351 790 211 459
431 218 200 348 800 221 470
451 229 219 370 816 248 484
506 290 240 417 888 286 537
528 258 250 439 914 289 568
547 277 258 456 956 295 597
638 362 310 508 1,085 348 686
703 341 317 544 1,182 371 748
741 378 326 587 1,248 393 786
757 421 351 612 1,229 411 808
818 564 373 634 1,359 434 884
853 510 368 662 1,398 436 911
865 489 398 648 1,438 487 906
903 507 413 684 1,489 503 940
925 480 410 670 1,517 518 958
876 790 358 615 1,528 501 936
725,991 410,334 436,359 845,756 1,662,718 428,854 761,487

868,597 443,012 499,316 967,999 2,067,785 482,603 921,464
884,817 897,618 571,137 966,241 1,985,765 585,902 948,173
990,005 540,314 551,922 1,065,333 2,173,651 580,804 1,036,825
1,084,470 539,699 769,374 923,505 1,957,316 860,100 962,270
1,165,375 707,895 721,656 1,049,538 2,421,602 868,961 1,111,325
1,171,671 660,969 765,710 1,129,608 2,194,318 870,861 1,112,031
1,308,202 868,862 803,208 1,221,869 2,339,156 950,153 1,269,892
1,347,913 1,002,127 826,245 1,311,958 2,511,654 908,699 1,386,305
1,606,194 828,925 1,048,933 1,546,030 2,576,645 1,293,976 1,483,718
1,713,566 1,229,909 1,078,593 1,601,886 2,729,626 1,341,156 1,592,810
1,641,588 1,882,893 1,133,271 1,518,227 2,657,514 1,299,579 1,594,643
1,987,977 1,170,121 1,330,514 1,876,711 2,980,675 1,419,782 1,949,711
2,332,846 1,363,013 1,553,690 2,052,346 3,444,627 1,756,321 2,249,633
2,115,532 1,182,132 1,339,593 1,892,541 3,473,618 1,410,826 2,172,575
2,538,645 1,759,187 1,531,815 2,115,066 4,015,672 1,765,798 2,536,748
2,794,435 3,558,168 1,966,178 2,449,585 4,004,736 2,294,872 2,706,679
2,727,383 1,796,296 1,636,696 2,394,176 4,009,019 1,814,331 2,773,661
2,661,807 1,560,014 1,686,094 2,226,220 4,051,575 1,892,782 2,638,417
2,887,643 2,263,983 1,871,672 2,376,841 4,315,014 2,244,298 2,778,743
2,934,479 2,115,189 1,781,847 2,550,443 4,265,690 2,222,904 2,851,439
3,028,546 1,537,889 1,795,583 2,540,906 4,271,684 2,251,409 2,917,090
2,690,263 1,721,298 1,676,736 2,194,261 3,915,173 1,987,091 2,676,400
2,910,062 1,806,614 1,914,056 2,274,611 4,173,490 2,198,271 2,840,144
620 343 346 595 1,287 286 656

661 333 333 597 1,181 313 701
679 297 336 565 1,299 289 724
609 346 329 549 1,046 268 660
633 290 339 562 1,072 269 670

714 367 351 575 1,302 275 756
646 432 329 577 1,155 252 692
727 366 328 566 1,418 261 772

681 334 349 584 1,135 293 709
669 337 347 592 1,080 286 699
719 406 371 604 1,191 306 745
809 402 396 655 1,313 339 827
877 442 448 731 1,369 404 888
942 447 499 774 1,443 443 950
974 465 524 848 1,399 484 969
1,040 545 578 905 1,475 538 1,038
1,115 556 606 962 1,561 558 1,114
1,141 561 629 1,001 1,602 574 1,147
1,175 603 631 1,029 1,699 579 1,188
1,244 660 680 1,090 1,794 612 1,259
1,313 653 706 1,137 1,900 616 1,334
1,303 693 685 1,149 1,899 604 1,329
1,345 726 715 1,167 1,931 649 1,356
1,381 772 757 1,177 1,952 694 1,383
1,195 757 664 1,015 1,827 629 1,236
1,272 745 781 1,082 1,855 757 1,271
163 163 121 161 277 149

869 806 625 871 1,299 785
2,987 2,916 2,046 2,977 4,547 2,687
4,002 3,553 2,717 3,935 6,026 3,592
4,971 4,226 3,281 4,931 7,801 4,459
6,222 6,138 4,093 6,047 9,702 5,599
6,703 6,581 4,404 6,462 10,822 6,081
7,211 6,001 4,040 6,235 12,476 6,514
6,536 6,063 3,687 5,656 11,341 6,001
6,845 6,403 3,776 5,880 12,200 6,304
7,600 6,210 3,984 6,384 13,309 6,910
8,223 6,683 4,354 6,915 14,165 7,483
9,388 7,853 5,082 8,196 16,112 8,573
9,192 8,163 5,373 8,183 16,025 8,753 8,401

10,441 8,915 5,995 9,274 18,254 9,425 9,543
12,187 9,481 7,150 10,943 21,473 11,801 11,040
14,248 10,958 8,136 12,787 24,538 12,898 12,979
14,997 11,658 8,856 13,309 26,166 14,936 13,565
16,865 13,098 10,292 15,015 26,478 15,197 15,469
18,222 13,260 11,529 16,101 27,643 16,450 16,760
20,350 17,021 12,781 18,178 31,440 19,360 18,812
22,920 17,117 14,450 20,142 35,361 20,742 21,197
25,279 20,391 16,003 22,196 38,756 23,688 23,421
27,310 19,541 16,944 23,756 42,538 24,906 25,300
30,550 22,393 18,752 26,293 47,022 26,899 28,365
32,094 24,104 19,597 27,270 49,384 27,722 29,859
33,988 26,922 20,676 28,990 51,936 29,750 31,752
35,020 30,946 21,313 29,087 55,261 31,305 33,117
37,469 38,229 22,705 30,736 58,128 35,060 35,382
6,141 4,703 4,339 6,247 10,988 5,058 7,129

14,750 10,641 10,318 14,372 26,372 12,185 18,085
51,509 36,345 35,653 51,209 88,974 43,303 63,490
146,236 107,145 93,763 133,584 256,572 117,907 196,272
189,464 146,593 125,602 175,253 330,431 155,601 247,207
204,852 151,536 136,723 189,134 351,997 168,349 268,529
211,999 170,686 154,203 202,755 331,060 184,201 258,404
256,026 177,411 165,066 237,548 441,395 231,163 255,015
288,183 192,146 181,816 269,654 504,494 248,979 340,817
313,923 217,946 204,817 295,428 528,202 255,371 323,477
412,827 293,060 280,083 392,829 660,628
563,306 457,053 385,333 529,997 890,465
767,047 542,100 534,310 701,961 1,162,112
Labor income
A firm is considered small when it employs less than 5 workers; it's considered large when there are 5 or more employees
Type of work
Entrepreneurs Wage earners Self-employed
Argentina
1986 764 308 355
1987 684 660 680
1988 6,075 2,886 2,958
1991 11,588,894 4,667,607 5,199,656
1992 783 613 727
15 main cities
1992 766 578 656
1993 605 666 664
1994 372 691 724
1995 1,877 663 650
1996 1,861 653 637
1997 1,723 655 627
1998 1,986 691 670
28 main cities
1998 1,879 654 626
1999 1,626 628 553
2000 1,454 623 529
2001 1,433 603 472
2002 1,663 553 448
2003 1,596 610 484
EPHC
2003-II 1,427 666 577
2004-I 1,398 713 632
2004-II 1,407 731 654
2005-I 1,715 797 685
2005-II 2,054 893 766
2006-I 2,093 988 836
2006-II 2,327 1,091 892
2007-I 2,259 1,206 1,007
2007-II 2,690 1,346 1,202
2008-I 2,511 1,553 1,327
2008-II 2,895 1,734 1,397
2009-I 3,239 1,884 1,576
2009-II 3,454 2,063 1,622
2010-I 3,694 2,291 1,923
2010-II 4,237 2,613 2,150
2011-I 4,558 2,967 2,401
2011-II 4,564 3,422 2,538
2012-I 5,027 3,791 2,907
2012-II 5,232 4,179 3,235
2013-I 6,856 4,763 3,668
2013-II 7,376 5,345 4,049
2014-I 8,046 6,115 4,509
2014-II 9,854 6,967 5,367
2015-I 10,215 7,895 5,952
2016-II 17,333 12,419 9,290

2017-I 19,535 14,011 10,146
2017-II 21,034 15,724 12,263
2018-I 27,279 17,862 13,003
2018-II 29,015 19,790 14,547
2019-I 37,073 23,323 17,107
2019-II 44,611 28,430 21,285
2020-I 46,052 34,298 21,439
2020-II 47,585 38,190 23,083
2021-I 62,708 48,306 32,191
2021-II 106,734 57,615 42,841
Bolivia
Urban
1992 1,341 483 451
1993 1,667 631 502
1997 2,784 1,079 882
National
1997 2,730 1,033 731
1999 2,362 1,242 611
2000 2,152 1,406 579
2001 2,246 1,232 602
2002 1,629 1,277 671
2005 2,940 1,436 773
2006 2,366 1,717 831
2007 3,049 1,661 880
2008 3,023 1,936 1,272
2009 3,966 2,001 1,311
2011 3,917 2,422 1,825
2012 4,192 2,683 1,852
2013 4,922 3,141 2,040
2014 4,903 3,204 2,391
2015 4,502 3,289 2,511
2016 4,508 3,404 2,186
2017 5,385 3,513 2,251
2018 4,940 3,660 2,248
2019 4,978 3,758 2,462
2020 6,037 3,723 2,517
2021 5,319 3,719 2,534
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 78,862 22,990 19,696
1982 159,732 46,510 37,432
1983 369,082 91,244 85,800
1984 1,023,876 265,474 243,893
1985 2,928,902 901,363 852,116
Cruzado
1986 13,010 2,576 2,935
1987 32,011 8,041 7,903
1988 234,513 62,811 54,063
1989 4,026 891 928
1990 95,013 24,402 23,832
New PNAD
1992 2,942,457 1,198,847 1,090,707
Cruzeiro Real
1993 106,077 27,983 27,735
Real
1995 1,568 386 393
1996 1,865 440 487
1997 1,843 463 471
1998 1,833 486 463
1999 1,762 481 455
2001 1,963 544 514
2002 2,105 587 526
2003 2,283 638 579
2004 2,403 678 613
With Rural North
2004 2,393 676 611
2005 2,574 746 649
2006 2,881 818 706
2007 3,016 890 833
2008 3,145 972 847
2009 3,331 1,049 891
2011 4,228 1,268 1,210
2012 4,668 1,394 1,367
2013 5,427 1,566 1,463
2014 5,440 1,664 1,565
2015 5,349 1,790 1,544
PNADC
2012 4,375 1,416 1,219
2013 4,578 1,563 1,335
2014 4,882 1,707 1,500
2015 4,959 1,820 1,492
2016 5,341 2,001 1,566
2017 5,494 2,064 1,624
2018 5,902 2,170 1,716
2019 6,341 2,256 1,741
2020 6,553 2,415 1,844
2021 6,604 2,490 1,896
Chile
1990 517,125 71,449 104,272
1992 740,982 103,187 152,619
1996 1,188,754 176,316 278,148
1998 1,317,250 212,816 322,612
2000 758,268 249,823 155,096
2003 797,207 250,777 167,681
2006 763,166 285,213 212,423
2009 949,342 343,326 271,198
2011 976,749 388,285 286,640
2013 1,186,631 473,722 346,050
2015 1,095,755 531,657 371,621
2017 1,544,848 596,312 406,597
2020 1,058,375 736,851 447,303
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 895,380 449,593 225,214
2002 1,214,958 538,829 281,589
2003 1,042,784 551,400 291,326
2004 1,086,507 614,851 311,456
2005 1,159,269 641,910 344,490
GEIH-National
2008 1,636,678 869,604 496,436
2009 1,567,469 912,296 489,430
2010 1,660,797 990,128 516,750
2011 1,736,639 1,043,794 548,653
2012 1,732,175 1,075,301 556,760
2013 1,790,811 1,140,825 595,495
2014 1,868,793 1,234,936 633,211
2015 1,893,316 1,263,815 661,713
2016 1,903,699 1,320,703 692,682
2017 1,876,290 1,390,390 722,300
2018 1,968,731 1,463,104 758,869
2019 2,127,585 1,541,018 770,138
2020 2,003,671 1,541,924 690,294
2021 2,279,278 1,635,214 786,629
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 32,620 18,429 16,308
1990 31,960 22,297 19,170
1991 47,289 27,420 21,255
1992 52,035 34,806 26,631
1993 67,157 42,297 36,790
1994 86,272 49,262 44,525
1995 101,149 59,594 50,607
1996 109,973 69,120 56,925
1997 119,315 79,085 66,206
1998 150,692 94,010 71,733
1999 160,352 104,314 82,770
2000 191,091 116,457 97,150
2001 245,786 137,340 96,192
2002 256,456 149,376 100,044
2003 268,310 162,901 112,025
2004 267,977 177,664 111,706
2005 279,670 194,815 130,578
2006 376,660 223,473 148,125
2007 528,234 253,237 184,484
2008 607,042 297,488 220,164
2009 613,476 346,585 245,222
ENAHO
2010 775,964 360,809 264,763
2011 902,974 387,318 268,469
2012 887,570 409,597 304,934
2013 1,037,652 446,183 327,046
2014 1,017,999 464,410 277,360
2015 954,976 466,250 282,990
2016 957,225 476,696 284,845
2017 1,008,647 488,889 297,912
2018 923,141 495,526 290,132
2019 1,026,003 510,301 326,943
2020 937,508 516,382 228,255
2021 1,110,687 528,534 272,609
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 11,049 3,141 4,140
1997 10,748 4,413 4,347
ENFT 2
2000 20,691 5,194 5,346
2001 15,934 5,812 5,195
2002 22,445 5,830 4,855
2003 21,263 6,650 5,832
2004 23,690 7,789 7,139
2005 25,320 10,439 8,442
2006 28,430 11,729 9,340
2007 28,286 11,849 9,588
ENFT 4
2008 31,145 13,605 10,525
2009 32,428 14,201 11,439
2010 40,577 14,513 11,357
2011 37,398 15,251 12,449
2012 32,872 16,511 11,126
2013 45,462 17,202 12,931
2014 37,706 17,485 14,379
2015 47,399 20,177 15,287
2016 45,274 21,290 16,916
ECNFT
2016 41144.7 17924.8 16670.7
2017 45,468 19,367 16,430
2018 55,137 22,056 17,685
2019 48,101 22,278 18,596
2020 49,793 20,194 16,562
2021 38,755 21,997 17,470
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 804,449 372,325 312,896
1995 1,069,116 528,353 453,068
1998 2,135,091 969,333 597,934
1999 3,009,706 1,337,213 1,048,780
Dollar
2006 707 328 178
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 443 216 182
2004 481 263 173
2005 540 252 194
2006 610 270 211
2007 943 296 213
2008 865 311 236
2009 702 331 229
2010 1,062 366 248
2011 851 402 271
2012 1,084 432 298
2013 1,443 480 305
2014 1,217 501 322
2015 1,373 522 325
2016 1,237 524 292
2017 1,192 515 322
2018 1,243 519 324
2019 1,057 515 317
2020 1,130 469 275
2021 1,060 488 275
El Salvador
Colon
2000 5,198 2,367 1,566
2001 4,924 2,288 1,558
2002 5,797 2,420 1,498
2003 6,920 2,215 1,763
Dollar
2004 640 262 198
2005 615 297 170
2006 604 293 206
2007 758 307 201
2008 675 316 207
2009 675 316 200
2010 628 310 206
2011 607 316 209
2012 622 323 200
2013 706 348 223
2014 632 345 218
2015 590 351 231
2016 742 337 231
2017 609 363 219
2018 685 378 238
2019 736 396 260
2020 909 402 278
2021 617 424 290
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 2,534 1,569 962
2006 8,616 2,223 1,410
2011 12,141 2,411 1,889
2014 9,022 2,545 1,813
ENEI
2002 3,649 1,844 1,041
2003 4,151 1,905 1,116
2004 3,457 1,810 1,032
Honduras
DGEC
1991 991 473 369
1992 1,143 556 431
1993 1,333 633 541
1994 2,122 813 699
1995 3,048 938 771
1996 2,865 1,131 821
1997 3,373 1,409 1,147
1998 4,565 1,823 1,523
1999 5,024 2,029 1,836
INE
2001 5,724 3,145 2,138
2002 5,806 3,130 2,334
2003 6,563 3,190 2,617
2004 5,832 3,644 2,453
2005 5,010 4,000 2,356
2006 6,314 4,437 2,611
2007 6,905 4,833 3,183
2008 8,737 5,558 3,702
2009 8,036 5,751 3,590
2010 8,158 6,170 3,511
2012 10,628 6,927 3,462
2013 8,781 6,972 3,164
2014 6,525 6,997 3,132
2015 6,539 7,469 3,223
2016 7,822 7,404 3,446
2017 6,954 7,754 3,930
2018 7,834 7,815 3,604
2019 6,968 7,985 3,654
Mexico
Peso
1989 1,981,411 545,663 531,025
1992 3,813,267 1,042,352 808,953
New Peso
1994 3,357 1,331 856
1996 4,459 1,708 1,052
1998 7,022 2,436 1,602
2000 9,953 3,585 2,317
2002 10,842 3,990 2,587
2004 11,613 4,445 3,230
2005 13,788 4,660 3,426
2006 12,920 5,043 3,200
2008 9,434 5,586 3,302
2010 6,928 5,836 3,076
2012 8,050 6,439 3,013
2014 7,623 7,075 3,068
New Methodology
2016 10,660 7,166 5,134
2018 11,379 7,988 3,829
2020 9,852 8,087 3,710
Nicaragua
1993 2,218 911 902
1998 4,793 1,491 1,193
2001 6,953 2,053 1,835
2005 9,240 2,653 2,139
2009 15,697 4,362 3,749
2014 16,817 6,816 6,007
Panama
1989 844 351 189
1991 777 368 184
1995 1,050 397 241
1997 835 412 233
1998 878 410 249
1999 861 428 252
2000 930 470 241
2001 860 449 196
2002 972 455 190
2003 799 461 199
2004 842 458 189
2005 858 455 179
2006 882 461 192
2007 826 471 216
2008 1,098 516 244
2009 1,175 546 257
2010 998 579 263
2011 1,554 651 328
2012 1,471 717 352
2013 1,464 764 369
2014 1,671 778 389
2015 1,952 841 428
2016 1,785 894 404
2017 1,866 943 364
2018 2,144 954 411
2019 1,962 998 438
2021 2,017 1,016 364
Paraguay
1995 2,194,055 590,405 488,480
1997 1,946,643 759,605 563,673
1999 2,534,525 830,651 526,996
2001 2,670,418 904,617 515,889
2002 4,939,904 946,878 524,382
2003 3,248,667 1,062,388 727,616
2004 3,595,538 1,000,783 772,902
2005 3,559,829 1,140,218 856,840
2006 3,798,855 1,261,639 798,520
2007 5,407,469 1,302,947 975,480
2008 4,083,453 1,476,758 1,147,229
2009 3,488,105 1,502,690 1,151,166
2010 5,558,555 1,668,288 1,319,276
2011 7,328,868 1,857,455 1,633,834
2012 5,107,250 2,036,490 1,163,125
2013 5,848,933 2,249,385 1,537,381
2014 7,499,933 2,439,204 1,778,838
2015 7,134,483 2,440,847 1,701,150
2016 6,254,413 2,462,255 1,633,497
2017 8,525,380 2,614,182 1,590,869
2018 6,546,481 2,779,549 1,708,774
2019 6,774,459 2,847,819 1,740,596
2020 6,040,003 2,733,792 1,454,844
2021 6,594,071 2,831,869 1,730,825
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 1,254 634 348
1998 1,320 704 360
1999 1,166 736 358
2000 1,013 647 355
ENAHO 2
2001 1,071 652 385
2002 1,027 766 413
2003 1,379 677 384
ENAHO 3
2003 1,336 783 393
2004 1,093 719 395
2005 1,105 700 390
2006 1,180 763 400
2007 1,519 826 436
2008 1,678 878 507
2009 1,675 960 539
2010 1,825 975 558
2011 2,044 1,034 630
2012 2,180 1,110 658
2013 2,154 1,167 683
2014 2,203 1,223 703
2015 2,532 1,278 763
2016 2,419 1,375 807
2017 2,614 1,381 799
2018 2,667 1,426 822
2019 2,551 1,469 852
2020 2,300 1,398 713
2021 2,418 1,433 774
Uruguay
Urban
1989 354 137 124
1992 2,374 714 710
1995 6,668 2,527 2,462
1996 8,865 3,442 3,137
1997 10,995 4,258 3,985
1998 15,521 5,277 4,841
2000 17,039 5,894 5,097
2001 17,679 6,453 5,155
2002 15,643 6,072 4,671
2003 18,035 6,361 4,749
2004 20,434 6,840 5,499
2005 20,504 7,452 5,802
2006 23,011 8,577 6,218
National
2006 22,354 8,314 6,261
2007 25,297 9,438 7,086
2008 30,641 10,875 8,256
2009 34,194 12,810 9,537
2010 33,347 13,583 10,239
2011 32,444 15,634 11,494
2012 30,704 17,339 12,340
2013 36,901 19,347 13,779
2014 42,545 21,928 15,204
2015 46,140 24,522 16,859
2016 48,988 26,553 18,207
2017 57,925 29,545 20,552
2018 61,319 31,207 21,569
2019 60,155 33,706 22,416
2020 59,723 35,720 22,680
New Methodology
2021-II 71,591 37,942 24,204
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 12,557 5,796 5,021
1992 28,630 13,527 13,083
1995 92,260 47,127 39,817
1997 268,967 132,344 110,310
1998 378,063 169,505 148,183
1999 384,469 189,946 152,670
2000 351,899 205,331 162,103
2001 409,237 251,119 169,700
2002 473,286 291,572 185,025
2003 509,261 320,189 206,196
2004 664,017 426,280 273,922
2005 958,050 570,845 390,403
2006 1,186,648 777,762 541,522
ge when there are 5 or more employees; within public sector we include the government and public firms
Formal workers Informal workers

Salaried workers Self-employed Salaried
Entrepreneurs Large firms Public sector professionals Small firms
764 816
684 749 1,518 431
6,075 3,412 6,652 1,620
11,588,894 11,032,120
783 675 676 1,339 466
766 675 676 1,245 466

605 749 793 1,365 462
372 786 824 1,477 473
1,877 759 758 1,424 423
1,861 756 783 1,386 416
1,723 737 817 1,499 403
1,986 795 849 1,725 415
1,879 758 801 1,618 393

1,626 732 773 1,478 375
1,454 732 768 1,315 378
1,433 726 726 1,240 354
1,663 709 569 1,138 338
1,596 735 746 1,178 346
1,427 811 793 1,299 392

1,398 881 844 1,309 415
1,407 879 903 1,355 423
1,715 965 975 1,462 469
2,054 1,031 1,204 1,567 493
2,093 1,158 1,271 1,796 541
2,327 1,291 1,414 1,849 579
2,259 1,394 1,587 2,014 660
2,690 1,586 1,731 2,310 730
2,511 1,768 2,033 2,454 878
2,895 1,970 2,288 2,526 969
3,239 2,120 2,523 3,163 1,059
3,454 2,308 2,758 2,859 1,235
3,694 2,584 2,974 3,675 1,342
4,237 2,948 3,360 3,901 1,542
4,558 3,342 3,784 4,047 1,736
4,564 3,857 4,366 4,333 1,950
5,027 4,252 4,864 4,916 2,216
5,232 4,726 5,410 5,287 2,436
6,856 5,411 5,986 6,329 2,847
7,376 6,018 6,763 6,538 3,279
8,046 6,831 7,626 7,816 3,686
9,854 7,666 9,086 9,390 4,204
10,215 8,767 10,102 10,028 4,717
17,333 14,028 15,956 17,689 7,213

19,535 15,632 17,862 17,991 8,194
21,034 17,720 19,925 21,403 9,074
27,279 20,128 22,371 22,794 10,403
29,015 22,434 25,130 25,213 11,402
37,073 26,409 29,819 29,644 13,277
44,611 32,735 36,170 40,241 15,810
46,052 37,920 42,780 39,664 19,331
47,585 43,568 47,085 41,071 20,241
62,708 54,690 57,585 54,781 26,384
106,734 65,679 70,151 66,171 32,174
1,341 607 591 890 368

1,667 737 930 1,577 406
2,784 1,355 1,271 1,699 690
2,730 1,301 1,192 1,672 686

2,362 1,553 1,477 1,667 707
2,152 1,813 1,534 1,604 796
2,246 1,415 1,787 1,826 741
1,629 1,598 1,640 1,992 807
2,940 1,680 1,935 2,054 809
2,366 2,055 2,249 1,507 923
3,049 1,941 2,257 1,839 996
3,023 1,972 2,697 1,911 1,421
3,966 2,167 2,525 2,041 1,493
3,917 2,642 3,052 2,348 1,761
4,192 2,971 3,426 2,784 1,996
4,922 3,259 4,228 3,236 2,147
4,903 3,520 3,922 3,228 2,358
4,502 3,613 4,309 3,235 2,437
4,508 3,726 4,898 3,283 2,362
5,385 3,935 4,701 3,420 2,397
4,940 3,839 4,812 3,348 2,631
4,978 4,050 5,525 3,092 2,521
6,037 3,945 5,342 3,793 2,461
5,319 3,951 5,545 3,441 2,536
78,862 66,829
159,732 205,482
369,082 386,605
1,023,876 1,157,714
2,928,902 3,485,266
13,010 14,773
32,011 37,464
234,513 260,197
4,026 4,017
95,013 27,341 38,844 115,341 9,845
2,942,457 1,460,728 1,793,646 3,519,431 567,869
106,077 34,246 43,411 119,449 11,619
1,568 468 614 1,711 175

1,865 528 689 1,993 210
1,843 557 741 2,031 214
1,833 589 745 1,957 224
1,762 573 768 1,898 226
1,963 640 890 2,119 257
2,105 684 969 2,156 276
2,283 738 1,053 2,284 305
2,403 767 1,140 2,355 331
2,393 768 1,133 2,355 331

2,574 846 1,247 2,589 366
2,881 893 1,421 2,671 403
3,016 969 1,501 2,932 450
3,145 1,047 1,639 2,698 498
3,331 1,130 1,786 2,749 541
4,228 1,321 2,110 3,416 691
4,668 1,446 2,263 3,942 772
5,427 1,629 2,540 4,100 860
5,440 1,711 2,720 4,148 922
5,349 1,838 2,949 3,933 977
4,375 1,428 2,355 3,522 728

4,578 1,573 2,604 3,749 798
4,882 1,713 2,810 4,160 884
4,959 1,828 3,019 3,718 935
5,341 2,031 3,329 3,960 1,044
5,494 2,092 3,498 3,928 1,054
5,902 2,174 3,744 4,068 1,076
6,341 2,280 3,873 3,996 1,104
6,553 2,417 3,982 4,103 1,173
6,604 2,486 4,269 4,041 1,200
517,125 81,166 94,326 232,036 44,182

740,982 123,336 67,209 278,755 64,605
1,188,754 189,524 246,421 848,452 103,250
1,317,250 245,266 282,203 834,973 116,035
758,268 277,379 328,677 383,404 132,747

797,207 267,397 356,879 491,962 135,572
763,166 305,972 403,911 611,508 155,591
949,342 364,205 500,268 708,968 187,144
976,749 419,565 517,848 681,219 207,417
1,186,631 503,257 644,983 805,431 248,221
1,095,755 557,710 707,271 839,906 306,921
1,544,848 623,490 808,107 855,097 349,311
1,058,375 819,803
1,636,678 986,178 1,655,911 1,560,109 461,281

1,567,469 1,044,200 1,812,161 1,618,948 475,541
1,660,797 1,128,565 2,017,368 1,665,402 511,539
1,736,639 1,193,012 2,046,930 1,760,563 550,587
1,732,175 1,208,658 2,196,560 1,751,102 571,598
1,790,811 1,286,805 2,268,751 1,860,726 596,689
1,868,793 1,379,771 2,445,050 1,934,961 647,965
1,893,316 1,398,572 2,509,684 1,997,546 694,409
1,903,699 1,432,036 2,692,756 2,067,139 734,994
1,876,290 1,508,106 2,824,069 2,015,874 787,824
1,968,731 1,581,780 2,987,143 2,159,680 820,590
2,127,585 1,668,036 3,381,620 2,148,832 847,816
2,003,671 1,632,721 3,364,423 1,948,640 840,514
2,279,278 1,769,717 3,581,150 2,105,403 902,241
32,620 18,800 28,824 41,347 9,837

31,960 22,037 34,443 44,505 12,623
47,289 27,318 44,899 46,417 15,333
52,035 34,427 53,669 62,835 20,109
67,157 41,315 67,338 74,355 24,989
86,272 48,942 78,334 95,537 30,609
101,149 60,079 98,870 111,992 32,836
109,973 70,367 111,532 92,800 40,190
119,315 82,990 127,952 152,168 43,597
150,692 98,014 155,197 150,175 51,042
160,352 110,556 168,901 193,269 60,635
191,091 120,089 183,261 236,987 69,898
245,786 140,255 223,280 311,239 74,226
256,456 158,978 232,580 259,914 78,877
268,310 170,304 260,045 276,602 85,949
267,977 182,105 277,142 229,929 95,039
279,670 202,253 313,908 274,737 103,346
376,660 225,946 368,566 335,516 113,163
528,234 259,610 410,724 460,915 134,061
607,042 298,361 491,721 581,238 156,565
613,476 347,057 557,331 606,975 172,362
775,964 339,445 622,463 507,589 181,516

902,974 365,779 697,461 605,463 174,070
887,570 387,899 725,523 619,259 189,527
1,037,652 417,300 794,526 1,086,604 205,906
1,017,999 441,414 804,744 623,118 235,904
954,976 446,766 862,980 722,954 220,603
957,225 462,323 914,870 722,969 218,178
1,008,647 467,829 895,891 736,001 231,823
923,141 476,038 889,619 729,817 235,337
1,026,003 485,444 908,813 724,653 237,831
937,508 473,276 931,835 417,066 226,350
11,049 3,555 3,015 9,990 2,126

10,748 4,746 5,616 10,608 2,616
20,691 5,558 6,520 13,771 3,029

15,934 6,376 7,162 11,142 2,975
22,445 6,356 7,062 11,457 3,032
21,263 7,144 8,258 15,106 3,640
23,690 8,756 8,994 15,803 4,966
25,320 11,830 11,679 19,888 5,559
28,430 13,355 13,611 23,886 6,099
28,286 13,577 12,725 22,534 6,551
31,145 15,007 16,297 26,934 7,168

32,428 15,181 18,000 29,364 7,669
40,577 16,008 16,782 30,261 7,731
37,398 16,925 17,976 33,640 7,870
32,872 18,873 19,661 19,810 8,266
45,462 19,068 21,134 33,721 9,132
37,706 19,193 21,055 28,154 9,079
47,399 21,485 25,876 31,057 9,694
45,274 21,523 28,772 32,741 11,269
41144.7 18839.5 23447.2 26577.9 10792.6

45,468 20,432 26,411 24,161 10,732
55,137 21,040 35,522 33,561 11,739
48,101 22,704 32,478 33,739 11,746
49,793 19,304 30,579 27,478 10,608
38,755 22,992 30,702 21,488 12,170
804,449 423,099 524,669 1,121,346 270,596

1,069,116 618,758 799,015 1,254,098 316,375
2,135,091 1,130,547 1,632,571 1,561,654 546,231
3,009,706 1,567,003 2,281,249 1,679,029 711,429
707 354 634 460 182
443 237 360 598 136

481 285 459 560 157
540 284 434 617 157
610 303 453 679 171
943 323 535 518 176
865 328 561 496 196
702 350 605 476 205
1,062 379 633 504 230
851 399 716 509 252
1,084 438 744 593 280
1,443 503 799 654 306
1,217 524 813 633 329
1,373 547 838 583 333
1,237 553 855 520 332
1,192 535 860 556 329
1,243 554 891 584 332
1,057 566 846 593 332
1,130 522 791 556 295
1,060 550 815 507 302
5,198 2,384 4,157 10,339 1,279

4,924 2,437 3,925 6,805 1,223
5,797 2,695 3,916 4,138 1,281
6,920 2,289 3,847 4,318 1,321
640 271 479 516 164

615 305 488 570 182
604 316 499 517 183
758 322 528 608 187
675 328 571 657 194
675 330 590 604 188
628 313 591 599 193
607 320 573 724 206
622 337 559 560 207
706 365 598 866 216
632 350 632 445 217
590 369 622 613 221
742 349 631 582 218
609 379 677 460 230
685 397 672 499 242
736 413 719 689 256
909 420 741 713 276
617 441 752 481 290
2,534 1,816 2,938 5,472 957
8,616 2,575 3,873 7,692 1,314
12,141 2,848 4,509 5,417 1,475
9,022 2,890 5,077 5,362 1,565
3,649 2,199 3,156 5,646 1,030

4,151 2,160 3,727 3,257 1,058
3,457 2,082 3,064 3,034 1,139
991 522 735 2,390 250

1,143 617 844 3,492 292
1,333 684 1,018 2,509 357
2,122 921 1,286 2,048 435
3,048 1,083 1,436 3,681 514
2,865 1,397 1,638 3,779 561
3,373 1,644 2,129 4,031 806
4,565 2,075 2,542 5,078 1,155
5,024 2,232 3,083 5,475 1,353
5,724 3,642 5,174 12,354 1,654

5,806 3,753 5,703 8,895 1,602
6,563 3,957 6,402 10,751 1,556
5,832 4,222 6,472 9,368 1,959
5,010 4,932 7,476 7,977 1,868
6,314 5,273 8,224 14,374 2,226
6,905 5,867 9,235 15,014 2,323
8,737 6,547 10,637 13,535 2,764
8,036 7,257 11,139 13,936 2,887
8,158 7,545 12,370 12,024 2,992
10,628 8,045 14,936 8,889 3,393
8,781 8,473 13,252 12,847 3,351
6,525 9,020 13,902 9,560 3,345
6,539 9,654 15,014 10,507 3,666
7,822 9,581 14,843 9,670 3,449
6,954 10,125 14,752 14,138 3,537
7,834 10,574 15,161 10,074 3,751
6,968 10,773 15,511 9,690 3,922
3,813,267 1,167,892 1,463,120 2,627,122 650,174
4,459 1,835 2,630 2,806 921

7,022 2,660 3,770 5,406 1,357
9,953 4,059 5,190 6,698 1,952
10,842 4,507 6,142 8,610 2,320
11,613 5,375 10,578 2,743
13,788 5,607 10,220 2,785
12,920 6,281 9,679 2,996
9,434 6,187 9,250 11,516 3,221
6,928 6,541 9,655 7,234 3,399
8,050 7,243 11,533 10,630 3,620
7,623 8,040 12,243 6,142 3,802
10,660 8,293 12,102 29,153 3,935

11,379 9,246 13,065 8,864 4,743
9,852 9,312 13,732 7,205 4,693
2,218 1,093 1,018 2,358 695

4,793 1,763 4,045 1,115
6,953 2,334 2,947 3,966 1,419
9,240 3,011 3,836 4,433 1,768
15,697 7,197
16,817 12,244
844 390 453 785 138

777 396 463 533 140
1,050 439 523 782 152
835 458 532 621 155
878 458 534 734 158
861 473 563 642 178
930 500 635 875 200
860 455 659 733 189
972 473 688 720 186
799 468 715 618 181
842 460 715 609 172
858 456 716 607 180
882 482 699 662 179
826 478 728 742 186
1,098 532 767 725 209
1,175 562 798 867 224
998 589 828 852 258
1,554 676 872 956 288
1,471 763 957 1,125 302
1,464 809 1,009 1,103 339
1,671 821 1,018 1,170 365
1,952 878 1,129 1,102 370
1,785 933 1,184 1,216 376
1,866 928 1,349 982 400
2,144 961 1,344 1,094 412
1,962 1,002 1,427 1,497 419
2,017 975 1,519 825 380
2,194,055 703,516 940,232 1,777,371 398,340

1,946,643 565,745 1,220,723 2,480,994 736,326
2,534,525 994,225 1,309,653 2,325,512 505,595
2,670,418 1,077,430 1,570,350 2,311,959 537,433
4,939,904 1,164,372 1,471,515 1,724,670 590,910
3,248,667 1,315,292 1,698,759 2,080,868 650,109
3,595,538 1,237,047 1,485,600 3,042,540 680,146
3,559,829 1,394,106 1,767,768 2,258,432 723,282
3,798,855 1,403,158 1,970,268 2,744,203 882,658
5,407,469 1,575,208 1,817,951 2,715,048 890,629
4,083,453 1,761,340 2,190,971 2,440,472 927,775
3,488,105 1,767,957 2,209,229 2,882,132 1,049,566
5,558,555 1,938,675 2,271,262 3,385,730 1,172,496
7,328,868 2,269,588 1,607,357 4,123,590 1,368,336
5,107,250 2,540,612 1,426,124 3,602,554 1,397,777
5,848,933 2,451,532 3,576,145 4,035,490 1,389,867
7,499,933 2,631,070 3,942,501 3,685,576 1,584,413
7,134,483 2,679,895 3,724,563 3,941,529 1,557,368
6,254,413 2,670,560 3,866,049 3,994,436 1,604,913
8,525,380 2,861,955 4,234,270 4,132,371 1,723,635
6,546,481 2,871,711 4,798,197 3,958,151 1,739,549
6,774,459 2,994,428 4,741,559 4,487,499 1,819,690
6,040,003 2,936,186 4,659,485 2,453,801 1,761,799
6,594,071 3,040,257 4,671,669 3,310,479 1,863,129
1,254 776 686 767 426

1,320 881 821 888 419
1,166 933 884 848 454
1,013 811 820 610 392
1,071 795 811 795 408

1,027 1,023 822 847 423
1,379 816 879 705 423
1,336 1,022 903 853 424

1,093 877 934 743 419
1,105 843 923 728 400
1,180 886 1,048 750 437
1,519 973 1,107 827 459
1,678 1,019 1,141 959 515
1,675 1,108 1,227 930 552
1,825 1,124 1,272 859 572
2,044 1,177 1,309 1,054 633
2,180 1,266 1,331 1,108 692
2,154 1,317 1,443 1,248 742
2,203 1,365 1,560 1,223 771
2,532 1,435 1,624 1,320 836
2,419 1,523 1,805 1,351 882
2,614 1,541 1,841 1,448 894
2,667 1,564 1,977 1,433 911
2,551 1,614 2,045 1,376 943
2,300 1,514 2,074 1,162 847
2,418 1,569 2,127 1,104 967
354 160 149 194 75
2,374 817 768 1,627 393
6,668 2,875 2,877 5,660 1,353
8,865 3,929 4,029 6,900 1,805
10,995 4,827 5,051 10,678 2,212
15,521 5,877 6,396 10,712 2,825
17,039 6,499 7,410 12,842 3,128
17,679 7,218 8,345 15,148 3,301
15,643 7,013 7,472 14,414 3,067
18,035 7,227 8,125 15,052 3,233
20,434 7,592 9,007 17,350 3,309
20,504 8,190 10,208 17,251 3,602
23,011 9,694 11,129 18,176 4,172
22,354 9,481 10,892 18,047 4,288

25,297 10,415 13,055 20,620 4,594
30,641 11,847 14,900 23,294 5,423
34,194 14,963 17,367 27,530 6,192
33,347 14,693 18,721 29,500 6,887
32,444 16,648 20,876 29,288 7,969
30,704 18,141 23,320 30,759 9,167
36,901 20,393 25,226 35,244 10,198
42,545 23,086 28,425 37,756 11,748
46,140 25,919 31,611 40,797 13,176
48,988 27,882 34,406 46,966 14,177
57,925 31,287 38,159 51,340 15,502
61,319 32,975 40,223 55,872 16,320
60,155 35,368 43,785 58,229 17,441
71,591 39,427 49,798 57,153 18,946
12,557 6,013 6,866 12,511 3,097

28,630 13,988 16,426 33,010 7,470
92,260 52,853 54,010 111,998 26,582
268,967 138,943 173,361 245,060 71,145
378,063 181,276 206,345 356,514 97,515
384,469 207,445 230,106 336,343 113,358
351,899 218,808 254,225 275,926 126,315
409,237 258,806 331,236 386,539 140,826
473,286 300,801 404,874 417,896 161,249
509,261 338,874 436,602 439,405 178,530
664,017 442,119 558,796 550,245 239,368
958,050 594,150 732,555 756,947 321,749
1,186,648 782,020 1,014,590 1,158,836 458,400
public firms
Informal workers
Self-employed
Unskilled
309
578
2,520
4,502,174
671
595
586
622
537
515
490
502
480
431
424
373
348
372
456
509
518
526
609
649
711
807
972
1,107
1,182
1,259
1,379
1,545
1,763
2,054
2,176
2,457
2,795
3,084
3,512
3,807
4,418
5,045
7,434
8,416
10,145
10,614
12,013
13,942
16,674
17,002
19,085
26,523
36,567
424
440
827
691
579
552
563
621
728
800
841
1,242
1,269
1,790
1,792
1,947
2,342
2,462
2,129
2,175
2,180
2,439
2,478
2,502
18,492
34,358
79,300
223,491
792,900
2,643
7,099
47,614
833
21,441
1,029,536
24,752
345
425
405
401
394
436
448
491
522
523
547
595
708
732
767
1,031
1,152
1,232
1,326
1,300
1,036
1,133
1,250
1,274
1,299
1,347
1,389
1,426
1,482
1,518
96,036
147,347
237,748
272,770
134,494
138,489
169,900
214,692
231,693
265,471
287,109
313,616
336,783
404,242
402,990
421,858
446,196
459,437
480,852
507,708
539,118
560,619
590,934
613,038
612,655
548,618
624,734
15,688
18,226
20,444
25,363
35,112
42,192
47,714
55,101
61,732
67,383
76,113
89,185
85,590
91,213
100,980
103,387
118,906
133,819
161,218
191,156
209,930
248,918
243,842
274,487
269,409
246,611
246,994
249,880
265,639
264,702
300,700
214,834
3,774
4,119
4,983
4,968
4,600
5,353
6,757
7,874
8,653
8,893
9,624
10,262
10,155
10,883
10,596
11,525
13,597
14,200
15,557
16261.4
16,037
16,742
17,746
16,115
17,230
278,224
422,156
564,304
1,018,413
163
169
162
181
202
205
220
216
234
256
281
283
303
306
276
303
299
290
248
250
1,443
1,499
1,471
1,731
194
166
200
193
196
190
197
197
192
207
213
220
222
213
229
246
261
284
877
1,333
1,851
1,765
994
1,090
1,008
356
395
523
694
766
807
1,132
1,507
1,815
2,045
2,287
2,539
2,378
2,305
2,509
3,045
3,553
3,479
3,371
3,370
3,045
3,042
3,143
3,349
3,685
3,487
3,502
757,836
1,004
1,466
2,119
2,359
2,706
2,891
2,713
2,745
2,758
2,581
2,814
3,034
3,373
3,342
881
1,153
1,765
2,085
3,597
5,675
179
174
228
217
233
238
222
189
179
186
177
166
176
198
228
235
242
301
311
331
337
385
353
325
367
367
328
460,225
531,571
494,255
476,485
499,730
697,670
723,848
823,043
750,654
932,377
1,099,439
1,061,395
1,247,319
1,526,668
1,075,812
1,426,873
1,676,551
1,565,747
1,495,498
1,453,296
1,567,510
1,513,050
1,374,024
1,570,152
319
319
321
335
354
380
355
352
363
361
366
392
459
497
524
587
608
620
647
704
750
724
752
785
662
735
123
662
2,267
2,898
3,583
4,423
4,556
4,302
3,838
3,929
4,511
4,767
5,033
5,230
5,827
6,778
7,861
8,549
9,494
10,022
11,011
12,360
13,809
14,714
16,371
16,912
17,602
19,119
4,802
12,405
35,668
100,562
134,566
142,045
156,246
158,616
171,282
192,284
258,403
368,975
503,285
Labor income Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)

Argentina
1986 811 310 343 191
1987 782 506 743 412
1988 3,558 2,065 3,356 1,717
1991 11,064,058 4,490,980 5,314,938 3,272,823
1992 699 563 679 458
15 main cities
1992 707 539 648 416
1993 785 526 743 495
1994 829 547 778 469
1995 874 478 767 439
1996 870 459 759 446
1997 861 442 777 429
1998 933 454 830 443
28 main cities
1998 888 433 794 414
1999 837 400 766 392
2000 819 399 764 388
2001 798 363 755 353
2002 727 343 749 307
2003 820 359 770 365
EPHC
2003-II 885 422 880 395
2004-I 938 457 936 415
2004-II 962 466 948 444
2005-I 1,058 494 1,032 486
2005-II 1,195 545 1,160 527
2006-I 1,297 588 1,272 572
2006-II 1,436 637 1,406 624
2007-I 1,550 722 1,527 697
2007-II 1,759 829 1,691 780
2008-I 1,939 974 1,911 903
2008-II 2,158 1,061 2,148 989
2009-I 2,380 1,144 2,313 1,071
2009-II 2,550 1,296 2,542 1,158
2010-I 2,844 1,428 2,786 1,328
2010-II 3,208 1,632 3,192 1,465
2011-I 3,596 1,868 3,584 1,710
2011-II 4,073 2,047 4,165 1,943
2012-I 4,512 2,320 4,581 2,159
2012-II 4,995 2,585 5,101 2,390
2013-I 5,728 2,950 5,661 2,858
2013-II 6,362 3,377 6,411 3,178
2014-I 7,204 3,741 7,278 3,620
2014-II 8,332 4,297 8,357 4,085
2015-I 9,344 4,865 9,414 4,624
2016-II 15,072 7,311 14,932 7,194

2017-I 16,732 8,294 16,761 8,275
2017-II 18,852 9,566 18,894 9,352
2018-I 21,467 10,493 21,385 10,715
2018-II 23,902 11,674 23,983 11,627
2019-I 28,335 13,579 28,430 13,303
2019-II 35,185 16,220 34,876 15,989
2020-I 40,078 18,221 40,824 18,788
2020-II 44,777 19,613 45,525 20,853
2021-I 56,113 26,452 57,545 27,676
2021-II 69,885 34,416 69,416 33,075
Bolivia
Urban
1992 705 408
1993 978 428
1997 1,602 791
National
1997 1,582 684
1999 1,634 602 1,876 1,008
2000 1,746 589 2,083 1,063
2001 1,632 592 2,023 897
2002 1,637 654 2,222 950
2005 1,988 739
2006 2,128 820
2007 2,216 871 2,643 1,203
2008 2,355 1,269 2,923 1,508
2009 2,525 1,313 2,722 1,658
2011 2,950 1,769 3,269 1,881
2012 3,331 1,843 3,625 2,066
2013 3,822 1,978 4,192 2,246
2014 3,951 2,329 4,238 2,549
2015 3,914 2,446 4,427 2,515
2016 4,193 2,175 4,799 2,392
2017 4,321 2,212 4,740 2,602
2018 4,232 2,260 4,756 2,686
2019 4,573 2,448 5,156 2,499
2020 4,718 2,468 4,885 2,542
2021 4,643 2,505 5,066 2,557
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 77,059 18,492 30,589 8,803
1982 164,768 34,358 62,590 17,762
1983 371,332 79,300 128,180 35,711
1984 1,041,581 223,491 364,192 105,473
1985 3,007,429 792,900 1,221,815 370,316
Cruzado
1986 13,256 2,643 3,337 1,208
1987 32,808 7,099 10,711 3,279
1988 239,007 47,614 83,531 23,244
1989 4,025 833 1,167 367
1990 36,329 16,237 31,912 10,457
New PNAD
1992 1,697,178 788,841 1,572,680 583,618
Cruzeiro Real
1993 44,140 17,929 37,643 12,553
Real
1995 633 258 503 196
1996 716 313 569 238
1997 758 307 600 240
1998 774 311 625 241
1999 768 309 619 241
2001 858 342 693 278
2002 920 358 751 296
2003 995 394 808 319
2004 1,036 421 858 342
With Rural North
2004 1,035 423 857 342
2005 1,139 452 935 377
2006 1,241 495 1,021 409
2007 1,302 574 1,088 451
2008 1,402 608 1,173 500
2009 1,511 644 1,258 538
2011 1,748 853 1,470 655
2012 1,919 955 1,605 736
2013 2,161 1,038 1,784 837
2014 2,271 1,121 1,896 881
2015 2,419 1,142 2,042 915
PNADC
2012 1,871 895 1,636 678
2013 2,048 981 1,793 749
2014 2,229 1,086 1,944 810
2015 2,366 1,125 2,069 850
2016 2,642 1,184 2,293 902
2017 2,747 1,215 2,386 939
2018 2,912 1,248 2,518 995
2019 3,019 1,284 2,623 1,029
2020 3,188 1,350 2,749 1,119
2021 3,284 1,382 2,870 1,113
Chile
1990 105,654 72,148 79,392 42,922
1992 153,202 111,687 114,445 65,074
1996 273,162 173,360 197,599 100,923
1998 333,740 193,701 241,365 115,875
2000 322,013 133,512 282,822 131,106
2003 320,719 137,053 282,312 137,080
2006 354,711 163,757 317,986 161,136
2009 433,145 203,012 385,636 207,840
2011 464,787 221,725 422,784 217,277
2013 568,997 258,546 512,901 268,524
2015 619,474 294,869 571,769 343,985
2017 706,086 327,221 640,234 370,585
2020 916,718 336,105 776,385 445,096
Colombia
GEIH-National
2008 1,198,741 422,123 1,188,642 454,088
2009 1,247,459 424,263 1,257,990 469,999
2010 1,340,036 447,347 1,368,617 493,041
2011 1,401,564 475,534 1,423,600 530,155
2012 1,422,025 491,601 1,442,110 552,053
2013 1,494,182 514,411 1,517,069 575,845
2014 1,582,454 547,638 1,593,950 632,373
2015 1,603,833 583,852 1,611,586 658,916
2016 1,652,083 609,289 1,653,533 699,151
2017 1,707,980 645,837 1,723,622 743,548
2018 1,800,893 669,715 1,809,544 766,373
2019 1,905,184 682,298 1,951,798 784,132
2020 1,867,979 632,379 1,908,302 778,190
2021 2,015,485 704,171 2,061,370 840,880
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 22,892 12,569 21,593 9,786
1990 26,683 15,184 25,861 12,410
1991 34,120 17,703
1992 41,448 22,675 41,235 20,397
1993 50,821 29,678 48,572 22,644
1994 61,362 35,526 56,735 29,048
1995 74,429 39,452 69,420 31,222
1996 85,447 46,697 80,534 38,413
1997 99,882 51,879 94,394 42,120
1998 119,693 58,083 111,866 49,618
1999 131,722 67,088 125,639 54,889
2000 145,156 79,083 139,530 72,495
2001 176,920 79,790 162,238 72,797
2002 191,791 84,974 177,373 76,261
2003 206,624 93,005 194,823 85,130
2004 216,139 99,199 205,886 96,897
2005 239,982 110,310 231,519 101,165
2006 280,850 123,557 264,565 112,869
2007 328,803 146,214 295,801 134,193
2008 383,281 172,643 341,740 157,771
2009 436,036 190,405 398,743 166,889
ENAHO
2010 440,958 214,666 415,155 168,894
2011 490,659 206,862 454,128 170,746
2012 504,002 230,628 473,162 178,006
2013 566,356 236,976 513,278 198,578
2014 582,201 240,702 529,659 223,076
2015 586,377 232,907 544,582 210,410
2016 601,268 232,161 564,054 203,165
2017 610,185 247,706 571,052 214,654
2018 605,577 249,194 572,235 223,883
2019 623,704 268,231 589,837 220,212
2020 618,473 220,563 580,876 205,624
2021 605,793 225,129
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 4,265 3,257
1997 5,566 3,723
ENFT 2
2000 6,853 4,481
2001 7,469 4,498
2002 7,764 4,261
2003 8,749 4,952
2004 10,455 6,459
2005 13,352 7,309 14,031 8,383
2006 15,057 7,981 15,543 8,786
2007 15,007 8,287 14,448 9,308
ENFT 4
2008 17,221 9,017 16,894 8,628
2009 18,412 9,645 17,613 8,722
2010 18,981 9,616 17,534 8,936
2011 19,650 10,170 18,888 9,458
2012 20,111 9,974 20,761 9,926
2013 22,322 10,852 21,645 9,843
2014 21,505 12,438 20,846 10,301
2015 24,837 13,058 24,304 10,842
2016 25,834 14,315 25,364 11,952
ECNFT
2016 22,169 15,246 21,382 10,269
2017 24,144 15,061 23,079 10,667
2018 28,206 15,790 26,913 11,236
2019 27,603 16,578 26,070 11,750
2020 25,001 15,154 23,532 10,501
2021 26,490 16,178 25,989 12,946
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 522,915 268,949 596,884 286,352
1995 753,386 376,469 874,157 438,435
1998 1,431,838 556,686 1,696,975 706,895
1999 1,955,051 888,390 2,320,648 1,070,299
Dollar
2006 462 171
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 297 155 331 160
2004 359 160 440 175
2005 362 170 404 176
2006 383 188 397 194
2007 446 192 441 205
2008 449 209 449 217
2009 444 211 463 227
2010 500 232 488 245
2011 515 254 508 256
2012 568 280 532 281
2013 645 292 595 305
2014 648 314 606 325
2015 676 316 635 327
2016 673 297 641 326
2017 671 313 640 322
2018 683 311 648 331
2019 669 305 646 331
2020 625 264 617 297
2021 641 267 648 311
El Salvador
Colon
2000 3,122 1,377 3,414 1,385
2001 2,997 1,383 3,364 1,341
2002 3,268 1,392 3,448 1,427
2003 2,914 1,548 3,126 1,443
Dollar
2004 342 180 370 175
2005 374 171 404 200
2006 380 192 413 194
2007 408 190 431 196
2008 410 194 435 198
2009 417 188 450 195
2010 398 194 433 206
2011 396 199 438 212
2012 409 197 451 215
2013 450 208 486 222
2014 430 213 472 231
2015 438 219 477 234
2016 434 219 460 224
2017 450 219 499 240
2018 475 234 512 254
2019 504 249 536 269
2020 537 267 545 275
2021 514 286 567 299
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 2,162 900 2,407 1,126
2006 3,441 1,319 3,327 1,574
2011 3,680 1,643 3,699 1,851
2014 3,657 1,651 4,181 1,894
ENEI
2002 2,597 984 2,589 1,342
2003 2,700 1,062 2,857 1,338
2004 2,416 1,029 2,839 1,253
Honduras
DGEC
1991 664 315
1992 780 355
1993 869 456
1994 1,240 596
1995 1,530 670
1996 1,741 709
1997 2,077 1,001
1998 2,648 1,374
1999 2,909 1,628
INE
2001 4,518 1,904
2002 4,599 2,023
2003 5,063 2,148
2004 5,026 2,191
2005 5,473 2,119 6,468 2,603
2006 6,128 2,381 6,856 2,929
2007 6,815 2,741 7,578 3,138
2008 7,968 3,204 8,025 4,173
2009 8,208 3,217 9,361 3,690
2010 8,605 3,185 10,166 3,648
2012 10,002 3,358 11,781 4,295
2013 9,551 3,120 11,710 4,450
2014 8,917 3,143 11,648 4,310
2015 9,600 3,343 12,442 4,376
2016 10,065 3,353 12,597 4,535
2017 10,133 3,596 13,054 4,908
2018 10,475 3,570 13,244 5,004
2019 10,586 3,620 14,032 5,053
Mexico
Peso
1989 1,911,992 500,695
1992 1,541,549 698,287
New Peso
1994 2,253 781
1996 2,312 962
1998 3,375 1,410 3,398 1,727
2000 4,891 2,029 4,899 2,497
2002 5,507 2,300 5,868 2,670
2004 5,908 2,720 6,311 3,198
2005 6,312 2,823 6,554 3,444
2006 6,927 2,863 7,149 3,601
2008 7,441 3,060 8,082 3,987
2010 7,252 3,199 8,618 4,217
2012 8,255 3,256 9,964 4,582
2014 8,728 3,469 10,842 4,772
New Methodology
2016 9,745 3,630 11,177 4,954
2018 10,202 4,298 11,800 5,699
2020 10,104 4,234 11,841 5,731
Nicaragua
1993 1,096 693 1,243 708
1998 2,100 938 2,323 1,160
2001 3,125 1,604 3,052 1,586
2005 3,982 1,954 3,854 2,051
2009 10,509 3,570
2014 15,803 5,623 9,252 5,166
Panama
1989 439 160
1991 438 157
1995 494 191
1997 499 189
1998 504 198
1999 518 212
2000 569 211
2001 544 187
2002 574 180
2003 570 184
2004 563 174 568 226
2005 557 170 563 225
2006 569 176 566 225
2007 569 193 579 223
2008 629 221 630 250
2009 664 230 651 267
2010 683 246 674 318
2011 777 295 741 369
2012 854 307 823 381
2013 894 332 885 411
2014 922 345 883 469
2015 1,008 379 959 478
2016 1,062 359 1,009 526
2017 1,091 347 1,061 569
2018 1,141 380 1,089 557
2019 1,190 380 1,156 531
2021 1,207 341 1,192 574
Paraguay
1995 1,044,970 438,995 914,381
1997 1,041,887 610,091 1,199,350
1999 1,358,346 498,387 1,291,804 663,430
2001 1,546,273 495,826 1,490,461 679,177
2002 1,818,638 527,493 1,542,086 734,239
2003 1,752,885 675,386 1,692,466 842,782
2004 1,735,339 703,041 1,592,425 821,511
2005 1,883,336 778,440 1,894,358 846,677
2006 1,986,488 797,309 2,023,244 1,003,532
2007 2,312,469 914,447 1,945,982 1,040,293
2008 2,267,409 1,024,250 2,206,994 1,154,538
2009 2,254,780 1,049,855 2,267,420 1,155,673
2010 2,605,300 1,209,074 2,409,064 1,331,019
2011 2,884,870 1,458,840 2,546,981 1,504,987
2012 2,852,006 1,186,020 2,887,453 1,567,450
2013 3,392,480 1,402,340 3,231,327 1,665,129
2014 3,767,485 1,633,879 3,444,989 1,850,000
2015 3,598,354 1,558,868 3,480,181 1,812,206
2016 3,506,998 1,536,439 3,364,807 1,928,734
2017 4,018,885 1,563,695 3,489,639 2,063,551
2018 3,874,219 1,633,968 3,995,597 1,982,149
2019 4,001,065 1,635,393 3,900,904 2,132,444
2020 3,764,307 1,538,647 3,844,472 2,002,823
2021 3,895,688 1,693,065 3,912,179 2,147,499
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 831 351
1998 941 347
1999 956 365 1,235 587
2000 832 353 1,107 510
ENAHO 2
2001 839 372 1,050 497
2002 962 393 1,291 553
2003 902 375 1,099 492
ENAHO 3
2003 1,029 373 1,279 558
2004 913 380
2005 894 373 1,158 505
2006 956 389 1,242 533
2007 1,075 414 1,307 561
2008 1,138 477 1,329 617
2009 1,202 514 1,391 671
2010 1,238 539 1,412 685
2011 1,318 601 1,415 745
2012 1,393 633 1,504 782
2013 1,443 658 1,559 831
2014 1,493 684 1,628 853
2015 1,587 746 1,689 917
2016 1,674 791 1,832 966
2017 1,713 777 1,825 989
2018 1,762 800 1,891 1,013
2019 1,784 834 1,939 1,058
2020 1,687 717 1,914 1,032
2021 1,721 811 1,907 1,061
Uruguay
Urban
1989 171 102
1992 933 544
1995 3,222 1,864
1996 4,393 2,405
1997 5,474 2,970
1998 6,858 3,707
2000 7,580 3,911
2001 8,509 3,834 7,510 2,862
2002 7,978 3,486 7,101 2,702
2003 8,441 3,609 7,572 2,790
2004 9,148 3,969 8,255 2,995
2005 9,921 4,217 8,910 3,197
2006 11,384 4,621 9,893 3,728
National
2006 11,256 4,771 9,623 3,686
2007 12,713 5,251 10,904 4,035
2008 14,608 6,155 12,410 4,714
2009 18,193 7,088 14,499 5,449
2010 17,650 7,771 15,340 5,720
2011 19,380 8,813 17,235 6,980
2012 20,756 9,638 18,973 7,040
2013 23,323 10,657 20,961 8,165
2014 26,225 12,095 23,696 9,012
2015 29,165 13,538 26,412 10,164
2016 31,564 14,490 28,665 10,792
2017 35,493 16,011 31,844 11,805
2018 37,415 16,670 33,608 11,945
2019 39,893 17,538 36,344 12,515
2020 37,691 13,054
New Methodology
2021-II 44,657 19,044 40,735 13,629
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 7,061 4,235
1992 16,606 10,811
1995 59,011 32,775 56,684 28,893
1997 164,877 90,624 159,045 87,378
1998 213,049 123,725 200,495 110,442
1999 236,232 133,071 223,408 128,295
2000 244,249 147,669 236,429 138,958
2001 301,708 153,622 300,640 163,771
2002 353,999 168,248 359,161 184,031
2003 390,628 188,059 403,233 200,932
2004 504,126 253,026 530,582 274,696
2005 675,517 355,407 706,890 373,107
2006 903,846 490,375 947,663 576,232
Labor income
By economic sector
Primary Industry Industry Utilities &

activities low tech high tech Construction Commerce transportation
Argentina
1986 312 269 365 264 312 337
1987 1,129 562 760 608 564 749
1988 2,982 2,137 3,220 2,167 2,636 3,324
1991 4,802,125 3,948,396 4,878,205 3,788,841 4,579,560 5,414,087
1992 1,167 517 629 572 612 736
15 main cities
1992 811 491 615 504 558 700
1993 840 557 734 578 584 820
1994 991 564 738 551 613 793
1995 1,233 587 821 509 590 798
1996 777 564 777 483 593 772
1997 845 566 769 480 589 769
1998 666 587 841 488 570 792
28 main cities
1998 673 571 807 461 551 763
1999 680 522 723 480 528 702
2000 714 523 742 429 488 661
2001 924 507 680 381 457 652
2002 720 591 662 335 427 635
2003 876 559 736 372 455 669
EPHC
2003-II 906 515 828 518 548 767
2004-I 838 598 947 503 591 915
2004-II 1,023 622 922 535 604 842
2005-I 998 706 1,024 583 671 869
2005-II 1,798 739 1,084 610 758 996
2006-I 1,480 830 1,199 698 847 1,158
2006-II 1,669 868 1,340 820 903 1,255
2007-I 1,598 1,020 1,527 941 998 1,454
2007-II 2,460 1,132 1,552 1,108 1,177 1,566
2008-I 1,930 1,301 1,819 1,259 1,325 1,744
2008-II 1,812 1,468 2,048 1,390 1,455 2,021
2009-I 2,293 1,535 2,179 1,524 1,572 2,113
2009-II 2,227 1,681 2,359 1,594 1,726 2,239
2010-I 2,732 1,866 2,698 1,809 1,903 2,542
2010-II 3,308 2,191 3,138 2,002 2,169 2,951
2011-I 3,454 2,412 3,475 2,477 2,512 3,473
2011-II 3,860 2,872 4,046 2,468 2,757 3,942
2012-I 4,987 3,170 4,407 2,825 3,131 4,237
2012-II 4,700 3,527 4,668 3,176 3,430 4,863
2013-I 5,602 4,095 5,703 3,554 3,942 5,637
2013-II 6,504 4,718 6,028 3,960 4,434 6,300
2014-I 6,959 5,355 6,895 4,330 5,017 6,816
2014-II 7,231 5,735 7,627 5,106 5,757 7,996
2015-I 8,301 6,773 8,925 5,763 6,476 8,799
2016-II 13,124 9,986 14,634 8,826 9,850 13,858

2017-I 13,802 11,229 15,845 10,237 11,206 15,240
2017-II 16,097 12,611 18,597 11,636 12,670 17,441
2018-I 20,920 14,519 20,388 13,506 14,426 19,889
2018-II 23,820 15,233 22,609 15,104 15,975 22,437
2019-I 27,633 17,947 27,791 17,241 18,624 25,692
2019-II 42,391 20,779 32,524 20,828 22,357 31,843
2020-I 41,001 24,159 37,341 23,509 25,281 39,542
2020-II 34,811 27,659 42,065 24,504 27,036 44,007
2021-I 41,603 40,186 50,331 33,240 34,399 54,877
2021-II 58,516 50,389 66,136 42,818 47,292 62,495
Bolivia
Urban
1992 727 479 486 462 705
1993 988 551 557 543 826
1997 1,395 923 1,077 989 1,621
National
1997 750 932 1,039 1,013 1,592
1999 379 869 1,263 990 1,470
2000 622 888 1,115 823 1,579
2002 541 839 1,004 987 1,460
2005 694 1,275 1,280 1,208 1,678
2006 865 1,221 1,130 1,259 1,655
2007 924 1,302 1,573 1,289 1,755
2008 1,146 1,534 2,024 1,481 2,253
2009 1,043 1,932 2,236 1,893 2,285
2011 1,851 2,088 2,705 2,181 2,736
2012 1,891 2,437 2,869 2,192 2,986
2013 1,804 2,616 3,191 2,670 3,414
2014 2,027 2,711 3,530 3,300 3,626
2015 1,896 2,829 3,459 2,836 3,948
2016 1,797 2,830 3,522 2,547 3,698
2017 1,809 2,922 3,605 2,754 3,629
2018 1,720 2,938 3,341 2,768 3,625
2019 2,067 3,138 3,583 2,841 3,748
2020 1,700 2,964 3,363 3,256 3,587
2021 2,179 2,944 3,438 2,749 3,757
Brazil
Cruzeiro
1981 15,631 21,411 37,328 18,826 24,673 34,455
1982 29,144 42,097 73,608 41,177 50,959 69,066
1983 69,812 85,237 155,447 60,429 106,113 150,475
1984 195,212 251,451 439,007 221,578 305,210 424,528
1985 636,538 821,425 1,391,974 755,872 1,023,030 1,458,049
Cruzado
1986 2,143 2,566 4,113 2,576 3,533 4,386
1987 5,740 7,148 12,751 7,277 9,360 13,130
1988 40,057 57,037 103,500 51,596 68,422 101,338
1989 653 825 1,388 823 1,185 1,528
1990 16,101 22,084 36,727 23,731 30,062 39,348
New PNAD
1992 787,038 1,149,673 1,775,042 1,066,931 1,299,536 1,856,450
Cruzeiro Real
1993 20,085 26,742 45,397 23,504 32,313 45,600
Real
1995 249 374 610 385 463 591
1996 289 428 660 424 545 691
1997 287 445 689 439 551 735
1998 296 433 720 440 541 715
1999 296 426 676 411 538 699
2002 375 460 834 509 601 816
2003 443 496 905 539 634 887
2004 480 519 928 561 677 988
With Rural North
2004 488 518 926 562 677 988
2005 519 568 1,029 643 743 1,016
2006 576 673 1,098 694 816 1,091
2007 635 688 1,158 774 884 1,207
2008 709 774 1,254 846 953 1,264
2009 750 792 1,350 894 980 1,409
2011 930 968 1,569 1,139 1,181 1,553
2012 1,075 1,090 1,768 1,335 1,308 1,714
2013 1,189 1,184 1,973 1,456 1,426 1,860
2014 1,246 1,258 2,090 1,536 1,523 1,995
2015 1,308 1,288 2,188 1,631 1,540 2,000
PNADC
2012 999 1,058 1,672 1,246 1,303 1,878
2013 1,122 1,131 1,836 1,404 1,391 1,976
2014 1,236 1,236 2,048 1,482 1,508 2,250
2015 1,252 1,411 2,129 1,605 1,552 2,272
2016 1,364 1,558 2,241 1,748 1,657 2,386
2017 1,479 1,574 2,465 1,727 1,652 2,495
2018 1,608 1,608 2,483 1,768 1,738 2,534
2019 1,640 1,597 2,685 1,862 1,814 2,662
2020 1,786 1,701 3,000 1,930 1,918 2,771
2021 1,830 1,719 2,825 1,824 1,889 2,824
Chile
1990 88,793 73,410 90,874 79,743 94,490 114,202
1992 113,052 127,009 143,521 150,649 157,185 160,842
1996 178,442 191,332 246,258 229,871 223,024 272,264
2000 243,044 248,273 273,253 213,824 201,470 254,123
2003 198,836 201,069 282,317 241,144 212,385 277,919
2006 234,937 218,867 307,534 273,254 234,143 326,065
2009 295,102 255,044 374,605 320,075 281,021 384,066
2011 355,968 283,111 387,843 344,120 288,094 405,233
2013 432,235 320,090 473,744 440,408 343,535 487,465
2015 491,392 377,361 510,210 481,662 393,977 547,593
2017 482,411 423,447 586,506 550,076 440,520 592,986
2020 672,808 471,461 629,844 577,383 478,093 695,772
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 220,585 328,532 476,398 351,347 329,058 426,072
2002 269,021 421,380 578,502 466,635 403,121 480,853
2003 301,875 394,027 571,479 403,213 400,083 484,856
2004 287,280 440,948 695,492 451,528 436,313 532,949
2005 340,052 447,007 696,636 484,762 471,635 568,749
GEIH-National
2008 495,009 640,734 918,078 637,983 627,885 707,848
2009 490,702 654,132 934,600 653,145 634,358 737,011
2010 539,029 691,584 992,364 712,853 672,325 813,900
2011 581,499 721,735 1,073,940 765,538 699,074 852,981
2012 590,527 721,645 1,058,105 798,315 716,352 872,619
2013 610,237 790,719 1,171,011 834,981 729,849 917,910
2014 650,267 852,183 1,280,094 925,802 776,219 992,687
2015 695,500 894,024 1,217,603 945,252 811,940 1,005,524
2016 709,573 941,755 1,264,572 982,370 833,621 1,035,902
2017 747,105 950,416 1,314,859 1,041,215 872,683 1,082,998
2018 795,243 936,925 1,335,647 1,086,203 922,281 1,151,915
2019 805,217 976,170 1,382,956 1,168,151 968,193 1,199,297
2020 770,209 1,027,235 1,409,411 1,054,972 867,908 1,202,290
2021 866,326 1,080,122 1,476,443 1,118,532 958,423 1,278,219
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 12,687 15,025 19,972 17,934 19,034 26,299
1990 13,534 17,499 23,988 23,674 22,342 31,633
1991 15,983 23,088 29,204 26,880 27,119 40,866
1992 19,290 29,304 35,994 32,344 33,806 45,776
1993 25,273 33,341 44,882 40,635 41,515 59,721
1994 33,089 40,973 52,344 48,717 50,619 65,404
1995 39,753 49,270 63,261 57,860 60,849 80,834
1996 47,448 57,586 71,263 68,758 70,440 89,569
1997 50,888 70,269 83,372 78,026 78,917 96,827
1998 59,694 78,655 100,194 93,943 92,091 121,880
1999 67,187 89,253 111,148 100,284 104,980 130,049
2000 78,340 103,770 124,078 113,200 115,500 149,586
2001 85,095 108,813 154,823 129,289 128,806 180,397
2002 90,412 128,045 168,729 132,680 138,556 188,651
2003 100,168 147,319 189,654 152,267 146,734 195,891
2004 109,910 151,839 192,729 157,731 151,727 213,790
2005 125,480 167,364 220,927 169,502 166,346 234,053
2006 146,952 180,741 238,016 187,560 197,399 285,570
2007 165,778 229,480 276,347 231,787 246,562 346,498
2008 200,807 254,139 301,671 267,824 282,345 391,951
2009 216,491 267,993 367,744 301,217 286,253 408,099
ENAHO
2010 248,668 304,813 329,977 285,710 302,745 432,811
2011 250,949 350,511 347,329 310,595 329,854 462,066
2012 267,136 330,636 404,481 372,986 348,720 441,446
2013 270,886 330,073 445,407 402,583 370,212 468,774
2014 293,591 429,253 371,591 374,192 540,089
2015 307,682 428,183 363,024 383,611 538,397
2016 308,629 434,444 363,518 397,289 584,139
2017 326,106 449,436 399,129 402,260 579,481
2018 311,747 442,137 377,302 399,332 591,228
2019 335,220 440,350 375,580 411,384 652,006
2020 318,783 404,446 360,346 372,937 541,966
2021 306,486 471,406 388,168 414,882 596,306
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 3,398 3,029 4,351 5,016 4,231 4,793
1997 3,589 4,211 4,948 5,662 4,836 5,599
ENFT 2
2000 3,770 4,243 6,486 7,829 5,690 6,826
2001 3,846 5,014 6,906 7,002 5,995 6,899
2002 3,730 5,058 6,669 7,047 6,440 6,728
2003 3,873 5,808 7,902 7,959 6,501 8,080
2004 5,580 7,150 9,437 10,905 7,978 10,480
2005 6,272 9,164 12,171 12,199 9,649 12,088
2006 6,649 9,745 11,778 13,259 11,244 13,795
2007 7,390 9,566 13,523 13,427 11,464 14,326
ENFT 4
2008 7,493 13,200 13,726 15,839 13,102 16,246
2009 8,611 13,064 15,806 16,527 13,317 14,361
2010 8,457 14,470 17,864 18,242 12,775 17,101
2011 9,519 13,499 15,842 18,993 13,938 16,767
2012 9,940 13,188 16,682 15,805 14,259 16,768
2013 10,484 15,141 17,623 15,112 15,708 18,556
2014 12,361 16,816 18,260 18,232 15,737 20,420
2015 12,572 16,306 23,030 20,669 18,081 21,427
2016 14,492 17,090 20,689 21,069 19,152 20,895
ECNFT
2016 14,854 15,703 21,924 21,047 16,934 21,936
2017 14,200 15,546 21,459 20,526 17,202 21,298
2018 15,455 16,350 20,804 22,427 18,889 22,856
2019 15,621 17,013 25,149 23,358 19,781 24,798
2020 14,437 18,153 21,115 20,876 16,789 20,659
2021 15,507 20,953 25,648 22,307 17,776 21,522
Ecuador
ECV
Sucre
1994 284,838 360,969 472,337 424,014 390,387 680,788
1998 585,724 720,085 1,237,916 966,567 948,123 1,738,030
1999 1,137,492 1,053,035 1,771,710 1,105,702 1,390,785 2,115,502
Dollar
2006 151 235 443 309 299 451
ENEMDU
Dollar
2003 141 192 271 209 226 289
2004 147 214 314 230 242 419
2005 155 236 349 254 254 318
2006 176 246 431 268 268 352
2007 200 285 399 348 309 356
2008 226 266 419 332 315 377
2009 217 275 399 299 303 371
2010 237 297 469 351 334 430
2011 261 316 429 365 335 445
2012 282 333 619 398 384 457
2013 327 380 501 426 391 519
2014 348 423 503 462 425 507
2015 349 482 517 501 439 567
2016 327 445 482 480 421 483
2017 329 409 478 469 423 510
2018 335 429 529 439 424 492
2019 315 421 511 447 418 512
2020 268 355 473 388 371 407
2021 282 409 547 412 386 459
El Salvador
Colon
2000 1,105 1,741 2,804 2,266 2,372 3,519
2001 871 1,713 2,495 2,264 2,294 3,498
2002 1,109 1,746 2,691 2,246 2,355 3,101
2003 1,054 1,878 2,470 2,176 2,247 3,349
Dollar
2004 122 217 291 248 268 400
2005 139 228 328 253 270 378
2006 150 313 241 252 282 376
2007 147 273 269 297 301 407
2008 138 280 258 318 301 408
2009 146 235 340 296 297 402
2010 143 235 312 301 294 390
2011 153 258 307 291 287 413
2012 153 266 318 305 285 448
2013 163 271 314 307 325 399
2014 154 273 337 322 320 409
2015 168 286 364 326 315 448
2016 158 296 370 298 330 396
2017 170 310 370 308 319 408
2018 181 322 385 354 343 422
2019 185 326 401 376 363 457
2020 193 331 408 387 384 532
2021 188 353 416 387 375 490
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 1,153 1,209 1,669 1,375 2,228
2006 1,260 1,681 2,682 1,945 2,847 3,129
2011 1,433 2,247 2,593 2,347 2,715 5,771
2014 1,438 2,296 2,900 2,314 2,937 3,350
ENEI
2002 976 1,165 2,192 1,768 1,914 2,435
2003 1,177 1,247 2,193 1,801 1,934 2,457
2004 1,073 1,241 1,977 1,841 1,694 2,415
Honduras
DGEC
1991 417 389 548 514 506 729
1992 465 426 733 506 638 902
1993 532 566 757 628 771 1,120
1994 721 724 1,088 1,162 1,026 1,702
1995 942 864 1,211 983 1,167 1,506
1996 909 1,100 1,538 1,280 1,410 1,980
1997 1,330 1,285 1,782 1,557 1,661 2,454
1998 1,812 1,623 2,216 2,022 2,154 2,919
1999 2,010 1,766 2,509 2,092 2,515 3,287
INE
2001 1,747 2,656 3,755 3,174 3,640 4,852
2002 2,160 2,702 3,778 3,552 3,387 4,962
2003 2,059 2,685 3,426 2,865 4,491 4,956
2004 2,663 3,037 3,658 3,450 3,510 6,127
2005 2,189 3,117 3,554 3,354 3,592 6,439
2006 2,369 3,597 4,846 4,100 4,241 6,765
2007 2,552 4,190 6,019 4,819 5,163 7,589
2008 3,952 4,891 6,281 5,103 5,478 7,504
2009 3,212 4,752 6,631 5,734 5,694 8,538
2010 3,536 4,274 6,390 5,674 5,777 8,170
2012 4,648 5,440 6,255 5,346 5,745 9,360
2013 3,933 5,117 6,248 5,462 5,486 8,976
2014 3,256 4,916 6,579 5,298 5,846 7,911
2015 3,427 5,746 7,208 5,425 6,168 8,705
2016 3,499 6,701 7,537 5,402 6,449 8,701
2017 3,373 6,342 7,601 6,388 6,906 8,156
2018 3,217 6,741 7,981 6,737 6,199 8,009
2019 3,577 6,897 8,794 6,869 7,196 9,583
Mexico
Peso
1989 411,343 493,656 640,925 700,194 625,836 779,153
1992 917,988 854,483 1,345,040 1,080,728 1,138,235 1,342,577
New Peso
1994 638 1,162 1,365 1,178 1,298 2,071
1996 1,075 1,453 1,820 1,425 1,595 2,574
1998 1,402 1,931 3,077 1,895 2,492 3,238
2000 1,661 3,363 4,182 3,511 3,534 3,955
2002 1,729 2,802 4,828 3,627 3,872 4,787
2004 2,411 3,650 5,282 4,233 3,848 5,537
2005 2,634 4,012 5,489 4,726 4,030 5,444
2006 2,743 3,758 5,980 5,053 4,168 5,763
2008 3,875 4,397 6,330 5,660 4,834 6,610
2010 3,311 4,214 6,028 5,685 4,695 6,384
2012 3,271 4,710 7,073 6,522 5,030 6,429
2014 3,546 4,844 8,313 6,205 5,391 7,308
New Methodology
2016 4,628 5,179 8,351 6,370 5,806 8,184
2018 4,379 5,946 9,556 7,444 6,476 9,232
2020 4,909 5,717 9,449 7,172 6,243 8,826
Nicaragua
1998 889 1,284 1,574 1,734 1,333 2,561
2001 1,406 1,899 1,963 2,328 2,908 3,246
2005 2,573 1,955 2,889 3,036 3,021 3,878
2009 3,478 3,500 4,000 5,075 4,162 6,462
2014 6,121 6,464 8,361 8,209 7,628 8,757
Panama
1989 247 256 274 276 287 470
1991 230 255 296 261 310 507
1995 207 279 292 346 349 586
1997 219 266 373 354 335 577
1998 206 273 422 368 341 600
1999 207 308 390 364 352 575
2000 231 362 471 368 362 623
2001 171 336 354 362 349 599
2002 183 296 384 344 359 618
2003 183 261 348 364 353 634
2004 165 237 401 376 352 616
2005 159 270 384 387 335 605
2006 165 263 410 420 356 597
2007 178 310 429 418 356 642
2008 211 316 436 476 414 721
2009 219 297 525 516 433 716
2010 216 295 496 518 461 711
2011 272 399 592 623 570 805
2012 274 384 662 667 590 874
2013 278 428 761 734 642 974
2014 283 267 821 787 650 913
2015 329 598 783 694 1,067
2016 301 565 850 732 1,068
2017 335 579 808 713 1,015
2018 397 609 840 756 1,131
2019 388 604 838 761 1,019
2021 357 583 688 658 984
Paraguay
1995 350,542 621,737 816,969 570,731 745,305 1,027,513
1997 404,662 637,748 912,726 739,539 833,737 1,378,633
1999 572,506 715,622 885,825 846,213 848,016 1,290,219
2001 528,383 782,027 964,933 806,107 916,719 1,561,978
2002 949,754 729,385 956,845 799,660 786,194 1,329,238
2003 871,534 787,586 1,010,650 860,144 1,038,212 1,587,425
2004 928,272 751,142 1,232,205 882,966 1,026,656 1,413,447
2005 937,941 914,840 1,704,798 1,006,615 1,048,601 2,091,319
2006 846,084 977,767 1,332,995 1,164,832 1,223,205 2,138,860
2007 1,330,069 1,107,352 1,272,842 1,297,274 1,532,013 2,006,802
2008 1,417,627 1,195,723 1,615,772 1,213,231 1,441,435 2,312,677
2009 1,202,816 1,211,921 1,709,333 1,538,632 1,478,641 1,991,118
2010 1,429,194 2,017,492 1,867,369 1,732,657 1,734,794 2,667,658
2011 1,560,196 1,786,739 2,709,604 1,844,276 2,224,620 2,641,575
2012 1,170,754 1,716,159 2,169,570 2,077,629 1,897,046 2,955,190
2013 1,492,087 1,911,880 2,486,657 2,121,790 2,214,568 3,636,385
2014 2,628,436 2,356,097 2,176,093 2,341,039 2,897,831
2015 1,734,286 2,274,645 2,200,738 2,505,055 3,374,390
2016 1,732,005 2,300,160 2,198,119 2,255,331 2,940,819
2017 2,237,520 2,456,564 2,629,396 2,285,178 2,995,736
2018 1,835,169 2,582,231 2,577,761 2,485,783 3,362,585
2019 2,146,155 2,585,577 2,469,091 2,471,025 3,498,707
2020 1,603,369 2,396,234 2,494,052 2,154,111 3,429,534
2021 2,006,416 2,537,638 2,635,295 2,298,468 3,179,151
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 311 441 855 592 520 763
1998 331 371 840 794 572 730
1999 304 533 843 778 481 839
2000 331 524 578 637 508 800
ENAHO 2
2001 288 490 842 689 580 696
2002 316 471 1,033 743 651 903
2003 260 497 900 977 570 753
ENAHO 3
2003 300 626 1,005 1,120 579 805
2004 355 712 883 736 557 746
2005 345 530 732 671 593 797
2006 371 520 902 923 589 791
2007 410 694 1,041 817 648 809
2008 483 717 1,031 1,006 698 918
2009 534 723 1,081 1,061 762 904
2010 552 711 1,220 1,133 799 1,009
2011 643 806 1,155 1,201 865 1,019
2012 643 835 1,230 1,287 941 1,159
2013 671 886 1,286 1,400 955 1,132
2014 668 929 1,345 1,432 942 1,177
2015 710 1,040 1,423 1,585 1,027 1,241
2016 721 1,019 1,515 1,607 1,088 1,325
2017 719 1,058 1,586 1,548 1,067 1,319
2018 763 1,036 1,510 1,659 1,108 1,335
2019 798 1,070 1,589 1,588 1,111 1,358
2020 682 972 1,358 1,360 974 1,161
2021 834 961 1,542 1,441 1,020 1,179
Uruguay
Urban
1989 248 137 183 122 119 174
1992 947 740 1,028 705 877 954
1995 2,696 2,390 3,530 2,305 2,800 3,457
1996 3,277 3,133 4,546 3,010 3,654 4,514
1997 3,997 3,911 5,376 3,779 4,562 5,585
1998 5,120 4,981 6,967 4,568 5,680 7,444
2000 6,168 5,354 7,203 5,096 5,675 8,276
2001 5,899 5,206 7,150 4,822 5,769 8,724
2002 5,335 4,859 6,962 4,048 5,143 8,066
2003 6,611 4,832 6,918 4,464 5,305 8,251
2004 7,415 5,022 7,407 5,102 5,808 9,227
2005 8,236 5,994 7,923 5,435 6,223 9,827
2006 8,898 6,980 9,714 6,423 7,298 11,811
National
2006 8,728 6,879 9,520 6,390 7,215 11,616
2007 9,900 7,689 10,777 7,679 7,762 12,834
2008 12,234 9,072 12,133 9,064 9,271 14,638
2009 13,160 10,507 14,440 11,082 11,234 16,256
2010 13,980 11,029 14,916 11,761 11,334 18,454
2011 15,637 12,786 16,661 13,842 13,243 19,818
2012 16,409 14,732 17,747 16,285 13,995 21,713
2013 18,684 16,428 21,011 18,514 15,746 23,761
2014 20,183 18,521 24,058 21,141 17,738 26,629
2015 22,967 20,634 27,200 23,216 19,554 29,079
2016 23,944 22,229 28,074 23,567 20,827 31,809
2017 26,520 24,888 31,778 26,196 23,620 36,345
2018 26,730 26,261 33,337 26,910 24,693 37,104
2019 29,279 28,343 35,608 29,335 25,286 39,993
2020 30,255 28,370 34,722 29,515 25,789 38,998
New Methodology
2021-II 33,024 31,160 40,507 32,993 27,809 41,895
Venezuela
Bolivar
1989 4,532 5,697 6,807 6,779 6,275 6,759
1992 11,601 12,737 14,980 14,902 14,707 16,881
1995 32,718 45,278 50,979 49,127 46,616 55,394
1997 102,269 104,753 139,656 129,620 118,458 168,116
1998 140,869 136,530 192,955 192,193 157,255 214,970
1999 139,298 150,638 206,330 212,061 171,755 226,819
2000 142,465 162,759 209,445 241,256 175,075 247,082
2001 164,920 194,616 248,308 273,617 197,825 283,061
2002 188,952 208,692 286,547 313,641 219,718 314,548
2003 207,369 237,859 330,554 339,586 236,728 345,943
2004 272,734 326,934 418,459 443,419 313,268 471,118
2005 398,755 460,250 549,047 622,106 438,419 648,896
2006 548,132 619,533 745,455 810,558 577,722 862,210
Skilled Public Education & Domestic

services administration Health servants
480 365 317 159

1,036 841 686 315
4,495 4,298 3,226 1,184
6,709,589 5,699,520 4,977,870 2,613,323
902 727 649 359
884 695 602 320

968 789 687 348
1,113 835 720 328
1,185 865 673 286
1,072 867 696 275
1,098 844 696 271
1,269 977 746 267
1,221 904 711 250

1,040 854 678 251
1,042 846 678 250
1,031 793 654 228
1,052 552 578 207
984 846 649 215
1,048 917 724 296

1,065 971 769 293
1,089 1,014 842 280
1,215 1,081 885 306
1,343 1,362 1,011 316
1,401 1,418 1,104 362
1,655 1,535 1,249 380
1,606 1,694 1,383 428
1,865 1,734 1,593 510
2,037 2,134 1,778 612
2,208 2,293 2,017 696
2,535 2,569 2,188 703
2,664 2,864 2,321 877
2,995 3,080 2,634 978
3,498 3,371 2,950 1,090
3,574 3,853 3,318 1,118
4,288 4,379 3,802 1,237
4,502 4,920 4,173 1,409
4,968 5,457 4,620 1,517
5,691 5,965 5,146 1,832
6,520 6,980 5,503 2,126
7,232 7,736 6,479 2,373
8,771 9,336 7,330 2,706
9,376 10,183 8,389 3,160
15,676 16,638 13,518 4,680

17,005 18,574 15,218 5,724
19,673 20,540 17,138 6,343
20,892 23,299 19,388 6,898
24,583 25,299 21,538 7,856
29,707 30,137 25,611 8,792
37,619 36,620 31,039 10,359
40,523 42,064 36,790 12,265
44,812 46,007 40,520 12,553
59,796 58,508 49,630 16,560
78,123 71,153 58,996 19,205
890 622 498 169

1,410 1,324 668 200
1,942 1,522 1,169 314
1,948 1,504 1,109 339

2,586 1,859 1,156 474
2,448 1,870 1,171 560
2,379 2,308 1,377 658
1,662 2,558 1,590 646
2,224 1,988 1,949 831
2,227 2,513 1,810 788
2,694 2,847 2,133 1,330
2,204 2,477 2,042 1,189
2,561 2,946 2,407 1,347
3,219 3,270 2,800 1,262
3,447 3,761 3,455 1,575
3,572 3,731 3,428 1,561
3,855 4,317 3,579 1,770
3,851 4,646 3,858 1,641
3,843 4,518 3,833 1,678
3,587 4,458 4,040 1,966
3,686 4,993 4,362 1,765
4,360 4,981 4,195 2,024
3,612 5,137 4,448 1,894
54,155 36,377 26,312 6,619

109,070 77,943 53,161 13,422
224,321 159,308 108,041 26,724
626,563 434,775 314,743 70,439
1,938,857 1,495,336 1,063,943 244,832
5,981 4,071 3,135 780

19,587 12,935 9,573 2,533
154,387 94,728 70,465 16,748
2,427 1,338 1,072 256
59,207 43,235 30,912 7,702
2,502,881 1,726,315 1,321,118 489,759
74,927 42,393 33,694 9,909
1,012 662 505 154

1,133 758 589 196
1,248 820 607 202
1,298 866 639 209
1,263 889 647 210
1,129 1,091 799 212
1,186 1,156 893 235
1,201 1,287 922 251
1,202 1,281 918 251

1,332 1,378 1,029 278
1,420 1,573 1,106 310
1,490 1,699 1,186 340
1,594 1,859 1,283 375
1,743 2,043 1,398 413
2,089 2,307 1,703 522
2,296 2,448 1,833 600
2,606 2,805 2,074 670
2,709 3,038 2,180 734
2,783 3,332 2,324 785
2,096 2,446 1,780 558

2,313 2,756 1,963 626
2,487 2,926 2,137 710
2,581 3,330 2,228 760
2,955 3,656 2,506 834
2,960 3,819 2,606 852
3,097 4,128 2,828 896
3,160 4,422 2,827 917
3,290 4,400 3,019 956
3,474 4,838 3,167 943
172,767 96,104 91,920 34,415

240,345 127,637 138,883 128,207
471,226 246,697 274,999 83,667
429,577 311,158 311,281 102,990

428,796 378,556 317,807 117,570
463,714 416,347 359,367 122,580
534,438 533,150 434,868 145,784
653,500 557,993 464,905 169,361
833,085 664,558 547,076 203,445
844,248 760,763 601,132 242,608
914,244 840,288 719,284 270,767
981,681 1,023,689 817,423 274,046
682,495 879,630 530,838 212,235
899,734 893,574 648,171 257,793
808,989 915,196 645,945 273,839
1,035,351 965,151 669,071 299,619
976,167 1,212,203 773,263 310,281
1,186,132 1,562,847 981,142 415,484

1,153,029 1,696,935 1,023,563 428,450
1,256,791 1,798,298 1,075,717 460,263
1,329,127 1,841,528 1,110,064 498,247
1,315,019 1,978,989 1,175,975 517,292
1,411,764 2,092,396 1,235,148 544,516
1,484,398 2,143,637 1,304,597 580,786
1,481,798 2,281,644 1,343,612 623,119
1,498,723 2,415,567 1,421,426 640,258
1,573,877 2,479,041 1,502,569 686,827
1,677,847 2,585,035 1,573,501 734,774
1,777,824 2,842,744 1,663,762 757,393
1,621,475 2,936,522 1,639,725 743,912
1,730,421 3,078,993 1,738,467 803,206
35,880 26,072 25,886 5,712

38,506 32,001 30,036 7,441
44,313 35,675 40,497 8,046
57,717 45,991 48,163 11,414
67,590 57,017 61,771 15,319
90,109 70,608 71,963 18,703
92,759 88,960 83,702 20,216
109,673 96,438 97,643 25,977
123,719 113,158 109,614 27,161
149,242 134,353 130,292 29,013
161,405 150,114 148,467 33,351
182,601 162,600 160,918 39,823
192,337 218,990 177,600 45,339
198,279 222,568 195,872 47,392
222,134 252,016 208,416 51,007
241,123 268,584 222,033 57,930
283,572 325,606 243,661 58,218
324,862 398,469 285,133 70,374
397,142 408,504 308,902 80,143
447,647 483,127 375,059 93,478
552,534 577,166 449,153 99,115
470,320 632,160 483,452 132,172

513,696 679,623 526,989 138,024
526,607 724,706 550,356 144,097
592,623 756,635 617,724 154,188
614,294 788,377 569,873 166,979
570,990 845,619 600,847 164,840
582,362 874,878 612,871 165,953
613,414 882,349 601,715 173,246
600,621 892,333 580,714 183,648
618,575 878,296 633,527 180,359
578,656 933,501 658,330 175,808
628,824 928,670 636,278 188,889
6,041 2,746 3,677 1,195

8,590 4,624 4,691 1,830
11,035 6,658 5,878 1,799

9,827 7,464 6,617 1,970
9,621 7,518 6,229 2,110
13,206 8,840 7,364 2,553
14,970 9,939 8,343 3,037
17,983 12,430 11,509 4,549
22,679 14,933 11,970 4,906
20,915 13,225 12,222 5,368
19,380 18,276 13,131 5,976

28,431 17,078 13,904 6,540
24,045 15,893 14,612 6,960
26,434 15,235 15,143 7,219
26,728 19,034 14,730 7,431
30,140 21,653 16,889 8,402
28,761 22,063 17,030 8,661
29,541 28,456 19,333 9,147
31,197 30,508 22,283 9,948
26,174 20,296 18,309 9,948

29,108 25,122 20,907 10,560
47,624 28,047 21,065 10,539
33,500 29,643 22,286 11,337
23,741 28,478 23,342 10,433
27,212 28,113 23,029 11,536
658,750 502,544 400,068 235,117

1,879,913 1,839,151 1,080,523 543,399
2,303,649 2,581,224 1,486,098 663,831
514 728 387 174
408 388 245 97

398 486 310 135
424 467 325 127
443 496 328 158
520 536 344 151
448 591 379 170
388 700 393 197
467 705 433 214
440 736 526 237
522 766 554 267
696 836 576 270
615 846 561 311
611 855 595 314
596 880 586 318
609 891 612 317
587 920 634 340
578 843 601 325
550 784 596 296
525 794 569 293
3,449 4,010 2,792 1,363

4,028 3,749 2,881 1,233
3,476 3,734 3,195 1,296
3,180 3,662 2,758 1,423
340 468 334 170

398 473 347 189
415 478 386 201
448 492 373 196
476 563 381 196
431 566 374 201
404 558 377 206
417 542 367 227
418 490 390 222
549 550 399 238
433 594 411 235
425 586 426 223
438 553 425 232
458 600 446 229
455 613 476 242
498 644 498 274
504 623 503 279
535 661 554 286
3,359 3,292 1,954 758

4,228 4,490 2,646 1,194
3,893 4,915 3,372 1,191
4,489 5,626 3,691 1,237
3,603 4,241 1,999 833

3,451 4,467 2,193 1,032
3,154 3,079 2,068 1,069
888 703 681 122

1,228 784 754 152
1,167 1,010 860 207
1,745 1,226 1,142 234
3,046 1,332 1,316 287
2,398 1,434 1,408 309
3,006 2,118 1,817 400
3,785 2,338 2,131 1,059
4,022 2,843 2,781 1,329
5,514 5,005 4,372 1,018

5,879 5,887 4,179 1,131
5,935 5,827 4,596 1,381
6,315 6,208 4,720 1,584
6,480 6,458 5,548 1,960
7,425 7,961 6,214 2,069
8,582 8,710 6,814 2,295
9,278 10,934 7,508 2,544
9,811 9,727 7,948 2,783
10,963 11,395 8,674 2,807
9,998 12,472 9,790 3,376
9,947 12,053 8,838 2,948
10,470 12,375 8,608 3,294
10,596 13,470 8,632 3,302
11,225 12,341 9,715 3,536
11,723 12,885 9,236 3,678
10,260 14,676 9,188 3,798
12,832 14,695 10,175 4,158
1,094,438 603,591 679,053 236,366
1,935,947 1,419,192 1,504,492 439,081
2,773 1,691 1,833 504

2,853 2,598 2,317 653
4,396 3,103 3,661 900
6,407 5,052 4,963 1,203
6,473 5,714 5,809 1,517
6,507 6,730 6,028 1,911
8,353 7,313 6,172 1,969
8,075 8,209 6,721 1,990
8,169 8,790 7,883 2,261
8,495 9,305 7,920 2,377
8,920 12,260 8,738 2,544
10,257 12,735 9,232 2,687
9,840 11,743 9,560 2,935

11,381 13,165 10,536 3,646
10,716 13,384 10,751 3,560
3,174 2,306 1,605 1,119

6,317 3,785 2,144 1,235
4,740 4,896 2,501 1,890
5,952 8,218 4,076 3,117
10,799 10,486 6,382 4,198
571 116 407 383

516 476 409 88
595 599 432 106
562 569 446 108
592 535 425 113
637 554 440 153
733 566 475 141
662 560 494 134
668 604 476 127
641 644 484 131
604 602 519 132
632 585 497 143
676 600 502 133
721 627 513 142
779 669 566 164
798 644 599 173
838 716 632 189
889 771 712 213
1,075 860 757 230
974 886 780 267
1,036 956 796 288
1,108 971 904 315
1,079 1,074 964 314
1,119 1,172 986 326
1,103 1,180 968 327
1,164 1,334 1,038 365
1,092 1,291 1,273 348
1,304,435 813,975 781,545 290,432

1,663,896 1,164,138 922,679 391,077
1,252,539 1,371,896 986,905 423,462
1,685,885 1,575,170 1,032,796 447,657
1,631,188 1,574,612 911,145 495,967
1,861,237 1,771,478 1,079,208 506,212
1,862,323 1,611,155 1,021,619 571,120
1,882,248 1,818,292 1,258,960 587,449
2,271,066 1,837,356 1,278,342 666,165
2,273,770 1,749,166 1,465,902 699,178
2,541,460 2,049,807 1,548,268 745,555
2,505,907 2,130,601 1,695,282 764,335
2,567,108 2,405,605 1,853,168 922,583
3,571,181 2,531,142 2,287,631 915,256
2,890,106 3,039,200 2,315,092 1,035,883
3,671,740 3,444,684 2,675,050 1,071,191
3,664,509 3,942,501 2,239,676 1,207,205
3,503,226 3,724,563 2,098,070 1,191,941
3,502,234 3,866,049 2,513,403 1,231,821
4,231,729 4,234,270 2,552,896 1,297,884
3,684,904 4,798,197 2,140,085 1,365,597
3,795,512 4,741,559 2,348,319 1,402,696
3,230,776 4,659,485 2,232,578 1,394,964
3,805,630 4,671,669 2,501,009 1,384,297
1,245 706 607 458

1,166 938 665 455
1,494 990 682 626
910 901 657 440
1,085 926 661 457

1,297 911 695 445
1,195 1,023 702 440
1,569 1,034 741 438

984 1,045 740 397
1,200 1,008 680 409
1,161 1,144 764 464
1,360 1,166 853 463
1,458 1,242 859 505
1,499 1,426 889 574
1,239 1,439 938 595
1,468 1,507 958 641
1,597 1,461 1,050 723
1,561 1,573 1,111 750
1,676 1,667 1,210 767
1,705 1,760 1,254 815
1,753 2,003 1,391 892
1,825 1,968 1,401 921
1,740 2,013 1,498 958
1,819 2,210 1,510 1,015
1,688 2,076 1,610 939
1,647 2,093 1,565 1,019
252 154 143

1,411 778 671 443
4,711 2,894 2,579 1,503
6,648 4,014 3,698 1,996
8,788 5,140 4,423 2,465
10,427 6,503 5,510 3,159
9,622 7,528 6,049 2,645
10,367 8,019 7,601 2,780
9,637 7,216 7,074 2,556
10,860 7,889 7,027 2,841
11,247 8,908 8,001 2,790
11,818 10,032 8,691 2,895
14,276 10,873 9,588 3,430
14,064 10,658 9,422 3,404

16,082 12,950 10,941 3,661
17,950 15,028 12,395 4,025
20,008 17,105 14,992 4,742
20,098 18,224 16,340 5,035
21,526 21,033 17,828 5,952
22,648 23,212 19,009 7,200
24,211 24,855 21,635 7,962
27,418 28,001 24,066 9,622
29,469 31,402 26,536 10,570
32,328 33,846 29,294 11,756
36,170 36,744 32,662 13,207
37,598 39,949 34,709 14,098
39,963 42,781 36,780 15,043
39,895 44,993 39,719 15,452
45,000 47,822 40,620 16,387
8,305 6,292 6,534 2,137

21,039 15,498 15,972 5,000
75,046 53,220 49,835 17,099
198,345 167,628 145,291 47,367
250,045 196,267 180,154 66,345
301,716 222,371 191,598 82,003
261,509 247,384 214,461 97,429
335,881 304,908 265,793 103,867
374,668 361,715 301,582 121,582
395,837 413,749 322,678 140,223
522,261 539,861 439,383 171,019
675,599 721,668 591,963 238,098
903,748 1,039,719 792,080 320,780
Distribution of labor income Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
By labor relationship
Salaried Self- employed Entrepreneurs

workers
Argentina
1986 72.7 27.3
1987 75.1 24.9
1988 76.6 23.4
1991 76.8 23.2
1992 74.4 25.6
15 main cities
1992 73.9 26.1
1993 73.8 26.2
1994 74.1 25.9
1995 68.1 21.1 10.8
1996 69.2 20.9 9.9
1997 70.0 20.3 9.7
1998 69.8 19.8 10.3
28 main cities
1998 69.2 20.4 10.4
1999 71.9 18.8 9.3
2000 72.5 19.1 8.4
2001 72.6 18.8 8.6
2002 72.6 18.3 9.2
2003 70.7 20.6 8.7
EPHC
2003-II 66.5 18.6 8.4
2004-I 67.6 18.3 7.9
2004-II 66.5 18.2 7.9
2005-I 68.0 17.5 8.2
2005-II 67.0 17.3 9.3
2006-I 68.7 16.5 8.5
2006-II 69.4 15.3 8.4
2007-I 70.4 15.1 8.3
2007-II 70.5 15.4 8.3
2008-I 71.6 15.3 7.4
2008-II 71.8 14.7 7.6
2009-I 70.8 15.3 7.8
2009-II 72.1 15.0 7.2
2010-I 71.2 15.3 7.4
2010-II 72.8 14.5 7.1
2011-I 73.1 14.3 7.2
2011-II 75.5 13.6 5.8
2012-I 74.9 14.5 5.1
2012-II 74.7 14.1 5.3
2013-I 74.2 15.0 5.7
2013-II 75.0 14.6 5.4
2014-I 74.9 14.9 4.6
2014-II 74.4 15.6 4.9
2015-I 75.2 15.1 4.7
2016-II 74.3 15.3 5.0

2017-I 74.3 14.8 5.5
2017-II 73.2 16.2 4.9
2018-I 73.6 14.9 5.8
2018-II 72.8 15.4 5.7
2019-I 72.7 15.5 5.7
2019-II 70.6 16.9 6.2
2020-I 75.3 13.1 4.2
2020-II 74.6 16.1 3.6
2021-I 72.6 16.8 4.5
2021-II 70.4 17.2 7.1
Bolivia
Urban
1992 55.0 33.6 11.4
1993 55.3 25.7 18.9
1997 48.0 31.9 20.1
National
1997 44.1 34.0 21.9
1999 59.7 34.2 6.1
2000 62.9 31.3 5.8
2001 60.4 32.1 7.5
2002 56.7 33.2 10.0
2005 52.7 30.4 16.8
2006 61.3 28.3 10.5
2007 57.9 27.1 15.0
2008 54.8 32.1 13.1
2009 55.8 30.5 13.7
2011 51.8 36.3 11.9
2012 52.2 34.4 13.4
2013 53.5 34.9 11.6
2014 47.7 36.4 15.9
2015 50.1 41.8 8.1
2016 53.5 36.4 10.2
2017 50.9 39.7 9.4
2018 51.9 41.9 6.2
2019 51.6 41.6 6.8
2020 45.8 46.0 8.2
2021 49.0 44.3 6.7
Brazil
1981 66.6 19.4 10.9
1982 66.1 18.9 11.5
1983 64.5 19.9 11.9
1984 63.7 20.5 12.1
1985 66.1 21.1 9.5
1986 59.0 22.7 14.6
1987 63.2 20.4 12.6
1988 64.9 19.4 12.0
1989 59.4 19.8 16.8
1990 61.7 21.3 17.0
New PNAD
1992 68.5 22.1 9.4
1993 63.5 22.3 14.2
1995 60.5 23.5 16.0
1996 60.4 24.6 15.0
1997 60.5 23.4 16.1
1998 61.8 22.5 15.7
1999 61.8 23.0 15.1
2001 63.4 21.5 15.0
2002 63.8 20.8 15.3
2003 63.7 21.1 15.2
2004 65.1 20.3 14.7
With Rural North
2004 64.7 20.6 14.7
2005 65.1 19.8 15.1
2006 65.2 19.1 15.6
2007 66.4 20.7 12.9
2008 67.2 18.3 14.5
2009 68.0 18.2 13.8
2011 68.6 20.4 11.0
2012 67.9 20.1 12.0
2013 68.4 19.1 12.5
2014 67.9 20.1 12.0
2015 68.4 20.4 11.2
PNADC
2012 69.0 19.1 11.9
2013 69.3 19.0 11.8
2014 69.1 19.6 11.3
2015 68.9 19.5 11.6
2016 68.4 19.4 12.2
2017 67.8 20.2 12.0
2018 67.2 20.0 12.9
2019 67.2 20.0 12.7
2020 67.4 19.7 12.9
2021 67.4 21.1 11.4
Chile
1990 57.6 26.1 14.3
1992 55.7 24.0 18.8
1996 56.9 23.6 18.6
1998 57.6 22.2 19.0
2000 72.4 11.6 11.9
2003 73.0 12.9 11.0
2006 75.6 15.5 8.4
2009 74.8 14.3 7.5
2011 78.4 15.7 4.9
2013 78.9 14.8 5.1
2015 79.0 14.5 5.7
2017 77.1 15.7 6.0
2020 78.0 15.0 5.2
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 66.1 23.6 8.0
2002 60.9 25.0 12.2
2003 61.2 26.4 10.5
2004 61.3 25.3 10.9
2005 61.9 24.2 10.9
GEIH-National
2008 59.9 29.3 10.6
2009 59.9 29.4 10.7
2010 59.6 29.7 10.7
2011 59.3 30.2 10.5
2012 60.4 29.4 10.2
2013 61.5 29.4 9.1
2014 62.9 29.0 8.1
2015 62.9 29.2 7.9
2016 63.1 29.8 7.1
2017 63.5 29.6 7.0
2018 63.3 29.6 7.1
2019 65.8 27.9 6.4
2020 68.6 25.9 5.5
2021 65.6 28.7 5.7
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 75.8 18.4 5.8
1990 76.8 16.8 6.3
1991 75.4 16.9 7.7
1992 77.0 15.8 7.2
1993 75.9 17.2 6.9
1994 72.6 16.6 10.8
1995 74.3 16.3 9.3
1996 74.2 15.8 10.0
1997 72.5 17.3 10.2
1998 73.2 14.9 11.9
1999 73.1 15.1 11.8
2000 72.3 18.7 8.9
2001 71.1 15.5 13.4
2002 71.4 15.4 13.1
2003 71.8 14.5 13.7
2004 73.3 14.5 12.2
2005 75.0 13.9 11.1
2006 72.4 14.2 13.4
2007 71.6 13.5 14.8
2008 70.9 14.1 15.1
2009 73.5 13.8 12.7
ENAHO
2010 77.5 14.5 8.0
2011 77.0 13.0 10.0
2012 77.5 14.3 8.2
2013 76.4 14.4 9.2
2014 78.3 11.4 10.2
2015 78.9 12.0 9.1
2016 79.7 11.7 8.5
2017 78.8 12.2 8.9
2018 80.8 11.8 7.3
2019 79.9 12.7 7.4
2020 84.1 9.6 6.3
2021 81.2 11.2 7.6
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 51.7 36.0 12.3
1997 55.2 36.2 8.6
ENFT 2
2000 49.9 35.6 8.8
2001 50.7 33.9 9.7
2002 50.7 33.1 11.2
2003 50.6 33.5 10.2
2004 49.9 32.2 12.6
2005 53.5 32.4 10.7
2006 53.7 31.8 9.5
2007 55.2 31.2 10.1
ENFT 4
2008 55.5 32.0 10.0
2009 51.9 33.8 11.0
2010 52.7 33.8 10.8
2011 53.1 35.5 8.4
2012 60.3 30.1 7.1
2013 57.0 30.3 10.0
2014 56.1 32.4 8.4
2015 58.4 29.6 7.3
2016 59.5 28.9 7.8
ECNFT
2016 55.2 35.9 8.7
2017 56.2 35.4 8.0
2018 57.9 33.2 8.7
2019 58.8 33.6 7.2
2020 56.9 34.9 7.5
2021 58.6 34.3 6.9
Ecuador
ECV
1994 59.5 25.1 13.9
1995 56.0 25.8 15.5
1998 56.2 20.1 19.6
1999 55.4 22.9 17.3
2006 62.0 18.8 15.6
ENEMDU
2003 59.4 28.8 10.8
2004 59.3 25.8 14.8
2005 59.2 25.8 14.6
2006 58.9 25.4 14.7
2007 58.9 23.2 17.4
2008 60.0 24.1 15.5
2009 64.2 25.3 9.7
2010 63.9 24.8 10.9
2011 63.1 27.8 8.8
2012 62.9 26.3 10.5
2013 66.2 23.2 10.4
2014 66.8 23.8 9.0
2015 67.4 22.5 9.8
2016 67.0 24.0 8.9
2017 64.9 26.1 9.0
2018 63.6 28.0 8.4
2019 63.2 29.1 7.7
2020 62.4 31.1 6.5
2021 62.7 29.3 8.0
El Salvador
2000 63.2 21.4 12.5
2001 65.7 21.3 10.3
2002 64.2 21.2 11.7
2003 66.2 20.3 11.0
2004 65.0 22.4 9.6
2005 69.1 18.7 8.9
2006 67.4 20.5 9.3
2007 65.6 19.1 12.0
2008 65.7 20.2 10.4
2009 64.8 21.2 10.1
2010 65.6 22.1 9.0
2011 66.7 22.1 8.0
2012 66.9 20.5 9.0
2013 66.1 20.8 9.4
2014 69.1 19.4 8.4
2015 67.8 21.0 8.3
2016 66.5 21.1 9.5
2017 69.9 19.9 7.4
2018 68.7 19.4 9.2
2019 67.7 20.3 9.0
2020 66.6 21.3 9.3
2021 71.1 21.0 5.9
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 59.6 24.2 16.2
2006 59.3 23.4 17.3
2011 62.2 23.8 12.8
2014 67.3 21.6 11.1
ENEI
2002 56.3 29.8 13.9
2003 58.4 26.9 14.7
2004 60.2 28.8 11.0
Honduras
DGEC
1991 58.6 24.5 16.9
1992 59.5 23.3 17.0
1993 58.4 24.1 17.3
1994 51.3 24.8 23.6
1995 50.7 23.7 25.5
1996 55.5 21.8 22.3
1997 54.8 23.9 21.2
1998 53.3 24.9 21.8
1999 54.0 25.3 20.7
INE
2001 54.6 25.0 19.7
2002 53.7 27.1 18.3
2003 50.8 27.5 19.0
2004 56.1 21.7 21.0
2005 58.3 23.7 16.8
2006 58.1 22.0 18.8
2007 56.1 21.5 21.5
2008 54.3 21.3 23.1
2009 56.4 23.0 19.5
2010 56.2 22.3 20.5
2011 58.3 18.8 22.0
2012 58.6 20.6 19.8
2013 62.2 20.4 16.1
2014 66.8 17.8 14.1
2015 65.2 20.1 13.5
2016 68.3 18.6 12.0
2017 66.1 18.9 14.0
2018 67.8 19.3 11.0
2019 67.1 17.7 13.6
Mexico
1989 67.0 22.2 10.8
1992 64.5 15.9 19.6
1994 72.5 16.8 10.6
1996 69.8 15.5 14.6
1998 69.5 16.0 14.4
2000 71.2 15.0 13.7
2002 72.2 16.2 11.5
2004 75.0 16.2 8.8
2005 72.8 16.0 11.2
2006 73.6 15.5 10.8
2008 75.9 7.5 16.5
2010 81.5 7.0 11.3
2012 78.4 7.4 13.8
2014 83.0 6.4 9.5
New Methodology
2016 77.2 10.2 12.3
2018 79.9 7.2 12.6
2020 80.2 6.9 12.6
Nicaragua
1993 55.7 34.0 1.4
1998 57.4 21.6 12.1
2001 54.4 27.0 18.5
2005 54.6 27.7 17.7
2009 57.6 37.7 4.7
2014 57.1 28.8 14.0
Panama
1989 82.4 10.7 4.9
1991 82.8 9.5 5.5
1995 78.6 11.9 6.8
1997 79.8 12.4 5.4
1998 78.3 13.2 5.6
1999 78.1 13.3 5.3
2000 76.9 14.8 5.8
2001 76.6 15.0 5.7
2002 74.4 14.7 6.9
2003 74.4 15.7 5.8
2004 75.0 14.6 6.6
2005 74.9 14.2 6.7
2006 75.8 14.2 6.9
2007 76.5 13.9 6.2
2008 75.3 13.6 7.7
2009 74.5 14.4 7.5
2010 76.9 13.8 6.4
2011 75.3 14.0 7.5
2012 77.5 13.4 6.3
2013 79.0 15.6 5.4
2014 77.4 15.7 6.9
2015 74.9 16.7 8.2
2016 75.5 15.7 8.7
2017 79.7 14.1 6.1
2018 75.1 16.3 8.6
2019 74.8 18.2 7.0
2021 76.6 16.0 7.4
Paraguay
1995 47.6 34.9 17.6
1997 51.2 31.9 16.9
1999 53.0 28.1 19.0
2001 52.3 27.0 20.4
2002 49.5 26.5 24.0
2003 50.1 33.1 16.7
2004 47.3 35.9 16.8
2005 50.7 32.4 16.8
2006 53.9 28.2 17.9
2007 49.1 28.2 22.7
2008 55.3 29.0 15.8
2009 54.2 31.1 14.7
2010 54.1 27.8 18.0
2011 52.0 29.0 19.0
2012 58.5 23.9 17.6
2013 58.6 23.7 17.7
2014 55.9 23.7 20.3
2015 60.3 24.1 15.5
2016 61.6 23.6 14.8
2017 59.8 21.2 18.9
2018 62.7 22.2 14.5
2019 63.9 21.9 14.3
2020 65.1 22.3 12.6
2021 63.8 24.0 12.2
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 55.6 29.3 15.2
1998 54.8 30.1 15.0
1999 58.2 29.0 12.8
2000 56.1 31.2 12.8
ENAHO 2
2001 57.2 31.2 11.5
2002 60.7 29.4 9.9
2003 55.0 31.3 13.7
ENAHO 3
2003 57.6 28.8 13.6
2004 57.2 30.0 12.7
2005 57.1 29.9 13.0
2006 59.9 27.5 12.6
2007 58.0 26.7 15.3
2008 56.6 28.8 14.5
2009 58.0 28.6 13.4
2010 56.9 28.7 14.4
2011 55.9 30.1 14.0
2012 57.1 28.8 14.1
2013 59.9 28.2 11.9
2014 60.4 28.9 10.7
2015 60.3 28.6 11.0
2016 60.0 29.5 10.5
2017 59.7 30.2 10.1
2018 59.5 30.3 10.2
2019 60.0 30.6 9.4
2020 62.3 30.6 7.1
2021 61.7 30.5 7.7
Uruguay
Urban
1989 69.2 16.6 14.2
1992 66.1 18.6 14.3
1995 67.3 20.1 11.5
1996 68.3 19.5 11.0
1997 68.1 19.9 11.1
1998 67.3 19.0 12.8
2000 69.5 18.8 10.7
2001 68.7 18.8 10.6
2002 69.2 19.4 9.6
2003 69.1 19.3 9.9
2004 68.2 19.6 10.4
2005 69.0 18.4 10.8
2006 70.1 17.1 11.7
National
2006 68.2 17.9 12.8
2007 67.6 17.9 13.0
2008 66.5 17.9 13.7
2009 67.9 17.0 13.0
2010 68.5 17.2 12.1
2011 70.3 16.6 11.1
2012 73.0 16.0 8.8
2013 72.2 15.9 9.6
2014 73.1 15.8 9.0
2015 73.1 16.5 8.3
2016 73.1 16.7 8.0
2017 72.5 17.1 8.3
2018 72.8 17.4 7.7
2019 73.8 16.9 7.0
2020 75.4 16.6 6.1
New Methodology
2021-II 74.6 16.4 7.1
Venezuela
1989 57.9 16.4 13.4
1992 53.8 18.2 13.4
1995 62.4 26.8 10.8
1997 64.2 25.9 9.9
1998 59.9 29.7 10.4
1999 61.1 28.3 10.5
2000 60.6 30.7 8.7
2001 62.9 25.7 11.4
2002 64.7 25.6 9.7
2003 64.1 27.1 8.7
2004 65.0 26.8 8.1
2005 65.1 26.5 8.4
2006 66.3 26.5 7.2
Inequality in earnings Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
Gini coefficients for the distribution of wages and earnings
Hourly wages in main job

Male workers a
All Monetary Monetary
salaried workers All
Argentina
1986 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.397
1987 0.422 0.422 0.422 0.419
1988 0.435 0.435 0.435 0.411
1991 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.395
1992 0.395 0.395 0.395 0.411
15 main cities
1992 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.412
1993 0.390 0.390 0.390 0.397
1994 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.397
1995 0.410 0.410 0.410 0.420
1996 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.417
1997 0.413 0.413 0.413 0.404
1998 0.434 0.434 0.434 0.438
28 main cities
1998 0.435 0.435 0.435 0.436
1999 0.424 0.424 0.424 0.417
2000 0.433 0.433 0.433 0.437
2001 0.445 0.445 0.445 0.444
2002 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.465
2003 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.460
EPHC
2003-II 0.486 0.486 0.486 0.468
2004-I 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.457
2004-II 0.457 0.457 0.457 0.430
2005-I 0.450 0.450 0.450 0.426
2005-II 0.461 0.461 0.461 0.430
2006-I 0.452 0.452 0.452 0.423
2006-II 0.459 0.459 0.459 0.463
2007-I 0.435 0.435 0.435 0.413
2007-II 0.440 0.440 0.440 0.421
2008-I 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.395
2008-II 0.427 0.427 0.427 0.407
2009-I 0.423 0.423 0.423 0.395
2009-II 0.409 0.409 0.409 0.389
2010-I 0.416 0.416 0.416 0.381
2010-II 0.411 0.411 0.411 0.384
2011-I 0.409 0.409 0.409 0.386
2011-II 0.410 0.410 0.410 0.390
2012-I 0.394 0.394 0.394 0.368
2012-II 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.379
2013-I 0.404 0.404 0.404 0.381
2013-II 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.365
2014-I 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.373
2014-II 0.401 0.401 0.401 0.359
2015-I 0.390 0.390 0.390 0.359
2016-II 0.404 0.404 0.404 0.379

2017-I 0.399 0.399 0.399 0.368
2017-II 0.391 0.391 0.391 0.363
2018-I 0.402 0.402 0.402 0.368
2018-II 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.366
2019-I 0.406 0.406 0.406 0.378
2019-II 0.410 0.410 0.410 0.382
2020-I 0.447 0.447 0.447 0.434
2020-II 0.444 0.444 0.444 0.409
2021-I 0.446 0.446 0.446 0.402
2021-II 0.430 0.430 0.430 0.413
Bolivia
Urban
1992 0.569 0.569 0.569 0.503
1993 0.541 0.541 0.541 0.500
1997 0.542 0.542 0.542 0.529
National
1997 0.580 0.580 0.542 0.589
1999 0.608 0.612 0.565 0.573
2000 0.620 0.626 0.585 0.629
2001 0.586 0.597 0.556 0.607
2002 0.591 0.602 0.568 0.597
2005 0.590 0.598 0.567 0.563
2006 0.596 0.601 0.580 0.595
2007 0.557 0.568 0.527 0.537
2008 0.536 0.542 0.500 0.525
2009 0.500 0.506 0.478 0.479
2011 0.477 0.486 0.459 0.436
2012 0.492 0.497 0.463 0.450
2013 0.510 0.516 0.472 0.471
2014 0.497 0.502 0.467 0.459
2015 0.475 0.478 0.442 0.435
2016 0.482 0.486 0.443 0.441
2017 0.485 0.487 0.437 0.439
2018 0.468 0.470 0.420 0.418
2019 0.442 0.445 0.408 0.401
2020 0.480 0.483 0.440 0.429
2021 0.447 0.450 0.414 0.417
Brazil
1981 0.563 0.564 0.559 0.546
1982 0.570 0.570 0.564 0.553
1983 0.575 0.576 0.572 0.558
1984 0.581 0.581 0.578 0.556
1985 0.559 0.559 0.552 0.522
1986 0.581 0.581 0.579 0.563
1987 0.590 0.590 0.582 0.567
1988 0.613 0.613 0.607 0.597
1989 0.626 0.626 0.623 0.608
1990 0.597 0.597 0.590 0.573
New PNAD
1993 0.594 0.594 0.586 0.582
1995 0.586 0.586 0.578 0.576
1996 0.589 0.588 0.582 0.578
1997 0.585 0.585 0.577 0.579
1998 0.578 0.577 0.570 0.572
1999 0.569 0.568 0.563 0.560
2001 0.575 0.574 0.570 0.573
2002 0.565 0.565 0.562 0.561
2003 0.573 0.572 0.570 0.573
2004 0.561 0.561 0.559 0.566
With Rural North
2004 0.560 0.560 0.559 0.566
2005 0.553 0.553 0.552 0.552
2006 0.551 0.550 0.548 0.550
2007 0.550 0.550 0.547 0.546
2008 0.524 0.523 0.524 0.519
2009 0.528 0.527 0.528 0.526
2011 0.579 0.579 0.578 0.579
2012 0.568 0.568 0.570 0.569
2013 0.600 0.600 0.601 0.593
2014 0.558 0.557 0.559 0.559
2015 0.610 0.609 0.614 0.604
PNADC
2012 0.502 0.501 0.499 0.493
2013 0.498 0.497 0.497 0.495
2014 0.490 0.490 0.489 0.482
2015 0.485 0.484 0.483 0.480
2016 0.488 0.487 0.485 0.479
2017 0.486 0.486 0.484 0.484
2018 0.491 0.490 0.489 0.482
2019 0.493 0.493 0.492 0.486
2020 0.484 0.484 0.483 0.478
2021 0.489 0.489 0.489 0.479
Chile
1990 0.566 0.566 0.560 0.568
1992 0.553 0.553 0.555 0.556
1996 0.589 0.589 0.587 0.593
1998 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.562
2000 0.525 0.522 0.519 0.540
2003 0.505 0.506 0.505 0.514
2006 0.495 0.496 0.494 0.486
2009 0.497 0.498 0.501 0.492
2011 0.500 0.502 0.501 0.501
2013 0.512 0.513 0.513 0.515
2015 0.469 0.470 0.473 0.474
2017 0.482 0.481 0.478 0.484
2020
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 0.516 0.530 0.525 0.503
2002 0.568 0.583 0.572 0.558
2003 0.528 0.542 0.539 0.506
2004 0.552 0.564 0.565 0.538
2005 0.534 0.549 0.544 0.514
GEIH-National
2008 0.510 0.518 0.518 0.492
2009 0.507 0.516 0.518 0.486
2010 0.513 0.522 0.523 0.493
2011 0.511 0.519 0.521 0.485
2012 0.503 0.511 0.512 0.476
2013 0.504 0.512 0.514 0.480
2014 0.504 0.511 0.511 0.482
2015 0.488 0.495 0.495 0.459
2016 0.481 0.488 0.488 0.456
2017 0.469 0.476 0.475 0.442
2018 0.475 0.481 0.485 0.442
2019 0.480 0.486 0.487 0.454
2020 0.489 0.494 0.497 0.467
2021 0.470 0.474 0.478 0.442
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 0.411 0.411 0.422 0.398
1990 0.407 0.407 0.417 0.397
1991 0.417 0.417 0.427 0.405
1992 0.402 0.402 0.420 0.393
1993 0.422 0.422 0.441 0.407
1994 0.429 0.429 0.436 0.418
1995 0.420 0.420 0.417 0.415
1996 0.427 0.427 0.429 0.416
1997 0.433 0.433 0.430 0.405
1998 0.423 0.423 0.439 0.401
1999 0.441 0.441 0.446 0.427
2000 0.441 0.441 0.460 0.422
2001 0.462 0.462 0.461 0.455
2002 0.462 0.462 0.459 0.446
2003 0.446 0.446 0.453 0.436
2004 0.438 0.438 0.451 0.422
2005 0.442 0.442 0.450 0.424
2006 0.446 0.446 0.455 0.440
2007 0.460 0.460 0.470 0.477
2008 0.450 0.450 0.464 0.451
2009 0.456 0.456 0.466 0.449
ENAHO
2010 0.486 0.492 0.494 0.474
2011 0.486 0.491 0.491 0.462
2012 0.497 0.500 0.500 0.465
2013 0.510 0.510 0.499 0.506
2014 0.503 0.507 0.508 0.492
2015 0.483 0.484 0.481 0.467
2016 0.512 0.514 0.498 0.474
2017 0.477 0.479 0.483 0.463
2018 0.478 0.480 0.486 0.441
2019 0.453 0.456 0.457 0.432
2020 0.461 0.463 0.460 0.437
2021 0.458 0.458 0.463 0.458
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 0.477 0.477 0.510 0.463
1997 0.448 0.448 0.463 0.451
ENFT 2
2000 0.483 0.483 0.490 0.480
2001 0.481 0.481 0.490 0.476
2002 0.464 0.464 0.473 0.451
2003 0.489 0.489 0.499 0.478
2004 0.447 0.447 0.455 0.432
2005 0.484 0.485 0.496 0.457
2006 0.474 0.474 0.483 0.448
2007 0.451 0.453 0.462 0.436
ENFT 4
2008 0.461 0.466 0.475 0.445
2009 0.470 0.470 0.483 0.459
2010 0.474 0.477 0.480 0.446
2011 0.466 0.468 0.471 0.453
2012 0.461 0.459 0.463 0.439
2013 0.459 0.462 0.471 0.436
2014 0.436 0.440 0.441 0.423
2015 0.438 0.440 0.441 0.422
2016 0.424 0.430 0.433 0.393
ECNFT
2016 0.454 0.468 0.475 0.437
2017 0.438 0.447 0.450 0.393
2018 0.462 0.473 0.485 0.419
2019 0.438 0.451 0.453 0.394
2020 0.434 0.444 0.455 0.376
2021 0.424 0.437 0.446 0.397
Ecuador
ECV
1994 0.548 0.569 0.540 0.533
1995 0.550 0.565 0.552 0.520
1998 0.536 0.559 0.548 0.512
1999 0.599 0.619 0.578 0.596
2006 0.550 0.571 0.542 0.530
ENEMDU
2003 0.551 0.556 0.561 0.527
2004 0.523 0.534 0.534 0.524
2005 0.497 0.505 0.504 0.487
2006 0.483 0.490 0.490 0.458
2007 0.505 0.507 0.508 0.493
2008 0.464 0.466 0.461 0.452
2009 0.470 0.477 0.472 0.462
2010 0.463 0.469 0.473 0.455
2011 0.425 0.429 0.418 0.388
2012 0.424 0.428 0.411 0.404
2013 0.426 0.432 0.435 0.408
2014 0.406 0.412 0.411 0.389
2015 0.418 0.420 0.413 0.406
2016 0.432 0.432 0.436 0.400
2017 0.413 0.414 0.406 0.388
2018 0.411 0.417 0.419 0.392
2019 0.406 0.410 0.405 0.381
2020 0.425 0.423 0.419 0.407
2021 0.410 0.416 0.419 0.387
El Salvador
2000 0.502 0.512 0.504 0.480
2001 0.498 0.506 0.494 0.505
2002 0.533 0.543 0.542 0.518
2003 0.463 0.475 0.481 0.468
2004 0.469 0.481 0.472 0.474
2005 0.502 0.514 0.510 0.492
2006 0.474 0.484 0.494 0.460
2007 0.469 0.480 0.486 0.474
2008 0.468 0.480 0.487 0.460
2009 0.455 0.468 0.467 0.453
2010 0.435 0.447 0.444 0.429
2011 0.436 0.448 0.449 0.422
2012 0.433 0.445 0.443 0.427
2013 0.458 0.471 0.474 0.431
2014 0.432 0.444 0.439 0.422
2015 0.432 0.443 0.434 0.418
2016 0.412 0.425 0.417 0.393
2017 0.398 0.410 0.401 0.380
2018 0.396 0.407 0.402 0.381
2019 0.404 0.415 0.412 0.386
2020 0.450 0.460 0.468 0.415
2021 0.400 0.407 0.403 0.372
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 0.585 0.595 0.599 0.583
2006 0.541 0.554 0.545 0.538
2011 0.526 0.535 0.532 0.552
2014 0.508 0.516 0.508 0.498
ENEI
2002 0.576 0.582 0.564 0.566
2003 0.541 0.555 0.547 0.536
2004 0.511 0.519 0.495 0.511
Honduras
DGEC
1991 0.511 0.511 0.522 0.488
1992 0.506 0.506 0.521 0.494
1993 0.508 0.508 0.516 0.510
1994 0.527 0.527 0.510 0.515
1995 0.532 0.532 0.513 0.549
1996 0.542 0.542 0.523 0.511
1997 0.510 0.510 0.489 0.488
1998 0.515 0.537 0.500 0.507
1999 0.502 0.516 0.497 0.489
INE
2001 0.556 0.556 0.530 0.555
2002 0.560 0.558 0.525 0.554
2003 0.579 0.592 0.558 0.571
2004 0.582 0.585 0.539 0.596
2005 0.621 0.616 0.553 0.622
2006 0.576 0.574 0.530 0.585
2007 0.588 0.598 0.545 0.601
2008 0.610 0.626 0.575 0.618
2009 0.582 0.592 0.535 0.580
2010 0.596 0.611 0.530 0.594
2012 0.646 0.655 0.551 0.622
2013 0.600 0.609 0.534 0.583
2014 0.575 0.583 0.527 0.559
2015 0.542 0.537 0.512 0.516
2016 0.564 0.559 0.528 0.555
2017 0.551 0.542 0.508 0.538
2018 0.562 0.545 0.515 0.528
2019 0.519 0.506 0.479 0.504
Mexico
1989 0.509 0.514 0.491 0.496
1992 0.549 0.556 0.538 0.534
1994 0.538 0.548 0.528 0.526
1996 0.545 0.548 0.530 0.546
1998 0.553 0.559 0.526 0.530
2000 0.544 0.550 0.532 0.547
2002 0.525 0.525 0.499 0.506
2004
2005
2006
2008 0.532 0.531 0.521 0.529
2010 0.500 0.502 0.490 0.484
2012 0.536 0.532 0.519 0.542
2014 0.523 0.526 0.518 0.503
New Methodology
2016 0.543 0.539 0.526 0.506
2018 0.532 0.527 0.514 0.502
2020 0.545 0.547 0.537 0.509
Nicaragua
1993 0.524 0.544 0.518 0.557
1998 0.566 0.593 0.600 0.584
2001 0.550 0.579 0.588 0.543
2005 0.491 0.529 0.521 0.515
2009 0.466 0.510 0.491 0.483
2014 0.501 0.531 0.528 0.489
Panama
1989 0.462 0.462 0.467 0.439
1991 0.477 0.477 0.482 0.456
1995 0.483 0.483 0.481 0.478
1997 0.486 0.486 0.483 0.481
1998 0.556 0.556 0.546 0.508
1999 0.493 0.493 0.487 0.469
2000 0.536 0.536 0.526 0.507
2001 0.509 0.499 0.463 0.512
2002 0.536 0.532 0.507 0.515
2003 0.512 0.508 0.474 0.504
2004 0.509 0.510 0.477 0.494
2005 0.500 0.500 0.465 0.479
2006 0.502 0.502 0.470 0.484
2007 0.487 0.487 0.459 0.467
2008 0.477 0.477 0.452 0.468
2009 0.491 0.491 0.468 0.474
2010 0.483 0.479 0.455 0.480
2011 0.480 0.474 0.452 0.468
2012 0.501 0.500 0.473 0.493
2013 0.480 0.476 0.458 0.461
2014 0.471 0.466 0.453 0.449
2015 0.487 0.484 0.475 0.490
2016 0.495 0.493 0.485 0.471
2017 0.473 0.468 0.453 0.459
2018 0.483 0.477 0.462 0.454
2019 0.491 0.486 0.477 0.495
Paraguay
1995 0.557 0.557 0.534 0.549
1997 0.543 0.543 0.528 0.543
1999 0.532 0.532 0.493 0.514
2001 0.560 0.560 0.532 0.565
2002 0.591 0.591 0.516 0.633
2003 0.579 0.579 0.548 0.563
2004 0.563 0.563 0.531 0.545
2005 0.550 0.550 0.541 0.533
2006 0.525 0.525 0.503 0.520
2007 0.562 0.562 0.523 0.510
2008 0.537 0.537 0.500 0.519
2009 0.536 0.536 0.481 0.524
2010 0.549 0.549 0.507 0.495
2011 0.559 0.559 0.508 0.552
2012 0.507 0.507 0.472 0.482
2013 0.501 0.501 0.477 0.495
2014 0.534 0.534 0.498 0.539
2015 0.484 0.484 0.467 0.481
2016 0.498 0.498 0.470 0.486
2017 0.511 0.511 0.493 0.492
2018 0.489 0.489 0.469 0.462
2019 0.461 0.461 0.440 0.460
2020 0.458 0.458 0.433 0.437
2021 0.457 0.457 0.438 0.402
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 0.537 0.576 0.539 0.519
1998 0.536 0.582 0.546 0.533
1999 0.538 0.584 0.547 0.503
2000 0.525 0.566 0.502 0.536
ENAHO 2
2001 0.576 0.612 0.582 0.564
2002 0.576 0.613 0.585 0.551
2003 0.523 0.566 0.533 0.502
ENAHO 3
2003 0.566 0.606 0.577 0.569
2004 0.528 0.569 0.540 0.513
2005 0.536 0.572 0.545 0.509
2006 0.534 0.569 0.540 0.508
2007 0.549 0.586 0.557 0.520
2008 0.528 0.565 0.536 0.506
2009 0.528 0.565 0.540 0.498
2010 0.520 0.553 0.528 0.487
2011 0.514 0.546 0.517 0.488
2012 0.519 0.550 0.523 0.502
2013 0.504 0.534 0.501 0.482
2014 0.499 0.530 0.500 0.477
2015 0.486 0.517 0.484 0.460
2016 0.489 0.519 0.486 0.452
2017 0.495 0.524 0.488 0.470
2018 0.481 0.507 0.482 0.464
2019 0.479 0.506 0.483 0.448
2020 0.494 0.527 0.502 0.460
2021 0.470 0.500 0.476 0.431
Uruguay
Urban
1989 0.421 0.436 0.436 0.383
1992 0.448 0.466 0.466 0.404
1995 0.442 0.459 0.459 0.414
1996 0.440 0.459 0.459 0.414
1997 0.451 0.470 0.470 0.431
1998 0.451 0.471 0.471 0.430
2000 0.443 0.462 0.462 0.413
2001 0.478 0.486 0.486 0.473
2002 0.489 0.498 0.498 0.476
2003 0.483 0.492 0.492 0.485
2004 0.499 0.508 0.508 0.484
2005 0.489 0.498 0.498 0.482
2006 0.509 0.516 0.516 0.506
National
2006 0.509 0.519 0.516 0.502
2007 0.496 0.504 0.503 0.471
2008 0.486 0.494 0.493 0.458
2009 0.486 0.494 0.493 0.459
2010 0.477 0.484 0.482 0.449
2011 0.442 0.450 0.448 0.413
2012 0.413 0.418 0.415 0.381
2013 0.412 0.417 0.417 0.381
2014 0.407 0.412 0.412 0.375
2015 0.404 0.410 0.409 0.374
2016 0.402 0.406 0.406 0.372
2017 0.401 0.406 0.406 0.372
2018 0.397 0.402 0.402 0.372
2019 0.396 0.401 0.402 0.373
2020 0.417 0.421 0.422 0.404
New Methodology
2021-II 0.404 0.408 0.408 0.378
Venezuela
1989 0.378 0.378 0.373 0.366
1992 0.373 0.373 0.379 0.358
1995 0.429 0.429 0.438 0.418
1997 0.477 0.477 0.480 0.477
1998 0.461 0.461 0.454 0.456
1999 0.437 0.437 0.444 0.429
2000 0.441 0.441 0.437 0.410
2001 0.459 0.459 0.424 0.444
2002 0.455 0.455 0.407 0.435
2003 0.442 0.442 0.423 0.414
2004 0.428 0.428 0.428 0.401
2005 0.435 0.435 0.435 0.409
2006 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.356
and The World Bank)
ges in main job Labor income

Male workers aged 25-55
Education All Only Monetary
Low Mid High monetary and urban
0.290 0.360 0.385 0.390 0.390 0.390

0.338 0.344 0.396 0.414 0.414 0.414
0.303 0.375 0.368 0.433 0.433 0.433
0.291 0.368 0.399 0.396 0.396 0.396
0.314 0.358 0.413 0.387 0.387 0.387
0.319 0.362 0.419 0.396 0.396 0.396

0.305 0.354 0.402 0.398 0.398 0.398
0.307 0.345 0.396 0.400 0.400 0.400
0.311 0.371 0.417 0.440 0.440 0.440
0.320 0.357 0.412 0.443 0.443 0.443
0.324 0.333 0.396 0.436 0.436 0.436
0.332 0.369 0.419 0.461 0.461 0.461
0.332 0.370 0.419 0.461 0.461 0.461

0.335 0.354 0.400 0.452 0.452 0.452
0.351 0.378 0.401 0.459 0.459 0.459
0.365 0.375 0.425 0.476 0.476 0.476
0.360 0.401 0.440 0.498 0.498 0.498
0.328 0.399 0.458 0.478 0.478 0.478
0.405 0.408 0.451 0.491 0.491 0.491

0.381 0.404 0.451 0.481 0.481 0.481
0.363 0.384 0.398 0.473 0.473 0.473
0.344 0.362 0.422 0.467 0.467 0.467
0.371 0.371 0.402 0.468 0.468 0.468
0.358 0.353 0.414 0.451 0.451 0.451
0.335 0.362 0.514 0.451 0.451 0.451
0.344 0.350 0.414 0.439 0.439 0.439
0.373 0.355 0.405 0.439 0.439 0.439
0.353 0.348 0.373 0.422 0.422 0.422
0.358 0.373 0.375 0.423 0.423 0.423
0.352 0.354 0.374 0.424 0.424 0.424
0.359 0.338 0.373 0.418 0.418 0.418
0.354 0.350 0.352 0.417 0.417 0.417
0.344 0.335 0.367 0.413 0.413 0.413
0.346 0.344 0.372 0.404 0.404 0.404
0.335 0.341 0.386 0.407 0.407 0.407
0.325 0.334 0.350 0.394 0.394 0.394
0.335 0.367 0.347 0.393 0.393 0.393
0.342 0.329 0.383 0.397 0.397 0.397
0.320 0.325 0.354 0.387 0.387 0.387
0.328 0.347 0.349 0.389 0.389 0.389
0.326 0.329 0.333 0.399 0.399 0.399
0.340 0.317 0.348 0.385 0.385 0.385
0.362 0.339 0.352 0.402 0.402 0.402

0.345 0.323 0.350 0.400 0.400 0.400
0.328 0.336 0.338 0.398 0.398 0.398
0.324 0.321 0.367 0.403 0.403 0.403
0.343 0.337 0.342 0.404 0.404 0.404
0.349 0.329 0.362 0.413 0.413 0.413
0.355 0.340 0.362 0.420 0.420 0.420
0.395 0.408 0.407 0.421 0.421 0.421
0.349 0.372 0.392 0.417 0.417 0.417
0.363 0.359 0.387 0.427 0.427 0.427
0.390 0.344 0.414 0.427 0.427 0.427
0.475 0.475 0.463 0.496 0.496 0.496

0.379 0.451 0.473 0.534 0.534 0.534
0.450 0.484 0.489 0.534 0.534 0.534
0.577 0.537 0.502 0.568 0.568 0.534
0.558 0.447 0.488 0.573 0.576 0.520
0.564 0.495 0.543 0.593 0.597 0.555
0.597 0.486 0.520 0.565 0.574 0.545
0.562 0.503 0.494 0.574 0.583 0.554
0.518 0.521 0.456 0.563 0.571 0.536
0.532 0.450 0.553 0.538 0.540 0.511
0.535 0.476 0.437 0.536 0.545 0.508
0.564 0.466 0.430 0.508 0.512 0.480
0.487 0.449 0.421 0.495 0.499 0.478
0.465 0.404 0.384 0.456 0.464 0.432
0.494 0.419 0.382 0.469 0.474 0.444
0.509 0.421 0.425 0.480 0.485 0.441
0.500 0.407 0.408 0.477 0.481 0.447
0.471 0.383 0.388 0.439 0.442 0.402
0.477 0.382 0.389 0.442 0.444 0.397
0.457 0.395 0.387 0.439 0.440 0.377
0.394 0.370 0.397 0.396 0.398 0.342
0.406 0.332 0.384 0.407 0.409 0.368
0.417 0.361 0.417 0.443 0.444 0.395
0.413 0.366 0.407 0.399 0.401 0.359
0.446 0.443 0.444 0.559 0.559 0.552

0.450 0.431 0.382 0.564 0.565 0.559
0.464 0.436 0.393 0.579 0.579 0.571
0.467 0.440 0.395 0.578 0.578 0.574
0.452 0.405 0.334 0.554 0.554 0.546
0.478 0.444 0.433 0.580 0.580 0.578
0.474 0.454 0.418 0.583 0.584 0.576
0.492 0.500 0.432 0.608 0.608 0.603
0.523 0.509 0.477 0.625 0.625 0.622
0.488 0.468 0.419 0.597 0.598 0.592
0.486 0.489 0.484 0.596 0.596 0.587

0.480 0.466 0.449 0.581 0.581 0.575
0.489 0.490 0.449 0.577 0.577 0.570
0.481 0.483 0.456 0.577 0.576 0.568
0.461 0.458 0.456 0.571 0.571 0.564
0.452 0.459 0.441 0.563 0.563 0.556
0.452 0.477 0.480 0.563 0.563 0.558
0.444 0.467 0.447 0.560 0.560 0.557
0.458 0.472 0.487 0.552 0.551 0.548
0.449 0.493 0.471 0.544 0.544 0.541
0.449 0.493 0.472 0.544 0.543 0.541

0.430 0.476 0.465 0.540 0.540 0.538
0.443 0.462 0.468 0.538 0.537 0.535
0.442 0.470 0.483 0.525 0.524 0.522
0.403 0.437 0.479 0.518 0.517 0.517
0.403 0.441 0.500 0.514 0.514 0.513
0.487 0.533 0.534 0.499 0.498 0.494
0.449 0.510 0.554 0.495 0.494 0.490
0.486 0.533 0.579 0.497 0.496 0.493
0.448 0.471 0.572 0.488 0.487 0.485
0.479 0.503 0.640 0.484 0.483 0.479
0.386 0.408 0.453 0.501 0.501 0.497

0.375 0.406 0.458 0.496 0.496 0.493
0.369 0.391 0.444 0.495 0.494 0.491
0.361 0.390 0.455 0.487 0.487 0.483
0.352 0.368 0.453 0.495 0.494 0.491
0.361 0.382 0.466 0.495 0.495 0.492
0.364 0.384 0.466 0.503 0.502 0.500
0.356 0.376 0.475 0.504 0.503 0.501
0.351 0.355 0.466 0.497 0.497 0.495
0.340 0.364 0.468 0.497 0.496 0.495
0.497 0.482 0.537 0.536 0.536 0.526

0.418 0.473 0.496 0.546 0.546 0.547
0.455 0.522 0.550 0.556 0.556 0.548
0.423 0.463 0.522 0.554 0.554 0.547
0.377 0.414 0.511 0.533 0.529 0.527
0.348 0.379 0.503 0.511 0.511 0.509
0.366 0.382 0.462 0.488 0.489 0.488
0.391 0.391 0.466 0.476 0.477 0.481
0.396 0.375 0.488 0.479 0.481 0.483
0.367 0.393 0.518 0.480 0.480 0.482
0.343 0.355 0.472 0.463 0.462 0.465
0.327 0.364 0.491 0.468 0.467 0.466
0.483 0.482 0.481
0.343 0.390 0.453 0.518 0.530 0.522

0.410 0.448 0.477 0.540 0.554 0.540
0.364 0.406 0.447 0.508 0.521 0.515
0.359 0.424 0.494 0.524 0.535 0.532
0.354 0.398 0.466 0.513 0.526 0.516
0.356 0.389 0.464 0.502 0.509 0.506

0.345 0.385 0.461 0.504 0.512 0.511
0.343 0.384 0.464 0.513 0.521 0.518
0.345 0.369 0.464 0.507 0.514 0.513
0.346 0.371 0.453 0.502 0.509 0.505
0.343 0.357 0.467 0.502 0.508 0.506
0.333 0.360 0.471 0.498 0.504 0.499
0.332 0.338 0.460 0.483 0.489 0.484
0.321 0.338 0.457 0.478 0.484 0.479
0.313 0.317 0.452 0.466 0.471 0.466
0.307 0.318 0.461 0.468 0.473 0.472
0.321 0.317 0.467 0.477 0.483 0.478
0.327 0.338 0.478 0.488 0.493 0.490
0.312 0.311 0.466 0.473 0.477 0.475
0.342 0.338 0.352 0.407 0.407 0.415

0.339 0.327 0.346 0.405 0.405 0.409
0.336 0.337 0.405 0.415 0.415 0.422
0.325 0.332 0.343 0.404 0.404 0.412
0.332 0.357 0.390 0.406 0.406 0.413
0.351 0.362 0.360 0.422 0.422 0.424
0.349 0.347 0.362 0.423 0.423 0.425
0.357 0.357 0.357 0.420 0.420 0.410
0.342 0.345 0.380 0.423 0.423 0.422
0.331 0.340 0.351 0.423 0.423 0.425
0.373 0.365 0.361 0.436 0.436 0.441
0.363 0.356 0.361 0.432 0.432 0.439
0.364 0.409 0.400 0.464 0.464 0.461
0.339 0.382 0.383 0.463 0.463 0.460
0.340 0.374 0.386 0.454 0.454 0.456
0.307 0.357 0.375 0.435 0.435 0.438
0.328 0.381 0.373 0.440 0.440 0.442
0.324 0.371 0.419 0.454 0.454 0.461
0.342 0.394 0.475 0.459 0.459 0.466
0.336 0.379 0.416 0.455 0.455 0.467
0.348 0.367 0.410 0.459 0.459 0.467
0.422 0.417 0.379 0.466 0.471 0.465

0.380 0.391 0.386 0.479 0.483 0.480
0.358 0.439 0.358 0.470 0.473 0.470
0.393 0.441 0.469 0.487 0.488 0.485
0.464 0.388 0.374 0.470 0.470 0.467
0.370 0.398 0.390 0.479 0.480 0.474
0.365 0.400 0.407 0.492 0.494 0.489
0.344 0.399 0.409 0.477 0.478 0.477
0.339 0.370 0.363 0.467 0.469 0.467
0.336 0.352 0.355 0.464 0.466 0.465
0.358 0.357 0.372 0.480 0.482 0.478
0.342 0.343 0.432 0.471 0.472 0.471
0.432 0.441 0.431 0.468 0.468 0.499

0.421 0.406 0.419 0.432 0.432 0.445
0.434 0.407 0.430 0.496 0.496 0.501
0.426 0.448 0.446 0.482 0.482 0.495
0.398 0.407 0.399 0.479 0.479 0.488
0.419 0.450 0.433 0.482 0.482 0.495
0.390 0.390 0.398 0.479 0.479 0.492
0.423 0.411 0.415 0.476 0.475 0.482
0.408 0.405 0.413 0.484 0.483 0.492
0.392 0.381 0.418 0.465 0.466 0.477
0.370 0.413 0.405 0.459 0.458 0.468

0.385 0.402 0.435 0.474 0.473 0.485
0.402 0.389 0.413 0.466 0.467 0.476
0.384 0.427 0.417 0.471 0.469 0.478
0.386 0.395 0.421 0.455 0.448 0.457
0.361 0.372 0.426 0.466 0.466 0.474
0.409 0.377 0.391 0.435 0.435 0.437
0.379 0.350 0.411 0.455 0.456 0.462
0.358 0.334 0.371 0.447 0.450 0.454
0.426 0.398 0.429 0.431 0.441 0.445

0.361 0.356 0.403 0.429 0.434 0.437
0.363 0.369 0.456 0.455 0.464 0.473
0.344 0.353 0.413 0.424 0.433 0.436
0.320 0.357 0.423 0.429 0.437 0.445
0.333 0.369 0.442 0.390 0.399 0.403
0.519 0.454 0.482 0.538 0.556 0.535

0.506 0.454 0.433 0.562 0.577 0.565
0.446 0.489 0.456 0.549 0.568 0.543
0.624 0.486 0.497 0.607 0.625 0.586
0.459 0.449 0.473 0.561 0.579 0.547
0.447 0.476 0.522 0.511 0.517 0.513

0.415 0.449 0.534 0.527 0.534 0.532
0.421 0.409 0.464 0.501 0.509 0.504
0.377 0.402 0.441 0.489 0.496 0.491
0.387 0.433 0.497 0.525 0.526 0.521
0.388 0.409 0.433 0.483 0.484 0.478
0.400 0.401 0.462 0.467 0.473 0.468
0.375 0.382 0.471 0.463 0.468 0.469
0.338 0.369 0.358 0.436 0.439 0.425
0.336 0.378 0.392 0.431 0.434 0.420
0.316 0.362 0.413 0.443 0.449 0.446
0.323 0.331 0.416 0.427 0.432 0.430
0.343 0.335 0.427 0.439 0.440 0.432
0.328 0.358 0.414 0.446 0.444 0.443
0.329 0.350 0.387 0.434 0.433 0.422
0.302 0.360 0.407 0.432 0.434 0.427
0.330 0.340 0.386 0.430 0.432 0.423
0.317 0.354 0.462 0.453 0.451 0.448
0.311 0.326 0.423 0.460 0.463 0.460
0.432 0.395 0.353 0.504 0.513 0.495

0.460 0.413 0.389 0.502 0.510 0.488
0.455 0.395 0.476 0.520 0.529 0.511
0.401 0.414 0.396 0.465 0.476 0.474
0.450 0.396 0.381 0.473 0.483 0.465
0.447 0.398 0.441 0.489 0.499 0.486
0.369 0.368 0.448 0.475 0.484 0.482
0.402 0.352 0.439 0.471 0.481 0.473
0.375 0.365 0.388 0.467 0.477 0.472
0.384 0.388 0.390 0.498 0.507 0.495
0.383 0.360 0.355 0.480 0.488 0.474
0.373 0.335 0.374 0.462 0.471 0.457
0.377 0.369 0.369 0.470 0.478 0.465
0.380 0.357 0.385 0.488 0.498 0.487
0.389 0.343 0.377 0.466 0.475 0.453
0.386 0.352 0.368 0.461 0.469 0.449
0.372 0.340 0.313 0.446 0.456 0.431
0.363 0.305 0.335 0.428 0.437 0.408
0.369 0.332 0.313 0.428 0.436 0.407
0.349 0.312 0.366 0.434 0.442 0.419
0.380 0.340 0.420 0.435 0.443 0.430
0.345 0.326 0.357 0.396 0.403 0.385
0.476 0.473 0.492 0.578 0.586 0.585

0.465 0.409 0.411 0.546 0.557 0.540
0.467 0.535 0.427 0.537 0.545 0.541
0.410 0.438 0.423 0.499 0.507 0.490
0.513 0.406 0.412 0.547 0.554 0.545

0.494 0.406 0.424 0.547 0.553 0.525
0.468 0.397 0.406 0.515 0.523 0.492
0.443 0.410 0.337 0.480 0.480 0.482

0.403 0.467 0.428 0.486 0.486 0.483
0.474 0.423 0.388 0.494 0.494 0.499
0.498 0.401 0.400 0.513 0.513 0.500
0.498 0.410 0.586 0.514 0.514 0.490
0.477 0.405 0.443 0.525 0.525 0.506
0.468 0.389 0.395 0.497 0.497 0.468
0.489 0.437 0.407 0.481 0.502 0.473
0.472 0.405 0.444 0.498 0.516 0.490
0.539 0.390 0.418 0.535 0.548 0.502

0.529 0.424 0.421 0.533 0.548 0.503
0.540 0.488 0.407 0.553 0.566 0.531
0.564 0.518 0.417 0.555 0.570 0.509
0.596 0.483 0.470 0.578 0.583 0.529
0.566 0.431 0.402 0.555 0.562 0.514
0.581 0.505 0.406 0.556 0.567 0.507
0.608 0.511 0.466 0.561 0.574 0.510
0.564 0.428 0.486 0.527 0.539 0.481
0.557 0.457 0.508 0.545 0.558 0.491
0.653 0.452 0.455 0.542 0.556 0.498
0.579 0.484 0.361 0.548 0.559 0.503
0.569 0.438 0.386 0.524 0.534 0.488
0.502 0.426 0.367 0.518 0.529 0.483
0.538 0.451 0.428 0.528 0.536 0.495
0.532 0.417 0.428 0.512 0.516 0.468
0.505 0.449 0.378 0.518 0.516 0.464
0.481 0.407 0.383 0.509 0.509 0.461
0.466 0.411 0.465 0.488 0.495 0.481

0.461 0.477 0.461 0.532 0.538 0.523
0.438 0.417 0.445 0.531 0.540 0.520
0.446 0.474 0.506 0.525 0.527 0.507
0.477 0.460 0.427 0.526 0.530 0.505
0.442 0.414 0.508 0.521 0.525 0.501
0.426 0.422 0.442 0.517 0.516 0.484
0.502 0.502 0.487
0.509 0.508 0.497
0.509 0.508 0.492
0.440 0.435 0.527 0.518 0.519 0.505
0.423 0.391 0.446 0.491 0.491 0.477
0.482 0.423 0.554 0.524 0.523 0.502
0.413 0.382 0.502 0.529 0.531 0.519
0.452 0.430 0.471 0.556 0.555 0.541

0.429 0.430 0.497 0.520 0.517 0.499
0.447 0.448 0.497 0.518 0.519 0.501
0.537 0.482 0.499 0.551 0.518 0.498

0.526 0.494 0.592 0.566 0.561 0.559
0.465 0.414 0.581 0.530 0.560 0.570
0.461 0.396 0.538 0.498 0.535 0.527
0.470 0.390 0.464 0.439 0.482 0.463
0.470 0.434 0.473 0.485 0.513 0.505
0.351 0.389 0.390 0.465 0.465 0.467

0.378 0.390 0.420 0.473 0.473 0.474
0.366 0.409 0.438 0.488 0.488 0.483
0.395 0.410 0.448 0.488 0.488 0.484
0.451 0.454 0.454 0.490 0.490 0.485
0.360 0.432 0.410 0.478 0.478 0.467
0.455 0.433 0.449 0.504 0.504 0.479
0.452 0.420 0.450 0.507 0.502 0.462
0.468 0.405 0.453 0.536 0.532 0.495
0.458 0.397 0.468 0.527 0.523 0.484
0.419 0.385 0.464 0.524 0.524 0.483
0.414 0.386 0.441 0.520 0.520 0.478
0.443 0.372 0.454 0.516 0.516 0.474
0.419 0.380 0.446 0.493 0.493 0.454
0.388 0.403 0.437 0.489 0.490 0.454
0.410 0.358 0.490 0.487 0.487 0.454
0.423 0.387 0.465 0.474 0.470 0.433
0.467 0.334 0.454 0.477 0.471 0.439
0.438 0.405 0.468 0.483 0.481 0.451
0.389 0.361 0.447 0.483 0.477 0.447
0.393 0.357 0.438 0.460 0.452 0.421
0.399 0.358 0.524 0.477 0.471 0.446
0.375 0.443 0.402 0.470 0.464 0.434
0.441 0.350 0.460 0.474 0.468 0.441
0.458 0.340 0.456 0.485 0.478 0.453
0.431 0.434 0.474 0.488 0.481 0.458
0.519 0.461 0.452 0.550 0.550 0.522

0.442 0.466 0.488 0.522 0.522 0.499
0.503 0.398 0.435 0.524 0.524 0.478
0.501 0.521 0.458 0.550 0.550 0.517
0.701 0.427 0.387 0.593 0.593 0.504
0.527 0.476 0.502 0.560 0.560 0.532
0.519 0.499 0.463 0.548 0.548 0.518
0.466 0.489 0.493 0.527 0.527 0.520
0.498 0.442 0.457 0.518 0.518 0.490
0.484 0.462 0.448 0.551 0.551 0.495
0.516 0.468 0.439 0.514 0.514 0.466
0.551 0.436 0.430 0.514 0.514 0.448
0.490 0.467 0.382 0.507 0.507 0.458
0.554 0.483 0.506 0.531 0.531 0.481
0.474 0.406 0.423 0.493 0.493 0.446
0.478 0.441 0.431 0.500 0.500 0.470
0.540 0.520 0.461 0.525 0.525 0.480
0.450 0.440 0.424 0.480 0.480 0.458
0.445 0.433 0.458 0.484 0.484 0.447
0.530 0.385 0.454 0.495 0.495 0.459
0.432 0.432 0.424 0.473 0.473 0.434
0.483 0.435 0.381 0.466 0.466 0.428
0.409 0.388 0.403 0.457 0.457 0.431
0.391 0.311 0.398 0.439 0.439 0.411
0.517 0.480 0.455 0.510 0.551 0.510

0.524 0.520 0.435 0.530 0.577 0.536
0.514 0.438 0.458 0.543 0.585 0.547
0.526 0.489 0.485 0.501 0.543 0.491
0.534 0.514 0.528 0.542 0.577 0.538

0.523 0.476 0.511 0.554 0.589 0.554
0.486 0.394 0.473 0.521 0.561 0.520
0.506 0.431 0.561 0.559 0.597 0.564

0.481 0.453 0.477 0.517 0.553 0.517
0.478 0.440 0.493 0.518 0.549 0.512
0.513 0.440 0.469 0.513 0.545 0.508
0.486 0.456 0.494 0.525 0.559 0.521
0.470 0.433 0.499 0.514 0.549 0.514
0.478 0.445 0.482 0.513 0.547 0.513
0.477 0.460 0.465 0.508 0.540 0.510
0.495 0.455 0.462 0.495 0.525 0.493
0.504 0.443 0.501 0.489 0.516 0.482
0.474 0.458 0.454 0.480 0.507 0.470
0.495 0.420 0.460 0.470 0.497 0.457
0.453 0.415 0.440 0.468 0.495 0.456
0.444 0.413 0.425 0.476 0.503 0.463
0.467 0.406 0.463 0.469 0.493 0.454
0.484 0.435 0.416 0.464 0.487 0.453
0.431 0.399 0.441 0.458 0.481 0.448
0.418 0.418 0.441 0.476 0.501 0.468
0.417 0.398 0.415 0.454 0.478 0.447
0.317 0.358 0.407 0.450 0.464 0.464

0.333 0.381 0.443 0.450 0.467 0.467
0.344 0.388 0.425 0.447 0.463 0.463
0.347 0.387 0.416 0.443 0.460 0.460
0.350 0.403 0.436 0.451 0.468 0.468
0.349 0.408 0.438 0.455 0.473 0.473
0.352 0.378 0.421 0.450 0.466 0.466
0.332 0.417 0.475 0.486 0.493 0.493
0.345 0.405 0.473 0.496 0.504 0.504
0.364 0.411 0.493 0.502 0.510 0.510
0.351 0.420 0.470 0.506 0.514 0.514
0.372 0.406 0.467 0.500 0.508 0.508
0.398 0.451 0.499 0.506 0.512 0.512
0.398 0.453 0.499 0.502 0.510 0.511

0.383 0.420 0.449 0.504 0.511 0.513
0.379 0.414 0.430 0.501 0.507 0.508
0.367 0.417 0.434 0.495 0.501 0.502
0.371 0.396 0.431 0.483 0.487 0.487
0.339 0.372 0.394 0.450 0.455 0.455
0.333 0.334 0.354 0.421 0.424 0.425
0.318 0.325 0.379 0.422 0.426 0.427
0.308 0.327 0.374 0.419 0.423 0.424
0.313 0.320 0.367 0.419 0.423 0.424
0.320 0.311 0.372 0.416 0.420 0.420
0.306 0.317 0.376 0.418 0.422 0.423
0.291 0.309 0.388 0.415 0.418 0.421
0.297 0.303 0.393 0.417 0.420 0.422
0.371 0.329 0.394 0.422 0.425 0.426
0.297 0.307 0.382 0.432 0.436 0.440
0.312 0.327 0.337 0.398 0.398 0.386

0.294 0.314 0.325 0.400 0.400 0.400
0.388 0.360 0.395 0.415 0.415 0.390
0.412 0.426 0.460 0.453 0.453 0.468
0.417 0.406 0.418 0.444 0.444 0.446
0.371 0.385 0.426 0.428 0.428 0.440
0.385 0.377 0.412 0.403 0.403 0.398
0.391 0.404 0.452 0.437 0.437 0.404
0.383 0.394 0.416 0.438 0.438 0.382
0.374 0.374 0.390 0.425 0.425 0.412
0.375 0.348 0.369 0.412 0.412 0.412
0.360 0.385 0.394 0.436 0.436 0.436
0.324 0.321 0.343 0.382 0.382 0.382
1.7 2.2 1.3
1.8 2.4 1.4
Correlations hours of work-hourly wages Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Ban
Linear correlation coefficients between hours of work and hourly wages
All workers Urban

salaried
workers
Argentina
1986 -0.202 -0.180
1987 -0.224 -0.188
1988 -0.181 -0.163
1991 -0.167 -0.149
1992 -0.191 -0.172
15 main cities
1992 -0.181 -0.166
1993 -0.224 -0.173
1994 -0.230 -0.196
1995 -0.176 -0.180
1996 -0.178 -0.173
1997 -0.205 -0.203
1998 -0.161 -0.171
28 main cities
1998 -0.163 -0.174
1999 -0.194 -0.184
2000 -0.187 -0.173
2001 -0.181 -0.176
2002 -0.128 -0.098
2003 -0.163 -0.164
EPHC
2003-II -0.177 -0.162
2004-I -0.170 -0.136
2004-II -0.139 -0.100
2005-I -0.170 -0.153
2005-II -0.090 -0.112
2006-I -0.126 -0.159
2006-II -0.044 -0.146
2007-I -0.142 -0.162
2007-II -0.148 -0.126
2008-I -0.200 -0.185
2008-II -0.180 -0.156
2009-I -0.174 -0.185
2009-II -0.201 -0.190
2010-I -0.196 -0.196
2010-II -0.214 -0.199
2011-I -0.207 -0.194
2011-II -0.221 -0.189
2012-I -0.220 -0.189
2012-II -0.190 -0.170
2013-I -0.210 -0.170
2013-II -0.217 -0.196
2014-I -0.198 -0.165
2014-II -0.193 -0.191
2015-I -0.237 -0.209
2016-II -0.233 -0.212

2017-I -0.233 -0.216
2017-II -0.203 -0.169
2018-I -0.202 -0.181
2018-II -0.219 -0.180
2019-I -0.201 -0.174
2019-II -0.196 -0.175
2020-I -0.264 -0.265
2020-II -0.205 -0.280
2021-I -0.195 -0.174
2021-II -0.169 -0.220
Bolivia
Urban
1992 -0.174 -0.160
1993 -0.160 -0.169
1997 -0.167 -0.229
National
1997 -0.145 -0.229
1999 -0.173 -0.215
2000 -0.167 -0.201
2001 -0.137 -0.208
2002 -0.185 -0.236
2005 -0.197 -0.275
2006 -0.144 -0.224
2007 -0.213 -0.287
2008 -0.181 -0.245
2009 -0.185 -0.276
2011 -0.227 -0.318
2012 -0.232 -0.256
2013 -0.216 -0.301
2014 -0.174 -0.288
2015 -0.233 -0.359
2016 -0.272 -0.331
2017 -0.269 -0.330
2018 -0.276 -0.328
2019 -0.279 -0.343
2020 -0.244 -0.403
2021 -0.284 -0.416
Brazil
1981 -0.090 -0.167
1982 -0.088 -0.157
1983 -0.057 -0.143
1984 -0.087 -0.164
1985 -0.108 -0.192
1986 -0.062 -0.138
1987 -0.088 -0.166
1988 -0.079 -0.129
1989 -0.046 -0.112
1990 -0.066 -0.133
New PNAD
1992 -0.146 -0.182
1993 -0.056 -0.088
1995 -0.087 -0.126
1996 -0.118 -0.191
1997 -0.092 -0.129
1998 -0.100 -0.132
1999 -0.093 -0.139
2001 -0.102 -0.121
2002 -0.099 -0.127
2003 -0.094 -0.109
2004 -0.076 -0.084
With Rural North
2004 -0.076 -0.084
2005 -0.099 -0.129
2006 -0.091 -0.127
2007 -0.114 -0.143
2008 -0.087 -0.106
2009 -0.074 -0.086
2011 -0.165 -0.202
2012 -0.159 -0.219
2013 -0.149 -0.216
2014 -0.149 -0.178
2015 -0.186 -0.235
PNADC
2012 -0.097 -0.115
2013 -0.094 -0.104
2014 -0.080 -0.094
2015 -0.088 -0.102
2016 -0.062 -0.070
2017 -0.058 -0.058
2018 -0.047 -0.056
2019 -0.056 -0.053
2020 -0.037 -0.045
2021 -0.047 -0.041
Chile
1990 -0.142 -0.232
1992 -0.121 -0.175
1996 -0.177 -0.188
1998 -0.156 -0.142
2000 -0.103 -0.160
2003 -0.124 -0.149
2006 -0.162 -0.147
2009 -0.214 -0.233
2011 -0.192 -0.199
2013 -0.147 -0.154
2015 -0.145 -0.154
2017 -0.138 -0.139
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 -0.102 -0.168
2002 -0.102 -0.120
2003 -0.162 -0.188
2004 -0.138 -0.187
2005 -0.119 -0.172
GEIH-National
2008 -0.124 -0.148
2009 -0.098 -0.136
2010 -0.102 -0.136
2011 -0.111 -0.140
2012 -0.114 -0.145
2013 -0.111 -0.134
2014 -0.096 -0.125
2015 -0.110 -0.138
2016 -0.101 -0.125
2017 -0.115 -0.150
2018 -0.112 -0.146
2019 -0.096 -0.136
2020 -0.087 -0.151
2021 -0.078 -0.124
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 -0.169 -0.160
1990 -0.177 -0.182
1991 -0.169 -0.229
1992 -0.162 -0.201
1993 -0.222 -0.209
1994 -0.191 -0.211
1995 -0.166 -0.150
1996 -0.207 -0.220
1997 -0.175 -0.224
1998 -0.177 -0.211
1999 -0.153 -0.156
2000 -0.168 -0.202
2001 -0.146 -0.163
2002 -0.154 -0.178
2003 -0.158 -0.140
2004 -0.178 -0.160
2005 -0.158 -0.169
2006 -0.134 -0.119
2007 -0.119 -0.155
2008 -0.130 -0.158
2009 -0.144 -0.090
ENAHO
2010 -0.151 -0.200
2011 -0.151 -0.200
2012 -0.129 -0.214
2013 -0.096 -0.199
2014 -0.146 -0.132
2015 -0.166 -0.187
2016 -0.080 -0.167
2017 -0.143 -0.160
2018 -0.151 -0.198
2019 -0.130 -0.172
2020 -0.111 -0.127
2021 -0.080 -0.108
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 -0.145 -0.183
1997 -0.177 -0.216
ENFT 2
2000 -0.090 -0.075
2001 -0.133 -0.107
2002 -0.099 -0.115
2003 -0.162 -0.159
2004 -0.042 -0.037
2005 -0.137 -0.138
2006 -0.109 -0.059
2007 -0.116 -0.076
ENFT 4
2008 -0.132 -0.081
2009 -0.126 -0.105
2010 -0.169 -0.157
2011 -0.143 -0.109
2012 -0.161 -0.136
2013 -0.129 -0.095
2014 -0.152 -0.091
2015 -0.096 -0.073
2016 -0.082 -0.003
ECNFT
2016 -0.243 -0.205
2017 -0.195 -0.206
2018 -0.126 -0.094
2019 -0.229 -0.220
2020 -0.220 -0.257
2021 -0.255 -0.286
Ecuador
ECV
1994 -0.122 -0.183
1995 -0.104 -0.163
1998 -0.099 -0.175
1999 -0.057 -0.087
2006 -0.082 -0.176
ENEMDU
2003 -0.087 -0.085
2004 -0.082 -0.084
2005 -0.120 -0.182
2006 -0.111 -0.177
2007 -0.064 -0.164
2008 -0.049 -0.174
2009 -0.109 -0.157
2010 -0.091 -0.200
2011 -0.070 -0.150
2012 -0.051 -0.149
2013 -0.043 -0.135
2014 -0.043 -0.106
2015 -0.029 -0.098
2016 -0.055 -0.147
2017 -0.065 -0.128
2018 -0.041 -0.131
2019 -0.043 -0.087
2020 -0.036 -0.061
2021 -0.012 -0.035
El Salvador
2000 -0.095 -0.256
2001 -0.106 -0.261
2002 -0.082 -0.175
2003 -0.128 -0.234
2004 -0.145 -0.218
2005 -0.135 -0.203
2006 -0.136 -0.216
2007 -0.111 -0.220
2008 -0.128 -0.229
2009 -0.112 -0.221
2010 -0.124 -0.236
2011 -0.152 -0.261
2012 -0.129 -0.222
2013 -0.077 -0.144
2014 -0.147 -0.267
2015 -0.109 -0.244
2016 -0.154 -0.282
2017 -0.193 -0.293
2018 -0.174 -0.292
2019 -0.151 -0.282
2020 -0.164 -0.262
2021 -0.147 -0.209
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 -0.114 -0.211
2006 -0.095 -0.191
2011 -0.045 -0.169
2014 -0.098 -0.225
ENEI
2002 -0.161 -0.226
2003 -0.131 -0.214
2004 -0.154 -0.245
Honduras
DGEC
1991 -0.190 -0.323
1992 -0.163 -0.329
1993 -0.175 -0.241
1994 -0.185 -0.254
1995 -0.127 -0.257
1996 -0.106 -0.236
1997 -0.184 -0.246
1998 -0.108 -0.250
1999 -0.151 -0.248
INE
2001 -0.149 -0.221
2002 -0.156 -0.221
2003 -0.148 -0.224
2004 -0.149 -0.300
2005 -0.146 -0.217
2006 -0.113 -0.217
2007 -0.128 -0.251
2008 -0.096 -0.126
2009 -0.131 -0.242
2010 -0.107 -0.217
2012 -0.143 -0.169
2013 -0.108 -0.286
2014 -0.199 -0.238
2015 -0.186 -0.213
2016 -0.163 -0.245
2017 -0.178 -0.259
2018 -0.219 -0.278
2019 -0.207 -0.282
Mexico
1989 -0.112 -0.221
1992 -0.100 -0.206
1994 -0.119 -0.154
1996 -0.113 -0.193
1998 -0.143 -0.221
2000 -0.052 -0.188
2002 -0.119 -0.176
2004 -0.110 -0.174
2005 -0.080 -0.130
2006 -0.096 -0.159
2008 -0.064 -0.144
2010 -0.149 -0.171
2012 -0.084 -0.097
2014 -0.069 -0.086
New Methodology
2016 -0.028 -0.121
2018 -0.078 -0.124
2020 -0.101 -0.182
Nicaragua
1993 -0.136 -0.184
1998 -0.139 -0.214
2001 -0.142 -0.219
2005 -0.074 -0.158
2009 -0.223 -0.217
2014 -0.122 -0.207
Panama
1989 -0.128 -0.169
1991 -0.134 -0.180
1995 -0.114 -0.146
1997 -0.097 -0.137
1998 -0.098 -0.146
1999 -0.123 -0.154
2000 -0.102 -0.170
2001 -0.089 -0.121
2002 -0.079 -0.129
2003 -0.093 -0.112
2004 -0.086 -0.124
2005 -0.087 -0.102
2006 -0.069 -0.121
2007 -0.117 -0.155
2008 -0.051 -0.057
2009 -0.096 -0.136
2010 -0.103 -0.151
2011 -0.103 -0.161
2012 -0.122 -0.155
2013 -0.098 -0.176
2014 -0.097 -0.196
2015 -0.076 -0.147
2016 -0.055 -0.131
2017 -0.094 -0.205
2018 -0.088 -0.183
2019 -0.095 -0.177
2021 -0.153 -0.274
Paraguay
1995 -0.110 -0.205
1997 -0.123 -0.168
1999 -0.039 -0.188
2001 -0.091 -0.223
2002 -0.028 -0.191
2003 -0.115 -0.155
2004 -0.096 -0.219
2005 -0.120 -0.243
2006 -0.124 -0.254
2007 -0.054 -0.176
2008 -0.113 -0.220
2009 -0.104 -0.268
2010 -0.066 -0.197
2011 -0.091 -0.212
2012 -0.120 -0.227
2013 -0.116 -0.188
2014 -0.070 -0.185
2015 -0.120 -0.242
2016 -0.119 -0.185
2017 -0.068 -0.181
2018 -0.091 -0.198
2019 -0.091 -0.230
2020 -0.121 -0.206
2021 -0.111 -0.161
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 -0.201 -0.312
1998 -0.127 -0.233
1999 -0.147 -0.172
2000 -0.147 -0.189
ENAHO 2
2001 -0.130 -0.188
2002 -0.139 -0.152
2003 -0.154 -0.221
ENAHO 3
2003 -0.132 -0.165
2004 -0.135 -0.158
2005 -0.127 -0.189
2006 -0.153 -0.198
2007 -0.110 -0.118
2008 -0.134 -0.174
2009 -0.146 -0.213
2010 -0.145 -0.175
2011 -0.129 -0.228
2012 -0.144 -0.221
2013 -0.137 -0.179
2014 -0.155 -0.196
2015 -0.132 -0.215
2016 -0.128 -0.151
2017 -0.133 -0.221
2018 -0.145 -0.187
2019 -0.150 -0.168
2020 -0.133 -0.231
2021 -0.185 -0.240
Uruguay
Urban
1989 -0.061 -0.132
1992 -0.100 -0.138
1995 -0.137 -0.155
1996 -0.158 -0.159
1997 -0.164 -0.179
1998 -0.147 -0.165
2000 -0.106 -0.164
2001 -0.086 -0.103
2002 -0.077 -0.092
2003 -0.064 -0.072
2004 -0.072 -0.085
2005 -0.074 -0.088
2006 -0.093 -0.089
National
2006 -0.093 -0.091
2007 -0.083 -0.101
2008 -0.065 -0.061
2009 -0.078 -0.081
2010 -0.095 -0.088
2011 -0.112 -0.102
2012 -0.126 -0.112
2013 -0.104 -0.109
2014 -0.107 -0.099
2015 -0.081 -0.063
2016 -0.094 -0.084
2017 -0.089 -0.089
2018 -0.068 -0.076
2019 -0.078 -0.086
2020 -0.073 -0.137
New Methodology
2021-II -0.054 -0.042
Venezuela
1989 -0.111 -0.144
1992 -0.117 -0.189
1995 -0.132 -0.208
1997 -0.125 -0.126
1998 -0.131 -0.145
1999 -0.143 -0.122
2000 -0.236 -0.276
2001 -0.182 -0.273
2002 -0.164 -0.208
2003 -0.174 -0.199
2004 -0.204 -0.208
2005 -0.122 -0.145
2006 -0.162 -0.173
DLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
Wage gaps Source: SEDLAC (CEDLAS and The World Bank)
Ratio of hourly wages
by educational groups
Prime-age males
High/Medium High/Low Medium/Low

Argentina
1986 1.76 2.77 1.57
1987 1.88 2.85 1.52
1988 1.83 3.03 1.66
1991 1.69 2.53 1.50
1992 1.87 2.66 1.42
15 main cities
1992 1.86 2.61 1.41
1993 1.85 2.57 1.39
1994 1.84 2.64 1.43
1995 1.99 2.81 1.41
1996 1.98 2.72 1.37
1997 1.96 2.71 1.38
1998 2.12 3.10 1.46
28 main cities
1998 2.08 3.03 1.46
1999 1.96 2.75 1.40
2000 2.01 2.90 1.45
2001 2.04 2.84 1.39
2002 2.08 3.10 1.49
2003 2.11 3.11 1.47
EPHC
2003-II 1.98 2.63 1.33
2004-I 1.85 2.58 1.39
2004-II 1.78 2.56 1.44
2005-I 1.93 2.56 1.33
2005-II 1.85 2.52 1.36
2006-I 1.91 2.51 1.32
2006-II 2.18 3.05 1.40
2007-I 1.86 2.42 1.30
2007-II 1.83 2.46 1.34
2008-I 1.74 2.17 1.25
2008-II 1.61 2.22 1.38
2009-I 1.68 2.16 1.29
2009-II 1.66 2.16 1.30
2010-I 1.57 2.03 1.30
2010-II 1.68 2.14 1.27
2011-I 1.64 2.12 1.30
2011-II 1.69 2.14 1.27
2012-I 1.56 2.03 1.30
2012-II 1.44 1.96 1.36
2013-I 1.69 2.06 1.22
2013-II 1.61 2.05 1.27
2014-I 1.58 2.04 1.29
2014-II 1.56 1.95 1.25
2015-I 1.57 1.89 1.20
2016-II 1.61 2.04 1.26

2017-I 1.65 1.99 1.21
2017-II 1.54 1.94 1.26
2018-I 1.67 2.05 1.23
2018-II 1.54 1.93 1.26
2019-I 1.70 2.10 1.23
2019-II 1.62 2.11 1.30
2020-I 1.67 2.07 1.24
2020-II 1.70 2.27 1.33
2021-I 1.67 2.19 1.31
2021-II 1.82 2.09 1.15
Bolivia
Urban
1992 1.83 2.34 1.28
1993 2.19 3.12 1.42
1997 2.29 2.88 1.26
National
1997 2.07 3.10 1.50
1999 2.16 4.05 1.87
2000 3.25 5.60 1.72
2001 2.60 3.74 1.44
2002 2.59 4.31 1.67
2005 2.22 3.69 1.66
2006 2.95 4.65 1.58
2007 2.05 3.15 1.53
2008 1.81 2.22 1.22
2009 1.60 2.16 1.35
2011 1.42 1.75 1.24
2012 1.49 1.75 1.18
2013 1.64 1.97 1.20
2014 1.61 1.87 1.17
2015 1.60 1.83 1.14
2016 1.69 2.10 1.24
2017 1.67 2.06 1.23
2018 1.73 2.14 1.23
2019 1.77 1.89 1.07
2020 1.74 2.27 1.31
2021 1.65 1.95 1.18
Brazil
1981 1.85 5.21 2.82
1982 2.14 6.13 2.86
1983 2.10 5.72 2.73
1984 2.13 5.53 2.59
1985 1.93 4.81 2.49
1986 2.39 5.59 2.34
1987 2.26 5.75 2.54
1988 2.29 6.40 2.80
1989 2.32 5.96 2.57
1990 2.22 5.59 2.52
New PNAD
1992 1.74 3.77 2.17
1993 2.46 5.89 2.39
1995 2.61 6.06 2.32
1996 2.36 5.60 2.37
1997 2.43 5.85 2.41
1998 2.75 6.24 2.27
1999 2.61 5.91 2.26
2001 2.78 6.37 2.29
2002 2.79 6.07 2.18
2003 2.97 6.17 2.08
2004 2.70 5.71 2.11
With Rural North
2004 2.72 5.72 2.11
2005 2.74 5.65 2.06
2006 2.83 5.38 1.90
2007 2.74 5.01 1.83
2008 2.70 4.84 1.79
2009 2.76 4.88 1.77
2011 2.41 4.13 1.72
2012 2.60 4.52 1.74
2013 2.65 4.39 1.66
2014 2.82 4.36 1.55
2015 3.16 4.82 1.53
PNADC
2012 2.61 4.19 1.60
2013 2.70 4.26 1.58
2014 2.69 4.08 1.52
2015 2.57 3.95 1.54
2016 2.80 4.16 1.49
2017 2.70 4.01 1.49
2018 2.60 3.83 1.47
2019 2.74 3.98 1.45
2020 2.77 3.85 1.39
2021 2.69 3.81 1.42
Chile
1990 2.79 3.80 1.36
1992 1.72 2.57 1.50
1996 2.85 4.89 1.72
1998 2.92 4.52 1.55
2000 3.03 4.83 1.59
2003 3.05 4.46 1.46
2006 2.60 3.65 1.40
2009 2.53 3.39 1.34
2011 2.78 3.51 1.26
2013 2.67 3.50 1.31
2015 2.45 3.10 1.27
2017 2.35 3.10 1.32
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 3.17 5.45 1.72
2002 3.16 5.63 1.78
2003 2.80 4.74 1.69
2004 3.09 5.50 1.78
2005 2.98 4.97 1.67
GEIH-National
2008 2.68 4.11 1.53
2009 2.75 4.29 1.56
2010 2.86 4.43 1.55
2011 2.86 4.27 1.49
2012 2.73 4.09 1.50
2013 2.83 4.12 1.46
2014 2.85 4.24 1.49
2015 2.72 3.84 1.41
2016 2.68 3.81 1.42
2017 2.64 3.62 1.37
2018 2.67 3.65 1.37
2019 2.80 3.78 1.35
2020 2.83 3.89 1.37
2021 2.71 3.56 1.31
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 1.85 2.86 1.55
1990 2.01 3.06 1.52
1991 2.20 3.28 1.49
1992 2.08 3.10 1.49
1993 2.13 3.02 1.42
1994 1.90 3.04 1.59
1995 2.07 3.00 1.45
1996 2.04 2.99 1.47
1997 2.04 2.83 1.39
1998 2.06 2.84 1.38
1999 1.94 2.71 1.40
2000 1.97 2.86 1.45
2001 2.01 3.13 1.56
2002 2.16 3.44 1.59
2003 2.07 3.14 1.51
2004 2.15 3.27 1.53
2005 1.94 2.88 1.49
2006 2.21 3.19 1.44
2007 2.44 3.57 1.46
2008 2.29 3.28 1.43
2009 2.19 3.16 1.44
ENAHO
2010 1.94 2.80 1.44
2011 2.20 3.19 1.45
2012 1.85 3.21 1.73
2013 2.25 3.58 1.59
2014 2.28 2.88 1.26
2015 2.22 3.34 1.51
2016 2.39 3.59 1.50
2017 2.33 3.43 1.47
2018 2.03 2.81 1.38
2019 2.00 2.77 1.39
2020 2.09 2.74 1.31
2021 2.46 3.25 1.32
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 1.87 2.18 1.17
1997 1.95 2.43 1.24
ENFT 2
2000 2.29 2.85 1.25
2001 1.96 2.64 1.35
2002 1.94 2.74 1.41
2003 1.94 2.70 1.40
2004 1.91 2.43 1.27
2005 1.94 2.44 1.26
2006 1.92 2.49 1.30
2007 1.96 2.48 1.27
ENFT 4
2008 1.93 2.71 1.41
2009 2.20 2.89 1.31
2010 2.07 2.55 1.23
2011 1.95 2.65 1.36
2012 2.00 2.48 1.24
2013 2.15 2.79 1.29
2014 1.79 2.03 1.13
2015 2.09 2.44 1.17
2016 1.92 2.23 1.16
ECNFT
2016 1.70 1.89 1.11
2017 1.76 2.06 1.17
2018 1.87 2.28 1.22
2019 1.80 2.18 1.21
2020 1.62 1.92 1.18
2021 1.73 2.02 1.17
Ecuador
ECV
1994 1.93 2.30 1.19
1995 1.77 2.60 1.47
1998 1.82 2.95 1.62
1999 2.14 2.45 1.15
2006 2.16 3.73 1.73
ENEMDU
2003 2.17 3.08 1.42
2004 2.30 3.40 1.48
2005 2.15 2.90 1.35
2006 2.02 2.82 1.40
2007 2.16 3.15 1.46
2008 1.81 2.54 1.40
2009 1.99 2.59 1.30
2010 2.12 2.68 1.26
2011 1.54 2.08 1.35
2012 1.61 2.24 1.39
2013 1.89 2.52 1.34
2014 1.84 2.30 1.25
2015 1.98 2.37 1.20
2016 1.82 2.29 1.25
2017 1.73 2.20 1.27
2018 1.73 2.37 1.36
2019 1.67 2.13 1.27
2020 1.96 2.48 1.27
2021 2.02 2.31 1.14
El Salvador
2000 1.99 3.59 1.80
2001 2.23 3.75 1.68
2002 2.62 4.29 1.63
2003 2.07 3.12 1.50
2004 2.15 3.04 1.41
2005 2.22 3.38 1.53
2006 2.49 3.61 1.45
2007 2.77 3.72 1.34
2008 2.51 3.89 1.55
2009 2.21 3.41 1.54
2010 2.15 3.12 1.45
2011 2.29 3.14 1.37
2012 2.06 2.97 1.44
2013 2.21 3.05 1.38
2014 2.13 2.90 1.36
2015 2.04 2.78 1.37
2016 1.77 2.62 1.48
2017 1.91 2.68 1.40
2018 1.70 2.40 1.41
2019 1.99 2.81 1.41
2020 1.95 2.68 1.38
2021 1.72 2.32 1.35
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 2.53 5.60 2.22
2006 2.39 5.17 2.16
2011 1.72 4.14 2.42
2014 2.27 4.81 2.12
ENEI
2002 2.07 5.07 2.45
2003 2.08 4.46 2.14
2004 2.01 4.30 2.14
Honduras
DGEC
1991 2.04 3.92 1.92
1992 1.83 4.30 2.35
1993 2.16 3.96 1.83
1994 1.99 3.59 1.80
1995 3.18 5.47 1.72
1996 2.01 3.75 1.86
1997 2.33 3.43 1.47
1998 2.02 3.08 1.53
1999 2.06 2.94 1.43
INE
2001 2.26 4.13 1.83
2002 2.16 4.17 1.93
2003 2.00 4.16 2.08
2004 1.94 4.24 2.19
2005 2.18 4.79 2.20
2006 2.20 4.68 2.12
2007 1.86 4.14 2.22
2008 2.07 3.89 1.88
2009 2.37 4.29 1.81
2010 2.54 5.04 1.99
2012 2.24 3.20 1.42
2013 1.86 3.77 2.03
2014 1.90 3.32 1.75
2015 2.07 3.43 1.66
2016 2.12 3.76 1.77
2017 2.06 3.48 1.69
2018 1.94 3.72 1.92
2019 1.82 3.48 1.91
Mexico
1989 1.95 2.69 1.38
1992 2.20 3.57 1.63
1994 2.61 4.09 1.57
1996 2.35 4.06 1.72
1998 2.33 3.62 1.56
2000 2.98 4.39 1.47
2002 2.42 3.92 1.62
2008 2.60 3.92 1.51
2010 2.36 3.39 1.44
2012 2.89 3.68 1.27
2014 2.76 3.97 1.44
New Methodology
2016 2.34 3.29 1.41
2018 2.22 3.21 1.44
2020 2.17 2.97 1.37
Nicaragua
1993 1.76 3.07 1.75
1998 2.36 4.51 1.91
2001 3.20 4.34 1.35
2005 2.71 3.65 1.35
2009 2.04 2.52 1.24
2014 1.92 2.36 1.23
Panama
1989 1.96 3.02 1.54
1991 2.14 3.10 1.45
1995 2.23 3.52 1.58
1997 2.12 3.24 1.52
1998 2.06 2.96 1.44
1999 1.98 3.16 1.60
2000 2.23 3.05 1.37
2001 2.33 3.86 1.65
2002 2.39 3.87 1.62
2003 2.29 3.60 1.57
2004 2.40 3.83 1.60
2005 2.23 3.55 1.60
2006 2.35 3.37 1.44
2007 2.09 3.19 1.53
2008 2.03 3.29 1.62
2009 2.26 3.36 1.49
2010 2.09 3.34 1.60
2011 2.20 2.95 1.34
2012 2.12 3.14 1.48
2013 2.13 3.35 1.57
2014 2.00 3.05 1.53
2015 2.38 3.46 1.45
2016 1.71 3.04 1.78
2017 2.15 2.72 1.27
2018 2.09 2.67 1.28
2019 1.98 2.94 1.48
2021 2.27 3.30 1.45
Paraguay
1995 2.20 3.72 1.69
1997 2.33 5.25 2.25
1999 2.17 3.47 1.60
2001 2.03 4.06 2.00
2002 1.95 1.90 0.98
2003 2.31 3.71 1.61
2004 1.82 2.95 1.62
2005 2.02 3.44 1.70
2006 1.99 3.05 1.53
2007 1.84 2.73 1.48
2008 1.65 2.44 1.48
2009 1.79 2.42 1.35
2010 1.63 2.32 1.42
2011 1.93 2.56 1.32
2012 1.88 2.68 1.42
2013 1.89 2.57 1.36
2014 1.55 2.04 1.32
2015 1.75 2.65 1.51
2016 1.93 2.65 1.37
2017 1.89 2.04 1.08
2018 1.54 2.23 1.45
2019 1.44 1.82 1.26
2020 1.68 2.13 1.26
2021 1.83 1.98 1.08
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 1.74 2.53 1.46
1998 1.54 2.54 1.65
1999 1.76 2.49 1.41
2000 1.75 2.71 1.55
ENAHO 2
2001 1.86 3.05 1.64
2002 2.08 3.29 1.58
2003 2.17 3.17 1.46
ENAHO 3
2003 2.73 4.08 1.49
2004 1.94 2.84 1.47
2005 1.93 2.86 1.48
2006 1.85 2.52 1.36
2007 1.96 2.79 1.42
2008 1.96 2.73 1.39
2009 1.84 2.37 1.29
2010 1.50 2.04 1.36
2011 1.52 2.00 1.32
2012 1.75 2.14 1.22
2013 1.53 2.06 1.35
2014 1.71 2.17 1.27
2015 1.67 2.28 1.36
2016 1.60 2.28 1.43
2017 1.79 2.40 1.34
2018 1.55 1.99 1.29
2019 1.69 2.22 1.31
2020 1.77 2.39 1.35
2021 1.62 1.97 1.22
Uruguay
Urban
1989 1.79 2.62 1.47
1992 1.78 2.76 1.55
1995 1.78 2.78 1.57
1996 1.76 2.72 1.54
1997 1.89 3.04 1.61
1998 1.79 2.83 1.58
2000 1.90 2.72 1.43
2001 2.20 3.63 1.65
2002 2.31 3.78 1.64
2003 2.33 3.68 1.58
2004 2.21 3.71 1.68
2005 2.31 3.68 1.59
2006 2.26 3.62 1.61
National
2006 2.25 3.56 1.59
2007 2.16 3.36 1.56
2008 2.05 3.15 1.54
2009 2.03 3.25 1.60
2010 2.11 3.15 1.50
2011 1.86 2.69 1.45
2012 1.79 2.41 1.34
2013 1.90 2.59 1.36
2014 1.83 2.50 1.36
2015 1.86 2.45 1.32
2016 1.90 2.45 1.29
2017 1.83 2.43 1.33
2018 1.92 2.52 1.31
2019 1.93 2.56 1.32
2020 1.93 2.38 1.23
New Methodology
2021-II 2.01 2.51 1.25
Venezuela
1989 1.70 2.46 1.45
1992 1.84 2.54 1.38
1995 1.76 2.31 1.31
1997 2.07 2.79 1.35
1998 1.84 2.48 1.34
1999 1.85 2.54 1.37
2000 1.53 1.97 1.29
2001 1.80 2.46 1.37
2002 1.82 2.57 1.41
2003 1.72 2.36 1.37
2004 1.69 2.27 1.34
2005 1.56 2.24 1.43
2006 1.57 2.00 1.27
Mincer equation
Coefficients of educational dummies in Mincer equations. Males and females
All workers
Men Women
Primary Secondary College Primary Secondary
Argentina
1986 0.237 0.477 0.606 0.084 0.514
1987 0.167 0.599 0.507 -0.047 0.620
1988 0.179 0.604 0.615 0.078 0.731
1991 0.219 0.444 0.522 -0.189 0.627
1992 0.329 0.463 0.607 -0.142 0.471
15 main cities
1992 0.287 0.451 0.557 -0.095 0.462
1993 0.090 0.453 0.606 0.005 0.322
1994 0.178 0.429 0.716 -0.013 0.431
1995 0.140 0.510 0.707 -0.027 0.277
1996 0.159 0.475 0.716 0.024 0.293
1997 0.173 0.428 0.624 0.072 0.322
1998 0.253 0.476 0.779 0.011 0.350
28 main cities
1998 0.227 0.457 0.757 0.042 0.450
1999 0.175 0.381 0.753 0.032 0.340
2000 0.158 0.487 0.726 -0.023 0.304
2001 0.232 0.414 0.785 0.160 0.320
2002 0.306 0.472 0.825 0.041 0.432
2003 0.228 0.415 0.798 0.072 0.349
EPHC
2003-II 0.175 0.395 0.686 0.168 0.264
2004-I 0.225 0.420 0.557 -0.005 0.246
2004-II 0.149 0.369 0.581 0.090 0.268
2005-I 0.105 0.367 0.677 0.242 0.203
2005-II 0.176 0.406 0.641 0.092 0.274
2006-I 0.144 0.393 0.667 0.308 0.215
2006-II 0.264 0.361 0.618 0.158 0.314
2007-I 0.256 0.315 0.614 0.047 0.289
2007-II 0.236 0.362 0.611 -0.033 0.386
2008-I 0.251 0.245 0.613 0.042 0.294
2008-II 0.225 0.343 0.547 0.268 0.337
2009-I 0.188 0.320 0.556 0.233 0.243
2009-II 0.170 0.369 0.541 0.141 0.223
2010-I 0.202 0.321 0.510 0.123 0.280
2010-II 0.118 0.337 0.531 -0.012 0.230
2011-I 0.195 0.276 0.564 0.032 0.361
2011-II 0.237 0.284 0.537 0.100 0.245
2012-I 0.194 0.311 0.463 0.150 0.226
2012-II 0.162 0.329 0.396 0.299 0.299
2013-I 0.203 0.261 0.520 -0.023 0.354
2013-II 0.215 0.310 0.462 0.018 0.311
2014-I 0.222 0.305 0.504 0.027 0.332
2014-II 0.129 0.301 0.457 0.100 0.215
2015-I 0.202 0.260 0.464 0.246 0.205
2016-II 0.172 0.358 0.497 0.105 0.135

2017-I 0.168 0.249 0.526 0.115 0.305
2017-II 0.042 0.297 0.498 0.042 0.157
2018-I 0.181 0.271 0.500 0.129 0.355
2018-II 0.135 0.312 0.415 0.136 0.277
2019-I 0.215 0.315 0.516 -0.018 0.292
2019-II 0.146 0.334 0.524 0.029 0.362
2020-I 0.252 0.289 0.568 0.103 0.291
2020-II -0.030 0.422 0.511 0.193 0.317
2021-I 0.002 0.376 0.510 0.058 0.202
2021-II 0.052 0.307 0.475 -0.041 0.434
Bolivia
Urban
1992 0.381 0.021 0.656 0.255 0.114
1993 0.193 0.251 0.959 0.134 0.352
1997 0.241 0.073 0.949 0.014 0.532
National
1997 0.411 0.058 0.959 0.032 0.500
1999 0.260 0.314 0.870 0.519 0.419
2000 0.153 0.305 1.361 0.188 0.441
2001 0.141 0.436 0.937 0.285 0.209
2002 0.288 0.159 1.209 0.144 0.541
2005 0.263 0.134 1.104 0.154 0.336
2006 0.275 0.213 1.072 0.240 0.209
2007 0.146 0.357 0.995 0.210 0.153
2008 0.227 0.151 0.818 0.153 0.099
2009 0.392 -0.025 0.704 0.330 0.044
2011 0.248 0.123 0.571 0.247 0.040
2012 0.351 -0.041 0.629 0.197 0.111
2013 0.369 -0.005 0.619 0.159 0.218
2014 0.411 -0.126 0.602 0.069 0.174
2015 0.248 -0.055 0.607 0.039 0.221
2016 0.199 0.181 0.711 0.165 0.107
2017 0.070 0.210 0.633 0.287 0.030
2018 0.129 0.065 0.612 0.205 0.019
2019 0.201 0.037 0.633 0.085 0.137
2020 0.208 0.082 0.694 0.148 0.188
2021 0.210 0.070 0.688 0.103 0.041
Brazil
1981 0.592 0.458 0.423 0.632 0.256
1982 0.634 0.483 0.753 0.717 0.407
1983 0.622 0.486 0.751 0.691 0.358
1984 0.617 0.473 0.760 0.682 0.428
1985 0.608 0.440 0.693 0.724 0.416
1986 0.518 0.483 0.823 0.585 0.439
1987 0.573 0.489 0.809 0.585 0.549
1988 0.569 0.534 0.849 0.563 0.397
1989 0.557 0.513 0.825 0.576 0.464
1990 0.529 0.483 0.807 0.510 0.552
New PNAD
1992 0.439 0.418 0.568 0.475 0.328
1993 0.484 0.458 0.844 0.487 0.417
1995 0.491 0.451 0.907 0.419 0.422
1996 0.482 0.441 0.894 0.356 0.443
1997 0.457 0.467 0.896 0.377 0.456
1998 0.431 0.448 0.954 0.372 0.437
1999 0.414 0.452 0.934 0.344 0.440
2001 0.435 0.432 1.007 0.336 0.381
2002 0.371 0.429 1.048 0.291 0.422
2003 0.395 0.402 1.063 0.288 0.350
2004 0.337 0.425 1.040 0.271 0.366
With Rural North
2004 0.338 0.426 1.043 0.272 0.364
2005 0.346 0.383 1.040 0.239 0.371
2006 0.326 0.382 1.048 0.239 0.335
2007 0.306 0.327 0.990 0.235 0.309
2008 0.286 0.315 0.924 0.194 0.268
2009 0.283 0.307 0.910 0.198 0.245
2011 0.232 0.277 0.917 0.188 0.221
2012 0.221 0.272 0.910 0.175 0.222
2013 0.223 0.252 0.905 0.194 0.198
2014 0.234 0.223 0.864 0.152 0.190
2015 0.234 0.201 0.869 0.172 0.180
PNADC
2012 0.213 0.282 0.935 0.178 0.207
2013 0.216 0.255 0.990 0.176 0.204
2014 0.206 0.244 0.952 0.140 0.154
2015 0.205 0.247 0.906 0.144 0.186
2016 0.222 0.214 0.940 0.148 0.149
2017 0.195 0.219 0.956 0.134 0.159
2018 0.199 0.213 0.904 0.099 0.183
2019 0.195 0.193 0.928 0.139 0.159
2020 0.179 0.194 0.933 0.100 0.156
2021 0.175 0.187 0.902 0.084 0.139
Chile
1990 0.061 0.428 0.921 0.114 0.572
1992 0.038 0.405 0.505 -0.039 0.541
1996 0.100 0.467 0.986 0.175 0.488
1998 0.168 0.489 1.012 0.205 0.628
2000 0.136 0.461 0.961 0.083 0.504
2003 0.153 0.371 0.959 0.090 0.304
2006 0.144 0.382 0.908 0.030 0.282
2009 0.096 0.370 0.916 0.025 0.264
2011 0.105 0.327 0.991 0.030 0.235
2013 0.140 0.255 0.855 0.125 0.316
2015 0.105 0.250 0.856 0.091 0.224
2017 0.133 0.267 0.809 0.020 0.181
Colombia
ECH-National
2001 0.166 0.477 1.170 0.266 0.380
2002 0.133 0.498 1.161 0.102 0.511
2003 0.198 0.418 1.093 0.061 0.388
2004 0.173 0.447 1.141 0.140 0.390
2005 0.110 0.445 1.095 0.150 0.410
GEIH-National
2008 0.183 0.350 1.038 0.141 0.339
2009 0.173 0.343 1.048 0.154 0.302
2010 0.155 0.342 1.102 0.101 0.296
2011 0.146 0.344 1.090 0.124 0.289
2012 0.161 0.330 1.057 0.103 0.268
2013 0.164 0.291 1.080 0.121 0.251
2014 0.151 0.302 1.077 0.109 0.245
2015 0.148 0.267 1.036 0.141 0.243
2016 0.148 0.278 1.040 0.116 0.249
2017 0.136 0.277 0.996 0.113 0.236
2018 0.138 0.251 1.020 0.099 0.214
2019 0.146 0.246 1.056 0.091 0.208
2020 0.106 0.271 1.026 0.019 0.221
2021 0.095 0.245 0.996 0.117 0.181
Costa Rica
EHPM
1989 0.186 0.439 0.550 0.259 0.611
1990 0.163 0.445 0.652 0.189 0.557
1991 0.169 0.444 0.621 0.111 0.519
1992 0.108 0.449 0.651 0.172 0.408
1993 0.096 0.401 0.741 0.147 0.339
1994 0.234 0.463 0.595 0.145 0.379
1995 0.177 0.389 0.687 0.140 0.355
1996 0.211 0.418 0.648 0.211 0.386
1997 0.179 0.318 0.687 0.216 0.441
1998 0.146 0.331 0.660 0.183 0.431
1999 0.129 0.388 0.584 0.083 0.389
2000 0.112 0.419 0.618 0.005 0.454
2001 0.168 0.374 0.679 0.205 0.280
2002 0.183 0.389 0.796 0.045 0.401
2003 0.148 0.385 0.704 0.073 0.421
2004 0.132 0.421 0.729 0.157 0.336
2005 0.120 0.400 0.630 0.148 0.330
2006 0.164 0.407 0.712 0.090 0.473
2007 0.180 0.332 0.813 0.109 0.367
2008 0.175 0.355 0.777 0.088 0.407
2009 0.196 0.453 0.730 0.073 0.461
ENAHO
2010 0.117 0.457 0.845 0.186 0.389
2011 0.231 0.429 0.886 0.118 0.375
2012 0.198 0.471 0.887 0.089 0.260
2013 0.208 0.444 0.864 0.151 0.389
2014 0.107 0.417 1.004 0.206 0.219
2015 0.252 0.396 1.008 0.111 0.360
2016 0.265 0.433 0.971 0.243 0.321
2017 0.165 0.428 0.995 0.148 0.272
2018 0.136 0.367 0.850 0.067 0.176
2019 0.161 0.389 0.819 0.054 0.173
2020 0.182 0.265 0.871 0.156 0.253
2021 0.173 0.312 0.868 0.149 0.246
Dominican Rep.
ENFT 1
1996 0.093 0.071 0.651 0.246 0.346
1997 0.200 0.094 0.645 0.263 0.462
ENFT 2
2000 0.176 0.113 0.850 0.264 0.398
2001 0.107 0.182 0.711 0.169 0.393
2002 0.181 0.229 0.579 0.153 0.337
2003 0.142 0.235 0.659 0.267 0.372
2004 0.139 0.191 0.676 0.278 0.245
2005 0.163 0.164 0.694 0.175 0.345
2006 0.182 0.189 0.684 0.291 0.313
2007 0.118 0.238 0.664 0.189 0.256
ENFT 4
2008 0.180 0.165 0.702 0.167 0.153
2009 0.187 0.123 0.783 0.197 0.195
2010 0.193 0.175 0.670 0.251 0.160
2011 0.022 0.285 0.775 0.103 0.177
2012 0.113 0.162 0.774 0.131 0.156
2013 0.214 0.153 0.726 0.132 0.300
2014 0.277 0.055 0.623 0.031 0.350
2015 0.081 0.181 0.714 0.074 0.078
2016 0.193 0.066 0.703 0.074 0.178
ECNFT
2016 0.121 0.100 0.780 0.012 0.094
2017 0.137 0.150 0.754 0.086 0.077
2018 0.111 0.171 0.711 0.101 0.049
2019 0.150 0.114 0.659 0.072 0.098
2020 0.139 0.052 0.536 -0.026 0.147
2021 0.160 0.011 0.440 0.046 0.089
Ecuador
ECV
1994 0.153 0.380 0.571 0.089 0.655
1995 0.256 0.415 0.591 0.186 0.989
1998 0.289 0.414 0.601 0.228 0.714
1999 0.249 0.520 0.677 0.183 0.645
2006 0.305 0.510 0.697 0.188 0.462
ENEMDU
2003 0.137 0.331 0.902 0.206 0.468
2004 0.135 0.393 0.920 0.172 0.391
2005 0.225 0.390 0.856 0.209 0.495
2006 0.192 0.368 0.891 0.235 0.355
2007 0.091 0.397 0.850 0.174 0.328
2008 0.146 0.367 0.613 0.203 0.305
2009 0.094 0.334 0.674 0.025 0.350
2010 0.105 0.311 0.751 0.169 0.266
2011 0.106 0.336 0.529 0.188 0.281
2012 0.089 0.343 0.585 0.228 0.239
2013 0.078 0.293 0.668 0.103 0.283
2014 0.111 0.269 0.608 0.160 0.178
2015 0.154 0.219 0.683 0.205 0.246
2016 0.065 0.249 0.674 0.109 0.293
2017 0.088 0.280 0.597 0.146 0.128
2018 0.116 0.268 0.599 0.094 0.207
2019 0.215 0.269 0.543 0.106 0.131
2020 0.053 0.233 0.618 0.438 -0.037
2021 0.211 0.116 0.701 0.146 0.190
El Salvador
2000 0.351 0.290 0.726 0.209 0.412
2001 0.360 0.255 0.923 0.261 0.419
2002 0.332 0.228 0.917 0.090 0.457
2003 0.203 0.243 0.763 0.096 0.421
2004 0.176 0.339 0.838 0.268 0.225
2005 0.365 0.214 0.814 0.246 0.345
2006 0.231 0.247 0.752 0.151 0.167
2007 0.185 0.248 1.010 0.070 0.386
2008 0.262 0.262 0.894 0.158 0.297
2009 0.289 0.256 0.875 0.201 0.215
2010 0.237 0.252 0.811 0.085 0.288
2011 0.160 0.326 0.770 0.105 0.263
2012 0.249 0.225 0.787 0.184 0.206
2013 0.237 0.151 0.789 0.085 0.216
2014 0.215 0.218 0.674 0.068 0.242
2015 0.246 0.206 0.753 0.125 0.281
2016 0.262 0.358 0.589 0.143 0.213
2017 0.281 0.265 0.669 0.144 0.210
2018 0.292 0.127 0.565 0.080 0.271
2019 0.258 0.202 0.710 0.127 0.200
2020 0.269 0.183 0.684 0.138 0.099
2021 0.197 0.176 0.447 0.064 0.202
Guatemala
ENCOVI
2000 0.266 0.560 0.686 0.415 0.946
2006 0.497 0.543 0.826 0.255 0.809
2011 0.321 0.597 0.937 0.303 0.626
2014 0.313 0.647 0.841 0.126 0.763
ENEI
2002 0.561 0.589 0.448 0.245 0.583
2003 0.515 0.618 0.562 0.271 0.870
2004 0.312 0.721 0.457 0.229 0.711
Honduras
DGEC
1991 0.196 0.641 0.839 0.399 0.966
1992 0.253 0.628 0.706 0.215 1.002
1993 0.281 0.489 0.757 0.165 1.003
1994 0.287 0.595 0.692 0.181 0.818
1995 0.152 0.602 0.969 0.288 0.755
1996 0.175 0.614 0.727 0.255 0.736
1997 0.232 0.460 0.830 0.205 0.764
1998 0.162 0.486 0.720 0.065 0.678
1999 0.195 0.418 0.744 0.041 0.797
INE
2001 0.468 0.607 0.719 0.207 0.839
2002 0.300 0.603 0.726 0.262 0.731
2003 0.325 0.512 0.799 0.282 0.605
2004 0.290 0.671 0.774 0.123 0.774
2005 0.406 0.791 0.703 0.192 0.592
2006 0.441 0.621 0.808 0.305 0.672
2007 0.413 0.645 0.726 0.242 0.520
2008 0.407 0.559 0.786 0.298 0.611
2009 0.378 0.514 0.755 0.239 0.627
2010 0.311 0.596 0.860 0.202 0.539
2012 0.285 0.667 0.702 0.262 0.710
2013 0.378 0.686 0.805 0.227 0.573
2014 0.443 0.548 0.633 0.238 0.602
2015 0.262 0.425 0.894 0.315 0.610
2016 0.249 0.673 0.868 0.239 0.615
2017 0.273 0.594 0.614 0.164 0.479
2018 0.325 0.552 0.744 0.114 0.517
2019 0.255 0.494 0.531 0.248 0.481
Mexico
1989 0.274 0.470 0.515 0.162 0.744
1992 0.279 0.520 0.771 0.211 0.434
1994 0.185 0.620 0.811 0.275 0.622
1996 0.207 0.652 0.673 0.269 0.472
1998 0.277 0.533 0.792 0.189 0.690
2000 0.291 0.465 0.836 0.165 0.454
2002 0.270 0.591 0.678 0.214 0.702
2008 0.202 0.454 0.772 0.115 0.460
2010 0.160 0.575 0.672 0.204 0.522
2012 0.201 0.428 0.828 0.163 0.582
2014 0.136 0.567 0.750 0.159 0.531
New Methodology
2016 0.176 0.495 0.736 0.121 0.460
2018 0.154 0.483 0.663 0.120 0.430
2020 0.145 0.412 0.697 0.110 0.363
Nicaragua
1993 0.383 0.289 0.494 0.108 0.142
1998 0.308 0.541 0.742 0.109 0.151
2001 0.219 0.348 0.781 0.279 0.522
2005 0.242 0.309 0.800 0.130 0.385
2009 0.135 0.382 0.578 0.040 0.177
2014 0.175 0.109 0.741 0.152 0.147
Panama
1989 0.083 0.405 0.727 0.237 0.898
1991 0.107 0.433 0.763 0.318 0.628
1995 0.199 0.436 0.814 0.153 0.749
1997 0.101 0.426 0.784 0.219 0.701
1998 0.183 0.398 0.841 0.173 0.652
1999 0.194 0.399 0.841 0.146 0.642
2000 0.199 0.365 0.923 0.185 0.584
2001 0.390 0.403 0.984 0.254 0.653
2002 0.362 0.484 0.934 0.184 0.672
2003 0.323 0.480 0.824 0.306 0.594
2004 0.300 0.446 0.935 0.344 0.612
2005 0.290 0.426 0.906 0.420 0.633
2006 0.265 0.408 0.911 0.224 0.635
2007 0.272 0.404 0.870 0.214 0.669
2008 0.184 0.402 0.854 0.095 0.651
2009 0.172 0.433 0.806 0.297 0.645
2010 0.318 0.433 0.798 0.294 0.559
2011 0.309 0.425 0.796 0.430 0.375
2012 0.306 0.381 0.900 0.239 0.459
2013 0.217 0.438 0.808 0.248 0.444
2014 0.342 0.421 0.710 0.349 0.406
2015 0.265 0.394 0.749 0.269 0.473
2016 0.225 0.484 0.692 0.247 0.580
2017 0.138 0.421 0.756 0.244 0.360
2018 0.166 0.430 0.801 0.180 0.497
2019 0.262 0.403 0.734 0.134 0.498
2021 0.196 0.437 0.919 0.100 0.406
Paraguay
1995 0.189 0.631 0.730 0.219 0.780
1997 0.258 0.630 0.897 0.159 0.589
1999 0.259 0.524 0.768 0.237 0.497
2001 0.242 0.486 0.618 0.105 0.457
2002 0.211 0.561 0.764 0.197 0.366
2003 0.147 0.527 0.957 0.209 0.465
2004 0.116 0.488 0.787 0.096 0.638
2005 0.164 0.622 0.708 -0.007 0.477
2006 0.253 0.509 0.822 0.143 0.432
2007 0.111 0.449 0.795 0.042 0.632
2008 0.239 0.542 0.620 0.095 0.457
2009 0.238 0.398 0.738 0.099 0.670
2010 0.043 0.378 0.646 0.055 0.394
2011 0.131 0.416 0.715 0.064 0.586
2012 0.183 0.381 0.802 0.076 0.332
2013 0.199 0.315 0.800 -0.037 0.365
2014 0.149 0.322 0.723 -0.008 0.223
2015 0.128 0.427 0.725 0.119 0.395
2016 0.156 0.267 0.784 0.184 0.384
2017 0.123 0.330 0.678 0.187 0.400
2018 0.154 0.443 0.583 0.014 0.264
2019 0.054 0.284 0.666 -0.089 0.310
2020 0.245 0.180 0.721 0.061 0.439
2021 0.052 0.171 0.755 -0.025 0.267
Peru
ENAHO 1
1997 0.194 0.206 0.595 0.225 0.260
1998 0.277 0.243 0.554 -0.030 0.478
1999 0.129 0.193 0.629 0.077 0.423
2000 0.265 0.198 0.667 0.000 0.325
ENAHO 2
2001 0.200 0.255 0.638 0.047 0.391
2002 0.226 0.215 0.721 0.138 0.145
2003 0.197 0.248 0.689 0.394 0.069
ENAHO 3
2003 0.201 0.303 0.733 0.221 0.137
2004 0.102 0.255 0.605 0.033 0.299
2005 0.077 0.292 0.607 0.089 0.176
2006 0.210 0.212 0.618 0.159 0.128
2007 0.085 0.201 0.674 0.143 0.265
2008 0.110 0.188 0.564 0.089 0.253
2009 0.061 0.189 0.596 0.076 0.232
2010 0.083 0.160 0.461 0.015 0.273
2011 0.080 0.236 0.489 0.082 0.165
2012 0.131 0.170 0.495 0.160 0.059
2013 0.126 0.204 0.471 0.127 0.099
2014 0.067 0.172 0.561 0.091 0.172
2015 0.080 0.197 0.551 0.059 0.139
2016 0.094 0.210 0.549 0.037 0.163
2017 0.120 0.197 0.563 0.049 0.128
2018 0.000 0.210 0.527 0.039 0.203
2019 0.102 0.167 0.535 0.106 0.065
2020 0.046 0.133 0.617 -0.020 0.125
2021 0.042 0.122 0.523 0.067 0.037
Uruguay
Urban
1989 0.097 0.472 0.139 0.191 0.531
1992 0.129 0.509 0.447 0.132 0.441
1995 0.151 0.594 0.431 -0.004 0.489
1996 0.184 0.682 0.314 0.031 0.390
1997 0.178 0.598 0.422 0.128 0.416
1998 0.147 0.620 0.504 0.109 0.405
2000 0.165 0.500 0.595 0.045 0.574
2001 0.138 0.602 0.776 0.090 0.520
2002 0.346 0.582 0.712 0.125 0.515
2003 0.255 0.602 0.739 0.142 0.556
2004 0.202 0.636 0.873 0.165 0.590
2005 0.213 0.659 0.842 0.107 0.484
2006 0.239 0.681 0.683 0.083 0.510
National
2006 0.219 0.659 0.679 0.081 0.514
2007 0.188 0.614 0.657 0.026 0.542
2008 0.208 0.635 0.602 0.115 0.468
2009 0.200 0.674 0.693 0.085 0.507
2010 0.149 0.579 0.727 0.188 0.566
2011 0.197 0.578 0.570 0.127 0.471
2012 0.193 0.480 0.537 0.051 0.485
2013 0.228 0.478 0.565 0.074 0.416
2014 0.263 0.448 0.534 0.082 0.396
2015 0.167 0.447 0.530 0.115 0.518
2016 0.124 0.450 0.530 -0.083 0.409
2017 0.173 0.423 0.527 0.014 0.379
2018 0.184 0.394 0.549 0.052 0.318
2019 0.198 0.394 0.549 0.037 0.326
New Methodology
2021-II 0.270 0.362 0.573 0.199 0.427
Venezuela
1989 0.240 0.405 0.518 0.217 0.397
1992 0.194 0.372 0.663 0.138 0.417
1995 0.187 0.355 0.475 0.112 0.240
1997 0.154 0.315 0.653 0.015 0.327
1998 0.186 0.376 0.568 0.139 0.234
1999 0.233 0.330 0.582 0.122 0.184
2000 0.181 0.273 0.313 0.162 0.357
2001 0.214 0.321 0.541 0.120 0.422
2002 0.235 0.341 0.606 0.182 0.336
2003 0.247 0.315 0.582 0.124 0.338
2004 0.266 0.335 0.529 0.139 0.371
2005 0.195 0.375 0.412 0.060 0.298
2006 0.185 0.231 0.517 0.137 0.262
Urban salaried workers

Women Men Women
College Primary Secondary College Primary Secondary College
0.458 0.179 0.434 0.632 0.039 0.524 0.268

0.470 0.156 0.610 0.546 0.054 0.600 0.400
0.601 0.153 0.587 0.583 0.121 0.750 0.416
0.362 0.163 0.471 0.488 -0.072 0.524 0.200
0.448 0.141 0.439 0.582 -0.033 0.362 0.180
0.454 0.153 0.432 0.560 0.007 0.383 0.226

0.496 0.113 0.419 0.657 -0.025 0.387 0.351
0.404 0.187 0.362 0.687 0.003 0.416 0.403
0.291 0.183 0.403 0.664 0.020 0.364 0.480
0.620 0.167 0.336 0.732 0.073 0.232 0.503
0.452 0.178 0.439 0.598 -0.053 0.363 0.430
0.208 0.162 0.456 0.679 0.000 0.469 0.450
0.523 0.161 0.442 0.668 0.025 0.457 0.467

0.341 0.183 0.326 0.670 -0.057 0.403 0.512
0.331 0.118 0.421 0.697 -0.070 0.387 0.577
0.198 0.252 0.364 0.675 0.109 0.393 0.566
0.300 0.211 0.344 0.753 0.029 0.384 0.602
0.676 0.220 0.352 0.733 -0.150 0.350 0.578
0.331 0.066 0.381 0.619 0.172 0.377 0.597

0.310 0.212 0.343 0.622 0.141 0.346 0.606
0.329 0.251 0.343 0.594 0.131 0.320 0.587
0.351 0.125 0.340 0.639 0.247 0.313 0.590
0.420 0.135 0.368 0.600 0.065 0.308 0.632
0.456 0.189 0.351 0.593 0.253 0.354 0.588
0.471 0.203 0.356 0.559 0.056 0.441 0.616
0.449 0.258 0.321 0.527 0.060 0.365 0.607
0.381 0.130 0.370 0.546 -0.042 0.425 0.658
0.516 0.207 0.253 0.582 0.035 0.359 0.703
0.467 0.201 0.313 0.530 0.252 0.390 0.657
0.526 0.176 0.298 0.525 0.184 0.273 0.709
0.471 0.112 0.338 0.499 0.081 0.402 0.644
0.432 0.268 0.286 0.462 0.115 0.343 0.605
0.460 0.133 0.299 0.488 0.118 0.293 0.642
0.348 0.144 0.270 0.533 -0.015 0.406 0.562
0.437 0.202 0.256 0.543 0.176 0.290 0.611
0.388 0.223 0.318 0.448 0.070 0.352 0.531
0.573 0.132 0.326 0.421 0.253 0.294 0.549
0.553 0.160 0.294 0.486 0.035 0.336 0.488
0.292 0.156 0.305 0.440 0.046 0.380 0.490
0.585 0.275 0.271 0.466 -0.034 0.259 0.575
0.340 0.132 0.304 0.435 0.032 0.320 0.560
0.570 0.183 0.236 0.443 0.218 0.197 0.560
0.352 0.119 0.274 0.459 0.083 0.238 0.529

0.559 0.045 0.261 0.472 0.012 0.247 0.519
0.463 0.013 0.277 0.451 -0.002 0.243 0.530
0.643 0.158 0.258 0.466 0.148 0.209 0.607
0.574 0.135 0.257 0.380 0.131 0.252 0.518
0.383 0.024 0.328 0.443 0.109 0.285 0.556
0.656 0.061 0.337 0.446 -0.146 0.316 0.594
0.374 0.079 0.244 0.504 0.075 0.280 0.627
0.716 -0.100 0.386 0.431 0.171 0.294 0.549
0.357 0.013 0.356 0.442 0.107 0.174 0.570
0.494 0.240 0.265 0.448 -0.049 0.367 0.541
0.524 0.311 0.048 0.669 0.027 0.636 0.671

1.360 0.138 0.222 0.977 0.312 0.453 0.756
0.597 0.065 0.271 0.948 0.191 0.560 0.885
0.705 0.065 0.271 0.948 0.191 0.560 0.885
0.780 0.202 0.176 0.780 0.004 0.805 0.748
1.104 0.023 0.277 1.185 0.279 0.521 0.736
1.048 0.267 0.119 0.986 0.274 0.269 0.902
0.900 -0.145 0.371 1.171 0.307 0.164 0.965
1.171 0.102 0.267 0.996 0.519 0.117 0.840
1.119 0.166 0.260 1.088 0.159 0.533 0.808
1.295 -0.186 0.367 0.916 0.237 0.178 0.899
1.139 0.144 0.043 0.859 0.197 0.053 1.025
0.893 0.084 -0.076 0.743 0.109 0.163 0.773
0.900 0.131 0.000 0.613 0.190 -0.019 0.904
0.920 0.063 -0.084 0.646 -0.389 0.607 0.831
0.837 0.011 0.081 0.594 0.151 0.155 0.777
0.778 0.041 0.080 0.624 0.109 0.151 0.767
0.552 0.058 0.038 0.564 0.175 0.117 0.783
0.606 0.038 0.087 0.613 0.018 0.254 0.786
0.890 0.031 0.203 0.593 0.200 0.220 0.787
0.922 0.080 0.060 0.619 0.205 0.081 0.806
0.564 0.101 0.056 0.573 -0.132 0.371 0.844
1.006 0.226 -0.099 0.709 -0.173 0.472 0.987
0.667 0.116 0.073 0.700 0.105 0.170 0.839
0.313 0.588 0.506 0.605 0.655 0.542 0.597

0.577 0.610 0.485 0.795 0.723 0.504 0.706
0.526 0.613 0.490 0.797 0.702 0.515 0.723
0.664 0.597 0.475 0.808 0.730 0.536 0.755
0.586 0.582 0.461 0.754 0.687 0.563 0.764
0.718 0.505 0.465 0.845 0.575 0.513 0.814
0.699 0.539 0.484 0.878 0.562 0.636 0.771
0.737 0.518 0.523 0.920 0.604 0.511 0.861
0.741 0.501 0.529 0.890 0.534 0.553 0.851
0.778 0.489 0.519 0.845 0.530 0.585 0.886
0.461 0.446 0.419 0.609 0.515 0.466 0.665

0.684 0.452 0.464 0.855 0.481 0.528 0.776
0.767 0.453 0.425 0.941 0.401 0.478 0.814
0.815 0.437 0.416 0.868 0.342 0.489 0.854
0.768 0.425 0.436 0.876 0.340 0.517 0.841
0.812 0.397 0.428 0.973 0.341 0.498 0.884
0.852 0.396 0.411 0.926 0.308 0.506 0.898
0.907 0.383 0.380 1.014 0.296 0.419 0.982
0.978 0.329 0.399 1.060 0.254 0.414 1.039
0.948 0.332 0.372 1.041 0.237 0.383 1.013
0.985 0.298 0.367 1.026 0.239 0.374 1.020
0.984 0.298 0.367 1.026 0.239 0.374 1.020

0.979 0.286 0.354 1.027 0.214 0.352 0.996
0.988 0.288 0.321 1.031 0.194 0.338 1.010
0.964 0.254 0.318 0.996 0.179 0.324 0.982
0.902 0.240 0.305 0.966 0.178 0.314 0.975
0.886 0.253 0.285 0.930 0.171 0.283 0.948
0.912 0.182 0.273 0.929 0.161 0.224 0.943
0.910 0.182 0.259 0.924 0.121 0.248 0.930
0.915 0.176 0.251 0.906 0.143 0.208 0.919
0.898 0.182 0.229 0.888 0.138 0.188 0.898
0.877 0.206 0.198 0.905 0.115 0.176 0.892
0.941 0.175 0.283 0.927 0.150 0.218 0.966

0.943 0.161 0.266 0.956 0.155 0.206 0.951
0.899 0.179 0.241 0.952 0.139 0.179 0.961
0.883 0.175 0.241 0.909 0.130 0.184 0.940
0.884 0.160 0.231 0.942 0.118 0.188 0.916
0.852 0.161 0.223 0.935 0.134 0.179 0.882
0.824 0.167 0.228 0.900 0.103 0.210 0.905
0.865 0.174 0.207 0.915 0.105 0.177 0.894
0.797 0.142 0.211 0.934 0.091 0.199 0.868
0.736 0.153 0.200 0.904 0.113 0.172 0.866
0.636 0.037 0.424 0.880 0.163 0.451 0.695

0.334 -0.021 0.352 0.455 -0.201 0.505 0.415
0.586 0.084 0.439 0.929 0.056 0.530 0.735
1.237 0.109 0.439 0.899 0.133 0.450 0.768
0.857 0.137 0.437 0.886 0.062 0.439 0.791
0.693 0.145 0.329 0.905 0.088 0.303 0.820
0.658 0.131 0.311 0.872 0.057 0.323 0.795
0.797 0.033 0.328 0.867 0.070 0.222 0.785
0.860 -0.009 0.302 0.900 0.043 0.229 0.832
0.960 0.133 0.239 0.800 0.049 0.223 0.760
0.879 0.073 0.228 0.796 0.045 0.173 0.745
0.700 0.087 0.206 0.714 0.034 0.177 0.686
0.663 0.138 0.478 0.953 0.159 0.438 1.004

0.831 0.051 0.477 1.072 0.100 0.435 0.999
0.917 0.311 0.415 0.997 0.188 0.336 0.994
0.918 0.176 0.440 0.990 0.181 0.404 0.950
0.819 0.075 0.378 1.015 0.158 0.366 0.953
0.965 0.185 0.335 0.962 0.146 0.382 0.991

0.961 0.168 0.350 0.974 0.217 0.313 1.035
1.025 0.158 0.336 1.037 0.130 0.313 1.066
1.062 0.149 0.302 1.017 0.088 0.332 1.094
1.060 0.161 0.305 0.980 0.114 0.293 1.069
1.026 0.127 0.264 0.997 0.138 0.248 1.058
1.035 0.099 0.260 1.013 0.141 0.235 1.051
0.997 0.098 0.230 0.960 0.128 0.266 1.002
1.008 0.091 0.268 0.939 0.109 0.246 0.991
0.964 0.119 0.232 0.928 0.076 0.254 0.987
0.985 0.108 0.228 0.918 0.093 0.215 0.978
0.929 0.130 0.227 0.950 0.121 0.219 0.946
0.804 0.066 0.274 0.910 0.049 0.291 0.933
0.858 0.094 0.242 0.895 0.131 0.211 0.934
0.425 0.208 0.511 0.572 0.221 0.712 0.422

0.631 0.144 0.505 0.611 0.195 0.544 0.585
0.745 0.208 0.483 0.516 0.148 0.617 0.773
0.745 0.155 0.522 0.633 0.218 0.447 0.695
0.905 0.227 0.464 0.690 0.247 0.460 0.793
0.633 0.130 0.495 0.595 0.120 0.474 0.742
0.662 0.202 0.365 0.704 0.327 0.424 0.660
0.573 0.132 0.470 0.667 0.200 0.492 0.598
0.651 0.079 0.397 0.756 0.241 0.515 0.686
0.632 0.099 0.396 0.635 0.112 0.466 0.658
0.676 0.159 0.380 0.688 0.161 0.408 0.735
0.677 0.072 0.455 0.706 0.116 0.392 0.726
0.776 0.237 0.436 0.626 0.202 0.407 0.794
0.696 0.093 0.428 0.812 0.161 0.436 0.759
0.664 0.164 0.350 0.752 0.077 0.473 0.743
0.630 0.144 0.336 0.819 0.146 0.442 0.742
0.704 0.055 0.395 0.687 0.188 0.439 0.700
0.709 0.156 0.398 0.698 0.202 0.494 0.696
0.768 0.146 0.383 0.779 0.197 0.384 0.753
0.751 0.171 0.384 0.740 0.058 0.439 0.787
0.712 0.196 0.424 0.699 0.159 0.527 0.748
0.754 0.076 0.475 0.778 0.187 0.466 0.841

0.900 0.258 0.358 0.942 0.173 0.425 0.947
0.946 0.131 0.391 0.897 0.092 0.419 0.892
0.761 0.310 0.366 0.896 0.189 0.469 0.913
0.796 0.123 0.385 0.925 0.092 0.367 0.934
1.056 0.175 0.397 0.956 0.045 0.384 0.991
1.102 0.223 0.379 0.970 0.082 0.360 0.966
1.057 0.175 0.424 0.906 0.159 0.318 0.985
0.814 0.150 0.369 0.788 0.105 0.332 0.857
0.779 0.144 0.396 0.753 0.114 0.299 0.863
0.999 0.128 0.359 0.749 -0.026 0.406 0.769
0.981 0.239 0.318 0.832 0.059 0.306 0.804
0.741 0.001 0.191 0.765 0.186 0.435 0.670

0.793 0.169 0.121 0.657 0.137 0.547 0.446
1.029 0.112 0.287 0.822 0.091 0.354 0.866
0.948 0.128 0.277 0.803 0.083 0.397 0.757
0.612 0.153 0.229 0.728 0.158 0.439 0.745
1.055 0.182 0.268 0.754 0.279 0.210 0.873
1.071 0.159 0.291 0.626 0.127 0.224 0.842
1.109 0.074 0.319 0.651 0.187 0.264 0.816
0.880 0.165 0.198 0.792 0.066 0.359 0.703
0.917 0.126 0.223 0.751 0.112 0.256 0.725
0.713 0.216 0.159 0.766 0.101 0.274 0.727

1.053 0.136 0.252 0.728 0.080 0.198 0.882
1.049 0.262 0.193 0.700 -0.009 0.215 0.921
0.829 0.053 0.212 0.809 0.044 0.290 0.856
0.967 0.113 0.203 0.784 -0.089 0.166 0.966
1.078 0.201 0.117 0.833 -0.031 0.203 0.969
0.984 0.109 0.171 0.759 0.073 0.298 0.699
0.798 0.119 0.190 0.743 -0.073 0.257 0.869
0.693 0.108 0.121 0.866 0.114 0.172 0.744
0.854 0.234 0.177 0.803 0.029 0.203 0.911

0.939 0.164 0.177 0.896 0.098 0.045 1.041
0.942 0.275 0.236 0.692 0.106 0.063 1.029
0.863 0.183 0.225 0.760 0.087 0.090 0.906
0.862 0.298 0.143 0.715 -0.116 0.246 0.863
0.872 0.192 0.190 0.845 0.086 0.143 1.008
0.637 0.122 0.491 0.509 0.363 0.472 0.461

0.215 0.351 0.402 0.581 0.167 0.776 0.321
0.525 0.005 0.483 0.667 0.024 0.842 0.422
0.511 0.328 0.509 0.649 0.170 0.481 0.518
0.476 0.250 0.526 0.726 0.108 0.511 0.773
0.565 0.191 0.252 0.864 0.105 0.493 0.819

0.478 0.164 0.341 0.863 0.095 0.426 0.652
0.730 0.191 0.318 0.885 0.234 0.347 0.777
0.851 0.227 0.322 0.841 0.189 0.372 0.785
0.567 0.091 0.379 0.795 0.139 0.389 0.862
0.327 0.117 0.327 0.612 0.096 0.311 0.609
0.477 0.023 0.289 0.711 0.056 0.314 0.630
0.445 0.074 0.332 0.654 0.056 0.292 0.558
0.314 0.117 0.350 0.474 0.111 0.335 0.504
0.739 0.123 0.271 0.520 0.136 0.223 0.558
0.373 0.054 0.225 0.642 0.124 0.228 0.605
0.370 0.142 0.245 0.563 0.107 0.157 0.565
0.292 0.123 0.182 0.673 0.193 0.231 0.556
0.712 0.022 0.209 0.643 0.142 0.192 0.574
0.334 0.048 0.217 0.599 0.038 0.163 0.592
0.393 0.066 0.269 0.536 0.118 0.192 0.620
0.368 0.141 0.176 0.553 0.094 0.145 0.563
0.509 0.064 0.242 0.568 0.131 0.071 0.603
0.390 0.166 0.276 0.579 -0.002 0.123 0.620
0.920 0.236 0.344 0.754 0.354 0.365 0.884

0.843 0.208 0.252 1.029 0.357 0.345 0.870
0.666 0.191 0.210 0.999 0.270 0.382 0.698
0.827 0.180 0.192 0.831 0.122 0.498 0.735
0.876 0.109 0.276 0.835 0.204 0.327 0.864
0.874 0.167 0.340 0.753 0.304 0.381 0.766
0.767 0.217 0.278 0.873 0.273 0.212 0.875
1.025 0.102 0.310 0.977 0.161 0.337 0.916
0.991 0.164 0.269 1.005 0.155 0.373 0.914
0.986 0.171 0.285 0.883 0.172 0.320 0.984
0.903 0.180 0.247 0.831 0.205 0.325 0.832
0.999 0.101 0.288 0.809 0.127 0.246 0.890
0.876 0.140 0.233 0.825 0.168 0.281 0.745
0.895 0.164 0.167 0.809 0.170 0.232 0.802
0.676 0.161 0.201 0.775 0.099 0.322 0.792
0.821 0.130 0.242 0.755 0.143 0.251 0.763
0.751 0.124 0.308 0.575 0.209 0.251 0.621
0.898 0.191 0.222 0.673 0.209 0.230 0.724
0.766 0.135 0.227 0.591 0.161 0.248 0.673
0.819 0.188 0.227 0.649 0.128 0.265 0.653
0.660 0.200 0.196 0.652 0.064 0.399 0.623
0.405 0.126 0.214 0.521 0.076 0.324 0.575
0.517 0.384 0.680 0.740 0.301 0.915 0.564

0.491 0.383 0.523 0.733 0.262 0.707 0.497
0.530 0.174 0.607 0.909 0.260 0.839 0.514
0.572 0.236 0.527 0.743 0.270 0.854 0.365
0.781 0.190 0.777 0.527 0.354 0.846 0.798

1.135 0.368 0.628 0.731 0.326 0.720 0.826
0.721 0.321 0.536 0.626 0.253 0.891 0.331
0.557 0.268 0.625 0.799 0.257 1.073 0.657

0.595 -0.007 0.739 0.702 0.224 1.086 0.511
0.519 0.239 0.636 0.762 0.235 1.076 0.540
0.414 0.209 0.627 0.795 0.203 0.972 0.562
0.513 0.210 0.494 0.725 0.286 0.892 0.507
0.674 0.314 0.500 0.641 0.297 0.900 0.537
0.747 0.302 0.451 0.890 0.329 0.772 0.713
0.767 0.174 0.539 0.756 0.105 0.623 0.765
0.778 0.155 0.459 0.712 0.125 0.652 0.830
0.651 0.133 0.662 0.684 0.362 0.793 0.708

0.617 0.273 0.597 0.820 0.329 0.833 0.675
0.731 0.274 0.558 0.869 0.242 0.753 0.892
0.652 0.212 0.635 0.838 0.245 0.783 0.683
0.764 0.292 0.647 0.886 0.287 0.640 0.870
0.851 0.282 0.531 0.891 0.293 0.665 0.859
0.608 0.316 0.549 0.827 0.251 0.707 0.801
0.843 0.277 0.494 0.804 0.320 0.594 0.822
0.778 0.212 0.475 0.753 0.292 0.643 0.695
0.623 0.268 0.519 0.740 0.284 0.628 0.697
0.826 0.251 0.455 0.797 0.385 0.537 0.670
0.915 0.334 0.505 0.664 0.354 0.637 0.740
0.866 0.311 0.416 0.639 0.207 0.736 0.561
0.861 0.261 0.363 0.839 0.296 0.569 0.676
0.871 0.288 0.517 0.740 0.311 0.518 0.750
0.538 0.188 0.562 0.551 0.250 0.559 0.728
0.934 0.336 0.453 0.620 0.031 0.592 0.846
0.959 0.199 0.469 0.556 0.366 0.662 0.561
0.373 0.227 0.484 0.515 0.153 0.720 0.396

0.185 0.222 0.544 0.666 0.105 0.770 0.384
0.047 0.201 0.686 0.745 0.204 0.911 0.459
0.251 0.298 0.545 0.711 0.211 0.753 0.486
0.128 0.297 0.551 0.772 0.315 0.850 0.474
0.462 0.227 0.478 0.827 0.134 0.809 0.573
0.160 0.162 0.543 0.717 0.141 0.772 0.456
0.452 0.136 0.434 0.690 0.119 0.609 0.649
0.485 0.107 0.493 0.664 0.183 0.558 0.682
0.442 0.128 0.392 0.775 0.055 0.554 0.671
0.453 0.123 0.448 0.772 0.038 0.534 0.745
0.460 0.160 0.450 0.725 0.173 0.499 0.766

0.452 0.115 0.478 0.615 0.079 0.453 0.762
0.461 0.123 0.437 0.687 0.142 0.489 0.722
0.202 0.250 0.160 0.715 0.035 0.363 0.474

0.629 0.250 0.454 0.631 0.217 0.362 0.589
0.484 0.119 0.468 0.704 0.205 0.461 0.498
0.562 0.194 0.348 0.855 0.215 0.284 0.646
0.839 0.135 0.332 0.702 0.221 0.145 0.708
0.775 0.138 0.183 0.778 0.199 0.099 0.650
0.608 0.164 0.514 0.675 0.243 0.957 0.616

0.634 0.050 0.459 0.717 0.161 0.793 0.681
0.718 0.226 0.473 0.767 0.204 0.740 0.785
0.762 -0.006 0.505 0.817 0.223 0.763 0.786
0.790 0.051 0.401 0.850 0.129 0.848 0.757
0.772 0.131 0.430 0.878 0.109 0.754 0.804
0.762 0.133 0.316 0.890 0.180 0.593 0.819
0.819 0.095 0.319 0.888 0.332 0.691 0.792
0.816 0.182 0.381 0.896 0.075 0.707 0.880
0.756 0.176 0.345 0.880 0.189 0.643 0.791
0.896 0.058 0.373 0.917 0.188 0.606 0.905
0.799 0.189 0.316 0.822 0.088 0.701 0.734
0.831 0.129 0.255 0.814 0.231 0.710 0.768
0.853 0.109 0.307 0.798 0.265 0.609 0.740
0.797 0.093 0.245 0.799 -0.047 0.604 0.758
0.734 0.098 0.304 0.769 0.108 0.628 0.652
0.716 0.161 0.327 0.713 0.065 0.493 0.662
0.804 0.126 0.290 0.758 0.107 0.442 0.726
0.829 0.147 0.278 0.851 0.056 0.452 0.798
0.808 0.097 0.333 0.726 0.147 0.433 0.721
0.793 0.120 0.315 0.676 0.213 0.372 0.678
0.751 0.071 0.297 0.752 0.007 0.380 0.701
0.747 0.112 0.387 0.648 0.081 0.434 0.680
0.686 0.069 0.288 0.692 0.035 0.459 0.692
0.779 -0.002 0.324 0.657 -0.173 0.397 0.747
0.794 0.107 0.306 0.688 0.260 0.307 0.702
0.900 0.094 0.368 0.793 0.371 0.267 0.804
0.491 0.231 0.512 0.663 0.315 0.685 0.570

0.774 0.131 0.638 0.833 0.188 0.562 0.593
0.774 0.310 0.368 0.768 0.359 0.521 0.611
1.065 0.145 0.428 0.991 -0.044 0.726 0.758
0.798 0.124 0.467 0.685 0.081 0.438 0.680
1.040 0.143 0.499 0.795 0.218 0.420 0.792
0.781 0.284 0.342 0.789 0.191 0.485 0.658
0.938 0.321 0.536 0.692 0.053 0.418 0.889
1.095 0.129 0.450 0.820 0.142 0.522 0.734
0.802 -0.005 0.476 0.722 0.010 0.523 0.654
0.847 0.094 0.495 0.582 0.198 0.346 0.724
0.786 0.214 0.250 0.737 -0.021 0.542 0.678
0.851 0.107 0.325 0.650 0.244 0.308 0.688
0.768 0.144 0.262 0.709 0.169 0.369 0.614
0.592 0.063 0.298 0.707 0.144 0.238 0.786
0.921 0.168 0.299 0.708 0.048 0.390 0.815
0.950 0.031 0.237 0.777 0.165 0.329 0.761
0.862 0.146 0.267 0.665 0.210 0.172 0.763
0.818 0.055 0.250 0.736 0.140 0.327 0.641
0.875 0.007 0.265 0.643 0.174 0.327 0.686
1.028 0.190 0.248 0.558 0.115 0.327 0.828
0.915 0.045 0.281 0.597 -0.072 0.362 0.739
0.727 0.057 0.228 0.617 0.183 0.286 0.696
1.114 -0.119 0.339 0.639 -0.003 0.251 0.903
0.571 0.200 0.122 0.564 -0.001 0.169 0.457

0.387 0.151 0.194 0.537 0.056 0.345 0.377
0.561 -0.088 0.340 0.466 -0.025 0.267 0.692
0.520 0.204 0.080 0.586 0.028 0.214 0.657
0.384 0.083 0.169 0.556 0.069 0.265 0.603

0.567 0.152 0.169 0.669 0.069 0.196 0.712
0.367 0.135 0.180 0.655 0.292 0.055 0.689
0.587 0.041 0.300 0.684 0.120 0.166 0.760

0.508 0.176 0.138 0.648 0.094 0.244 0.700
0.574 0.179 0.193 0.609 0.056 0.286 0.697
0.767 0.097 0.200 0.636 -0.007 0.242 0.750
0.560 0.094 0.190 0.615 0.099 0.267 0.760
0.480 0.022 0.157 0.603 0.157 0.234 0.628
0.485 0.113 0.115 0.597 0.041 0.202 0.658
0.450 0.080 0.170 0.448 0.080 0.240 0.599
0.413 0.113 0.130 0.460 0.109 0.133 0.595
0.516 0.059 0.119 0.458 0.144 0.149 0.584
0.445 0.085 0.078 0.439 0.100 0.072 0.592
0.363 0.020 0.163 0.484 0.020 0.223 0.573
0.501 0.067 0.145 0.492 0.090 0.087 0.627
0.398 0.124 0.094 0.484 0.099 0.153 0.545
0.530 0.072 0.149 0.492 0.074 0.146 0.579
0.469 -0.039 0.167 0.481 0.121 0.096 0.603
0.472 0.065 0.122 0.500 0.037 0.141 0.625
0.434 0.002 0.163 0.538 -0.130 0.305 0.606
0.445 0.022 0.096 0.512 0.083 0.026 0.606
0.081 0.100 0.448 0.184 0.229 0.514 0.146

0.303 0.131 0.490 0.334 0.147 0.482 0.438
0.317 0.127 0.500 0.445 0.025 0.672 0.369
0.368 0.131 0.556 0.402 0.176 0.550 0.403
0.432 0.148 0.502 0.424 0.185 0.563 0.397
0.372 0.148 0.474 0.547 0.106 0.546 0.461
0.542 0.212 0.429 0.551 0.082 0.539 0.468
0.723 0.097 0.523 0.692 0.050 0.439 0.721
0.640 0.248 0.504 0.787 0.044 0.468 0.642
0.671 0.152 0.565 0.630 0.140 0.441 0.684
0.647 0.136 0.514 0.813 0.102 0.542 0.673
0.658 0.135 0.532 0.830 0.007 0.522 0.693
0.575 0.169 0.531 0.669 0.131 0.499 0.626
0.579 0.152 0.529 0.668 0.121 0.506 0.629

0.533 0.163 0.538 0.667 0.101 0.589 0.668
0.503 0.183 0.532 0.616 0.148 0.538 0.570
0.614 0.136 0.563 0.708 0.118 0.758 0.711
0.587 0.132 0.526 0.687 0.236 0.778 0.714
0.584 0.183 0.493 0.582 0.146 0.600 0.627
0.502 0.217 0.425 0.517 0.119 0.579 0.576
0.524 0.199 0.430 0.550 0.141 0.519 0.600
0.507 0.233 0.383 0.524 0.148 0.477 0.610
0.558 0.177 0.411 0.532 0.110 0.508 0.554
0.505 0.132 0.400 0.533 0.006 0.521 0.550
0.513 0.198 0.367 0.492 0.128 0.478 0.583
0.519 0.147 0.367 0.515 0.075 0.447 0.560
0.513 0.188 0.356 0.532 0.193 0.418 0.557
0.661 0.299 0.282 0.609 0.214 0.370 0.637
0.388 0.231 0.363 0.528 0.300 0.542 0.474

0.480 0.199 0.356 0.676 0.282 0.545 0.586
0.392 0.229 0.304 0.494 0.213 0.399 0.527
0.411 0.179 0.353 0.628 0.184 0.501 0.593
0.402 0.187 0.331 0.613 0.148 0.464 0.548
0.527 0.225 0.310 0.629 0.164 0.442 0.661
0.544 0.153 0.267 0.443 0.141 0.340 0.517
0.512 0.210 0.301 0.576 0.153 0.413 0.636
0.593 0.239 0.343 0.594 0.200 0.420 0.645
0.588 0.227 0.309 0.562 0.209 0.417 0.564
0.525 0.194 0.317 0.522 0.188 0.457 0.511
0.373 0.189 0.322 0.445 0.177 0.444 0.500
0.472 0.160 0.234 0.463 0.197 0.347 0.545

2022 Act2 Wages Hours LAC

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Wages and hours

2016-II 78.3 78.4 78.2 55.0

Age Education Area

2.0 2.2 1.3 1.9 3.3 1.8

3.7 4.2 2.5 3.3 5.6 3.5

4.6 5.9 2.8 3.8 7.8 4.3

4.7 5.3 2.8 3.6 7.4 4.4

80.3 100.3 54.2 65.3 113.7 78.3

3.7 3.1 2.3 3.5 6.0 3.4

168 131 93 226 515 72 156

21.5 18.3 11.5 24.8 68.4 9.7 19.4

7.5 6.6 3.7 9.1 23.8 3.1 6.9

220 186 115 257 684 102 202

3.1 2.9 1.6 3.5 9.9 1.4 2.9

4.9 5.8 2.6 4.6 13.7 2.6 4.7

9.6 12.8 5.4 7.6 21.3 5.5 9.3

1,334 1,317 653 979 2,757 815 1,326

2,229 1,814 1,202 1,934 6,411 1,155 2,357

4,158 3,605 2,256 3,299 9,373 2,413 4,229

2,078 3,902 1,371 1,803 3,844 1,700 2,079

34.1 31.6 23.6 28.3 62.0 25.0 33.9

83.5 61.4 55.4 69.8 141 58.4 84.1

118.0 117.0 90.5 97.1 180.9 99.9 113.2

2,816 2,749 1,947 2,581 5,556 2,246 2,797

2.1 1.4 1.1 1.9 4.2 1.1 2.2

1.5 1.1 0.9 1.4 2.9 0.9 1.6

13.2 15.4 8.0 13.6 32.8 7.5 14.6

1.5 0.9 1.0 1.5 3.2 1.0 1.6

8.8 4.8 4.8 11.7 28.2 5.1 9.6

10.6 7.8 6.4 16.0 34.7 6.4 13.5

3.0 3.1 2.0 4.5 9.4 2.2 3.2

20.7 16.6 12.8 27.1 55.3 13.4 21.5

3,797 3,639 2,576 3,342 7,385 2,618 3,702

8.4 6.0 4.6 7.5 19.2 4.3 8.2

42.8 36.2 23.5 31.9 80.9 26.1 42.0

2.1 1.7 1.1 1.9 3.8 1.3 2.2

4,063 4,432 2,709 4,525 9,345 2,658 4,344

3.6 3.0 2.5 3.8 6.7 2.2 3.9

3.8 2.0 2.1 3.6 6.5 1.8 4.1

4.1 2.9 2.1 3.2 8.0 1.8 4.4

0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.7 0.8

57.2 71.7 34.1 50.4 107.4 49.6 54.3

232.1 302.4 147.1 189.7 373.7 216.3 225.2

40.5 34.6 28.5 42.0 73.9 33.5 48.6

2016-II 97.3 78.7 73.4 97.3 80.5 107.1

n public sector we include the government and public firms

ers Informal workers

8.2 2.7 3.4

11.9 2.7 3.3

10.6 2.8 3.8

134.6 55.7 60.0

6.3 2.4 3.2

11.4 3.6 4.2

23,774 3,274 6,232

783 68.3 148

11.9 1.1 2.1

15.1 2.0 3.2

24.5 4.7 6.7

1,554 220 555

2,344 704 786

9,272 2,288 2,336

3,746 1,124 1,984